To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Voice translator.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Voice translator'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Voice translator.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Zapata, Rojas Julian. "Translators in the Loop: Observing and Analyzing the Translator Experience with Multimodal Interfaces for Interactive Translation Dictation Environment Design." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34978.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores interactive translation dictation (ITD), a translation technique that involves interaction with multimodal interfaces equipped with voice recognition (VR) technology throughout the entire translation process. Its main objective is to provide a solid theoretical background and an analysis of empirical qualitative and quantitative data that demonstrate ITD’s advantages and challenges, with a view to integrating this technique into the translation profession.
Many empirical studies in human-computer interaction have strived to demonstrate the efficiency of voice input versus keyboard input. Although it was implicit in the earliest works that voice input was expected to completely replace—rather than complement—text-input devices, it was soon proposed that VR often performed better in combination with other input modes. This study introduces multimodal interaction to translation, taking advantage of the unparallelled robustness of commercially available voice-and-touch-enabled multimodal interfaces such as touch-screen computers and tablets. To that end, an experiment was carried out with 14 professional English-to-French translators, who performed a translation task either with the physical prototype of an ITD environment, or with a traditional keyboard-and-mouse environment. The hypothesis was that the prototypical environment would consistently provide translators with a better translator experience (TX) than the traditional environment, considering the translation process as a whole. The notion of TX as introduced in this work is defined as a translator’s perceptions of and responses to the use or anticipated use of a product, system or service.
Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using different methods, such as video and screen recording, input logging and semi-structured interviews. The combined analysis of objective and subjective usability measures suggests a better TX with the experimental environment versus the keyboard-and-mouse workstation, but significant challenges still need to be overcome for ITD to be fully integrated into the profession. Thus, this doctoral study provides a basis for better-grounded research in translator-computer interaction and translator-information interaction and, more specifically, for the design and development of an ITD environment, which is expected to support professional translators’ cognitive functions, performance and well-being. Lastly, this research aims to demonstrate that translation studies research, and translation technology in particular, needs to be more considerate of the translator, the TX, and the changing realities of the interaction between humans, computers and information in the twenty-first century.
2
Sochacka, Anna Justyna. "Lost in Translation : Voice-over Translated TV as a Source for Incidental Language Acquisition." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182707.
Full textAbstract:
Voice-over translation (or “audio subtitles”) is the only audio-visual translation (AVT) used for feature-length films on Polish television. Since the reader (lektor) only partially overrides original dialogues and some parts of the actors’ speech are clearly audible, it can be considered as marginal L2 exposure. The aim of this study is to investigate the attitudes of Polish speakers of English towards voice-over translated television and to determine if TV shows and films with a lektor can be a source of incidental language acquisition. The study consists of two parts, a survey and an experiment. The survey investigated the attitudes of Polish speakers of English to different types of AVT, especially their opinions about the influence of voice-over translated TV shows on their English proficiency. The data reveals that Polish speakers of English have rather negative opinions about this AVT and numerous instances of unfaithful translation are easily spotted by them, which creates an image of unprofessional and inaccurate AVT. They seem not to consider films with a lektor as L2 exposure and tend to think that introducing subtitles to television would improve the L2 competence in Poland. However, the informants admitted being able to spot unfaithful translation, meaning that they pay attention to the foreign language in the background. The experiment was conducted to examine the possibility of incidental language acquisition from voice-over translated TV shows. 26 high school students, Polish learners of English watched 4 clips with voice-over translation with instances of unfaithful translation. The study has empirically proven that Polish learners of English are able to spot the differences between the original dialogue and its translation. Thus, watching voice-over television programming can be considered L2 exposure.
3
Chraïbi, Sylvie. "La traduction vers l'arabe des textes relatifs aux droits humains : perspectives historiques du 19ème siècle à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030094/document.
Full textAbstract:
Partant du constat de l‟extrême profusion de textes juridiques et journalistiques relatifs aux droits humains traduits en arabe, nous avons voulu retracer l‟histoire de la traduction de ce genre de textes et mettre en lumière les moments forts de son évolution, aux niveaux terminologique, phraséologique et idéologique. Cette recherche nous a fait remonter jusqu'aux productions d'intellectuels arabes modernistes du XIXème siècle. Nous avons rappelé dans le chapitre 1 les contextes à la fois historiques et discursifs qui ont vu ou fait naître le concept de droits de l'homme puis avons présenté une description détaillée des traductions de 3 textes de référence : les traductions de la Charte constitutionnelle française de 1814 par Rifâ„a Râfi„ al-Tahtâwî (1801-1873), de la Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen de 1789 (DDHC) par Farah Antûn (1874-1922) et de la Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l’Homme (DUDH) de 1948 par les services de traduction de l‟Onu. Dans le chapitre 2, nous avons cherché à montrer que les textes traduits laissaient toujours transparaître des contradictions ou une certaine concurrence entre, d‟une part, les motivations idéologiques qui président à la rédaction des textes sources et, d‟autre part, les motivations intellectuelles de leurs traducteurs. Toujours dans cette perspective, nous avons étudié, au chapitre 3, trois traductions de textes relatifs au domaine mais de genres différents: un discours politique («A new beginning», Barack Obama), un article spécialisé (Human Rights Watch) et un extrait de rapport (Amnesty International). Nous avons mis en avant la complexité du statut des traducteurs de textes relatifs aux droits humains qui doivent, d‟une part, avoir des connaissances à la fois linguistiques, terminologiques et notionnelles, et, d‟autre part, adopter des stratégies traductives (choix lexicaux et phraséologiques) qui respectent la visée du texte source (politique, militante, informative…)Assessing the extreme profusion of legal and journalistic texts dealing with human rights in Arabic, the aim of this thesis is to retrace the history of those texts‟ translation and to highlight on the most important phasis of its evolution, at terminological, phraseological and ideological levels. This research has made us go back to nineteenth century Arab modernist intellectuals‟ productions. We recalled in Chapter 1 to the both historical and discursive contexts in which the concept of human rights was born. Then, we have presented a detailed description of the translations of three representative texts: the translations of the 1814 French Constitutional Charter by Rifâ„a Râfi „ al-Tahtâwî (1801-1873), of the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Human being and the Citizen (DDHC) by Farah Antûn (1874-1922) and of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) by the United Nations translation services. Chapter 2 demonstrates that the translated texts always denote elements of contradiction or at least some contention between, on the one hand, the ideological motives at the heart of the drafting of the original texts and, on the other hand, the intellectual purposes of the translators. And in such context, Chapter 3 sticks to this point focusing this time on three translations of texts related to the same field but belonging to different genres: a political speech ("A new beginning", Barack Obama), a feature article (Human Rights Watch) and an extract from a survey(Amnesty International). We have highlighted the very complexity inherent to the status of translators of texts dealing with human rights. They, on the one hand, have to be conversant with linguistics, terminological and notional knowledge and, on the other hand, have to keep to traductive strategies (lexical and phraseological choices) in order not to misrepresent the designs of the source text (political, activist, informative ...)
4
Marshall, Susan LaVonne. "Concept of Operations (CONOPS) for foreign language and speech translation technologies in a coalition military environment." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FMarshall.pdf.
Full text
5
Stern, Rodriguez Clara. "Criticism-through-translation : grasping voice in poetic prose." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/19106/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores a particular way in which literary translation can be used as a form of criticism in the teaching of English poetic prose abroad. The concept of voice is developed in an attempt to study the potential of literary translation in the development of a critical awareness of the sonorous qualities of literature. I pay special attention to poetic prose because of its scant presence in the study of literary sound and because a radical separation between poetry and prose would not correspond to the kind of reading suggested in this research. An interdisciplinary methodological approach is investigated; one which makes use of visual, musical, and dramatic practices, and that helps us get to the quality of sound in poetic prose. This methodology was carried out as fieldwork practice in the form of a Literary Translation Workshop imparted in Mexico City in 2008. The implications of considering the experience of literary translation as a critical perspective are also explored in this thesis, where creativity proves to have a major role in the suitability of literary translation as a pedagogical strategy in literary studies. The relevance of the Criticism-through-Translation scheme in the field of foreign language pedagogy is also addressed within this research.
6
Johnson, Allison Adah Johnson Allison Adah Johnson Allison Adah Johnson Allison Adah. "Transmission/translation/transgression /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3099912.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2003.Vita. "Three related compositions written for string quartet, small ensemble (soprano, violin, viola, cello, flute, clarinet, piano) and percussion duo"--P. viii; 3rd work an open form composition. Also available on the World Wide Web. (Access restricted to UC campuses).
7
Lee, Eunsook. "Translation into Korean of Chapter 9, Appendix I, and II of The Functional Unity of the Singing Voice by Barbara M. Doscher." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299000439.
Full text
8
Witt, Marianne. "Passivkonstruktionen in der akademischen Sprache : am Beispiel einer Übersetzung aus dem Deutschen ins Schwedische." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-21183.
Full textAbstract:
Academic scientific language is characterized by an impersonal and objective style. Due to this and the typical high information density of academic language, this style typically contains a high rate of noun phrases and passive structures. This is also true for the German scientific study Gefühlte Opfer, Illusionen der Vergangenheitsbewältigung by Ulrike Jureit and Christian Schneider. The first aim of this essay was to translate one chapter from the aforementioned book into Swedish and adapt the target language to culturally match a reader who would appreciate a text on German post-war history and sociology. The second aim was to quantify and analyse all occurrences of passive voice and similar structures. More specifically, the following research questions were investigated: How is the passive formed in the source and target language respectively? How often is a corresponding passive used in the translation? How often is a passive sentence translated into an active structure? There are many different ways of expressing the passive in German: the so-called Vorgangspassiv featuring the auxiliary werden, the so-called Zustandspassiv with sein, and finally passive-like constructions. There are corresponding ways to form the passive in Swedish, that is, structures with the auxiliaries bli and vara, but the more common way to express the passive voice is the morphological s-passive. Passive-like constructions can be found in Swedish as well. The most common passive structure in the source text, the werden-passive, was in most cases translated into the typical Swedish s-passive. The sein-passive was more often translated into a similar structure in the target text. All in all, almost a third of the passive voice sentences were translated into active structures. Keywords: translation, passive voice, academic language
9
Mazzoli, Valentina. "Le tecniche di sincronizzazione del voice-over: analisi della proposta di adattamento per il voice-over in italiano del documentario Utopia di John Pilger." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16047/.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation focuses on the translation mode for audiovisual products known as voice-over. This practice has always been neglected by Translation Studies, in favour of more popular translation methods such as dubbing and subtitling. However, it is often ignored that voice-over is the preferred translation mode for the non-fiction genre. Moreover, it is gaining increasing popularity due to its inexpensive and fast approach, and as such it deserves more attention. Through the translation of Utopia, a documentary on native Australians by John Pilger, this study aims at providing a work pattern for voice-over translation, and a quantitative and qualitative analysis of a defining element of this translation mode: synchronization techniques. The analysis is thus based on the classification of the four different types of voice-over synchronies proposed by Franco, Matamala, and Orero (2010): voice-over isochrony, literal synchrony, kinetic synchrony, and action synchrony.
10
Painca, Diana. "Giving the past a voice: Oral History on Romanian Communism in Translation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/312528/6/Contrat.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to develop a theoretical framework that could account for the problems arising in the translation of oral history interviews. While focusing on literary, economic and technical texts, Translation Studies has neglected the examination of Oral History. In order to fill in this major lacuna in the research literature, I ask two fundamental questions: Which are the linguistic problems and challenges (if any) of such texts in translation? How do these translated oral history interviews articulate the communist experience? I do so to call attention to the mutual benefits that can be gained from such an intersectional approach. To instantiate the case, I translate from Romanian into English transcribed interviews given by three categories of people: those involved in the anti-communist armed resistance in the Carpathian Mountains (extracted from the book Memorialul Durerii: Întuneric şi Lumină, by Lucia Hossu-Longin), political prisoners (Supravieţuitorii: Mărturii din temniţele comuniste ale României, by Raul and Anca Ştef) and King Michael I of Romania (Convorbiri cu Mihai I al României, by Mircea Ciobanu). Importing Portelli’s theoretical framework from the field of Oral History allows me to identify the features of historical interviews (orality, narrative, subjectivity, performativity) and account for their difficulties in translation. However, since the Italian researcher negates the orality of transcribed interviews, I manage to solve this problem by proposing the term ‘fictive orality’ (Koch&Osterreicher) and the triad ‘vividness (repetitions/imagery), immediacy (direct speech), fragmentation (ambiguity/ellipsis)’. Defining thus the orality of my written data, I map out the translational problematics of oral testimonies on communism and contend that fragmentation presents the most difficult challenges in translation. Additionally, my results point at the copious use of repetitions, visual/kinaesthetic/organic images, and direct speech. The findings also confirm the effectiveness of a literal translation given the emphatic role acquired by the linguistic strategies previously mentioned. Conclusively, recommendations are made for proximity to the source text as the translational processs assumes the form of a ‘dialogue’ that the translator has to establish with the original, so that he/she could hear all the participants talking. Hence, I rely on foreignization as an over-arching method, demonstrating its compatibility with Oral History on communism. On the one hand, this strategy captures the cognitive and emotive dimensions of the interviewees’ language of suffering and trauma. On the other hand, it preserves the foreignness of the original, by bringing into focus the distinctively Romanian communist experiences.Doctorat en Langues, lettres et traductologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
11
Jones, Natalie. "Lost in Translation : To what extent can sign language be used to translate the meaning of the text for hearing audiences in classical vocal music?" Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för klassisk musik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-3625.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this project is to examine the extent to which sign language can be used as a means of communicating the text for hearing audiences attending classical vocal recitals. The project discusses historical practices for providing text translation of classical repertoire sung in foreign languages and gives an account of the increasing popularity of sign language interpretation for hearing audiences within the contemporary, commercial music industry. A trial performance is undertaken in order to examine the effectiveness of the idea in the context of classical vocal music. Feedback is gathered from the audience and singer’s perspective during performance and through observations made by studying the video documenting the performance.The sounding part of the work consists of the following recording: NJones100619. The Corona virus situation spring semester 2020 has caused limitations in the recording possibilities. The recording may be supplemented.
