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Munthe, Victor. "Implementing voice communication technology in patient applications." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-417993.
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AstraZeneca as a biopharmaceutical company performs clinical trials on human volunteers every day. It is crucial that these participants complete the trial to maximise the medical learning from the trial but also to decrease the cost for AstraZeneca. Dropout's from clinical trials can not be eliminated but as a part of the work that AstraZeneca is doing to reduce dropouts, this thesis investigates the possibility to implement voice control into patient applications. The goal is to increase the usability of the systems used in clinical trials and in return reduce dropouts and increase medical knowledge. This thesis results in a discussion that can be used for future work on this topic. Opportunities that a voice-controlled system brings, together with its limitations are presented and results in a discussion regarding "data ownership". One of the main conclusions is that a voice-controlled system would bring a lot of positive features but that either the technology or the authorities are ready for such a system today. A suggested way forward can be to start trying clinical trials, where free-text responses are used for some questions, instead of fixed responses. This can help show the authorities the benefits of such a system and motivate them to open up for more technology.AstraZeneca är ett läkemedelsbolag som utför kliniska studier på frivilliga deltagare varje dag. Det är avgörande att deltagarna avslutar studien för att maximera utfallet av medicinsk kunskap men även ur ett kostnadsperspektiv. Den här rapporten undersöker möjligheten att implementera röststyrning i kliniska studier för patienter som en del i arbetet AstraZeneca gör för att minska avhoppen. Målet är att öka användbarheten av systemen som används i kliniska studier idag som i sin tur minskar antalet avhopp och bidrar mer till medicinsk kunskap. Rapporten resulterar i en diskussion som kan användas i ett fortsatt arbete inom ämnet. Möjligheterna som ett röststyrt system medför tillsammans med dess begränsningar presenteras och slutar i en diskussion kring ägandeskap av data. En tydlig slutsats som arbetet resulterar i är att implementationen av ett röststyrt system medför många positiva aspekter men att myndigheterna och teknologin inte har kommit lika långt. Ett föreslaget sätt att fortsätta är att börja testa kliniska studier med frågor där svaret består av fri text istället för svarsalternativ. Resultatet från studien kan då i sin tur användas i diskussion med myndigheterna för att visa på alla positiva följder som ett röststyrt system medför.
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Carlsson, Lovisa. "Designing a Digital Voice-Controlled Travel Guide : Investigating the User Experience of Voice-Controlled Customer Service." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160863.
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Belinfante, Sam. "The voice and the lens : facing technologies in the audio-visual installation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10155/.
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The Voice and the Lens is a study of the interconnecting technologies that constitute contemporary audio-visual installations. The thesis focuses on how these technologies ‘face’ each other – how they are positioned both towards one another and in confrontation. These technologies necessarily include our own corporeal apparatus, and by interrogating ‘the voice’ the human body is inevitably mobilised. Of fundamental importance to the study is the way in which accepted audio-visual relationships can be displaced while drawing attention to the originative gesture: new sights and sounds are created in the process. The Voice and the Lens is deliberately iconoclastic in that it seeks to break down a range of physical and theoretical boundaries encapsulating the work. This, I argue, is something that is already being done by sound and its audience in the gallery. This project, therefore, is a study of the spaces, surfaces and technologies that riddle audio-visual installations – topographies that permeate both the work and body.
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Kight, William D., and Robert E. Pfister. "APPLICATION OF EMERGING COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES TO THE CREATION OF A "VIRTUAL RANGE"." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608860.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThis paper addresses the creation of a large virtual-range environment whereby multiple, geographically dispersed, test ranges may operate in concert to support test operations. The most significant benefit of the virtual range environment is the time-sharing of costly processing resources. Other benefits include improved reliability and responsiveness of inter-range data transfer. This paper will focus on existing and near-term technology that may be applied to create a virtual-range and will address the technological and economic advantages and disadvantages of TDM vs. ATM approaches.
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Tisselli, Eugenio. "Reciprocal technologies : enabling the reciprocal exchange of voice in small-scale farming communities through the transformation of information and communications technologies." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/5134.
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This dissertation claims that the reciprocal exchange of voice—an element for constructing community and strengthening political recognition—may be fostered in small-scale farming communities by (1) the appropriation and transformation of information and communications technologies, (2) artistic intervention, and (3) cross-community research. This study contributes to participatory research methodologies, particularly those that seek to tackle the diverse challenges faced by small-scale farmers from a broad, complex perspective. The main issue identified in this dissertation is as follows: The hegemony of economic behaviors, which stands as a cornerstone of neoliberal capitalism, constitutes the latest stage of a historical process in which the voices of small-scale farmers seem to have been progressively and systematically silenced, their traditional practices largely invalidated, and their reciprocal forms of social, political, and economic organization marginalized. The purpose of this study was to explore whether an open-ended, sociotechnical methodology could be designed and applied in small-scale farming communities with the aim of strengthening their reciprocal practices while amplifying the voices of their members. The author's research addressed the question of how the role of information and communications technologies can contribute to the creation of enabling environments in which subsistence farmers may exercise their own values and make their voices heard. Another goal was to study whether the reciprocal exchange of voice could relate to the construction and dissemination of a knowledge commons and improve the resilience of small-scale farmers in the context of complex and pressing challenges such as anthropogenic climate change. Consequently, the ERV (Enabling Reciprocal Voice) Methodology was developed and applied in small-scale farming communities in order to respond to the questions of this study. The ERV Methodology sought to redefine the modes of usage of information and communications technologies in order to help communities establish a shared communicational praxis and strengthen their reciprocal relations. The ERV Methodology stands in contrast with the technological determinism found in the purely solutionist, short-term initiatives that are generally implemented in small-scale farming communities. Instead of offering rapid solutions to isolated problems, the ERV Methodology sought to consolidate the social networks of farmers through online and offline interaction. The case studies examined in this dissertation were carried out in two small-scale farming communities in Tanzania and Mexico. Following the ERV Methodology, mobile phones and the Internet were used by farmers in those communities as tools for the collaborative creation of a knowledge commons focused on local agriculture. It was found that the ERV Methodology, carried out as artistic intervention, may encourage technological appropriation, induce reciprocity, and amplify voice under certain sociotechnical conditions. These findings suggest that such a methodology might benefit farmers by becoming a significant aid to increase their resilience and their capacity to face complex challenges in the longer term. However, another conclusion was that the ERV Methodology should be applied carefully, with a strong awareness of the local context, and that greater efforts must be made in order to integrate other communities, such as local authorities and scientific researchers, into the reciprocal dynamics enabled by the methodology.
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Rolfe, Benjamin. "Globalised technologies of development : a study of voice and accountability in public services delivery." Thesis, Swansea University, 2011. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43124.
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Participatory methods have been deployed in different ways by actors in pursuit of a diverse range of personal, organisational and development objectives. With the rise of globalisation, neoliberalism and new aid delivery systems, so these methods have been adapted, re-branded and deployed to serve the objectives of a new range of actors. From these macro level currents come micro level initiatives which enrol the global poor in new projects of development. Most recently, the Millennium Development Goals have focused the agenda of participatory development on new models of public service delivery. With this new imperative comes an emergent focus on governance as a determinant of improved service provision. The same influential actors that have taken a lead role in redefining the problem have also offered new solutions. Just as many populations in the Global North have historically taken a role in the production of services that are responsive to their needs, so it is proposed that others in the Global South can be supported to claim similar rights, demand similar accountability. This thesis explores the increasingly popular technology of voice and accountability as a solution to inequalities in access to health services. I explore the extent to which the model is constitutive of a broader neoliberal discourse which is coproduced by a range of actors from Washington to village. Using a case study from a maternal health programme in Nepal; I discuss the implications of this social technology, with reference to the range of personal and organisational projects of which it is constitutive. I discuss how these discourses shape the way development is performed, and reflexively reproduce diverse regimes of power. I examine what is produced by such initiatives, and, the ways in which actors gain from this globalised project, or are disenfranchised in new ways.
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Bremner, Duncan James. "25 years of network access technologies : from voice to internet : the changing face of telecommunications." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6670/.
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This work contributes to knowledge in the field of semiconductor system architectures, circuit design and implementation, and communications protocols. The work starts by describing the challenges of interfacing legacy analogue subscriber loops to an electronic circuit contained within the Central Office (Telephone Exchange) building. It then moves on to describe the globalisation of the telecom network, the demand for software programmable devices to enable system customisation cost effectively, and the creation of circuit and system blocks to realise this. The work culminates in the application challenges of developing a wireless RF front end, including antenna, for an Ultra Wideband communications systems applications. This thesis illustrates how higher levels of integration over the period of 1981 to 2010 have influenced the realisation of complex system level products, particularly analogue signal processing capabilities for communications applications. There have been many publications illustrating the impact of technology advancement from an economic or technology perspective. The thesis shows how technology advancement has impacted the physical realisation of semiconductor products over the period, at system, circuit, and physical implementation levels.
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Eriksson, Filip. "Onboarding Users to a Voice User Interface : Comparing Different Teaching Methods for Onboarding New Users to Intelligent Personal Assistants." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149580.
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From being a fictional element in sci-fi movies, voice user interaction has become reality with intelligent personal assistants like Apple’s Sir iand Google’s Assistant. The development opens up for new exciting user experiences and challenges when designing for these experiences. This thesis has aimed to investigate the user experience of different ways of onboarding new users to intelligent personalassistants. The process has included interviews with experienced users, a test of a Google Home for three months and a wizard of oz (WOZ) test. The interviews and the long term test was done in correlation with a literature study to determine how users interact with an intelligent personal assistant (IPA) their flaws, benefits, what added value they have etc. The goal of the WOZ test was to compare two different teaching methods during the onboarding of a new user. The methods were a voice tutorial by the IPA and a visual interaction on a mobile device. The outcome was to see if the users memory retention was different between the two methods for features learned during the test as well as the users opinions of the two different methods. The results from the interviews show that the benefits of using an IPA is in situations where it reduces friction, e.g when both hands are occupied. They also showed that there are still issues with IPAs and there is a long way to go before they can a accomplish a more human-to-human like conversation. In the WOZ test the results showed that there were no significant difference in user remembrance of learnt features between the two teaching methods. However the user insights showed that the majority of users would like to have a multimodal interaction, a combination of voice and visual interaction when being taught to use an IPA.
