Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Voie MAPK/ERK'
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Valjent, Emmanuel. "La voie mapk/erk : un substrat neurobiologique de la dependance aux substances toxicomanogenes." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066378.
Full textHaupaix, Nicolas. "Régulation de la voie MEK/ERK par la signalisation éphrine lors du développement neural chez l'ascidie Ciona intestinalis." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059798.
Full textCagnol, Sébastien. "Contrôle de la mort cellulaire par la voie des MAPK 1/3 (ERK 2/1)." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4033.
Full textProgrammed cell death or"apoptosis"is an evolutionary conserved feature of multicellular organisms necessary for normal development and tissue homeostasis. In living cells, the activity of the proteases that execute the apoptotic cell death program, the caspases, is controlled by survival signals emanating from the cellular environment. The regulatory components of the caspase cascade, caspase 9 and caspase 8, are activated respectively by the apoptosome and by death receptors. Survival signals elicited by extracellular matrix or growth factors activate signaling pathways that control the cell death machinery. The MAPK1/3 signaling pathway is a kinase cascade comprising Raf, MEK1/2 and MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2 or p42/p44 MapKinases) regulated by the proto-oncogene Ras. The MAPK1/3 pathway is implicated in cell proliferation and differentiation and plays an essential role in cell survival. This thesis objective was to characterize the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of cell death by MAPK1/3 pathway. This study relies on the use of an inducible form of Raf-1 kinase (DRaf-1:ER) those strong and persistent activation leads to a pathological induction of MAPK1/3 activity. We have been able to show that, depending on the cell type, DRaf-1:ER activation favors cell survival or induces cell death. In the lung fibroblastic cell line CCL39, DRaf-1:ER activation prevents cell death induced by serum withdrawal from the tissue culture medium. Under this experimental setting, we could show that DRaf-1:ER stimulation inhibits caspase 9 activation but did not prevent cytochrome c release, APAF1 oligomerization and caspase 9 recruitment in the apoptosome. This novel mechanism of cell death inhibition at a post-mitochondrial level requires ongoing protein synthesis and continuous MEK kinase activity. In HEK293, an embryonic kidney cell line that bares properties of neuronal lineage cells, sustained activation of the MAPK1/3 pathway in response to DRaf-1:ER induces massive cell death. Cell death is characterized by caspases activation and DNA fragmentation. It is a slow process, detectable more than 24 hours after DRaf-1:ER stimulation and maximal at 48 hours. Cell death induction needs protein synthesis only during the early stage of activation but requires a continuous activity of the MEK/MAPK module. Cell death results from caspase 8 activation and does not require the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. It is characterized by the formation of vacuoles in the cytoplasm that evoke paraptosis, a particular form of apoptosis. Functional inactivation of the death receptor Fas or its adaptator FADD indicates that the activation process of caspase 8 is independent of the death receptor pathway. Altogether, these results extend our understanding on the role of the Raf/MAPk pathway in the control of cell death. We have shown that in different cellular context, this signaling pathway can either promote cell survival or induce cell death. In both cases, cell death control requires protein synthesis and post-traductionnal modifications. Molecular mechanisms that respond to prolonged MAPK1/3 activation could be involved in tumor resistance to proapoptotic treatments as well as in the development of neurodegenerative diseases
Aoidi, Rifdat. "Étude du rôle de la voie ERK/MAPK dans le développement embryonnaire chez la souris." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27476.