12
Ortiz, Boix Carla. "Implementing machine translation and post-editing to the translation of wildlife documentaries through voice-over and off-screen dubbing." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400020.
Full textAbstract:
Aquesta tesi doctoral explora la possibilitat d’incloure la traducció automàtica i la traducció automàtica seguida de postedició en el procés de traducció de documentals científics de fauna i flora mitjançant veus superposades i doblatge en off. Per a aconseguir-ho, es van portar a terme tres estudis:
El primer estudi investiga els reptes que hauríem de superar per a poder introduir la traducció automàtica en el procés de traducció de documentals. Ens basem en estudis anteriors sobre traducció mitjançant veus superposades i doblatge en off i sobre traducció de documentals (per exemple, Franco et al., 2010) per a determinar els esmentats reptes, així com en l’anàlisi d’un corpus de guions de documentals en anglès, un corpus de documentals en castellà i un corpus de segments de guions de documentals i 9 traduccions, 8 de les quals van ser fetes per diversos motors de traducció automàtica en línia i gratuïts, i l’altra va ser traduïda per un professional. A més, l’estudi introdueix possibles solucions als reptes, que fem servir a l’experiment que presentem en el segon estudi.
El segon estudi se centra en un experiment per a determinar l’esforç necessari per a posteditar documentals científics de fauna i flora en comparació amb l’esforç requerit per a traduir-los. Dotze estudiants de màster van participar en l’experiment, que es va basar en la noció d’esforç de Krings (2001), així com en altres estudis sobre esforç de postedició (per exemple, O’Brien, 2006). Les conclusions de l’experiment indiquen que post-editar requereix menys esforç que traduir.
El tercer estudi compara la qualitat de documentals post-editats i traduïts. Per a fer-ho, es van portar a terme dos experiments. En el primer, sis experts van avaluar la qualitat dels documentals que van fer els estudiants de màster durant l’experiment del segon estudi. Així, doncs, els experts van posar nota als documents, els van corregir mitjançant una classificació d’errors basada en MQM que inclou especificacions per a la traducció documentals, i van respondre qüestionaris d’acord amb la seva opinió sobre les traduccions corregides. Les conclusions de l’experiment indiquen que la qualitat de les post-edicions i de les traduccions són significativament semblants.
En el segon experiment, 56 possibles usuaris van avaluar la qualitat dels documentals post-editats i traduïts mitjançant un qüestionari de recepció. Igual com va indicar l’avaluació dels experts, els resultats mostra que no hi ha diferencies significatives entre la qualitat dels documentals traduïts i els posteditats.
Els estudis presentats en aquesta tesi doctoral, doncs, permeten aconseguir l’objectiu principal de la tesi: “investigar si es podria incloure, satisfactòriament, la traducció automàtica, en quant a esforç i qualitat, en el procés de traducció de documentals d’un subdomini específic (fauna i flora) mitjançant veus superposades i doblatge en off; i validar les dues hipòtesis principals de la tesi: “esperem que la inclusió de traducció automàtica en el procés de traducció de documentals de naturalesa mitjançant veus superposades i doblatge en off optimitzi el procés en quant a esforç” i “esperem que la inclusió de traducció automàtica en el procés de traducció de documentals científics de fauna i flora per veus superposades i doblatge en off no afecti significativament la qualitat del producte traduït”.Esta tesis doctoral explora la posibilidad de incluir traducción automática y traducción automática seguida de post-edición en el proceso de traducción de documentales científicos de fauna y flora mediante voces superpuestas y doblaje en off. Para conseguirlo, llevamos a cabo tres estudios: El primer estudio investiga los desafíos que necesitamos superar para poder incluir la traducción automática en el proceso de traducción de documentales. Nos basamos en estudios anteriores sobre traducción mediante voces superpuestas y doblaje en off y sobre traducción de documentales (por ejemplo, Franco et al., 2010) para determinar los desafíos que nos podemos encontrar. También nos basamos en el análisis de un corpus de guiones de documentales en inglés, un corpus de documentales en español y un corpus de segmentos de guiones de documentales y sus nueve traducciones, ocho de las cuales fueron producidas por motores de traducción automática gratuitos y en línea, y otra traducción hecha por un traductor humano. Además, el estudio introduce posibles soluciones para estos desafíos, que usamos en el experimento presentado en el segundo estudio. El segundo estudio se centra en un experimento que pretende determinar el esfuerzo requerido para post-editar documentales de naturaleza comparado con el esfuerzo necesario para traducirlos. Doce estudiantes de máster participaron en el experimento, que se basó en la noción de esfuerzo de Krings (2001), así como otros estudios relacionados con esfuerzo de post-edición (por ejemplo, O’Brien, 2006). Las conclusiones del experimento parecen indicar que post-editar requiere menos esfuerzo que traducir. El tercer estudio compara la calidad de documentales post-editados y traducidos. Para hacerlo, se llevaron a cabo dos experimentos. En el primero, seis expertos evaluaron la calidad de los documentales hechos por los estudiantes durante el experimento: los expertos pusieron nota a los documentos, los corrigieron usando una clasificación de errores basada en el MQM que incluye especificaciones para la traducción de documentales, y respondieron unos cuestionarios sobre su opinión de las traducciones. Las conclusiones del experimento indican que la calidad de las post-ediciones y las traducciones son significativamente similares. En el segundo experimento, 56 posibles usuarios evaluaron la calidad de documentales post-editados y de documentales traducidos mediante un cuestionario de recepción. Igual como indicó la evaluación de los expertos, los resultados muestran que no hay diferencias significativas entre la calidad de los documentales traducidos y los post-editados. Los estudios presentados en esta tesis doctoral, pues, nos permiten conseguir el objetivo principal de la tesis: “investigar si se podría incluir la traducción automática de manera satisfactoria, en cuanto a esfuerzo y calidad, en el proceso de traducción de documentales de un subdominio específico (fauna y flora) mediante voces superpuestas y doblaje en off”; y validar las dos hipótesis principales de la tesis: “la inclusión de traducción automática en el proceso de traducción de documentales científicos de fauna y flora mediante voces superpuestas y doblaje en off optimizará el proceso en cuanto a esfuerzo” y “la inclusión de traducción automática en el proceso de traducción de documentales científicos de fauna y flora mediante voces superpuestas y doblaje en off no afectará significativamente la calidad del producto traducido”.
This PhD explores the possibility of introducing MT and PE MT into the process of translating wildlife documentaries to be voiced-over and off-screen dubbed. In order to do so, 3 studies have been carried out: The first stud researches the challenges that would need to be overcome if MT is to be included in the process of translating wildlife documentaries through VO and OD. The challenges are based on previous studies on the translation via VO and OD, and the translation of documentaries (e.g. Franco et al., 2010), as well as an analysis of a corpus of wildlife documentary scripts in English, a corpus of wildlife documentary scripts in Spanish, and a corpus of segments of documentary scripts and 9 translations: 8 produced by free-online MT engines and 1 by a human translator. Furthermore, it presents possible solutions to such challenges, which are used in the experiment presented in the second study. The second study presents and experiment that intends to determine the effort required to post-edit wildlife documentary films, as compared to the effort needed to translate them from scratch. 12 MA students participated in the experiment, which was based in Krings (2001) notion of PE effort, and previous experiments on PE effort (e.g. O’Brien, 2006). The conclusions of the experiments seem to indicate that PE requires less effort than translating them from scratch. The third study compares the quality of post-edited and translated wildlife documentaries. In order to do so, two experiments were carried out. The first one presents the QA, made by 6 experts, of the documentary scripts translated by MA students during the second study. The experts assessed the quality by grading the documents, by correcting them using an MQM-based error classification that includes specifications of documentary translation, and finally, by answering questionnaires on their opinions. Conclusions indicate that the quality of post-edited and translated wildlife documentaries is significantly similar. In the second experiment of the third study, 56 end-users blindly assessed the quality of post-edited and translated wildlife documentaries by using user-reception questionnaires. As well as the QA by experts, the results show that there is no significant difference between the quality of post-edited and translated documentaries. All the studies presented in this dissertation help to accomplish its main objective: “research whether MT might be successfully included, effort and quality wise, into the process of translating documentaries of a certain subdomain (wildlife) through VO and OD”; and validate its main hypotheses, which stand that “the inclusion of MT into the process of translating wildlife documentaries through VO and OD will optimize the process in terms of effort” and that “the inclusion of MT into the process of translating wildlife documentaries through VO and OD will not have significant impact on the quality of the translated product”.
13
Martienssen-Lohmann, Franziska Favaro Reuter Jeanette. "The development of the singing voice by Franziska Martenssen-Lohmann : a critical translation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/15511.
Full text
14
Blaževičienė, Rasa. "AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION OF FEATURE FILMS FROM ENGLISH INTO LITHUANIAN." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080926_173942-28997.
Full textAbstract:
The situation of audiovisual translation is in its infancy in Lithuania, thus, the work specifies methods of audiovisual translation and highlights characteristic features of audiovisual-type texts. The novelty of the work lies in the investigation of the voiced-over language of the feature film. With reference to this fact, the contrastive analysis of the source language and voiced-over target language of the feature film “Bridget Jones’s Diary“was chosen as the subject of the research. The aim of the work is the examination of language and authenticity transfer of the film through voice-over as the method of audiovisual translation from English into Lithuanian.Vertimo tyrinėtojai žengia pirmuosius žingsnius audiovizualiojo vertimo tyrinėjimo srityje, nors įgarsintus, subtitruotus ar jau ir dubliuotus filmus žiūrime kasdien per televiziją ar kino teatre. Naujosios technologijos leidžia vos panorėjus mėgautis filmais, kurie atlieka ne tik pramoginę, bet ir kitos kultūros pažinimo funkciją. Didžioji dalis į Lietuvą atkeliaujančių filmų yra anglų kalba. Juos įprasta įgarsinti. Tačiau dėl įvairių priežasčių ne visada lietuviškame filmo variante išgirstame tai, kas buvo pasakyta originale. Šio darbo tikslas – išnagrinėti gerai žinomo vaidybinio filmo „Bridžitos Džouns dienoraštis“ kalbos ir autentikos perteikimą per įgarsintą filmo vertimą, siekiant nustatyti vertimo procese naudojamas vertimo procedūras. Mokslinio darbo teorinėje dalyje išsamiai pristatomi audiovizualaus vertimo metodai, apžvelgiami audiovizualaus teksto ypatumai, jame slypintys kodai bei paaiškinama domestikacijos samprata. Empirinėje darbo dalyje aprašoma tyrimo eiga ir analizuojami rezultatai. Filmo vertimo tyrimas atskleidė, jog dėl pačių kalbų (anglų ir lietuvių) skirtumų, tokių vertimo procedūrų kaip glaudinimas, eliminavimas ir trumpinimas naudojimas bei vertėjo(s) klaidos lėmė prasminius vertimo kalbos nuostolius. Nors vertėja(s) didžiajai teksto daliai rado atitinkamus ekvivalentus bei daugelyje atvejų pasitelkė parafrazę ir plėtimą, vertimo kalba perteikta glausčiau dėl aukščiau minėtų veiksnių bei filmo vertimo metodo ypatumų.