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Brown, Deana. "Designing technologies to support migrants and refugees." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53849.
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Families migrate to improve their outcomes, however the process is very disruptive. My research asks and answers the question can scaffolding communication through technology mitigate the disruption caused to families by migration, and if so, how? In my work I have explored two forms of disruptive family migration—parental migration (where parents and children live in separate countries) and refugee resettlement (resulting from forced migration). In both forms, families are embedded in support networks of individuals they rely on to minimize vulnerabilities faced post-migration and to rebuild a stable family structure. My empirical results revealed barriers (distance, language, literacy and so forth) that render the communication between families and their support network less than effective. Through participatory approaches, I then design and evaluate separately, two systems to mitigate the barriers and improve communication in the various support networks. The end contributions of my work include: i) contributing a nascent agenda on migration for Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and related fields through providing an increased understanding of the challenges that limit the livelihoods of migration-separated and refugee families; ii) demonstrating two communication scaffolding systems for transient use by migrants to mitigate communication barriers--- time and distance on one hand (to support transnational home-school communication) and language and literacy on the other (through mediated human-in-the-loop voice translations for everyday interactions with refugees); iii) putting forth a reflection on methods to guide others seeking to work with similar groups and establishing the notion of designing for transient use in the development of systems to scaffold communication.
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Nyrén, Emma. "“The Voice of the Voiceless” : News production and journalistic practice at Al Jazeera English." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Socialantropologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-116239.
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Abstract This thesis explores how the cultural and social media environments surrounding the journalism of Al Jazeera English are shaped by and shape the channel’s news practices. Al Jazeera English has been described as a contra-flow news organization in the global media landscape and this thesis discusses the different reasons why the channel is described in this way by looking at its origins, aims, characteristics and ideals. Based on interviews with Al Jazeera English journalists, news observations and two field observations in London, I argue that Al Jazeera English brings cultural and social sensitivity to its news reports by engaging with multiple in-depth perspectives, using local reporters and integrating citizen generated material. The channel’s early adoption of online technologies and citizen journalism also contributes to a more democratic news direction and gives the channel a wider spectrum of opinions and perspectives to choose between. By applying a comparative analysis built on similar studies within anthropology of news journalism differences and similarities within the journalistic practices can be detected, comparing Al Jazeera English’s journalism with journalism at other places and news organizations. These comparisons and discussions enables new understandings for how news is produced and negotiated within the global media landscape, and this gives the global citizen an improved comprehension of why the news, which shapes our appreciation of the world, looks like it does. In conclusion, this awareness opens up for a discussion towards a societal transformation that gives space for a more multifaceted journalism distancing itself from one-sided perspectives and institutional censoring.
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Hellman, David. "Managing the Expectations of Voice-Controlled Access Solutions." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161430.
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Voice is the primary tool of communication to a majority of people on earth. Humans are wired to process speech, meaning voice interaction require little cognitive effort. Advancements in voice technology over the last 20 years have seen an increased prevalence of voice-controlled applications. However, false expectations can potentially cause severe interaction deficiencies to many of these voice user interfaces. One of the many application areas being connected to voice is access solutions such as smart locks. With a fundamental value proposition of keeping people and their belongings safe and secure in convenient ways, access solutions require that many of the design decisions are delicate. The present thesis aimed to evaluate how expectations of access solutions in home environments can be affected by different voice attributes. A literature study was conducted to explore the rich body of research on the topic of voice technology and the psychological effects of synthesized speech. Based on the literature study, a design process with recognized methods for developing voice user interfaces was conducted. The design process led up to a Wizard of Oz test that was used to evaluate how different conversational strategies and voices affected expectations and perception of a voice-controlled smart lock. The results showed that choosing an appropriate conversational style is fundamental to provide users with a sense of control. Furthermore, the study provided insight on how previous experience of interacting with voice-controlled devices have an impact on the feeling of personalization in gendered synthesized voices. Finally, the study discusses some ethical considerations that have to be made when designing voice user interfaces that ultimately should provide value to users, not confine their privacy.Röst är den primära kommunikationskällan för de flesta människorna på jorden. Förmågan att bearbeta tal är något människor föds med, vilket gör att interaktion genom röst kräver liten kognitiv ansträngning. Framsteg inom röstteknologi under de senaste 20 åren har lett till ett ökat utbud av röststyrda applikationer. För många av dessa röststyrda applikationer existerar en risk att falska förväntningar leder till avsevärt försämrad interaktion. Ett av många applikationsområden där röst börjar framträda är accesslösningar såsom smarta lås. Med sitt fundamentala värde att hålla människor och deras tillgångar trygga och säkra utan att kompromissa enkelheten, kräver utformningen av accesslösningar flera delikata beslut. Därmed har studien ämnat att utvärdera hur användares förväntningar på röststyrda accesslösningar påverkas av röstattribut. För att undersöka och öka förståelsen av röstteknologi och de psykologiska effekterna av tal, genomfördes en litteraturstudie av existerande forskning initialt. Baserat på fynden i litteraturstudien startades sedan en designprocess för utveckling av ett röstgränssnitt. Erkända metoder användes för framtagandet av ett användarvänligt gränssnitt. Designprocessen låg till grund för ett Wizard of Oz test där olika konversationsstrategier och röster påverkade förväntningar av och uppfattningen av ett röststyrt smart lås. Resultaten visar att det är fundamentalt att välja en passande konversationsstil för att ge användare en känsla av kontroll. Studien påvisade även hur tidigare erfarenheter av röststyrda applikationer påverkar förväntningar av andra röststyrda applikationer och gör dem mer eller mindre personliga. Vidare diskuteras etiska avvägningar som måste göras när man designar röstgränssnitt som ska medföra användarvärde och inte inskränka användarnas integritet.
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Zapata, Rojas Julian. "Traduction dictée interactive : intégrer la reconnaissance vocale à l’enseignement et à la pratique de la traduction professionnelle." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23227.
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Translation dictation (TD) is a translation technique that was widely used before professional translators’ workstations witnessed the massive influx of typewriters and personal computers. In the current era of globalization and of information and communication technologies (ICT), and in response to the growing demand for translation, certain translators and translator trainers throughout the world are seeking to (re)integrate dictation into the translation practice. Contrary to a few decades ago, when the transcription of translated texts was typically carried out by professional typists, the translation industry is currently turning to voice recognition (VR) technologies—that is, computer tools that serve to transcribe dictations automatically. Although off-the-shelf VR systems are not specifically conceived for professional translation purposes, they already seem to provide a more ergonomic and efficient approach, for those translators who are already using them, than does the conventional method, i.e., typing on a computer keyboard. This thesis introduces the notion of Interactive Translation Dictation (ITD), a translation technique that involves interaction with a VR system. The literature review conducted for this research indicated that integrating VR technologies into the practice of translation is not new; however, it showed that past efforts have proved unsuccessful. Moreover, an analysis of the needs of translators who use VR systems shed light on why translators have turned to VR software and what their opinions of these tools are. This analysis also allowed us to identify the challenges that VR technology currently presents for professional translation. This thesis is intended as a first step towards developing translation tools that are both ergonomic, i.e., that take into account the human factor, and efficient, allowing translators to meet the needs of the current translation market. The thesis also advocates a renewal of translator training programs. Integrating ITD into translation training and practice means (re)integrating spoken translation techniques that were used in the past and VR technologies that are now emerging. For such integration to be effective, significant technical, cognitive and pedagogical challenges will first need to be overcome.La traduction dictée (TD) est une technique de traduction amplement utilisée avant l’arrivée massive des machines à écrire et des ordinateurs personnels sur les postes de travail des traducteurs professionnels. À l’heure actuelle, devant la demande croissante de traduction à l’ère de la mondialisation et des technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC), certains traducteurs en exercice et des formateurs en traduction du monde entier considèrent la (ré)intégration de la TD à la pratique traductive. Contrairement à la méthode d’il y a quelques décennies, où la transcription des traductions était normalement produite par un copiste professionnel, on considère l’utilisation des technologies de reconnaissance vocale (RV) : des outils informatiques pouvant prendre en charge la transcription de dictées. Bien que les systèmes de RV sur le marché ne soient pas adaptés à la pratique de la traduction spécifiquement, ils semblent apporter, à ceux qui les utilisent déjà, une approche plus ergonomique et plus efficace que la méthode conventionnelle, c’est-à-dire la saisie au clavier d’ordinateur. La présente thèse introduit la notion de traduction dictée interactive (TDI) comme technique de traduction en interaction avec un système de RV. Lors de la revue de la littérature pour le présent projet, nous avons constaté que l’intérêt à intégrer la RV à la traduction professionnelle n’est pas nouveau, mais que les efforts précédents n’ont pas connu de succès définitif. Également, une analyse des besoins de certains traducteurs utilisant des systèmes de RV nous a éclairé sur la nature des motivations de ces traducteurs à se tourner vers la RV, sur leurs opinions vis-à-vis de cette dernière et sur les difficultés que posent les systèmes de RV pour les tâches d’ordre traductif. Notre thèse se veut un premier pas vers la conception d’outils d’aide à la traduction à la fois ergonomiques, c’est-à-dire prenant en compte le facteur humain, et efficaces, permettant de combler les besoins actuels du marché de la traduction. Elle se veut également une proposition de renouvèlement des programmes de formation à la traduction. Intégrer la TDI à la formation et à la pratique traductives, c’est (ré)intégrer des techniques de traduction orale utilisées par le passé et des technologies émergentes de RV. Et pour que cette intégration soit optimale, des défis importants d’ordre technique, cognitif et pédagogique restent à être surmontés.
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Superti, Pantoja Luiza. "Play-based design: participatory design method for developing technologies with 3 and 4 year-old children." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/7033.
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Young children in the United States are widely using technology at ages 3 and 4, but to date there are no well documented participatory design methods for including this age group in the development of technologies. A few attempts at using methods designed for older children were unsuccessful. To address this gap in methods, this research developed Play-based Design, a novel participatory design method inspired by make-believe play in the style of Tools of the Mind, an evidence-based preschool curriculum.