15
Stock, Robert P. "Do you hear what I hear? : inferring voice in celebrity translation in the theatre." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2018. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108266/.
Full textAbstract:
The phenomenon of celebrity translation in the British theatrical system raises many hitherto unanswered questions about how we evaluate theatre translation using existing theories of translation. It also invites an exploration using a theoretical framework based on Relevance Theory, which examines the effects that a text potentially has on the receiver’s cognitive state in the light of the contextual background of the text, its author and its receivers. With the support of analysis of the source and target texts, audience data, reviews, blogs and social media posts, I explore the extent to which audiences are likely to infer the celebrity translator’s own voice from their translations because of the way in which the celebrity translator’s contextual background (i.e. their assumed style, values, agenda, personality, and so on) influences the reception of his or her text. I then question the implications of celebrity translation for the marketing of translated theatre in the UK, and argue that we should celebrate the way in which celebrity translators increase the visibility of the act of translation and showcase the genre of plays in translation. My assessment of the likely cognitive state of spectators attracted to a play because of the pull of a celebrity translator sheds new light on some of the existing ideas within translation studies regarding the role and responsibilities of the translator. It also adds to our growing understanding of the role played by the receiver’s cognitive context in his or her evaluation of translation and the relationships between source-text author and translator, and between source and target text. As well as adding to scholarly debate about the practice of theatre translation, my research is designed to encourage stakeholders in the UK’s theatrical system to further question the way in which translated play texts are commissioned, funded, marketed and critically evaluated.
16
Busi, Gioia. "Changes in the translation industry: A prospectus on the near future of innovation in machine translation." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to analyze the supposed inevitability of a breakthrough in machine translation and the role that this breakthrough will play in the evolution of translation companies. It will analyze the changes that are happening and what repercussions those changes will have on the decisions made by students, professionals, agencies, and institutions over the next twenty years.
This paper will be divided into three main sections:
The first part will provide a background of today’s translation industry and consider the advent of machine translation in translation agencies and its continuous developments.
In the second part of this essay, I will illustrate how I carried out my research inside Global Voices - a translation agency based in Stirling, Scotland, in which I have interned as Project Manager in December 2018 - to understand what use the translation agency makes of machine translation, also conveying my colleagues’ thoughts about it.
The conclusion will recapitulate the topics approached, revolve around the main findings of this study and try to foresee what translators should expect from the future, how in my opinion they should deal with the changes the future will bring.
17
Baldo, Michela. "Translation as Re-Narration in Italian-Canadian Writing: Codeswitching, Focalisation, Voice and Plot in Nino Ricci's Trilogy and its Italian Translation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493444.
Full textAbstract:
This study draws on poststructuralist narratology in order to examine a trilogy of novels by the Italian-Canadian author Nino Ricci, in the context of diaspora and multilingualism in general, and Italian-Canadian writing more specifically. The novels by Nino Ricci, Lives of the Saints (1990), In a Glass House (1993) and Where She Has Gone (1997), which were translated from English into Italian by Gabriella Iacobucci in 2004, narrate the personal experience of an Italian family before and after they emigrate to Canada and are characterised by the use of codeswitching (the passage from English to Standard Italian dialect and vice versa).
18
Krontiris, Tina. "Oppositional voices : women as writers and translators of literature in the English Renaissance /." London : Routledge, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35714999t.
Full text
19
Stölten, Katrin, and Klara Svanell. "Svensk översättning och validering av The Voice Symptom Scale (VoiSS)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Logopedi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-165813.
Full textAbstract:
Självskattningsformulär utgör ett viktigt kliniskt redskap för både utredning och intervention av röstproblem men i nuläget är tillgången till olika formulär i Sverige begränsad då antalet validerade svenska översättningar är få. Syfte med studien var att översätta och preliminärt validera The Voice Symptom Scale (VoiSS) som består av 30 frågor tilldelade komponenterna Nedsättning, Emotionellt och Fysiskt. Den svenska versionen av VoiSS framtogs genom ”Forward-backward Translation” med en efterföljande pilotstudie. Sammanlagt deltog 203 vuxna individer som rekryterades via webb- och pappersenkät. Av dessa uppgav 86 deltagare att de upplevde röstbesvär. Resultaten visade på tydliga gruppskillnader där gruppen Med upplevda röstproblem genererade högre genomsnittliga svarspoäng än gruppen Utan upplevda röstproblem. Inga överlappningar kunde konstateras. En principalkomponentanalys (PCA) var i stort sett förenlig med en trekomponentstruktur som tillsammans med gruppseparationen visade på hög konstruktvaliditet. Vidare noterades samstämmighet mellan den svenska versionen och VoiSS-originalet. Sensitivitets- och specificitetsvärden bekräftade en hög diagnostisk validitet. Slutsatsen drogs att formuläret med god validitet förmår att diagnosticera upplevelse av röstproblem. Den preliminära valideringen visade således att den svenska versionen av VoiSS kan användas som ett instrument vid utredning av röstproblem men att ytterligare forskning behövs för att säkerställa formulärets användbarhet i klinisk verksamhet.Self-assessment questionnaires are important clinical instruments for both investigation and intervention of voice problems but at date access to various questionnaires in Sweden is limited due to few validated translations. The objective of this study was to translate and preliminary validate the Voice Symptom Scale (VoiSS) consisting of 30 questions assigned Impairment, Emotional and Physical. The Swedish version of VoiSS was developed through ”Forward-backward Translation” followed by a pilot study. The questionnaire was completed by a total of 203 adults who were recruited by web and paper survey. Out of these, 86 participants experienced voice problems. Obvious group differences were observed in that the group With experienced voice problems generated higher mean scores than the group Without experienced voice problems. No overlaps were observed. A principal component analysis (PCA) was largely consistent with a three component structure that, combined with the group separation, affirmed high construct validity. Moreover, concurrence between the Swedish version and the VoiSS-original was found. Calculated values of sensitivity and specificity confirmed a high diagnostic validity. The conclusion was made that the self-assessment questionnaire with good validity was able to diagnose experience of voice problems. In conclusion, preliminary validation showed that the Swedish version of VoiSS can be used as a diagnostic tool in assessing voice problems. However, more research needs to be done to ensure the questionnaires adaptation to clinical context.
20
Dessì, Giulia. "Voice-over e forme ibride di YouTube: proposta di adattamento del documentario e video essay "The Hobbit Duology"." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20389/.
Full textAbstract:
Il presente elaborato è costituito dall'analisi di una proposta di adattamento in voice-over dall'inglese all'italiano di The Hobbit Duology, una serie di tre video pubblicati su YouTube che costituiscono un esempio dell'ibridazione dei generi in atto sulla piattaforma: si tratta infatti di un ibrido tra documentario e video essay, un genere diffuso su YouTube che unisce intrattenimento e critica cinematografica. Il progetto ha avuto un duplice scopo: sperimentare il voice-over, una modalità legata in Italia e in Europa Occidentale al documentario e al non-fiction in generale, su uno dei nuovi tipi di prodotti non-fiction di Internet, e analizzare la percezione degli elementi culturospecifici presenti da parte di un pubblico della cultura d'arrivo che grazie a Internet potrebbe avere avuto maggiori contatti sia con prodotti audiovisivi americani che con la cultura del Web, ancora prevalentemente anglofona.
21
Sepielak, Katarzyna. "Voice-over in multilingual fiction movies in Poland. Translation and synchronization techniques, content comprehension and language identification." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392684.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tesis doctoral analiza las voces superpuestas de películas multilingües en Polonia. Primero se centra en diferentes técnicas de traducción y sincronización aplicadas en las voces superpuestas en películas multilingües y luego analiza el procesamiento de la información, la comprensión y la identificación de los distintos idiomas en las películas con voces superpuestas. Se han formulados tres objetivos: 1) Establecer cómo los elementos multilingües se traducen en las películas con voces superpuestas en polaco; 2) Establecer la relación entre las técnicas de sincronización y traducción de las películas multilingües con voces superpuestas y analizar qué combinaciones de técnicas de sincronización y de traducción son más eficientes en la expresión de contexto multilingüe; 3) Analizar cómo los elementos multilingües son procesados, tanto en películas multilingües con voces superpuestas como con subtítulos. Con estos objetivos en mente, se han llevado a cabo dos estudios descriptivos y uno experimental.
El primer estudio muestra que la introducción de elementos multilingües en los textos de origen es un procedimiento deliberado, que a menudo desaparece en los textos de llegada. El análisis del corpus muestra que los elementos multilingües se reducen significativamente en las versiones polacas. El análisis revela que sólo dos técnicas, de imitación y de exposición, refuerzan el contexto multilingüe en las versiones traducidas. Otras técnicas más frecuentes borran la diversidad lingüística presente en las versiones originales. Sin embargo, como la banda sonora original en las películas con voces superpuestas es audible hasta cierto punto, la sincronización hábil de las dos bandas sonoras ayuda a marcar contexto multilingüe en las películas.
El segundo estudio indica que existe cierta relación entre los diferentes tipos de sincronía y algunas técnicas de traducción, sobre todo, la condensación, la transferencia, la paráfrasis y decimación. Sin embargo cada sincronía muestra diferentes patrones en cuanto a la naturaleza de esta relación. En el caso de isocronía, la relación es definitivamente no causal. La práctica habitual consiste en el hecho de que el lector lea la traducción después de escuchar el original, sin pautas en cuanto al número exacto de segundos que deben pasar antes de comenzar la lectura de la traducción. La sincronía literal aparece en muy pocos casos. La relación de este tipo de sincronía con las técnicas de traducción también es casual. La sincronía quinésica se mantiene en la mayoría de los casos gracias a las técnicas de transferencia y condensación. El análisis también revela que de los cuatro tipos de sincronías, la isocronía es la única que ayuda a exponer contexto multilingüe en las películas. Dada su naturaleza, ya que expone la banda sonora original aunque por un corto período de tiempo, esta sincronía podría aumentar la diversidad lingüística en la película. Estos resultados llevan a la pregunta si esta diversidad es procesada por los espectadores. Esta cuestión se trata empíricamente en el tercer estudio. Por razones comparativas y de control, el tercer estudio añade el subtitulado para el análisis.
Los resultados del experimento muestran que la comprensión del contenido depende de la modalidad de traducción audiovisual, con mejores resultados en la condición de subtitulado que de las voces superpuestas. Los resultados sugieren que el procesamiento de información en los programas con voces superpuestas no es tan eficiente como en la versión subtitulada. Los resultados indican que el modo de traducción audiovisual no predice el rendimiento en la detección del número de idiomas hablados por los personajes en producciones multilingües. Por último, se concluye que ni la modalidad de traducción audiovisual ni los personajes multilingües y monolingües son predictores significativos de la identificación de idiomas hablados por personajes en una película multilingüe.This dissertation analyzed voiced-over multilingual movies in Poland. In particular, it focused on different translation and synchronization techniques applied in voiced-over multilingual movies and then shifted its focus to information processing, comprehension and identification of various languages in voiced-over movies. Three main objectives were formulated in this research: 1) To establish how multilingual elements are translated in voiced-over movies into Polish; 2) To establish the relationship between synchronization and translation techniques in multilingual movies voiced-over into Polish and to analyze which combinations of synchronization and translation techniques are most efficient in rendering multilingual context; and 3) To test how multilingual elements are processed by Polish viewers in both voiced-over and subtitled multilingual movies. With those objectives in mind, two descriptive and one experimental studies were carried out. The first study showed that introducing multilingual elements in source texts was a deliberate procedure, which often disappeared in the target text. The analysis of the corpus showed that multilingual elements were significantly reduced in the Polish versions. The analysis revealed that although many translation techniques were detected in utterances with L3 elements, only two techniques—imitation and exhibition—reinforced multilingual content in the translated version. Other techniques, most frequently encountered, just erased linguistic diversity present in the original versions. However, as the original soundtrack in voiced-over movies is still audible to some point, skillful synchronization of the two soundtracks helped in marking multilingual context in the movie. The second study indicated that the relationship between different synchrony types and some translation techniques, mainly condensation, transfer, paraphrase and decimation did exist but each synchrony showed different patterns as to the nature of this relationship. In the case of voice-over isochrony, the relationship was definitely not causal. The standard practice consisted of the voice artists reading the translation after hearing the original utterance with no guidelines specifying the exact number of seconds they should leave before starting reading the translation. Literal synchrony appeared in very few cases. The relationship of this type of synchrony with translation techniques could also be qualified as random Action and kinetic synchronies, on the other hand, were kept in most of the cases and transfer and condensation were the most common techniques that could be related to them. The analysis also revealed that out of four types of synchronies, voice-over isochrony is the only one which actually helped expose multilingual context in the movie. Given its nature, as it exposed the original soundtrack even if for a short amount of time, this synchrony might enhance the linguistic diversity in the movie. This led to the question whether this diversity was in fact processed by viewers, an inquiry that was empirically addressed in the third study. For comparative and controlling reasons, the third study introduced subtitling to the analysis. The results of the experiment showed that content comprehension depended on the audiovisual translation mode, yielding higher levels of performance in the subtitled condition than in the voice-over one. At the same time, the findings suggested that information processing in voiced-over programs was not as efficient as in the subtitled version. Second, the results indicated that the audiovisual translation mode did not predict the performance on detection of the number of languages spoken by character in multilingual productions. Finally, it was concluded that neither the AVT mode nor the multilingual and monolingual characters were significant predictors of character– language pair identification in a multilingual movie.