Play-based Design first sets the context for play and design through stories. It then enables children to plan play by selecting roles and contribute their ideas as they act and speak during make-believe play activities in which they interact with other children, voice agents, adult facilitators, and generic props. This research includes four sets of design sessions with 3-4 year old children. The first provided the design of StoryCarnival a web-based app to set up Tools of the Mind style play. The second set of design sessions led my research team through the development of voice agents to support Tools of the Mind style play as it happens. These two sets of sessions provided inspiration and insight for using StoryCarnival combined with voice agents to support design activities for technologies with physical and social components. The last two sets of sessions gave me an opportunity to understand whether Play-based Design could be applied to obtain design requirements from children for technology unrelated to make-believe play by focusing on obtaining ideas for Internet-of-Things applications in the home.
The research presented in this dissertation required an interdisciplinary journey through child development theories, storytelling for children, graphic design, qualitative methods, software development, and related approaches from the literature. Participant observations, group discussions, and video analysis were used to collect and analyze data. Results from the last two sets of design sessions focused on obtaining ideas for Internet-of-Things technologies to provide evidence that Play-based Design can enable 3-4 year old children to contribute their ideas to the design of technologies. More specifically, in this dissertation, I provide supporting evidence for my thesis statement: “When applied to participatory design sessions with young children, Play-based Design can: (1) allow young children to express their ideas through make-believe play, which is a developmentally appropriate activity; (2) enable children to act out design ideas or verbally express them by conversing with researchers or voice agents; (3) support fluid communication between adult researchers and children; and (4) inform the design of technologies that facilitate activities that have social and physical components (e.g. tangible user interfaces, voice agents, IoT).”
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Arifin, Anisa Aini. "Always Listening? : An Exploratory Study of the Perceptions of Voice Assistant Technology in Indonesia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414173.
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Voice assistant technology on smartphones, smart speakers, or those on the wearable devices is one of the fastest-growing artificial intelligence applications in the market now. However, with the potential ethical issues related to the voice technology, it still has not been extensively covered in major markets such as Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to explore Indonesians’ perception of voice assistant technology, mainly focusing on whether ethical concerns might play a role in their adoption and use of the technology. Firstly, the picture of the discussion about voice assistants and the possibilities of ethical issues is surrounding the technology in the Indonesian landscape by media is presented using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The findings indicate that educational and informative material has a wider resonance compared to ethical concerns and the downsides received from the technology. Secondly, the study also explored the motivations to adopt and use the technology, focusing on whether ethical concerns might play a role in their perception of the technology, attitude, and experience toward voice assistants through semi-structured interviews. The data, then, was analyzed using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). It shows that the users who perceive the voice assistant useful or easy to use still use it to a varying extent. It indicates that TAM variables are not fully explaining the adoption of technology. Adding an ethical framework, we can see that most of the users do not have enough knowledge of the technology they use. It resonates with the portrayal of the subject in media. However, those who are unaware of or neglect the situation to adopt and use the technology still use voice technology influenced by peer pressure, their respect for authority, and other rationalization behavior. Meanwhile, mediation theory explores the influence of the human- technology relationship on the ethical behavior of the users. It also explains that the relation between technology and users is an alterity relationship.
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Begen, Ali C. "Enhancing the Multimedia Experience in Emerging Networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14010.
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As multimedia processing and networking technologies, products and services evolve, the number of users communicating, collaborating and entertaining over the IP networks is growing rapidly. With the emergence of pervasive and ubiquitous multimedia services, this proliferation creates an abundant increase in the amount of the Internet backbone traffic. This brings the problem of efficient transmission of real-time and time-sensitive media content to the fore. Effective multimedia services demand appropriate application-specific and media-aware solutions, without which the full benefits of such services will not be realized. Poor approaches often lead to system performance degradations such as unacceptable presentation quality perceived by the users, possible network collapses due to the high-bandwidth nature of the multimedia applications, and poor performance observed by other data-oriented applications due to the unresponsiveness of multimedia flows.
From a networking perspective, traditional approaches consider the application data as "sacred" and do not differentiate any part of it from the rest. While this keeps the data-delivery mechanisms, namely, the transport-layer protocols, as plain as possible, it also precludes these mechanisms from interpreting the media content and tailoring their actions according to the importance of the content. Given that this naive approach cannot satisfy the specific needs of each and every one of the today's emerging applications ranging from videotelephony to video-on-demand, from distance education to telemedicine, from remote surveillance to online video gaming, the study of Multimedia Transport Protocols (MMTP) is overdue.
An MMTP solution basically integrates the multimedia content information into the responsible data-delivery mechanisms along with the requirements of the invoking application and network characteristics to deliver the highest level of service quality. In other words, an MMTP solution offers a unified environment where all cooperating protocol components interact with each other and make the best use of this collaboration to fulfill their respective duties. The focus of this thesis is on the design and evaluation of a set of end-to-end and system-level MMTP solutions for scalable, reliable, and high quality multimedia services in ever-changing, complex and heterogeneous computing and communication environments.
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Metcalfe, Christina. "Chatbot or voice assistant in a help desk application? : A study of users’ experiences and preferences." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185335.
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Companies across a wide range of business areas are working hard to fulfill users wishes to speak to digital voice assistants. The trend of replacing chatbots in favour for voice assistants carries a risk of companies not considering which applications will actually benefit from getting a voice user interface (VUI) resulting in poor user experience. This thesis aims to investigate which help desk support task will benefit from being implemented in a VUI. By following the Service Design methodology, research on the topic has been conducted and a prototype has been build and tested on a target audience. The results from a user study were evaluated and conclusions have been drawn about which tasks are best suited for being handled by a digital voice assistant. Two kinds of help desk tasks were evaluated in a user study to compared users experience of the current text based digital assistant with a prototype of a voice based assistant. The aim of the user study was to find which task would benefit from becoming voice based by looking at users acceptance level and over all experience. The results from the user study showed that employees who use the current text based assistant for help desk tasks, will not choose to speak to a digital voice assistant because they are happy with the service available today. However, employees who don’t use the current text based assistant, will find the digital voice assistant useful. It was also found that short executing tasks such as unlocking accounts, are a better fit for the VUI compared to longer interactions providing information. Two conclusions were drawn, peoples’ preferences are different, meaning that it should be possible to interact with both a text based and voice based assistant when performing help desk tasks. Secondly, the voice based assistant should be implemented as a function in the help desk phone queue instead of being implemented in a browser. Because the users argued that they would be more comfortable speaking to a phone then to a screen.Företag i alla branscher jobbar hårt för att uppfylla sina användaresönskan om att interagera med röstassistenter. Trenden att byta en chattbot mot en röstassistent medför en risk att företag inte tar hänsyn till huruvida en tjänst faktiskt drar nytta av att göras om till ett röstbaserat användargränssnitt, vilket kan resultera i en försämrad användarupplevelse. Denna uppsats undersöker vilka funktioner i en kundtjänst som skulle gagnas av att implementeras i ett röstbaserat användargr ̈anssnitt. Genom att använda Service Design modellens forsknings- och idé-genererings fas har en röstbaserad prototyp tagits fram och testats på målgruppen. Resultaten från användarstudien har utvärderats och slutsatser har formulerats. Två typer av kundtjänstfunktioner har undersökts i en användarstudie som jämfört användarnas upplevelse av den befintliga chatbotten och en röstassistentsprototyp. Målet med användarstudien var att definiera vilka kundtjänstfunktioner som skulle gynnas av att bli röstbaserade genom att titta på användarnas acceptansnivå och övergripande upplevelse. Resultaten visar att, användare som idag använder, och är nöjda med, chatbotten förmodligen inte kommer att ersätta denna med röstassistenten. Samtidigt som användaren som idag inte använder chatbotten kan tänka sig att använda röstassistenten istället för att ringa till kundtjänsten. En annan upptäckt från användarstudien var att funktioner som utför en uppgift, så som att låsa upp ett konto, passar bättre i ett röstbaserat sammanhang i jämförelse med när längre information ska förmedlas. Slutligen formulerades två slutsatser. För det första, olika personer har olika preferenser, det borde alltså vara möjligt att interagera med både chatbotten och röstassistenten för kundtjänstärenden. För det andra, röstassistenten borde implementeras som en plugin som användaren kan utnyttja när denne sitter i telefonkön till kundtjänsten snarare än en egen funktion i på den befintliga hemsida. Detta på grund av att användarna uttryckte att det är mer bekväma med att prata i telefon snarare än till en skärm.
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Ringelienė, Živilė. "Programinė įranga kompiuterio valdymui balsu." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080924_182111-55003.
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Magistro darbe pristatoma sukurta programa, realizuojanti interneto naršyklės valdymą balsu. Ši programa papildo atskirų žodžių prototipinę atpažinimo sistemą, pagrįstą paslėptaisiais Markovo modeliais (PMM). Šios dvi dalys ir sudaro interneto naršyklės valdymo balsu prototipą, kuris gali atpažinti 71 komandą (vienas arba du žodžiai) lietuvių kalba: 1 komandą, skirtą naršyklės atvėrimui, 54 naršyklės valdymo komandas, 16 komandų, atveriančių konkrečius iš anksto sistemai nurodytus tinklalapius. Darbe aprašytas lietuvių kalbos atskirų žodžių atpažinimo sistemos akustinių modelių, grįstų paslėptaisiais Markovo modeliais, rinkinių eksperimentinis tyrimas. Atsižvelgiant į įvairius atpažinimui turinčius įtakos veiksnius (mokymo duomenų kiekį, mišinio komponenčių skaičių, kalbėtojo lytį, skirtingos techninės įrangos naudojimą atpažinime), buvo sukurti skirtingi balso komandų akustinių modelių rinkiniai. Eksperimentinio tyrimo metu buvo tiriama šių rinkinių panaudojimo atpažinimo sistemoje įtaka sistemos atpažinimo tikslumui. Eksperimentinio tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad interneto naršyklės valdymo balsu sistemos prototipo atpažinimo tikslumas siekia 98%. Sistema gali būti naudojama kaip vaizdinė priemonė vyresniųjų klasių moksleiviams informacinių technologijų, fizikos, psichologijos, matematikos pamokose.The thesis presents a prototype of the software (system) for Web browser control by voice. The prototype consists of two parts: the Hidden Markov Models based word recognition system and the program, which implements browser control by voice commands and is integrated in the word recognition system. The prototype is a speaker-independent Lithuanian word (voice commands) recognition system and can recognize 71 voice commands: 1 command is intended to run browser, 54 commands – for browser control, and 16 commands – to open various user predefined websites. Taking into account various factors (amount of training data, number of Gaussian mixture components, gender of speaker, use of different hardware for recognition) which have impact on recognition, different sets of acoustic models of Lithuanian voice commands were created and trained. An experimental investigation of the influence of the sets usage in Lithuanian word recognition system on the word recognition accuracy was performed. The results of the experimental investigation showed that created prototype system achieves 98% word recognition accuracy. The prototype system can be used at secondary school as a visual speech recognition learning tool in the informatics, physics, psychology, and mathematics lessons for the pupils of senior classes.
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Večeřa, Stanislav. "Návrh řešení automatické identifikace v logistickém centru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222560.
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The master's thesis describes working procedures of the pharmaceutical warehousing and distribution, analyses actual methods of communication and identification and shows the weaknesses of this system. The work offers possible innovations, actual trends in the field of the automatic identification, warehouse management and proposes taking advantage of combination of voice recognition and bar-codes system. The thesis describes the new technology implementation, continuing the current practice and update of standard operating procedures.
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Marshall, Susan LaVonne. "Concept of Operations (CONOPS) for foreign language and speech translation technologies in a coalition military environment." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FMarshall.pdf.
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De, Simone Cristina. "Proféractions ! : poésie en action à Paris (1946-1969)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100089.
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Cette étude propose une histoire des pratiques qui, à Paris, entre 1946 et 1969, ont lié poésie et performance et fait de la profération leur champ d’investigation principal. À partir de l’observation des manifestations publiques d’Antonin Artaud en 1946-47, de l’irruption en ces mêmes années du mouvement lettriste à Saint-Germain-des-Prés, de l’arrivée de la Beat Generation à la fin des années 1950, et des différents événements organisés par Jean-Jacques Lebel, Jean-Clarence Lambert et Henri Chopin durant les années 1960, cette thèse analyse les pratiques qui ont agité le champ artistique durant deux décennies et préparé l’imaginaire et le terrain revendicatif de Mai 68.En reprenant le flambeau des avant-gardes du début du XXe siècle, ces expériences, traversées par le faisceau de problématiques et de propositions ouvert par Artaud après guerre, aspirent à une poésie définie comme action et cherchent à relier art, vie et politique à travers une seule et même forme d’engagement. Ouvrant plusieurs chantiers qui prennent appui sur autant de refus : celui du livre, celui du spectacle, celui du langage comme propagande politique et publicitaire, elles placent l’ « engagement physique » du poète, à la fois auteur et performeur, au centre de leurs préoccupations et mettent en place un vaste champ d’expérimentations, notamment à travers l’utilisation du magnétophone qui marque la naissance de la « poésie sonore », avec les cut-ups de Brion Gysin et William S. Burroughs, les audiopoèmes de Henri Chopin, les mégapneumes de Gil J Wolman, les crirythmes de François Dufrêne, les poèmes-partitions de Bernard Heidsieck.En retraçant les trajectoires mais aussi leur croisement et en analysant les prises de position et les différentes stratégies, ce travail observe et questionne l’émergence et l’évolution de la figure du « poète-performeur », son savoir-faire scénique et ses aspirations ; il s’attache à des pratiques – encore méconnues (voire évincées) du domaine des Études théâtrales – qui continuent à irriguer de leur inventivité la scène performative et théâtrale d’aujourd’huiThis study examines the history of practices in Paris between 1946 and 1969 that brought poetry and performance together and made proféraction their main field of investigation. Beginning with observations on the public performances of Antonin Artaud in 1946-47, and the sudden appearance in those same years of the Lettrist movement, continuing with the arrival of the Beat Generation at the end of the 1950’s, followed by the various events organised by Jean-Jacques Lebel, Jean-Clarence Lambert and Henri Chopin in the 1960’s, this work analyses practices that stirred the world of the arts over two decades and influenced the collective imagination, sowing the seeds of the social activism of May 68.By taking up the torch of early 20th Century avant-gardistes, these endeavours, illumined by the array of questions and proposals that Artaud ignited after the war, sought to create poetry as action and to link art, life and politics in a single form of engagement.Work went forward in several fields, often based on rejection of the conventional: in regard to books, to performing arts, to language as a tool for propaganda and advertising. The “physical engagement” of the poet, both author and performer, became the centre of their preoccupations and created a wide open space for experimentation, in particular: through the use of the tape recorder, bringing about “sound poetry”, with Brion Gysin’s and William S. Burroughs’ cut-ups; Henri Chopin’s audiopoèmes; the mégapneumes of Gil J Wolman; the crirythmes of François Dufrêne; and Bernard Heidsieck’s poèmes-partitions.By marking out the different trajectories and the points where they intersect, by analysing the statements and positions and different strategies, this work observes and questions the emergence and evolution of the figure of the “poet-performer”, his theatrical skills and aspirations; it sheds new light on practices – as yet little recognized by (even banished from) the field of Theatre Studies – that continue to provide a source of innovative inspiration to the world of performance and theatre today
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Timan, Jesper. "Creating Natural Variation in Game Dialogue." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för konst, kommunikation och lärande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74142.
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The interactive and non-linear aspects of video games bring forth the problem of repetition.In game sound, dialogue is particularly susceptible to repetition because of our hearing’ssensitivity to human speech. The most common way to avoid repetition in game dialogue isto record multiple takes of every phrase as to have several naturally varied samples, whereasthis study explores the possibility to create these natural variations by manipulation of pitchand/or time of one recorded phrase using a readily available software. A listening test wasconducted where 23 subjects rated the variation, naturalness and artifacts of a recordedspoken phrase where three altered versions manipulated by altering the pitch, timing and bothpitch and timing where compared to the original recording, examining which manipulationtype yielded the most variation while also considering the naturalness and artifacts. Arepeated measures factorial ANOVA and pairwise comparisons showed a significantdifference between all manipulation types regarding the three dependent variables. Theresults show that the pitch manipulated sample had the best compromise between perceivedvariation, naturalness and artifacts, and would therefore be the recommended method forcreating variation of recorded dialogue.
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Djouonang, Lucas. "La rencontre des technologies locales et des technologies importées en pays moins industrialisés : le cas des technologies agricoles au Cameroun." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100105.
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Ouzunidis, Dimitrios. "L'accès des pays en développement à la technologie : capacité de négociation et potentiel scientifique national." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100108.
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Le transfert de technologie du centre vers la périphérie ne peut se réaliser que grâce à une coopération active avec les multinationales. La capacité de négociation conduisant à cette coopération est d'autant plus importante que le potentiel scientifique et technique des pays périphériques est quantitativement et qualitativement développé. Celui-ci mobilise par l'état a pour objet d'acquérir les savoirs et techniques du centre. Mais dans le contexte de la dépendance politico-économique envers le centre, l'efficacité des ressources scientifiques et techniques de la périphérie est limitée. La technologie en tant que capital, en tant que rapport social ne pourra se développer dans les pays pauvres d'aujourd'hui que dans la mesure où ceux-ci maitrisent les conditions de sa mise au point et de son application. La réponse à la dépendance ne pourra alors être que politique; d'où la "déconnexion" politico-économique par rapport aux normes de reproduction dominantes du système capitaliste mondialThe cooperation between the firms of developing countries and the transnational corporations is necessary for the realitization of technology transfer. This cooperation is determined by the political negotiation capacity and the scientific and technical potential of the peripheral countries. But in the context of political dependence the efficiency of this potential is limited. The technology as capital, as relation between capital and work would be developed in the poor countries in the follow case: these countries must control the conditions in another social context of the development, application and utilization, thus reproduction of knowledge and technics. Thus, the response to the scientific development is a political response. The developing countries must change their social paradigm for to establish their social norms coming from their historical dynamics
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Bengtsson, Camilla, and Caroline Englund. "“Do you want to take a short survey?” : Evaluating and improving the UX and VUI of a survey skill in the social robot Furhat: a qualitative case study." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76923.
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The purpose of this qualitative case study is to evaluate an early stage survey skill developed for the social robot Furhat, and look into how the user experience (UX) and voice user interface (VUI) of that skill can be improved. Several qualitative methods have been used: expert evaluations using heuristics for human-robot interaction (HRI), user evaluations including observations and interviews, as well as a quantitative questionnaire (RoSAS – Robot Social Attribution Scale). The empirical findings have been classified into the USUS Evaluation Framework for Human-Robot Interaction. The user evaluations were performed in two modes, one group of informants talked and interacted with Furhat with the support of a graphical user interface (GUI), and the other group without the GUI. A positive user experience was identified in both modes, showing that the informants found interacting with Furhat a fun, engaging and interesting experience. The mode with the supportive GUI could be suitable in noisy environments, and for longer surveys with many response alternatives to choose from, whereas the other mode could work better for less noisy environments and for shorter surveys. General improvements that can contribute to a better user experience in both modes were found; such as having the robot adopt a more human-like character when it comes to the dialogue and the facial expressions and movements, along with addressing a number of technical and usability issues.Syftet med den här kvalitativa fallstudien är att utvärdera en enkätskill för den sociala roboten Furhat. Förutom utvärderingen av denna skill, som är i ett tidigt skede av utvecklingen, är syftet även att undersöka hur användarupplevelsen (UX) och röstgränssnittet (VUI) kan förbättras. Olika kvalitativa metoder har använts: expertutvärderingar med heuristik för MRI (människa-robot-interaktion), användarutvärderingar bestående av observationer och intervjuer, samt ett kvantitativt frågeformulär (RoSAS – Robot Social Attribution Scale). Resultaten från dessa har placerats in i ramverket USUS Evaluation Framework for Human- Robot Interaction. Användarutvärderingarna utfördes i två olika grupper: en grupp pratade och interagerade med Furhat med stöd av ett grafiskt användargränssnitt (GUI), den andra hade inget GUI. En positiv användarupplevelse konstaterades i båda grupperna: informanterna tyckte att det var roligt, engagerande och intressant att interagera med Furhat. Att ha ett GUI som stöd kan passa bättre för bullriga miljöer och för längre enkäter med många svarsalternativ att välja bland, medan ett GUI inte behövs för lugnare miljöer och kortare enkäter. Generella förbättringar som kan bidra till att höja användarupplevelsen hittades i båda grupperna; till exempel att roboten bör agera mer människolikt när det kommer till dialogen och ansiktsuttryck och rörelser, samt att åtgärda ett antal tekniska problem och användbarhetsproblem.