22
Braley, Paula J. "Taking Control of the Narrative: Exploring Own Voices in Translation from Dante to ESL Classrooms." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1588868847166228.
Full text
23
Ribeiro, Mariana Oliveira. "Pediatric Voice Related Quality of Life (pVR- QOL): tradução e adaptação para o português europeu." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4746.
Full textAbstract:
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Terapêutica da FalaO presente estudo tem como principais objetivos a tradução e adaptação do questionário de autoperceção de qualidade vocal- Pediatric Voice Related Quality of Life (pVR- QOL) para falantes do Português Europeu, assim como a realização de um pré-teste. O referido questionário foi traduzido e adaptado para o Português por especialistas na Língua Inglesa e Portuguesa. Contou ainda com a colaboração de Terapeutas da Fala e profissionais da área da Qualidade de Vida. A versão final deste questionário, intitulada como “Questionário de Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Voz Pediátrica (QVRVp)” foi aplicada a 44 pais. Foram formados dois grupos: 37 pais de crianças sem patologia vocal, que frequentam o Colégio de Ermesinde e 7 pais de crianças com patologia vocal diagnosticada, acompanhadas no Centro Hospitalar do Porto- Hospital de Santo António. Como principais resultados obtidos podemos salientar a média de idades de 7,64 anos e que 50% da amostra é do sexo feminino e 50% do masculino. Em relação ao grupo patológico 4 crianças são do sexo feminino e 3 do masculino, enquanto no grupo não patológico 18 crianças são do sexo feminino e 19 do masculino. Verificaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos. De forma discriminativa, 8 de 10 perguntas permitem identificar o grupo com patologia, em comparação com o grupo sem patologia. Com esta investigação é possível concluir que o questionário em estudo pode ser utilizado como instrumento na avaliação e intervenção de Terapia da Fala, nas perturbações vocais da população pediátrica. Deste modo facilita-se a maior consciencialização para os problemas da voz, cada vez mais frequentes em idades precoces.
The main aims of this study are the translation and adaptation of a vocal quality self-perception questionnaire – Pediatric Voice Related Quality of Life (pVR-QOL) – for European Portuguese speakers, as well as the completion of a pretest. This questionnaire was translated and adapted into Portuguese by specialists in English Language and Portuguese. It also counted with the collaboration of Speech Therapists and experts in the field of Quality of Life. The final version of the questionnaire titled “Questionário de Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Voz Pediátrica (QVRVp)” was applied to 44 parents. Two groups were formed: 37 parents of children without vocal pathology, attending the College of Ermesinde and 7 parents of children diagnosed with vocal pathology, who attained the Centro Hospitalar do Porto – Hospital de Santo António. As main results we can point out the average age of 7.64 years and that 50% of the sample was female and 50% male. In terms of disease group, 4 children are female and 3 are males, while in non-pathological group 18 children are female and 19 are male. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups. In a discriminative manner, 8 out of 10 questions identify the disease group compared with the group without pathology. With this research we conclude that the questionnaire used in this study can be a tool in the assessment and speech therapy intervention, in paediatric voice disorders. Thus, it allows greater awareness of voice problems, which are increasing in younger ages.
24
Lee, Ya-Chen. "Chen Qigang's voices, 1995-2008 : cross-cultural aesthetics, nationalism, translated modernity, gender and politics." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531172.
Full text
25
Reid, Joshua. "He Do the Orlando Furioso in Different Voices: Ariosto’s Ventriloquizing Presence in English Translation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2860.
Full textAbstract:
One of Ariosto’s signature narrative features in the Orlando furioso is the use of personae—such as the Inkeeper in Canto 28—to tell stories. These narrator stand-ins allow for Ariosto to displace unsavory perspectives via narrative ventriloquism, where the teller is condemned while the scandalous tale is still allowed to be told. This paper explores how English translators have adapted Ariosto’s use of narrative personae in their translations of the Orlando furioso, exploiting these voices in their translations for sociopolitical ends. In some instances, Ariosto himself becomes a ventriloquized presence in the translations, a source author persona who voices the translator’s projected misogynistic or salacious content.
26
Rusanen, Sirius. "Character voice in subtitles: a case study of the Japanese subtitles of The Witcher." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och lärande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37461.
Full textAbstract:
In storytelling, one of the most important functions of dialogue is to create characterisation. Character voice is each character's unique style of speaking, which can impart explicit or implicit information about characters, such as their personality, age, or gender. Japanese language texts are known to use gendered language and role language (yakuwarigo) as a way of creating characterisation and character voice.This case study examines the English dialogue and the Japanese subtitles of four characters (Tissaia, Yennefer, Geralt, and Jaskier) from the series The Witcher. The aim was to categorize the strategies used to recreate the original character voice, to mark the differences in the character voices, and to examine their possible impact on the overall characterisations. The study concludes that the main strategy in creating character voice was gendered language and role language. Overall, the English and Japanese character voices were roughly equivalent with each other, and the used gendered language was supported by the characters’ personalities or appearance. The character Jaskier had the most differences between his English and Japanese dialogue, most likely due to the difficulties in recreating his brand of humorous tone in subtitle form.
27
Fabbri, Carolina. "San Mao, la voce del deserto. Proposta di traduzione." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22149/.
Full textAbstract:
Il presente elaborato propone una traduzione dal cinese all’italiano di un estratto de I racconti del Sahara, un’opera che include alcune delle storie più belle di San Mao, l’autrice taiwanese che ha conquistato il continente asiatico. L’analisi, che non si concentra unicamente sulla traduzione, inizia esaminando la storia politica e letteraria di Cina e Taiwan, necessaria a comprendere il contesto sociale in cui l’opera si è affermata sul mercato di entrambi i paesi, e prosegue tracciando un profilo biografico dell’autrice, in modo da comprendere meglio il suo stile di vita ‘bohémien’ nonché le ragioni del suo successo.
Si parlerà poi delle tecniche traduttive utilizzate. In particolare, dopo una breve introduzione alle principali teorie sulla traduzione letteraria, alcune delle quali sono alla base della mia attività traduttiva, verrà presentata un’analisi traduttologica specifica di quegli elementi la cui traduzione ha richiesto un maggiore impegno.
28
Larsson, Katarina. "Det är typ en rolig historia : Översättning av en amerikansk ungdomsbok med kommentar." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-149610.
Full textAbstract:
I denna uppsats undersöks de skevheter, diskrepanser och skillnader som kan uppstå vid en översättning . Källmaterialet som ligger till grund för uppsatsens översättning är en amerikansk ungdomsbok av Ned Vizzini, It’s Kind of a Funny Story (2006). Den teoretiska bakgrunden bygger på bland annat Tourys termer acceptability (acceptans) och adequacy (adekvans) och strategier från Vinay och Darbelnet används vid översättningsarbetet.The present study examines the discrepancies and differences that occur when translating an American youth novel into Swedish. The novel in question is It’s Kind of a Funny Story (2006) by Ned Vizzini. The theories used for analysis are based on previous research from, among other, Toury and his terms acceptability and adequacy, and the strategies used during the translation were presented by Vinay and Darbelnet.
29
Gustafsson, Erik, and Fredrik Larsson. "Översättning och validering av Voice-Related Quality of Life." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logopedi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-77932.
Full textAbstract:
En röststörning kan sägas föreligga då rösten inte fungerar eller låter som den brukar så att det påverkar kommunikationen. Prevalensen för röststörningar uppskattas till omkring 6 % av den vuxna befolkningen. När rösten inte fungerar som den ska leder det till emotionella, sociala och funktionella svårigheter för individen och har negativ inverkan på livskvaliteten. Voice- Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) är ett självskattningsformulär som mäter vilken inverkan en röststörning kan ha på individens livskvalitet. Detta instrument är internationellt välanvänt, men har inte funnits översatt till svenska. Syftet med föreliggande uppsats var att översätta och validera V-RQOL för en svensk population. Översättningen skedde genom så kallad back translation och den svenska versionen fick namnet Röstrelaterad livskvalitet (RRL). RRL och Rösthandikappindex (RHI) distribuerades i pappersformat till en röstpatientgrupp (n = 88) och en röstfrisk grupp (n = 110). Reliabiliteten av domänerna och samtliga tio påståenden på RRL var hög för patientgruppen med Cronbach’s alfa- värden från 0.82 till 0.90. Det fanns en tydlig relation mellan den självskattade röstkvaliteten och poängen på RRL och formuläret kunde även differentiera mellan röstpatienter och röstfriska. Dessa resultat indikerar att formulärets begreppsvaliditet är god. Pearson’s korrelationsanalys visade att det fanns en signifikant negativ korrelation mellan RRL:s och RHI:s domäner och totalpoäng. Detta starka samband mellan ”the gold standard”, RHI, och RRL innebär en god kriterierelaterad validitet för formuläret. Sammanfattningsvis visar resultaten att RRL har hög reliabilitet och god validitet, dessutom är formuläret kort vilket innebär en liten arbetsinsats. Formuläret anses därför vara ett pålitligt och värdefullt tillägg i den kliniska bedömningen av röststörningar.A voice disorder can be said to exist when the voice does not work or sound as it normally should in a manner so that it interferes with communication. The prevalence of voice disorders is estimated to be about 6 % of the adult population. When the voice does not work as it should it may lead to emotional, social and functional difficulties for the individual and with negative effects on the quality of life. Voice- Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) is a self-reporting questionnaire which measures the effect of a voice disorder on the quality of life of an individual. The instrument is frequently used internationally, but no Swedish translation has existed. In the present study, the purpose was to translate and validate V-RQOL for a Swedish population. The method for translating the questionnaire was back translation. The translated questionnaire was given the Swedish name Röstrelaterad livskvalitet (RRL). RRL and the Swedish version of The Voice Handicap Index, Rösthandikappindex (RHI), was distributed to a group of voice patients (n = 88) and a group of non-voice patients (n = 110). The reliability of the domains and the combined items of RRL was high according to Cronbach’s alpha with alpha values ranging from 0.82 to 0.90. There was a strong relation between the self–estimated voice quality and the scores on RRL, and the RRL- questionnaire was shown to differentiate between voice patients and non-voice patients. These results indicate that the construct validity of the questionnaire is good. Pearson’s correlation analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation between the domains and total scores of RRL and RHI. This strong relation between “the gold standard”, RHI, and RRL proved that the criterion validity of the questionnaire is good. In summary the results show that RRL has a high reliability and good validity, in addition to this, the questionnaire is short and requires minimal work. The questionnaire is therefore considered to be a reliable and valuable addition to the clinical assessment of voice disorders.
30
Connelly, Heather. "Speaking through the voice of another : how can art practice be used to provoke new ways of thinking about the transformations and transitions that happen in linguistic translation?" Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17999.
Full textAbstract:
Speaking through the voice of another is a practice-based PhD that employs art practice to interrogate translation (as a textual and verbal practice). It uses linguistic translation as both the subject and the method to make multimedia artworks (text, sound, performance and events) that examine and analyse the translation process itself. The research has been conducted from my own subjective position, as an artist and monolingual speaker (a translation user rather than translation professional), investigating translation as a dialogic, subjective, embodied and performative phenomena. It adopts a self-reflexive methodology that places equal value in theoretical and experiential knowledge and proposes that an artist-led inquiry challenges assumptions, translation protocols, conventions and normative behaviour. The artists and artworks discussed in the thesis examine the translators /translation s agency and its linguistic performativity; exploiting it s creative potential as an artistic process/medium and amplifying its pivotal role within the expanding global art world. This transdisciplinary approach has resulted in the creation of translation zones - works and events devised to engage monolingual and multilingual individuals, professional translators, practitioners and public(s) in the process of translation - that offer an alternative perspective on translation (to research carried out within Translation Studies). Consequently, generating new knowledge that contributes to our understanding of translation and art and beyond both disciplines, creating a new transdisciplinary genre of art-and-translation. The artworks are an integral part of the thesis submission; samples and documentation of these are accessible within the full interactive PDF ersion. The layout of the thesis has been specifically designed to ease communication of the research, it uses various visual cues to distinguish between different types of information and to demonstrate my research praxis; the continual movement between theory and practice.