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Raffo, Julio Diego. "Innovation environment in developing countries : a micro-econometric study about the role of the abroad." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131022.
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Cette étude examine empiriquement le phénomène d'innovation au sein des entreprises de pays en développement. Des exemples concrets sont fournis sur le comportement technologique de ces entreprises dans un système d'innovation désarticulé, avec une attention particulière donnée au rôle de l'international en tant que mécanisme de contrepoids. La notion d'international est étudiée dans un sens large, en prenant la forme la forme de multinationales étrangères, la demande externe ou même des institutions de recherche publique. Les principaux résultats portent sur cinq dimensions essentielles : (1) la capacité de l'entreprise à mettre en place une fonction de connaissance ; (2) sa dépendance aux technologies étrangères ; (3) le marché externe comme catalyseur de l’innovation technologique ; (4) la production publique de sciences et de technologies ; et (5) les interactions technologiques. A chaque fois, les résultats suggèrent que l’analyse de la dynamique des systèmes d'innovation et leurs interactions ne peut être menée au niveau local ou national, mais doit inclure l’internationalThis study explores empirically the innovation process at the firm level in developing countries. Concrete evidence is provided on the technological behaviour of firms under a disarticulated innovation system, with particular attention to the role of the abroad as a counterbalancing mechanism of such disarticulation. The concept of abroad is investigated in a large sense, allowing it to take the shape of foreign MNEs, external demand or even public research institutions. The main results address five crucial dimensions: (1) the firm’s ability to put in place a knowledge function; (2) the firm’s dependency to foreign technologies; (3) the external market as a technology driver; (4) the domestic public creation of technology; and, (5) the technological interactions between public and private actors. Evidence on all these dimensions goes in the same direction: the analysis of an innovation system and its interactions should not be bounded to the local or national level but it should necessarily include the international dimension
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Ben, Slimane Bouajina Sonia. "Impact des alliances sur le développement et la dynamique de la capacité d'absorption technologique des entreprises du sud : cas des entreprises tunisiennes." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090060.
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La question relative à la dynamique d’absorption technologique engendrée par les alliances s’est limitée, dans les travaux théoriques, aux pays développés. Ceux-ci mettent l’accent sur le rôle des coopérations technologiques sur la dynamique d’absorption. Les alliances industrielles sont considérées seulement, comme moyen de transfert unilatéral des technologies extérieures. Le rattrapage technologique enregistré par certains PED pose la question du rôle que joueraient les alliances industrielles dans le développement et la dynamique de la capacité d’absorption technologique dans les entreprises. Ainsi, notre cas empirique – qui s’inscrit dans un contexte d’accords Nord-Sud - se propose de déterminer si les effets des alliances se prêtent à l’application et à l’adoption dans le contexte des pays en développement. Au terme de l’analyse empirique, nous dressons une synthèse des méthodes utilisées ainsi que des résultats obtenusThe question related to the dynamic of absorptive capacity in context of alliances is still remaining restricted in theory to developed countries. The theory, insist exclusively, on the role of technological cooperation on developing absorptive capacity. The industrial alliances are considered as only a way to technology transfer, incorporated in machines. But the success stories of new emergent countries expect us to explore the relation between industrial alliances and the development on technological absorptive capacity. In the context on Integration process North-South, to build a commercial and technological zone of integration (Euro-Med), our case tend to analyse not only, the interdependence between initial capabilities, and the absorptive capacity in context on alliances, but also, the role of factors which influence the dynamic of this capacity
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Šaltis, Arūnas. "Radijo technologijos vartotojų prieigų tinkluose." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2004. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2004~D_20041004_115308-31537.
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Ben, Hammūda Ḥakīm. "Exportations Sud-Sud de technologies : conséquences de la crise ou effets du développement." Grenoble 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE21017.
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La decennie 70 a connu l'emergence d'un certain nombre de phenomenes nouveaux dont l'evolution des rythmes d'accumulation dans la peripherie, l'accroissement sensible des exportations sud-sud, l'augmentation de la part des produits manufactures dans les echanges nordsud. . . Comment analyser ces nouveaux phenomenes? sont-ils la consequence de la crise ou le resultat du developpement ? cette interrogation constitue le centre de notre reflexion dans ce travail de recherche. Pour y apporter quelques elements de reponse nous avons choisi de privilegier les exportations sud-sud de technologie comme mouvement representatif de l'evolution du sud dans la premiere phase de la crise du mode de regulation. On peut dire que si l'emergence des exportations sud-sud de technologie trouve son explication dans le processus de structuration des coherences techniques, la logique de ces exportations est la manifestation du caractere encore destructure de ces coherencesA number of new phenomena appeared in the seventies among which we can list the evolution of the rythm of accumulation in the periphery, the fair increase in south-south exports, the rising share of manufactured products in north-south exchanges. . . How can we analyse these new phenomena and can we say that they are the consequence of the crisis or the result of development ? in order to bring forward some explanatory answers we chose to study the south-south exports of technology as being the representative expression of the evolution of the south in the first phase of the crisis of the mode of the regulation. We can say that if the rise of south-south exports of technology can be explained by the process of structuration of technical capacity, the logic of these exports, expresses its unfinished characteristic
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Santa, Cruz Portal Hilda. "La technologie appropriée : une stratégie alternative pour les pays en voie de développement." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100072.
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Nous avons divisé nos recherches en trois parties : d'abord une critique du transfert de technologie, puis les avantages apportés par la technologie au tiers monde, et enfin les conditions rendues nécessaires pour que la technologie puisse être un véritable facteur de développement. Depuis plus de vingt ans les résultats de l'acquisition des technologies étrangères suscitent de nombreuses controverses. A savoir : la dépendance excessive des pays en voie de développement envers les pays industrialisés, l'apport de certaines technologies rendues aujourd'hui obsolètes, l'absence de sélectivité de ces dernières et leur inadaptation aux terrains. D'autre part les pays en voie de développement doivent s'endetter à l'extérieur ou accepter l'entrée massive de capitaux étrangers. Face à l'ensemble de ces problèmes, le tiers monde ressent le besoin crucial de retrouver son identité, l'unité de son processus historique et la possibilité de pouvoir diriger leur avenir, en proposant des conditions favorables à la création de technologies locales originales; s'appuyant sur un développement authentique et endogène ayant pour base la culture de son peuple, pour centre l'homme lui-même et pour finalité leur projet de civilisation. Le choix des technologies appropriées est la conséquence naturelle d’une stratégie de développement spécifique, mais il intervient non seulement dans l'accélération du processus de développement, mais aussi dans l'instauration d'un nouvel ordre économique international par conséquent, l'objet de ce travail a consisté à cerner l'ensemble du tiers monde posés par la technologie et ainsi de susciter à la fois réflexion et débat dans le but d'aider à régler cet épineux problèmeWe have divided our study into three parts: first a critique of technology transfer; then; an evaluation of the advantages which appropriate technologies have brought to the third world; finally, an analysis of the conditions which permit appropriate technologies to be a real factor of development. The question of the impact of foreign technologies has been a highly controversial one for more than twenty years. Among the criticisms are the following: the excessive dependence of the developing countries on the developed countries; the contribution of certain technologies which have now been rendered obsolete; the absence of selectivity regarding these technologies and their lack of adaptability to the situation. Furthermore, the developing countries must become heavily indebted, or they must accept the entry of foreign capitals on a massive scale. Faced with the totality of these problems, the third world is experiencing the crucial necessity of rediscovering its identity by means of proposing favorable conditions for the creation of original local technologies. The third world must rely on an authentic and indigenous development based upon the culture of its people with the goal of focusing on the human being and upon realizing their project of civilization. The choice of appropriate technologies is the natural correlative of an appropriate developmental strategy, but it is also relevant to the acceleration of the development process as well as to the installation of a new international economic order. Accordingly, the object of this study is to address the totality of the problems which technology poses for the third world and thereby to elicit both reflection and debate with the goal of helping to solve this thorny problem
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Coudray-Meunier, Coralie. "Virus entériques transmissibles par voie alimentaire : détection, typage, pouvoir infectieux et nouvelles technologies." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0055/document.