31
Modrea, Andreea. "Ideology, subversion and the translator's voice: A comparative analysis of the French and English translations of Guillermo Cabrera Infante's Tres Tristes Tigres." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26718.
Full textAbstract:
For the past twenty years, there has been a growing trend in translation studies to follow a deconstructionist philosophy and give translators authorship of their work. Translation, in this sense, is no longer a target language equivalence of an 'original' text by an author, but rather a creative process of 're-writing.' In this regard, translators have the possibility of showing their own voice in the translation.
The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether either of the French or English translators (Albert Bensoussan and Suzanne Jill Levine, respectively) of the Cuban novel Tres Tristes Tigres (Barcelona: 1967) intervened in the text to show their own voices; and in Levine's case, whether this intervention corresponded to a declared ideology of 'subversion.'
A systematic analysis of the wordplay in Chapters 16, 17 and 18 of the two translations reveal significant differences. Whereas the French translation has only minor adjustments, the English translation shows a large number of alterations to existing source text wordplay as well as additional instances of wordplay. In the final tally, there are almost twice as many instances of wordplay in Levine's English translation than in the Spanish source text.
From the results of the analysis and from Levine's own self-portrayal in her book The Subversive Scribe (St. Paul: 1991), it would appear that her extensive intervention in the text is ideologically motivated. However, closer examination of circumstances surrounding the actual translation process reveals that the author, Guillermo Cabrera Infante, greatly influenced the final 're-writing.' Therefore, Levine's translation was not so much subversion as it was a sub-version of the original.
32
Zapata, Rojas Julian. "Traduction dictée interactive : intégrer la reconnaissance vocale à l’enseignement et à la pratique de la traduction professionnelle." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23227.
Full textAbstract:
Translation dictation (TD) is a translation technique that was widely used before professional translators’ workstations witnessed the massive influx of typewriters and personal computers. In the current era of globalization and of information and communication technologies (ICT), and in response to the growing demand for translation, certain translators and translator trainers throughout the world are seeking to (re)integrate dictation into the translation practice. Contrary to a few decades ago, when the transcription of translated texts was typically carried out by professional typists, the translation industry is currently turning to voice recognition (VR) technologies—that is, computer tools that serve to transcribe dictations automatically. Although off-the-shelf VR systems are not specifically conceived for professional translation purposes, they already seem to provide a more ergonomic and efficient approach, for those translators who are already using them, than does the conventional method, i.e., typing on a computer keyboard. This thesis introduces the notion of Interactive Translation Dictation (ITD), a translation technique that involves interaction with a VR system. The literature review conducted for this research indicated that integrating VR technologies into the practice of translation is not new; however, it showed that past efforts have proved unsuccessful. Moreover, an analysis of the needs of translators who use VR systems shed light on why translators have turned to VR software and what their opinions of these tools are. This analysis also allowed us to identify the challenges that VR technology currently presents for professional translation. This thesis is intended as a first step towards developing translation tools that are both ergonomic, i.e., that take into account the human factor, and efficient, allowing translators to meet the needs of the current translation market. The thesis also advocates a renewal of translator training programs. Integrating ITD into translation training and practice means (re)integrating spoken translation techniques that were used in the past and VR technologies that are now emerging. For such integration to be effective, significant technical, cognitive and pedagogical challenges will first need to be overcome.La traduction dictée (TD) est une technique de traduction amplement utilisée avant l’arrivée massive des machines à écrire et des ordinateurs personnels sur les postes de travail des traducteurs professionnels. À l’heure actuelle, devant la demande croissante de traduction à l’ère de la mondialisation et des technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC), certains traducteurs en exercice et des formateurs en traduction du monde entier considèrent la (ré)intégration de la TD à la pratique traductive. Contrairement à la méthode d’il y a quelques décennies, où la transcription des traductions était normalement produite par un copiste professionnel, on considère l’utilisation des technologies de reconnaissance vocale (RV) : des outils informatiques pouvant prendre en charge la transcription de dictées. Bien que les systèmes de RV sur le marché ne soient pas adaptés à la pratique de la traduction spécifiquement, ils semblent apporter, à ceux qui les utilisent déjà, une approche plus ergonomique et plus efficace que la méthode conventionnelle, c’est-à-dire la saisie au clavier d’ordinateur. La présente thèse introduit la notion de traduction dictée interactive (TDI) comme technique de traduction en interaction avec un système de RV. Lors de la revue de la littérature pour le présent projet, nous avons constaté que l’intérêt à intégrer la RV à la traduction professionnelle n’est pas nouveau, mais que les efforts précédents n’ont pas connu de succès définitif. Également, une analyse des besoins de certains traducteurs utilisant des systèmes de RV nous a éclairé sur la nature des motivations de ces traducteurs à se tourner vers la RV, sur leurs opinions vis-à-vis de cette dernière et sur les difficultés que posent les systèmes de RV pour les tâches d’ordre traductif. Notre thèse se veut un premier pas vers la conception d’outils d’aide à la traduction à la fois ergonomiques, c’est-à-dire prenant en compte le facteur humain, et efficaces, permettant de combler les besoins actuels du marché de la traduction. Elle se veut également une proposition de renouvèlement des programmes de formation à la traduction. Intégrer la TDI à la formation et à la pratique traductives, c’est (ré)intégrer des techniques de traduction orale utilisées par le passé et des technologies émergentes de RV. Et pour que cette intégration soit optimale, des défis importants d’ordre technique, cognitif et pédagogique restent à être surmontés.
33
Lindhagen, Emma. "Passifying the Passive : A contrastive study of the use of the passive in Naguib Mahfouz’s al-Ṯulāṯiyya and its Swedish translation." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för mellanösternstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-139736.
Full text
34
Paffetti, Victor Osório Diegoli. "Tradução e adaptação transcultural do Protocolo de avaliação de voz do deficiente auditivo (PAV-DA) para a língua inglesa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25143/tde-12062018-172604/.
Full textAbstract:
A maioria dos instrumentos formais e objetivos disponíveis para avaliação e diagnóstico da voz, utilizados por fonoaudiólogos no Brasil, é traduzida e adaptada de uma língua estrangeira para o português brasileiro, já que a tradução e adaptação transcultural de instrumentos existentes para uma determinada língua contribui para a compreensão dos quadros de distúrbios da comunicação humana. Além disso, há uma carência de protocolos voltados especificamente para a avaliação e diagnóstico da voz de deficientes auditivos, que apresentam características vocais comprometidas pela falta do monitoramento auditivo durante a comunicação oral. Assim, o presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar a tradução e adaptação transcultural do Protocolo de Avaliação de Voz do Deficiente Auditivo (PAV-DA) para a língua inglesa, com o intuito de proporcionar globalmente a diversas populações uma versão do instrumento em língua inglesa para a prática clínica. Os autores do instrumento original, que foi desenvolvido na Universidade de Brasília-UnB em parceria com a Faculdade de Odontologia de BauruFOB/USP, autorizaram o seu uso para o desenvolvimento deste estudo. Foram submetidos à tradução e adaptação transcultural para a língua inglesa, o protocolo em si e mais quatro seções que foram utilizadas na validação do mesmo na língua portuguesa: Apresentação e Instruções; Definições de Voz, Fala, Problema de Voz e Problema de Fala; Questionário I; Questionário II. Uma banca de especialistas composta por dez fonoaudiólogos, cinco brasileiros e cinco norte-americanos, analisou o material traduzido em relação às equivalências semântica, idiomática, experimental e conceitual. Foram realizadas comparações dos resultados das avaliações da banca. Para tal, foi utilizada a análise de variância (ANOVA) como critério para medidas repetidas e o teste de Tukey como pós-teste, sendo adotado nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Primeiramente, o material foi traduzido do português brasileiro para o inglês por um profissional da área de Tradução. Em seguida, foi retrotraduzido, ou seja, traduzido do inglês para o português, por um segundo tradutor. Posteriormente, um terceiro profissional realizou a versão consenso, por meio de comparação entre as duas versões anteriores do instrumento. Por fim, a versão consenso foi enviada à banca de especialistas, que atribuíram notas de zero a dez, analisaram e sugeriram alterações para a versão consenso. Em relação às notas atribuídas, o protocolo em si foi a seção melhor avaliada (média 8,7). Houve diferença de notas entre as seções avaliadas pelos brasileiros (p=0,003), sendo que a nota da seção de apresentação foi menor do que as demais. Após a avaliação pelos especialistas, as devidas alterações foram realizadas. Após todo esse processo, foi possível traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente o Protocolo de Avaliação de Voz do Deficiente Auditivo (PAV-DA) para a língua inglesa, cuja versão final foi intitulada Protocol for the Evaluation of Voice in Subjects with Hearing Impairment (PEV-SHI).Most objective and formal instruments available for voice assessment and diagnosis used by speech-language pathologists and audiologists in Brazil are translated and adapted from a foreign language into Brazilian Portuguese, since the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of existent instruments promote a better understanding of human communication disorders. In addition, there is a paucity of instruments specifically focused on the evaluation of voice in subjects with hearing impairment who have compromised vocal characteristics due to the lack of auditory monitoring during oral communication. Thus, this study aimed at translating and cross-culturally adapting the Protocolo de Avaliação de Voz do Deficiente Auditivo (PAV-DA) into English, providing different populations with an English language version of the protocol for clinical practice in global contexts. The authors of the original instrument, which was developed by the University of Brasilia- UnB, in partnership with the Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo, have authorized the use of it in this study. The protocol itself and four auxiliary sections (Presentation and Instructions; Definitions of Voice, Speech, Voice Problem, Speech Problem; Questionnaire I; Questionnaire II) used for the validation in the Brazilian Portuguese were translated and cross-culturally adapted into English. A committee composed of ten expert speech-language pathologists and audiologists, five Brazilians and five North Americans, analyzed the translated material based on semantic, idiomatic, experimental and conceptual equivalences. The scores given by the committee were compared by using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) as a criterion for repeated measures and the Tukey test as a post-test, with 5% level of significance (p<0.05). First, the material was translated from Brazilian Portuguese into English by a professional of the Translation field. After that, it was back-translated, that is, translated again, from English into Brazilian Portuguese, by a second translator. Subsequently, a third professional created the consensus version, by means of comparison between the previous versions of the material. Finally, the consensus version was sent to the committee of experts, who rated it from zero to ten, analyzed it and suggested alterations for the consensus version. In relation to the obtained scores, the protocol itself was the best rated section (average 8.7). There was a difference among the sections rated by the Brazilians (p=0.003). The ratings for the Presentation and Instructions section was lower than the others. After the experts rated the material, the appropriate alterations were made. At the end of this entire process, it was possible to translate and cross-culturally adapt the material, whose final version is entitled Protocol for the Evaluation of Voice in Subjects with Hearing Impairment (PEV-SHI).
35
Abdollah, Shamshirsaz Sanaz. "Apply QFD methodology to capture 'unheard' voices of UK care home residents and translate them into quality measurement targets for future improvement." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/10559.
Full textAbstract:
In the planning and delivery of services the voice and choice of consumers have appeared as the foremost key factors. For a large number of organisations the received feedback from customers about the quality of services, which are the criteria and indication of their level of satisfaction play a crucial role in the improvement of quality. Although across developed western communities, the importance of customers’ views has gained acceptance, few studies have been dedicated to the exploration of the voice of the residents in care homes. The review of the literature regarding residents’ satisfaction and quality in care homes revealed that the voices of residents in care homes are usually not heard or are absent. Moreover, the adoption of quality improvement tools in health care has lagged behind that in other industries and there is generally a failure to use an appropriate methodology in care homes, one based on residents’ voice, for improving quality. As a result, the main aim of this research is to investigate residents’ voice regarding improving their satisfaction in care homes. Further, the researcher seeks to obtain data by using an appropriate methodology to assist care home managers in enhancing the quality of the services they offer by assigning weights to quality indicators pertaining to improving quality and residents’ levels of satisfaction. For this purpose, this research employs both qualitative and quantitative approaches to develop a research process entailing: (1) a comprehensive literature review to recognise the phenomenon; (2) interviews with fifteen older people who lived in three different care homes in order to discover the most important residents’ needs and requirements in such homes; (3) a resident survey with one hundred and two residents in thirty five care homes. These were conducted to assess their preferences for the importance of demanded qualities; their satisfaction with provided services and the attributes of each demanded quality based on the Kano model, in order to identify the priority of improvement. Next, (4) there was the development of the House of Quality (HoQ) to optimize quality to assure residents’ satisfaction; and finally, (5) an evaluation study was conducted with thirteen service providers, in order to assess the accuracy and appropriateness of the methodology. This research has contributed towards a better understanding of the residents’ voice, and applying it for enhancing quality and residents’ satisfaction in care homes. For the first time residents’ requirements are prioritised and classified in this context through accurate methods. Moreover, an understanding of the attributes of care home residents’ needs in relation to a Kano model has been elicited. The novelty of this proposed methodology is in utilising the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) in care homes to translate the voice of residents’ regarding their requirements into service planning. The research methodology and results facilitate care home managers with a hierarchy for improvement planning at both service and executive management levels.
36
Molini, Nicola. "Il voice-over nella traduzione audiovisiva: caratteristiche distintive e proposta di adattamento in italiano del documentario I am fishead: are corporate leaders egostistical psychopaths?" Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17940/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this work is to offer a thorough definition of voice-over as an audiovisual translation mode, list and describe its distinctive features, comparing different opinions by various scholars, and implement them to adapt a real documentary film from US English into Italian, while showing the challenges found during the translation process, explaining how they were dealt with and providing a work-streamlining model for future translators. Voice-over has often been neglected in translation studies literature, but it has been recently matching the popularity it has in the audiovisual market, where it is the main mode of translation for non-fictional products, at least in the Western world. The film chosen for this dissertation is entitled I am fishead: are corporate leaders egotistical psychopath?, by Czech directors Misha Votruba and Vaclav Dejcmar. It deals mainly with psychopathy, and more specifically corporate psychopathy, as one can tell from the title, and the abuse of antidepressants and psychiatric medications in the USA.
37
Agliozzo, Andrea. "Mutarsi in altra voce : funzioni della metrica nell'opera di Franco Fortini." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL030.
Full textAbstract:
Cette recherche se propose d’étudier la notion de « métrique » au sein de l’œuvre poétique et critique de Franco Fortini. Ce concept fera l’objet d’une analyse esthétique croisée aux domaines de l’éthique et de la politique. Le travail s’articule autour des différentes significations des concepts de métrique et de biographie, un couple de concepts utilisé par Fortini comme titre d’un poème publié dans « Officina » en 1955 et lors d’une conférence présentée à Genève en 1980. Nous avons divisé notre recherche en trois parties. Dans la première partie, nous avons examiné les concepts clés du parcours poétique et intellectuel de Fortini – à savoir l’histoire, la littérature, la forme et la figure – analysés selon leurs significations respectives dans le parcours biographique de l’auteur. Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons ensuite analysé les essais sur la métrique publiés vers la fin des années cinquante, pour sonder le lien entre « liberté » et « nécessité » à la lumière de la dialectique entre individu et collectivité. Cette partie tisse aussi une comparaison entre la théorie du vers et la pratique de composition chez Pasolini, les Novissimi et Amelia Rosselli, et développe une étude anthropologique sur la relation entre le rythme et le mètre à partir de l’œuvre de Ernesto De Martino. La troisième et dernière partie, enfin, expose les limites d’une métrique conçue comme « mesure arithmétique », en approfondissant la réflexion sur la forme à la lumière de la critique du rythme d’Henri Meschonnic, comparée au travail de traduction de Fortini. L’étude de ce rapport nous a ainsi permis d’évaluer l’impact des modèles de Brecht et de Goethe sur le choix formel de l’auteurThe research investigates the notion of “metrics” in Franco Fortini’s works, extending aesthetic inquiry to ethics and politics. The work is based on the different variations of the couple metrics and biography, used by Fortini as a title for both a poem published in 1955 and a conference paper presented at the University of Geneva in 1980: these dates set the time span of the research. The thesis is composed of three parts. The first one examines the key concepts of Fortini’s poetic and intellectual path – history, literature, form and figure – in the different meanings that they assume along his biographical trajectory. The second part analyses the essays of the late 1950s about metrics and stylistic criticism, verifying the relationship between «freedom» and «necessity» in a dialectic between the individual and the community. The second part also hosts a confrontation with the theory of verse and compositional practice of Pasolini, the Novissimi and Amelia Rosselli. The third and last part shows the limits of a metric conceived as an «arithmetic measure»: in order to delve into the theory of form, I confront Meschonnic’s critique of rhythm with Fortini’s translations. The study of these latter allows us to estimate the impact of models such as Brecht and Goethe on the formal choices of the author
38
Pierson, Alison. "Rôle des Pioneer Translation Products (PTPs) dans la réponse immunitaire anti-tumorale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS446/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les vaccins thérapeutiques anti-tumoraux reposent sur l’activation du système immunitaire adaptatif et sont basés sur la reconnaissance des antigènes tumoraux (AT) par les lymphocytes T auxiliaires et cytotoxiques spécifiques. Leur efficacité nécessite une sélection méticuleuse des antigènes cibles ainsi qu’une présentation antigéniques par le CMH de classe I (CMH-I) dans les tumeurs non modifiée. Alors que l’attention s’est d’abord portées uniquement sur les AT dérivés de séquences exoniques, ceux dérivés d’évènements de traduction alternatifs ont été montrés comme ayant un fort potentiel en tant que cibles. Ces derniers peuvent dérivés d’une traduction de séquences dîtes « non traduites », initiée par des codons alternatifs ou dans un cadre de lecture non canonique. Une telle traduction alternative des ARN épissés dans le noyau et donnant naissance aux Pioneer Translation Products (PTPs) a été décrite. Ces derniers ont été montrés comme source de peptides pour la voie de présentation des antigènes par le CMH-I. Récemment, nous avons montré que les antigènes dérivés des PTPs et présentés par les tumeurs sont capables d’entrainer une réponse lymphocytaire T cytotoxique in vivo et de contrôler la croissance tumorale. Lors de ma thèse, nous avons identifié la molécule inhibitrice de l’épissage isoginkgetin comme modulateur positif de cette présentation dans les cellules cancéreuses. De plus, nous avons observé qu’un de ses dérivées, l’IP2, qui est soluble dans l’eau et moins toxique que l’isoginkgetin, est de même capable d’augmenter la présentation des antigènes dérivés des PTPs dans les tumeurs in vitro, ainsi que de réduire la croissance tumorale in vivo de manière dépendante de la réponse immunitaire. Ainsi, le composé IP2 se révèle être un immunomodulateur de la réponse anti-tumorale efficace et prometteur pour le développement de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiquesAnti-tumoral therapeutic vaccines rely on the activation of the adaptative immune system and are based on the recognition of tumor antigens (TA) by specific helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Their efficacy requires a careful selection of the targeted antigens as well as an unaltered MHC class I (MHC-I) antigenic presentation in tumors. While the focus was first put on exome-derived TA, evidences highlighted the ones derived from alternative translations as having a high potential as T-cells targets. These can be derived from translation of allegedly non coding sequences, initiated at alternative codons or performed in non-canonical open reading frames. Such an alternative translation occurring from pre-spliced mRNAs in the nucleus has been described as giving rise to the Pioneer Translation Products (PTPs), which constitute a source of polypeptides for the MHC-I pathway. Recently, we showed that PTPs-derived antigens presented by tumors are able to elicit a CTL response in vivo that controls tumor growth. Here, we identified one positive modulator of PTPs-derived antigenic presentation in cancer cells: the splicing inhibitor isoginkgetin. Then, we provided one of its derivatives, the IP2, which is water soluble and less toxic than the isoginkgetin, and showed that IP2 treatment increases PTPs-derived antigenic presentation of cancer cells in vitro and reduces tumor growth in vivo in an immune-dependent manner. Hence we describe here the IP2 as a new efficient immunomodulator of the antitumor response, promising for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies
39
Chinellato, Lucrezia. "La spontanéité conquise dans l'oeuvre de Luigi Meneghello. La voie du plurilinguisme." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030147.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse porte sur l’analyse des ouvrages de Luigi Meneghello les plus fortement marqués par le plurilinguisme : Libera nos a malo, Pomo pèro, Maredè, maredè…, Dispatrio et Trapianti. Elle se pose comme objectif d’argumenter le travail stylistique qui sous-tend la réalisation de la prose plurilingue de l’auteur, dont la caractéristique dominante est une apparente spontanéité. La première partie de cette étude parcourt la réflexion de Meneghello afin de comprendre les raisons et les enjeux de l’utilisation littéraire des langues appartenant à son expérience biographique, à savoir le dialecte de son village natal (sa langue maternelle) et l’anglais, la langue de son pays d’adoption. La deuxième partie de cette étude se consacre en revanche au repérage et à l’analyse de procédés stylistiques récurrents, employés par l’auteur en vue de l’instauration d’une dimension polysémique du texte plurilingue. Cette enquête explore plus particulièrement le travail d’approfondissement métalinguistique que l’auteur voue à sa langue maternelle et la pratique de la traduction littéraire d’œuvres anglophones, conçue comme un véritable lieu d’échange et d’enrichissement mutuel entre langues et entre œuvres littérairesThe main focus in this thesis is Luigi Meneghello’s litterary works, which are substantially influenced by plurilingualism: Libera nos a malo, Pomo pèro, Maredè, maredè…, Dispatrio and Trapianti. Its principal objective is to reveal the foregoing stylistic work on Meneghello’s plurilingual prose, which is characterised by an apparent spontaneity. The first part of this essay discusses the author’s thinking about using different languages in the literary text. These languages are related to his biographical experience: his birth village dialect (his native language) and English language, of his adopted country. The second part of this essay aims to identify and analyse stylistic processes used by the author to create a plurilingual text’s polysemic dimension. Moreover this investigation explores especially the field of metalinguistic observation of the native local language and the practice of literary translation from English, which is conceived as a real field of exchange and mutual enrichment between languages ant literary works
40
York, Christine. "Voices and Silences: Exploring English and French Versions at the National Film Board of Canada, 1939-1974." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31195.
Full textAbstract:
Voices and Silences: Exploring English and French Versions at the National Film Board of Canada, 1939-1974
Abstract
The National Film Board of Canada (NFB) is unique as a state-sponsored filmmaking institution for its bilingualism: it has consistently produced and distributed films in English and French and made versions of some of those films in the opposite language. This doctoral thesis fills a gap in existing literature on the NFB and in translation studies by taking the versions as its object of study. The corpus is drawn from the vast body of audiovisual productions made by the NFB between 1939 and 1974, when voice-over was the preferred mode of audiovisual translation. Voice-over can refer to either the translated narration that replaces the original voice of narration-led documentaries, or to the audiovisual voice-over of documentaries built around interviews and spontaneous speech.
Against the backdrop of asymmetrical language relations between English and French in Canada, this thesis offers a retelling of the NFB’s early history that emphasizes the intertwining threads of English and French production and identifies several approaches to version making. From 1939 to the mid-1950s, with English-language production dominant at the NFB and little original production in French, versions from English to French were a central element of film in Quebec. They bear witness to an interventionist approach to translating, whereby the original film is treated as raw material that can be shaped to appeal to local audiences. Subsequently, an increase in French original production, reflecting changing documentary aesthetics and growing nationalism in Quebec, led to a correspondingly higher number of French-to-English versions. These versions adopted a mediating approach by adding a narrator’s voice in English to originals that eschewed narration, bringing the innovative French films into conformity with the traditional model. The period from 1967 to 1974 is one of fragmentation and is characterized by a high level of non-translation, whether of the Challenge for Change/Société nouvelle films or those of Studio D. The few films that were versioned, however, showed great sensitivity to language. Non-translation of a different kind can be found in many Aboriginal films produced at the NFB. The NFB’s long-standing commitment to translation makes it a valuable site for studying audiovisual translation practices and changing language relations in Canada.
Voix et silences : Une exploration des versions anglaises et françaises produites par l’Office national du film du Canada, 1939-1974
Résumé
L’Office national du film du Canada (ONF), institution financée par l’État pour la création d’œuvres cinématographiques, se distingue par son bilinguisme, car il a toujours produit et distribué ses films en anglais ou en français tout en prenant soin de fournir une version dans la langue opposée. La thèse se penche sur ces versions et vient combler un vide dans les recherches sur l’ONF ainsi qu’en traductologie. Le corpus à l’étude provient d’une vaste production audiovisuelle réalisée entre 1939 et 1974, époque où le mode de traduction privilégié des documentaires était la voix hors-champ. Ce terme désigne autant la narration traduite qui remplace la voix originale que la voix en surimposition utilisée pour les entrevues et le discours spontané.