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Les principaux virus entériques à l’origine de toxi-infections alimentaires collectives sont les norovirus génogroupes I et II (NoV GI, NoV GII) et le virus de l’hépatite A (VHA) responsables respectivement de gastro-entérites et d’hépatites. Ces virus sont transmissibles par la voie féco-orale directe ou via l’ingestion d’eaux ou d’aliments consommés crus ou peu cuits (coquillages, fruits et légumes). Le niveau de contamination virale des aliments souvent faible nécessite d’utiliser des méthodes de détection très sensibles. La plupart des virus entériques étant non cultivable, ces méthodes reposent sur la détection / quantification des génomes viraux par RT-qPCR ce qui ne permet pas de déterminer l’infectiosité des virus et limite l’appréciation du risque viral en santé publique. Les travaux de thèse visaient à proposer des méthodes moléculaires pour la détection, la quantification et le typage des virus entériques, à évaluer l’apport de nouvelles technologies moléculaires (comme la Digital RT-PCR (RT-dPCR) et la RT-PCR à haut débit) dans le cadre du diagnostic viral dans les aliments et enfin à développer des traitements précédant les réactions de RT-qPCR pour détecter des génomes issus de particules virales infectieuses. Une nouvelle technique d’extraction du VHA à partir de la laitue a été développée et évaluée équivalente à la technique de référence décrite dans les spécifications techniques publiées en 2013 (ISO/TS 15216-1 et 15216-2). Pour favoriser les études phylogénétiques dans le domaine alimentaire, 6 modèles moléculaires de RT-qPCR spécifiques des 6 sous-types humains du VHA (IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB) ont été développés et évalués pour le génotypage d’échantillons cliniques contaminés par le VHA. Ils peuvent être utiles pour tracer les sous-types du VHA dans des échantillons faiblement contaminés comme des matrices alimentaires, mais aussi permettre l'identification de co-infection de l'homme ou de souches de VHA recombinantes. La RT-dPCR en nanofluidique a été comparée à la RT-qPCR pour la quantification des génomes de NoV GI, NoV GII et VHA en présence de 2 contrôles de process (mengovirus et norovirus murin) dans des échantillons de laitues et d’eau embouteillée artificiellement contaminés. Un contrôle externe d’amplification a permis d’évaluer et de comparer l’inhibition des réactions de RT-qPCR et RT-dPCR. Les rendements d’extraction viraux se sont révélés significativement plus élevés après RT-dPCR qu’après RT-qPCR pour les NoV GI et mengovirus dans l'eau et pour les NoV GII et VHA dans les échantillons de laitue. De plus, les essais de RT-dPCR se sont avérés être plus tolérants à la présence de substances inhibitrices issues de laitues. La technologie qPCR en nanofluidique a également été utilisée afin de proposer une « puce » capable de détecter 20 virus entériques. Des limites de détection similaires ont été obtenues avec la qPCR et la dPCR. La qPCR nanofluidique a été trouvé moins sensible d’environ 1 à 3 log10 (du fait des faibles volumes (~nanolitre) d’échantillons analysés). Des prétraitements à base de monoazide +/- détergent à réaliser avant la RT-qPCR pour la détection de virus infectieux (VHA, rotavirus) ont été développés et évalués en réalisant des cinétiques d’inactivations thermiques. [...] Suite et fin du résumé dans la thèseThe main enteric viruses that cause foodborne outbreaks are noroviruses genogroupe I and II (NoV GI and NoV GII) and hepatitis A virus (HAV), respectively responsible for gastroenteritis and hepatitis. They are mainly transmitted via the faecal-oral route either by person-to-person contact or by ingestion of contaminated water, raw and undercooked food, particularly shellfish, soft fruits and vegetables. Viral contamination level is often low and requires sensitive methods of detection. As most enteric viruses are not cultivable, these methods are based on viral genome detection and quantification by real time RT-PCR. Such an approach provides no information regarding virus infectivity and therefore limits viral risk assessment in public health. These thesis works aim to propose molecular methods for enteric viruses detection, quantification and typing, also to evaluate new molecular technologies contribution (as Digital PCR and PCR high throughput) for food viral diagnosis and finally to develop treatments combined with RT-qPCR to only detect genomes from infectious viral particles. A new HAV extraction from lettuce method was developed and assessed as similar to the reference method which is described in the technical specifications published in 2013 (ISO/TS 15216-1; ISO/TS 15216-2). In order to facilitate phylogenetic analysis in food microbiology, six subtype-specific RT-qPCR assays for human HAV (HAV IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB) were developed and evaluated by testing HAV contaminated clinical samples genotyping. These assays may be particularly useful for accurately tracing HAV in low-level contaminated samples such as food matrices and moreover, to allow co-infection identification in human samples and/or HAV recombinant strains. Nanofluidic digital RT-PCR (RT-dPCR) was compared to RT-qPCR for NoV GI, NoV GII, and HAV genomes quantification, in presence of two process controls (mengovirus and murine norovirus) in artificially contaminated bottled water and lettuce samples. External amplification control allowed evaluating and comparing RT-qPCR and RT-dPCR assays inhibitions. Viral recoveries calculated by RT-dPCR were found to be significantly higher than by RT-qPCR for NoV GI and Mengovirus in water, and for NoV GII and HAV in lettuce samples. The RT-dPCR assay proved to be more tolerant to inhibitory substances present in lettuce samples. Nanofluidic PCR Array (PCR Array) has also been used in order to propose an array able to simultaneously detect 20 enteric viruses. Similar detection limits were obtained with qPCR and dPCR but PCR Array was found less sensitive of 1 to 3 log10 (due to the weak volumes (nanolitre) of analyzed samples). Pretreatments based on the use of monoazides +/- surfactant and to do before RT-qPCR were developed for discriminating between infectious and non-infectious particles of HAV and rotavirus. They have been evaluated with thermal inactivation kinetic curves. Last and final summary in the thesis
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Mezouaghi, Mihoub. "Changement technologique et insertion internationale des pays en développement : émergence et diversité des capacités nationales d'absorption technologique." Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40029.
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L'objet de la these est de montrer que l'insertion des pays en developpement dans la division internationale du travail est en partie determinee par la specificite des arrangements institutionnels nationaux tels qu'ils sont refletes par les conditions d'emergence de leur capacite nationale d'absorption technologique. Les specialisations internationales sont apprehendees, de maniere dynamique, comme le resultat d'un processus d'apprentissage et d'accumulation technologique. Le caractere specifique, cumulatif et localise de ce processus conduit a reconnaitre son caractere institue. Cela signifie que l'introduction, l'assimilation et l'adaptation des technologies prennent place dans une infrastructure institutionnelle donnee. La diversite des configurations institutionnelles aptes a induire une absorption des technologies explique l'asymetrie des performances economiques et technologiques entre les nations. La demarche methodologique vise, a la lumiere des enseignements des theories evolutionnistes et institutionnalistes de l'innovation technologique, a construire un cadre conceptuel pour trouver un prealable au systeme national d'innovation. Eu egard au niveau d'industrialisation de ces pays, les interdependances entre les poles d'absorption technologique (educatif, industriel, scientifique et technologique), marginales lorsqu'un pays est dans une phase preliminaire de developpement, sont amenees a s'intensifier au fur et a mesure de leur emergence. La comprehension de la coordination de ces poles, a l'interface des interventions publiques et du marche, s'appuie sur quatre configurations referentielles de la capacite nationale d'absorption technologique (bloquee, rentiere, industrialiste et marchande). La validation empirique a consiste a mettre sur un meme plan, a partir d'une grille d'indicateurs, un large echantillon de pays. Une typologie du degre d'emergence des poles d'absorption technologique peut fournir une premiere explication du blocage de la dynamique d'absorption technologique et de la specialisation durable dans l'exportation de ressources naturelles et de biens a faible contenu technologique. L'amelioration des specialisations internationales peut etre analysee a travers le developpement et l'integration des poles d'absorption technologique.
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Benseba, Djamel. "Le Transfert de la technologie pharmaceutique vers les pays en voie de développement." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375959462.
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Santa, Cruz Portal Hilda. "La Technologie appropriée une stratégie alternative pour les pays en voie de développement /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609655g.
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Benseba, Djamel. "Le transfert de la technologie pharmaceutique vers les pays en voie de développement." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010009.
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L'industrie pharmaceutique offre un exemple saisissant de la situation de dépendance dans laquelle se trouvent les pays en voie de développement. Quelques firmes multinationales originaires des principaux pays développés à économie de marché dominent non seulement la production et la commercialisation de médicaments, mais aussi leur technologie, source de pouvoir de marché. Pour exercer leur contrôle sur les marchés pharmaceutiques des pays en voie de développement, ces grandes sociétés utilisent leur pouvoir technologique, leur maitrise des sources d'approvisionnement en matières premières et substances intermédiaires et celle des réseaux de commercialisation, leur appareil de management, leur facilité d'accès aux marches financiers, etc. . . La capacité industrielle des filiales de firmes multinationales opérant dans ces pays est orientée vers des produits socialement inadaptés aux besoins thérapeutiques locaux, produits consommateurs de substances pharmaceutiques importées à des prix souvent abusifs
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Sastra, Hasan Yudie. "La technologie et la concurrence industrielle : approche d'un pays en développement par la méthode du cadre logique général." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX3A001.
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A l'etape actuelle de privatisation et d'augmentation la competition globale de marche, la plupart des pays en voie de developpement doivent realiser que le developpement d'une technologie appropriee est necessaire pour la survie d'une entreprise. Donc, ils reconnaissent que cette consideration technologique doit etre incorporee correctement au sein de strategies generales en developpant d'un ensemble de clignotants de niveau de technologie qui pourraient etre pour evaluation du developpement de la technologie. Apprecier ainsi le positionnement de technologies par exemple, la position de la technologie leader, technologie de suiveur, technologie d'exploitant et technologie d'extendeur sont necessites tenir compte de maillons entre le developpement et aptitude technologique de strategies. Cette tentative de cadre a integrer affaire et technologie, particulierement dans le contexte de pays en voie de developpement. Commencant avec la consideration des caracteristiques de technologie au niveau ferme, et utilisant l'approche d'analyse a la structure de marche, melanges strategiques possibles sont determines en considerant des strategies d'affaire, et strategies de technologie de positionnement. L'analyse sur des aspects tels que degre de sophistication de composant de technologie, niveau d'aptitude de technologie, le statut d'infrastructure de technologie, et dynamisme de climat de technologie sont accentues. Dans ce travail, nous approchons une methode du cadre de l'evolution de technologie a affronter un environnement competitif, ou le positionnement strategique de developpement technologique, criteres pour situer les strategies et rendements a chaque niveau de ces strategies sont decrits. Dans l'ordre a atteindre les technologies strategiques de developpement, ce modele nous permet analyser des positions de technologiques contre des criteres pour soutenir la position strategique et la possible position strategique alternative pour l'entreprise entrant en la competition globale.
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Attias, Mimoun. "Technologies du savoir et de l'information : effets et impact sur la division internationale du travail." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100091.