La thèse relate les débuts de l’ONF dans le contexte des relations asymétriques entre l’anglais et le français au Canada et porte un regard neuf sur les liens entre les studios anglophones et francophones en plus de décrire certaines tendances dans la production de versions. De 1939 jusqu’au milieu des années 1950, lorsque l’anglais dominait, par rapport aux rares films produits originalement en français, les versions françaises traduites de l’anglais contribuèrent substantiellement à la cinématographie québécoise. Elles témoignent d’une stratégie de traduction interventionniste, par laquelle le film original est considéré comme une matière première que l’on peut manipuler afin d’accrocher le public local. Par suite d’un changement dans l’esthétique du documentaire et de la montée du nationalisme québécois, les originaux en langue française s’accrurent et entraînèrent une augmentation des versions du français à l’anglais. Celles-ci usèrent d’un mode de médiation qui consistait à rajouter une voix narrative anglophone aux films novateurs en français, du fait qu’ils avaient évacué la narration, soumettant ainsi les créations originales au modèle traditionnel. La période de 1967 à 1974 en est une de fragmentation se caractérisant par un nombre élevé de films non traduits, tels que ceux produits dans le cadre du programme Challenge for Change/Société nouvelle ou par le Studio D. Les quelques productions qui furent traduites, cependant, connurent des versions d’une grande sensibilité linguistique. Un phénomène de non-traduction, mais d’un autre ordre, s’observe par ailleurs dans certains films autochtones. Depuis longtemps, l’ONF s’est engagé à traduire ses productions; c’est ce qui en fait un site riche pour l’étude des pratiques de la traduction audiovisuelle et du changement des relations entre les langues au Canada.
41
Chassé, Héloïse. "Régulations traductionnelles de l'embryon précoce d'oursin : recrutement des ARNm dans les polysomes à la fécondation." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066503/document.
Full textAbstract:
La synthèse protéique est une étape importante de la régulation de l'expression des gènes. Dans beaucoup d'espèces animales, les premières étapes du développement embryonnaire sont majoritairement ou exclusivement basées sur l'utilisation des messagers maternels stockés dans l'ovocyte. L'embryon d'oursin est un modèle avantageux pour l'étude du contrôle traductionnel de l'expression des gènes lors du développement précoce. La fécondation provoque l'activation de la machinerie traductionnelle conduisant à une augmentation de synthèse protéique nécessaire à la reprise des cycles mitotiques et au départ du développement embryonnaire. Les modifications touchant la machinerie traductionnelle qui ont lieu à la fécondation sont à l'origine du recrutement polysomal des messagers stockés. Ainsi, l'ensemble des ARNm maternels est-il globalement traduit, ou existe-t-il une sélection des ARNm qui vont être traduits précocement ? Et s'il y en a, quels sont les modes de sélection ? Au cours de ce travail de thèse, nous avons obtenu le répertoire complet des ARNm traductionnellement régulés à la fécondation, et montré que seule une sous-partie du stock de messager est traduite en réponse à la fécondation, avec un enrichissement de messagers codant pour des protéines régulatrices. Enfin, de manière originale, ce travail a permis la mise en évidence de la diversité et de la complexité des voies de signalisation en amont de la régulation traductionnelle, qui concourent à la sélectivité de la traductionProtein synthesis is a crucial step for gene expression regulation. In many animal species, the early steps of development are based on translation of stored maternal mRNAs. Sea urchin embryo is a powerful model to study translational control during early development. Fertilization triggers the activation of translational machinery, leading to the increase of protein synthesis which is necessary to cell cycle entry and early embryonic development. Translational machinery modifications are responsible for the polysomal recruitment of the stored maternal mRNAs. Thus, are all the stored maternal mRNAs translated, or is there any selection of the translated mRNAs? If so, what are the mechanisms driving this selectivity? Over this work, we obtained the entire subset of the translationally regulated mRNAs, and demonstrated that only a part of the stored maternal mRNAs is actively translated at sea urchin fertilization, with an important enrichment of mRNAs coding for regulatory proteins. Finally, this work highlighted the diversity and the complexity of the signaling network upstream the selective polysomal recruitment
42
Damasceno, Rodrigo Lôbo. "Situação do autor na poesia moderna: Fernando Pessoa e Ezra Pound." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8150/tde-29062015-151506/.
Full textAbstract:
Esta dissertação propõe um estudo comparativo das obras críticas e poéticas de Fernando Pessoa e Ezra Pound, partindo da hipótese central de que a leitura conjunta dos seus textos proporciona um ângulo privilegiado de análise, tanto de seus procedimentos específicos quanto de alguns dos aspectos axiais da poesia moderna e das tensões que os constituem. Focaliza, para tanto, as estratégias formais que os poetas utilizam na busca por uma espécie de despersonalização poética (seja na escrita de poesia, seja em sua leitura e em sua crítica): os fenômenos da heteronímia e da persona. Como eixo organizador dessa leitura, encontra-se a relação dos dois autores com a tradição literária entendida como arquivo de escritos que caberia ao poeta contemporâneo (moderno e antimoderno) conservar e renovar, o que os faz assumir uma postura contrária à das manifestações mais severas das vanguardas, sobretudo do Futurismo italiano, com as quais polemizam. A tradição, supostamente morta pelos decretos vanguardistas, deve então reviver e retornar nas obras de Pessoa e de Pound que encontram na crítica, na experiência da voz (da multiplicidade de vozes que funda e conforma a poesia) e na tradução os meios próprios para esse retorno. Os ideais de uma despersonalização poética, cristalizados nos expedientes da persona e da heteronímia (mas postas em movimento também em suas traduções e páginas críticas), são lidos aqui, portanto, como passos em busca da conservação e da renovação das vozes que vêm da tradição. Situados num período de extremismos estéticos (nos quais eles também incorrem constantemente), Pessoa e Pound são lidos nessa dissertação como marcos em que a modernidade poética se realiza e ao mesmo tempo se trai, balizas em que o novo e o antigo têm suas definições borradas e em que a modernidade se define por meio de suas próprias indefinições e contradições.This dissertation proposes a comparative study of critical and poetic works by Fernando Pessoa and Ezra Pound, based on the central hypothesis that the joined reading of their texts enables a privileged angle of analysis with respect to their specific procedures as well as to the axial aspect of modern poetry and its constituting tensions. As such, the present study focuses on the formal strategies utilized by the poets in their quest for poetic depersonalization (whether in their writing of poetry, or in their reading and critique): the phenomena of heteronymia and of persona. The organizing axis of this reading is framed within the relation of both authors to literary tradition understood as an archive of writings that is bestowed upon the contemporary (modern and anti-modern) poet for conservation and renovation, forcing them to assume a negative position towards the more severe vanguard manifestations, namely towards Italian Futurism. Tradition, supposedly dead at the hands of vanguard decrees, must therefore relive and return in the works of Pessoa and Pound who find in criticism, in the experience of the voice (of the multiplicity of voices that founds and conforms poetry) and in translation the means by which it can return. The ideals of a poetic depersonalization, crystallized in the expedients of the persona and heteronymia (but set in movement also through translation and critical pages) are hence understood as crucial steps in the search for conservation and renovation of the voices that come from tradition. Situated in a period of aesthetic extremisms (from which they are never far themselves), Pessoa and Pound are read as milestones in which poetic modernity is effected at the same time as it is betrayed, where the new and the old have their definitions blurred, bringing about a definition of modernity that is composed by its very own indefiniteness and contradictions.
43
Ahmad, Ramiar. "The influence of yakuwarigo and gendered language on character portrayals : A case study of the Japanese translation of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets by JK Rowling." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och lärande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37450.
Full textAbstract:
The book Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, written by the prolific author J.K.Rowling, is a popular piece of fiction that has been adapted into a film as well as severalvideogames. The book has also been translated from its original English into dozens oflanguages, including Japanese. Translations can differ from their original counterparts,especially when the languages in question differ in their syntax and cultural norms. Thesedifferences can potentially alter the original author’s intended character portrayals.This project aimed to evaluate the effect of gendered language and yakuwarigo on charactervoices in the Japanese translation of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. Fourcharacters – Hermione, Hagrid, Dumbledore, and McGonagall – were evaluated bymeans of their spoken dialogue in the book. The English lines of dialogue and their Japanesecounterparts were extracted from the book and analysed.The results of the dialogue-analysis show that the dialogue in the Japanese version of thebook was more gendered, and exhibited typical signs of role language. These findingswere corroborated through the use of separate questionnaires for Japanese and Englishparticipants. The questionnaires asked participants to determine the gender and role ofcharacters purely on the basis of certain lines in the book, with no external contextprovided. Japanese participants managed to identify both the gender and role of charactersmore accurately.
44
Guemiri, Ramdane. "Etude de l’implication du complexe eIF4F dans la réponse immune antitumorale via la régulation traductionnelle de l’axe STAT1-PD-L1 dans le mélanome métastatique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS351.
Full textAbstract:
Résumé : L’immunothérapie anti-PD1 est à l’origine de résultats cliniques impressionnants dans le traitement de certains cancers comme le mélanome métastatique ou le lymphome Hodgkinien. Néanmoins, les rechutes sont fréquentes et certaines tumeurs y sont d’emblée résistantes. Par ailleurs, l’étude du complexe d’initiation de la traduction eIF4F gagne de plus en plus d’intérêt dans le domaine du cancer. En effet, eIF4F joue un rôle fondamental dans la biologie des cancers grâce au contrôle sélectif de la synthèse de protéines impliquées dans le développement tumoral.Dans cette étude, nous montrons que l’inhibition du complexe eIF4F, en plus d’avoir un effet antitumoral directe via l’inhibition de la croissance tumorale in-vitro, a une action indirecte grâce à l’inhibition de l’expression de PD-L1 sous IFN-g, évitant ainsi le blocage des lymphocytes cytotoxiques suite à l’engagement PD-1/PD-L1. Dans un modèle murin de mélanome, nous avons montré une inhibition de la croissance tumorale grâce à l’inhibition de l’expression de PD-L1, uniquement dans des souris immunocompétentes, montrant ainsi le rôle fondamental du système immunitaire. Nous avons ensuite identifié la voie de régulation de PD-L1 par eIF4F via une régulation traductionnelle de l’ARNm de STAT1, principal facteur de transcription de PD-L1 sous IFN-g.Cette étude apporte une nouvelle preuve de l’intérêt des inhibiteurs d’eIF4F dans le cancer en démontrant leur effet immunothérapeutique via l’inhibition de PD-L1, évitant ainsi l’interaction PD-1/PD-L1 qui conduit à l’échappement des tumeurs. Ces résultats ouvrent la voie vers de nouvelles stratégies dans la lutte contre le cancerThe eukaryotic translation initiation complex eIF4F is subject of an increased interest in the field of cancer. This heterotrimeric complex, comprising the RNA helicase eIF4A, the cap-binding protein eIF4E and the scaffold protein eIF4G, is known to be more abundant and active in tumor cells than non-malignant counterparts.In a previous work, we showed that this complex is implicated in the resistance to melanoma-targeted therapies (Boussemart et al, Nature 2014). Furthermore, it is implicated in the resistance to various chemotherapies. Thus, agents targeting the eIF4F complex appear as promising tools in the field of cancer therapy.On the other hand, immunotherapy, by (re)stimulating and enhancing the host immune system against tumors is giving good clinical results in oncology treatment and appears nowadays as the most promising approach to fight cancer, especially anti-PD1 treatment. Even though immunotherapy has demonstrated remarkable results in curing some established cancers, such as advanced melanoma or Hodgkin’s lymphoma, many tumors relapse or fail to respond. It is thus important to still look for a new strategy enhancing the efficacy of actual treatments. Here, we propose to study the impact of inhibiting the eIF4F complex on the tumor-specific immune response
45
Makarian, Joelle. "Rôle du facteur d’initiation eIF3h dans la réinitiation de la traduction et dans la pathogénèse virale chez les plantes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ089.