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Ce travail devra être considéré comme une interprétation économique d’une vague d’innovation technologique engendrée par la jonction entre l’informatique et les télécommunications. Il comporte deux parties. La première analyse les concepts d’information et étudie sa portée économique. Aussi propose-t-elle une critique de la société d’information tout en s’interrogeant sur la signification de la télématique au sein du capitalisme contemporain. La seconde partie aborde a proprement dit les dimensions internationale de la télématique à travers la problématique des flux transfrontières de donnes. Elle consacrée aux enjeux véhiculés au sein de l’économie mondiale par les réseaux télématiques internationaux. Elle étudie les nouveaux espaces marchands décrétés par l’internationalisation de l’informatique (banques de données internationales, marché international de services informatiques, télédétection) et s’interroge sur l’utilisation de ces nouveaux medias au sein des entreprises transnationales. La phase ultime de cette recherche s’interroge sur les éventuels impacts de ces nouvelles technologies sur la périphérie sous-développée et aborde l’informatisation du Tiers-MondeThis research is basically aiming at understanding the economic stakes conveyed by the merging between informatics and telecommunications made possible by the rapid development of information technology. It comprises two parts. The first one is devoted to the examination of the information concept and its economic nature. Furthermore it intends to be a critical appraisal of the so called information economy but tries also to provide a comprehensive approach of the recent development of information technology within the framework of advanced capitalism. As far as the second part is encored, it enters the topic of transborder data flows focusing mainly on their economic dimension. They are viewed in relationship with the word economy market by the predominance of transnational economic systems. A particular attention is deserved to the use of telematics network by transnational companies. We also stress the existence of new markets and products generated by the penetration of data processing systems with the world economy. A final stage studies the impact of international data transmission of developing economies and discusses briefly the computerization of the Third world
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Sekola, Joseph. "Le transfert de technologie militaire non nucléaire, un aspect des relations Nord-Sud." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR30008.
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Auteur et enjeu de multiples tensions et conflits, le tiers monde tente de résoudre ses problèmes de sécurité en élaborant d'ambitieux programmes d'armement. Par l'acquisition de moyens modernes de combat, les états de la périphérie espèrent se doter d'une défense fiable et efficace, n'accusant plus de retard technologique. Pour éviter le coût politique et financier de tels programmes militaires, de nombreux pays du tiers-monde exigent du fournisseur d'équipements militaires conventionnels une coopération en vue de pouvoir édifier leurs propres industries d'armement. L'achat des armements conventionnels cède ainsi le pas à celui des procédés de production et réactualise le débat entre le nord et le sud sur le transfert de technologie militaire conventionnelle. Ce concept qui s'étend de l'octroi des licences de fabrication permettant l'édification d'industries d'armement à l'étranger ou de la mise en place de systèmes de coproduction dans lesquels les partenaires du sud et du nord s'associent pour la fabrication des différentes composantes d'armement, suppose le respect des différentes étapes du cycle d'apprentissage. En dotant le tiers-monde d'une capacité de réponse technologique, cette pratique peut servir de tremplin à la recherche d'une technologie appropriée. En raison de leur retard technologique et de l'immensité de leurs besoins, l'autodétermination technologique des états de la périphérie est subordonnée à des actions concrètes au niveau sous-régional, national et international. Il s'agit de la formation des cadres scientifiques, de la coopération régionale avec échange de compétences et de l'offensive diplomatique en vue de la révision de la Convention d'union de Paris de 1883 et de l'élaboration d'un code de bonne conduite pour le transfert de technologie. L'industrie d'armement s'érige désormais en un facteur essentiel de production et en un bon paramètre de développementThe underdeveloped world (or 3rd world), both responsible and victim of so many tensions and conflicts, is attempting ot solve its own security problems by working out ambitious military programs. Through their purchases of modern armament, the underdeveloped countries hope to acquire and efficient and reliable defense, technologically proper and no longer backward. So as to avoid the political and financial expenditures of the said military programs, many underdeveloped countries require from their conventional military equipment providers some sort of cooperative aid in order to be able to build their own arms-industry. Hence the purchase of conventional armament becomes less important than munufacture proceedings and know-how and gives a new sharpness to the debate between north and south about military technology transfer. This concept (embracing both manufacturing licences and the setting up of co-producting systems by means of which northern and southern partners work together to manufacture different arms parts) is supposed to respect the different stages of apprenticeship. Affording underdeveloped countries a proper technological answer, in spite of their backward situation and immense needs, may serve as a stepping-stone to their advancement. Technological self-determination, for underdeveloped countries, depends from positive, realistic actions at a sub-regional, national and international level. Which means teaching a scientific staff and regional co-operation with an exchange of competences, together with a diplomatic action so as to revise 1883 "Convention d'union de Paris", and setting up a "good behaviour code" for technology transfer. Armament industry, by means of its technological and human connections with civilian society, becomes from now on an essential and favourable production parameter for future development
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Luong, Thai Bao. "Croissance, technologies, capital humain, et taux de change dans les pays en développement." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA131023.
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Un pays en développement, face au monde changeant de nos jours, souhaite trouver des voies de développement pour pouvoir sinon rattraper, du moins s'y intégrer plus, le monde extérieur. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'essayer de répondre à ce questionnement. Dans un premier temps, nous construisons un modèle théorique de croissance optimale permettant à un pays en développement de connaître les conditions pour lesquelles il peut investir en capital physique, en capital nouvelle technologie et capital humain. Nous montrons que, d'une façon générale, il commence par investir uniquement en capital physique. Plus tard, il investira à la fois en capital physique et en capital nouvelle technologique. Enfin, l'investissement en capital humain nécessaire à la production de bien nouvelle technologie accompagnera les deux autres investissements dans le dernier stade. Il est intéressant de noter que nous montrons que dans le long terme, la part destinée aux investissements en nouvelle technologie et capital humain emporte sur celle destinée au capital physique. Les chapitres 3 et 4 sont consacrés à la détermination d'un taux de change d'équilibre. Cette problématique est essentielle pour l'ouverture vers l'extérieur de l'économie. En particulier, nous proposons une méthodologie pour évaluer concrètement les déviations du taux de change d'un pays par rapport à son niveau d'équilibre. Nous donnons une application de la méthode du FEER au cas du Vietnam en relation avec les monnaies chinoise et américaineWe concentrate on understanding the growth process for developing countries. This work is divided into two aspects. First, we study an optional growth model to show the optimal share of physical, new technology and human capital for a developing countries. We then study the role of exportation on growth with emphasis on equilibrium exchange rate by using a partial general equilibrium model. In the last part, we use the FEER approach to examine the equilibrium exchange rates and exchange rate policies of two developing countries China and Vietnam
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Driss, Slim. "Investissement direct étranger et diffusion technologique dans les pays en voie de développement." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10023.
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L'objet de ce travail consiste à analyser le problème d'accès des pays en voie de développement (PVD) aux technologies nouvelles. L'investissement direct se présente comme le moyen le plus efficace de transfert technologique. Ce dernier doit naturellement s'accompagner d'une diffusion de bonne qualité dans le pays hôte : si cette dernière ne se produit pas les maigres flux à destination des PVD perdent une bonne part de leur intérêt. Autant la littérature a traité des incitations au transfert, autant elle a laissé de côté la problématique de la diffusion. La thèse vise à contribuer à combler cette lacune. Afin d'isoler le phénomène de diffusion, nous avons proposé un modèle d'investissement direct vertical, en supposant donc que le problème de la qualité de la technologie transférée est réglé. Le gouvernement du pays hôte intervient, dans un premier temps, en proposant une prime à l'investissement pour compenser l'insuffisance des avantages de localisation. Au regard du problème de diffusion au profit des firmes locales, une seconde intervention peut être requise lorsque le niveau endogène de diffusion technologique est trop faible. Le gouvernement fixe alors un niveau prédéterminé de qualité de la diffusion supérieur à celui qui serait choisi par la firme locale en l'absence d'intervention. Si la firme locale refuse la volonté du gouvernement en raison de la baisse de ses profits, celui-ci peut envisager d'autres mécanismes incitatifs. Il peut verser une subvention à la firme locale afin qu'elle réalise son profit optimal tout en absorbant la technologie nouvelle avec le niveau prédéterminé de qualité de diffusion. Le modèle sert à poser les termes du problème de diffusion. Les conclusions sont intéressantes pour ce qui concerne la stratégie des gouvernements des PVD. Ces derniers doivent sélectionner les firmes étrangères qu'il convient d'attirer en choisissant celles qui offrent le maximum de chances de diffusionThe aim of this work is to focus on developing countries access to the so-called "new" technologies. Foreign direct investment appears as the more efficient channel of technological transfer. However, technological spillovers must be of high quality in order to be of high interest. The economic literature has focus on the transfer incentives leaving on one side the problem of spillovers. The thesis fills this gap. In order to isolate the technological spillovers phenomena, we propose a model of direct vertical investment, supposing the degree of spillovers quality settled. In a first step, the host-country government proposes an "investment" premium in order to compensate location disadvantages. When endogenous spillovers of local firms are low, the government can intervene in second step fixing thus a higher predetermined quality. If the local firms refuse the previous intervention for profits reasons, the government can provide other incentives mechanism taking the form of subsides. The government proposes a subsidy to the local firm in order to induce an optimal profit meanwhile the new technology is absorbed with a high quality spillovers level. The model proposes to establish the problem generated by technological spillovers. Our conclusions are interesting concerning the leading government strategies in developing countries. They have to select foreign firms offering the best chance of technological spillovers
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Agbanrin, Chérif Icholla. "Le contrat d'assistance technique autonome dans les transferts de technologies vers les pays-en-voie-de-développement." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR1006.
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Eklind, Sebastian, and Michelle Larsson. "Samarbetet mellan människa och automation i det avhjälpande underhållet : behovsanalys och krav på framtida utveckling av automationsutrustning." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-13897.
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Detta arbete har utforskat interaktionen mellan människa och automation inom det avhjälpande underhållet på två tillverkande företag. Arbetets syfte är bidra till att människor och automationsutrustningar framgångsrikt kan samarbeta i framtidens fabriker. Studien har undersökt hur interaktionen ser ut i dagsläget, var det idag saknas interaktion, hur interaktionen kan komma att se ut i framtiden samt vilka krav som behöver uppnås för att komma dit. Studien har också haft ett fokus på hållbar utveckling och hur interaktionen kan påverka denna. Projektets resultat är framtaget genom att utföra två deltagande observationer, en på vartdera företaget samt fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer per företag. I dagsläget sker mycket kommunikation genom telefon för att påkalla uppmärksamhet hos personal med information om larm och plats. Felsökning sker genom en panel vid maskinen alternativt via dator som kopplas upp mot maskinen vid djupare felsökning. Det finns i dagsläget även teknik såsom kommunikationsradio, tangentbord och mus som undviks att användas i största möjliga mån eftersom de anses vara svåra att manövrera. Resultaten visar att det finns ett behov av att få mer information i underhållets alla faser och att tekniken som används behöver vara mer mobil än i dagsläget. Författarna ger förslag på att handhållna enheter kan användas i framtidens underhåll och att röstigenkänning, Virtual Reality och Augmented Reality kan användas i dessa. Även smarta klockor rekommenderas att användas för att påkalla uppmärksamhet hos personal och samtidigt ge information om larm. Det finns en förhoppning om att mer information och mer mobil teknik kan effektivisera underhållet och därmed minska tiden för att utföra ett avhjälpande underhåll. Författarna rekommenderar starkt att all teknik som är tänkt att bli implementerad först testas i en realistisk miljö av de personer som ska använda tekniken.The project has explored the interaction between humans and automation within the remedial maintenance on two manufacturing companies. The purpose of the project is to contribute to the interaction between humans and automation and by that make it successful in the future. The study has investigated how the present interaction is designed, where there is a need for interaction, how the interaction can be designed in the future together with the requirements that will need to be achieved to get there. In this study there is also a focus on sustainable development and how the interaction affects it. The result of the project is produced by performing two attendance observations, one at each company and four semi-structured interviews at each company. Today a lot of communication is done by phone to get the attention of personnel and summon them to the machine that has stopped. The troubleshooting of the machine is done in a panel or with a computer if deeper troubleshooting is needed. The computer needs to be connected to the machine. Today there are some technics that are present but these are not used due to the fact that they are perceived tedious to use. These technics are communication radio, mouse and keyboard. The result of the study indicates that there is a need for more information in all the phases of a remedial maintenance work. It also shows that the technics needs to be more mobile compared to how it is today. The authors recommends that handheld devices are used in the future and that softwares such as voice recognition, Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality are used within the handheld devices. Smartwatches are also interesting in an attention point of view where alarm messages can be shown. There is a belief that with more information and more mobility the maintenance will be more effective in the future and that the time for remedial maintenance will reduce. The authors strongly recommend that all technics that will be implemented need to first be tested in a realistic environment and by the people that should use it.
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Masambuka, Fallys. "Agricultural communication: Whose voices, for who and for what? A case study of Malawian agricultural communication programs." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555398450368817.
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Nkoa, François. "Circulation internationale des connaissances technologiques, politique commerciale et croissance de la productivité dans les stratégies d'industrialisation en économie ouverte." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON10064.
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La politique commerciale depuis longtemps et jusqu'à présent est considérée dans les théories économiques dominantes comme la principale politique de stimulation de la croissance de la productivité et donc du développement industriel dans les pays en développement alors que la politique technologique est très peu prise en compte. Et ceci se vérifie aussi bien dans les travaux théoriques qui mettent l'accent sur l'accumulation du capital physique ou dans les travaux d'inspiration shumpeterienne où l'accent est plutôt mis sur l'accumulation du capital connaissance. L'explication réside dans l'hypothèse courante que les connaissances technologiques circulent sur le plan international et que les pays en développement peuvent en bénéficier. Pendant longtemps, cette hypothèse reposait sur l'idée que la technologie possède les caractéristiques d'un bien public pur. Par conséquent, les pays en développement pouvaient en bénéficier automatiquement et à des coûts considérés comme dérisoires. Dans les années récentes, cette hypothèse a été abandonnée pour adopter celle plus réaliste que la technologie ne possède que partiellement les attributs d'un bien public et par conséquent qu'elle peut être sous le contrôle d'individus ou de firmes et surtout elle peut être localisée sur le plan géographique dans les pays développes. Les pays en développement peuvent donc ne pas avoir accès a ces connaissances technologiques. La question que se sont posée de nombreux économistes ces dernières années est de savoir les implications sur le processus de développement des pays en retard de ce changement. Dans la théorie économique dominante, l'idée défendue est que les politiques commerciales qui favorisent l'intégration à l'économie mondiale permettent aux pays en développement d'avoir accès à ces connaissances. De nombreux travaux théoriques et empiriques ont été entreprises pour le démontrer. Mais ce résultat n'est possible selon nous que parce que dans les travaux en question seul l'accès aux connaissances technologiques étrangères est considérée. On ne prend pas en compte l'aptitude des pays en développement à exploiter les connaissances technologiques qui existent au niveau international. Or c'est le plus important et le plus difficile parce que la technologie peut être localisée techniquement et qu'il existe une distance technologique entre pays.
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Černičko, Sergij. "Integrace hlasových technologií na mobilní platformy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236337.
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The goal of the thesis is being familiar with methods a techniques used in speech processing. Describe the current state of research and development of speech technology. Project and implement server speech recognizer that uses BSAPI. Integrate client that will use server for speech recognition to mobile dictionaries of Lingea company.
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Loubier, Christine. "Les technologies de l'information dans les pays en voie de développement : regard particulier sur l'électronique et le commerce." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33362.
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Knowledge is the key to growth and development. Unfortunately, the knowledge gap which exists between industrialized countries and developing ones is large. As information technologies play an essential role in the movement of knowledge and information, they hold promise for the reduction of this gap. Information technologies are being introduced progressively in all activities of both the public and private sectors. Business organizations and commercial activities are thus being profoundly transformed, at varying levels and by different instruments. Developing countries cannot afford to be left behind in this information revolution. The international community recognizes this, and has instituted a range of programmes promoting electronic commerce in developing countries. However, to maximize the benefits, developing countries must put in place an environment that favours and promotes the acquisition, absorption and communication of knowledge by their citizens and business enterprises.
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Solórzano, Ramón. "From "Spanish choices" to Latina/o voices interrogating technologies of language, race, and identity in a self-serving American moment /." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3372278/.
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Chauvin, Laetitia. "Influence de la température sur la granulation par voie humide." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2P067.
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Ouedghiri, Ben Ottmane Ahmed. "Le système de garanties dans la problématique juridique des transferts internationaux de technologie : cas des pays en développement." Paris 13, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA131020.
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Mecanisme central dans la problematique juridique des transferts internation aux de technologie a destionation des ped, la garantie constitue un revelateur du degre d adequation des engagements du fournisseur a la finalite des objectifs technologiques poursuivis par la par tie receptrice et du degre de prise en charge par le contrat des faibles. Ses structurelles dont souffrent les entreprises des ped. En tant que tel, l analyse de l approche, de la structure et de portee de la notion de garantie dans le contexte legal et contractuel, sera a chaque fois revelatrice de la capacite du droit a apprehender par ses modalites la logique intrinseque du processus de transfert de technologie et a assurer par ses mecanismes, la protection renforcee des interets de l acquereur. Intervenant dans un contexte anime par les rapports de puissance dans un ordre inegal,l nalyse de la garantie dans le domaine des t. T. Ne peut se satisfaire de l approche restrictive dans laquelle le cadre legal l a souvent confinee (obligation de garantie) pas plus que du modele auquel les contractants l ont constamment soumise (structure technique et financiere). Elle ne peut remplir sa fonc tion securitaire et interpretative que si elle se trouve hissee au rang de systeme global qui integre tous les facteurs (contractuels, legaux et conventionnels) qui interferent dans la reussite economique technique ou commerciale de l operation de transfert de t
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Al-Imari, Aman A. "Etude et réalisation d'une chaîne d'acquisition et de transmission radio de l'activité musculaire en technologie hybride." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10083.
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Etude electromyographique par telemetrie, permettant d'analyser l'activite de quatre muscles travaillant simultanement chez un veliplanchiste en competition. L'equipement emporte doit etre le plus petit et le plus leger possible
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El, Fakir de La Laurencie Aouatif. "Une analyse critique de l’usage de la R&D dans les processus de développement : Marchés, institutions et espaces d’apprentissage interactif." Paris 9, 2008. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090003.
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Cette thèse cherche à répondre à la question suivante : Quand et Comment la recherche & développement devient-elle stratégique pour la compétitivité, la croissance et le développement des pays moins avancés ? Pour répondre à cette question, elle articule son cadre analytique autour des concepts d’espaces d’apprentissage interactif, de capacités technologiques et de Co-évolution de technologies, institutions et organisations. Cette thèse propose un modèle théorique du rattrapage technologique basé sur les espaces d’apprentissage interactif et sur l’impact du cadre institutionnel et de l’environnement sur l’acquisition des capacités technologiques. En utilisant la méthode des études de cas, cette thèse cherche à analyser les opportunités et les pressions qui poussent les pays en développement à améliorer leurs capacités technologiques d’une part. Elle cherche à comprendre les processus d’apprentissage interactif qui conduit à cette amélioration d’autre part. Elle se poursuit par l’examen des perspectives de rattrapage pour un pays en développement qui est le Maroc dans l’économie de la connaissance. Elle explicite les opportunités et les pressions dans ce nouveau contexte et les capacités technologiques nécessaires pour en tirer profit. Enfin, cette thèse s’achève par des recommandations en termes de politiques publiques pour les pays en développement ainsi que par une discussion des recherches à mener pour mieux cerner la nature et le rôle des espaces d’apprentissage interactif dans les processus de rattrapage technologiquesThis thesis tries to answer to the following question: When and how R&D becomes crucial for the competitiveness, growth and development in developing countries? To answer this question, the analytical framework is centred on 3 concepts: interactive learning spaces, technological capabilities and Co-evolution of technology, institutions and organisations. This thesis proposes a theoretical model of technological catching-up based on interactive learning spaces and on impact of institutional framework and environment to explain the acquisition of technological capabilities. On the one hand, by using case studies, this thesis tries to analyse opportunities and pressures that push developing countries to improve their technological capabilities. On the other hand, its tries to enlighten interactive learning process that make this improvement possible. This thesis continues by an analysis of catching-up prospects for a developing country, which is Morocco within the knowledge economy. Its makes explicit opportunities and pressures in this new context and technological capabilities that Morocco must have to take advantage of the later. In the end, the thesis discusses recommendations in terms of public policies in developing countries as well as later research to achieve in order to define the nature and the role of interactive learning spaces better