Full textAbstract:
La réinitiation de la traduction est un mécanisme permettant de traduire des ORF qui sont présents dans la région leader de différents ARNm cellulaires (uORF). La majorité des cas de réinitiation de la traduction chez les eucaryotes concerne des uORF de petite taille. Des stratégies alternatives ont été développées, entre autres par les virus, afin de réinitier la traduction après un long uORF. Le virus de la mosaïque du chou-fleur (CaMV) exprime un ARNm polycistronique codant la totalité des protéines virales. L’une d’entre elle, la protéine TAV (TransActivateur/Viroplasmine) est un facteur essentiel qui rend possible la réinitiation de la traduction après de longs ORF et qui, de plus, active la protéine kinase TOR. La sous-unité h du facteur d’initiation de la traduction eIF3, requise pour promouvoir la reinitiation après un petit ORF chez les plantes, a été identifiée comme étant une nouvelle cible de phosphorylation de la voie de signalisation de TOR. L’objectif principal de ma thèse a été d’élucider la fonction de la protéine eIF3h dans la réinitiation après un petit ORF ainsi que dans la réinitiation de la traduction, assurée par TAV, après un long ORF. Nous avons exploité les lignées transgéniques eif3h-1 d’Arabidopsis exprimant la protéine eif3h tronquée de son extrémité C-terminale, qui sont déficientes pour la réinitiation mais pas pour l’initiation de la traduction. Nous avons montré que la phosphorylation de eIF3h est essentielle pour stabiliser eIF3 au niveau des ribosomes durant l’élongation, ce qui favorise la ré-acquisition par le ribosome de facteurs nécessaires à la réinitiation de la traduction, et que la délétion de sa région Ct abolit son intégration dans le complexe eIF3. De plus, nous avons montré que eIF3h, la cible de la voie de signalisation de TOR, interagit avec S6K1. Des protoplastes préparés à partir des plantes mutantes eif3h-1 sont incapables de promouvoir la réinitiation après de longs ORF en présence de TAV. La surexpression de eIF3h, indifféremment de son état de phosphorylation, est indispensable pour restaurer la reinitiation assurée par TAV dans les protoplastes eif3h-1. Par ailleurs, les plantes eif3h-1 déficientes dans la réinitiation, sont résistantes à l’infection par le CaMV démontrant l’importance de eIF3h pour la réplication du CaMV. En revanche, ces plantes eif3h-1 peuvent être infectées par d’autres virus dont la traduction de l’ARN génomique est coiffe- ou IRES-dépendante. Ainsi, nos résultats suggèrent que eIF3h est un facteur de reinitiation important aussi bien pour la reinitiation après un petit qu’après un long ORF (controlée par TAV), et que TAV exploite cette machinerie cellulaire, et plus particulièrement TOR et eIF3h, pour exprimer ses propres protéines par réinitiation de la traductionTranslation of mRNAs that harbor upstream open reading frames (uORFs) within their leader regions operates via a reinitiation mechanism. In plants, reinitiation is up regulated by the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling via phosphorylation of the subunit h of initiation factor 3 (eIF3). The eif3h-1 mutant expressing the C-terminally truncated eIF3h while maintaining high translation initiation efficiency is not active in reinitiation. Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) pregenomic polycistronic RNA is translated via an exceptional mechanism of reinitiation after long ORF translation under control of CaMV protein TAV, which ensures activation of TOR. To find the link between underlying mechanisms, we examined eIF3h function in cellular and viral context. Here we show that eIF3h, if phosphorylated, has a role in recruitment of eIF3 into actively translating ribosomes that is a prerequisite for formation of reinitiation-competent ribosomal complexes. C-terminal truncation of eIF3h abolished its integration into the eIF3 complex and eIF3 loading on polysomes as manifested by the eIF3 core subunit c. We also show that eIF3h as a putative target of TOR/S6K1 binds S6K1 in vitro. eIF3h phosphorylation is not required for eIF3 complex formation. We demonstrated that eIF3h is essential for TAV to activate reinitiation after long ORF translation. Protoplasts derived from eif3h-1 mutant failed to support TAV function in reinitiation, which is restored only upon overexpression of recombinant eIF3h indifferent to its phosphorylation status. eif3h-1 mutant defective in reinitiation was found resistant to CaMV infection suggesting that eIF3h is critical for virus amplification. In contrast, viruses that evolve translation initiation dependent on either cap or the internal ribosome entry site infect reinitiation deficient mutant. Thus, we conclude that TAV exploits the basic cell reinitiation machinery, particularly TOR and eIF3h, to overcome cellular barriers to reinitiation after long ORF translation
46
Srour, Ola. "Caractérisation de protéines interagissant avec eIF4E, phosphorylées par TOR et modulant l’initiation de la traduction coiffe-dépendante chez Arabidopsis." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ091.
Full textAbstract:
Chez les mammifères l’initiation de la traduction et, plus particulièrement, la formation du complexe eIF4F, est principalement régulée par la protéine kinase TOR (Target of rapamycin). Cette voie de régulation fait intervenir les protéines 4E-BP (eIF4E-binding proteins) dont l’activité est modulée par la phosphorylation par TOR. Sous leur forme non-phosphorylée, les 4E-BP se lient au facteur d’initiation eIF4E, empêchent son recrutement dans le complexe eIF4F et inhibent ainsi l’initiation de la traduction. Phosphorylées par TOR, les 4E-BP perdent leur affinité pour eIF4E et sont remplacées par eIF4G ce qui active la traduction. La régulation de l’initiation de la traduction par TOR via 4E-BP a été bien décrite dans plusieurs modèles eucaryotes, tels que la levure, les insectes et les mammifères, mais reste encore obscure chez les plantes. Les recherches réalisées au cours de ma thèse ont permis l’identification de deux protéines homologues de 4E-BP chez Arabidopsis. Ces protéines, que nous avons appelées ToRP1 et ToRP2 (TOR Regulatory Proteins), sont caractérisées par la présence d’un motif consensus indispensable pour la liaison à eIF4E, et qui existe chez les protéines 4E-BP des mammifères ainsi que chez eIF4G et eIFiso4G d’Arabidopsis. La protéine ToRP1 est capable d’interagir spécifiquement avec eIF4E, mais aussi avec TOR via son extrémité N-terminale en système double-hybride de levure. ToRP1 et ToRP2 ont également été caractérisées comme étant des cibles directement phosphorylées par TOR chez Arabidopsis. Deux sérines, en position 49 et 89 dans la protéine ToRP1, ont été identifiées comme des sites potentiels de cette phosphorylation. De plus, l’état de phosphorylation de ces sites affecte l’interaction avec eIF4E en système double-hybride de levure. Par ailleurs, des plants d’Arabidopsis déficients en ToRP1 et ToRP2 renforcent la traduction strictement coiffe-dépendante de l’ARNm CYCB1;1, alors que la surexpression de ToRP1 ou de ToRP2 réprime sa traduction. Ces résultats suggèrent donc que les protéines ToRP, identifiées chez Arabidopsis, sont de nouvelles cibles directes de TOR, qui, par leur phosphorylation, régule l’initiation de la traduction coiffe-dépendanteThe target of rapamycin (TOR) is an evolutionarily conserved kinase that is a critical sensor of nutritional and cellular energy and a major regulator of cell growth. TOR controls cap-dependent translation initiation, in particular the assembly of the eIF4F complex, by modulating the activity of eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs). In their unphosphorylated state 4E-BP proteins sequester eIF4E and repress translation. Upon phosphorylation by TOR, 4E-BPs have a low affinity binding to eIF4E and are replaced by eIF4G thus activating translation initiation. 4E-BPs have been discovered in yeast and mammals but remain to be obscure in plants. Here, we identified and characterized two Arabidopsis proteins termed TOR Regulatory Proteins (ToRPs 1 and 2) that display some characteristics of mammalian 4E-BPs. ToRP1 and ToRP2 contain a canonical eIF4E-binding motif (4E-BM) found in mammalian 4E-BPs and Arabidopsis eIF4G and eIFiso4G. ToRP1 interacts with eIF4E, and, surprisingly, the N-terminal HEAT domain of TOR in the yeast two-hybrid system. ToRP1 and ToRP2 are highly phosphorylated at several phosphorylation sites in TOR-dependent manner in planta. Two of these phosphorylation sites have been identified as—S49 and S89—their phosphorylation status modulates ToRP1 binding to eIF4E in the yeast two-hybrid system. In plant protoplasts, ToRP2 can function as translation repressor of mRNAs that are strictly cap-dependent. Our results suggest that ToRPs can specifically bind the Arabidopsis cap-binding proteins (eIF4E/eIFiso4E) and regulate translation initiation under the control of TOR
47
Chen, Yu-Ning, and 陳昱甯. "The Study of Women’s Voice in Contempoary Taiwan and Japanese Literature : Taking Lai Xiang-Yin ‘s “the Translator” and Tsushima Yuko’s “Amariniyabanna” as the central focuses." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56073138505297870020.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
台灣文學研究所
100
This thesis , featuring on two novels in contemporary Taiwan and Japan, Taiwanese writer Lai Xiang-Yin ‘s “the Translator” and Japanese writer Tsushima Yuko’s “Amariniyabanna,” aims to discuss the women’s voice in Taiwan Literature. Both of the novels mention “voice” in the text, and there are also women speaking out for the elder generation in the storylines. Hence, first I will review the theories dealing with women’s voice: the Feminist Narratology, gender discourses and literary theories as to create a method to discuss the women’s voice in the texts. In “the Translator,” the actor is silent vocally while her inner voice never stops. By this comparison, though losing the oral speaking, the women’s inner voices do not be repressed by patriarchy. And “Amariniyabanna” reveals three kinds of women’s voices in the text, the Japanese woman living in Taiwan in colonial period, the woman with a child passed away as well as the women’s point of view of the “Wushe Incident.” By analyzing the letters, diaries and the utterance in the novel, women’s voice appear clearly without the bother from patriarchy. In conclusion, in this two texts, instead of resistance, women’s voices show their reflection toward the Nationalism / patriarchy .
48
Sun, Lin. "Comparative analysis of english and chinese passive voice in machine translation." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/7983.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado, Processamento de Linguagem Natural e Indústrias da Língua, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2014With the development of the human society and the progress of technology, machine translation not only makes it possible for human to translate one source language to the other target languages automatically, but also makes human communication easier than before. It is undeniable that in recent years machine translation has been improved a lot, however, due to the fact that human language is much more complicated and each language has its uniqueness, machine translation still has a long way to go before it can give a qualified output. As a very important linguistic phenomenon, passive voice has been commonly used in different languages around the world, it is also one of the complicated grammatical aspects for a machine to translate. Take the translation of English and Chinese as an example, since these two languages do not belong to the same family, it is normal that they differ in varied grammatical aspects, including passive voice. In this study, the major differences and similarities of the passive voice in these two languages have been pointed out. In field of machine translation, two machine translation system, Google translator and Baidu translator have been tested with three hundred passive voice sentences taken form a English-Chinese parallel corpus, to see their capacity of translating the passive voice from one language to the other. As a result, all the mistakes have been categorized in order to improve the quality of machine translation.
49
Lin, Shih En, and 林詩恩. "Voice Structure Analysis in Chinese-English Translation at Sentence and Text Levels." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51436850286432587991.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
應用外語研究所
96
This thesis focuses on pure translation studies for describing and explaining translation phenomena, looking at translation from contrastive linguistics and language communicative functional angles. This thesis has two purposes. The first purpose is to use two translation theories, i.e. Vinay and Darbelnet’s (1958/95) translation approach and Catford’s (1965) translation approach to analyze the voice translation between Chinese and English on the sentence level. The second purpose is to use Reiss’s text type theory (1977/89) to analyze the shift of text types in voice structure translating between Chinese and English texts. This thesis has four findings. First, Vinay and Darbelnet’s translation strategy, modulation, is used on voice structure translation when English passive voice is translated into Chinese active voice or vice versa, but Catford does not have a similar strategy like modulation. Second, transposition of Vinay and Darbelnet and class shift of Catford are similar strategies by applying to voice structure translation between English and Chinese. Third, the application of textual equivalence, level shift and literal translation has overlaps on voice structure analysis. Fourth, when the text type is informative and the text variety is scientific texts in English and Chinese, the passive verb is often used in English and the active verb is commonly used in Chinese. Moreover, when the text type is informative and the text variety is abstract texts in English and Chinese, the active verbs may be used in both English and Chinese.
50
Liang, Huang-Pin, and 梁晃斌. "English To Chinese Translation of "Troubled Voices: Stories of Ethics & Illness" and Translation Studies." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74mfgd.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長榮大學
翻譯學系碩士班
103
The main purpose of this paper is to translate parts of the book “Trouble Voices: stories of ethics & illness”, written by Richard M.Zaner, published in 2001 and discuss translation skills applied during translation process. This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter provides the background of the motive and purpose of this paper. The second chapter provides a brief introduction of the author and content of the book. The third chapter describes the principle and strategies adopted in translation process. The forth chapter is the translated text of the source book. The fifth chapter discusses the translation skills and offers the comparison between the author’s translation and published Chinese version. The concluding chapter, chapter six, provides translators some opinions and suggestions based on the author’s studies. The principles of translation are accuracy and fluency. Besides understanding exactly the source texts, expressiveness is a challenging job. The only trick of improving work is to promote translation ability. Therefore, increasing reading comprehension and linguistic sensitivity, accessing cross-field articles and participating in practice of translation could raise translation competence.