Full textLes mammifères possèdent deux MAP kinases kinases (MEK1 et MEK2), impliquées dans l’activation de la voie ERK/MAPK essentielle pour la différenciation, la prolifération et la survie cellulaire. Le premier objectif de cette thèse était de déterminer si les fonctions des kinases MEK1 et MEK2 sont redondantes durant le développement embryonnaire. Les souris Mek1-/- meurent à mi-gestation d’une malformation du placenta. Les souris Mek2-/- ne présentent aucun phénotype majeur, suggérant que ces deux protéines ont des rôles différents. Cependant, la plupart des mutants Mek1+/-Mek2+/- meurent pendant la gestation d’un sous-développement du placenta, indiquant que Mek1 et Mek2 ont chacun un rôle dans le développement des tissus extraembryonnaires. À ce jour aucune évidence claire ne permet de statuer sur la redondance fonctionnelle de MEK1 et MEK2. Afin de vérifier la spécificité fonctionnelle de Mek1 et Mek2, nous avons généré au laboratoire un allèle « knockin », exprimant l’ADNc de Mek2 sous contrôle du locus Mek1 (Mek12). L’analyse de ces souris a révélé la redondance fonctionnelle entre MEK1 et MEK2. L’analyse de combinaisons alléliques de Mek a démontré qu’une expression minimale de protéines MEK est cruciale pour le développement embryonnaire et la survie. Le second objectif de cette thèse était de caractériser les mutants Mp1. Les protéines d’échafaudage permettent de moduler l’activité de la voie ERK/MAPK et facilitent la transmission rapide du signal. Parmi les protéines d’échafaudage connues, seule MP1 (Mek Partner 1) a été identifiée comme étant un partenaire spécifique de MEK1 et ERK1. Cette spécificité suggère que MP1 pourrait contribuer à la différence d’activation de MEK1 et MEK2 en spécifiant le signal qui passe par Mek1. Afin d’étudier le rôle de Mp1 au cours du développement chez la souris, nous avons généré des souris Mp1-/-. L’analyse de ces mutants indique que le gène Mp1 est essentiel pour la survie et que sa fonction est nécessaire suite à la post-implantation. La dérégulation de la voie ERK/MAPK dans le développement chez l’homme a aussi des conséquences phénotypiques. Au cours des dernières années, une classe de syndromes a été caractérisée : Les « Rasophaties ». Ces syndromes partagent des caractéristiques communes qui sont, une mutation dans des gènes de la voie ERK/MAPK, une dysmorphologie cranio-faciale, des malformations cardiaques et cutanées ainsi qu’un retard mental. Parmi les mutations de la voie ERK/MAPK qui ont été identifiées, une mutation ponctuelle dans le gène Mek1 (Mek1Y130C) cause le syndrome Cardio-Facio-Cutané (CFC). Le dernier objectif de cette thèse était de générer un modèle animal pour le CFC portant la mutation Mek1Y130C. Les souris portant l’allèle Mek1Y130C présentent les phénotypes associés au CFC (i.e sténose pulmonaire, dysmorphologie cranio-faciale et défauts neurologiques).
Mammals possess two MAP kinase kinase (MEK1 and MEK2), involved in ERK/MAPK pathway. This pathway is essential for proliferation, differentiation and cell survival. The first objective of my thesis was to determinate if MEK1 and MEK2 kinases are redundant during embryonic development. Mek1-/- mice die at embryonic day E10.5 due to placental defects, whereas Mek2-/- mice survive with a normal lifespan suggesting that MEK1 possesses functions not shared by MEK2. However, most Mek1+/-Mek2+/- embryos also die from placental defects, indicating that both Mek genes contribute to placental development. To date, no clear evidence on MEK1 and MEK2 redundancy has been provided. To assess the functional specificity of the Mek1 and Mek2 genes, we produced a Mek1-knockin allele in which the Mek2 coding sequences were placed under the control of Mek1 regulatory sequences. Analyzing these mice allowed us to demonstrate that MEK1 and MEK2 can substitute for each other and that a minimal amount of MEK is critical for placenta development and embryo survival. The second objective of my thesis was to characterize Mp1 mutants. Scaffold proteins modulate MAPK pathway by providing spatial and temporal specificity. Among known ERK/MAPK scaffold proteins, only MP1 (Mek Partner 1) is specific to MEK1 and ERK1, raising the question of the specificity of MP1 in the regulation of ERK/MAPK pathway via MEK1. In order to investigate Mp1 function in vivo, we generated Mp1 knock-out mice. Analyzing these mice enable us to suggest that Mp1 is required for embryonic development and is essential during post-implantation. Deregulation of Ras/MAPK pathway also causes developmental phenotypes in human. During the last decade, a new class of syndromes, which share common phenotypes such as mutations in Ras/MAPK pathway, cranio-facial dysmorphology, cardiac and cutaneous malformations and neurological delay has been described and named Rasophaties. Among the DNA mutations found in rasopathies, the Mek1 mutation, Mek1Y130C, causes cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFC). The last objective of my thesis was to generate a mouse model of CFC, with the Mek1Y130C mutation. I found that mice carrying the Mek1Y130C mutation partially recapitulate CFC syndrome (i.e pulmonary stenosis, crani-facial dysmophia and neurological defects).
Ghousein, Amani. "MiR-4510 inhibe le développement du carcinome hépatocellulaire en ciblant RAF1 et en inhibant la voie MAPK/ERK." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0020.
Full textAberrant micro(mi)RNA expression signature is a hallmark of many cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary malignant liver disease which ranks second in cancer mortality worldwide. Our team previously reported the downregulation of miR-4510 in HCC samples and identified this miRNA as a strong tumor suppressor in liver. Proteomic data analysis collected from Huh7 cells transfected by miR-4510 showed a significant decrease of multiple oncogenes including RAF1 serine/threonine protein kinase. I also found that RAF1 protein level is significantly increased in HCC patients. The role of RAF1 and miR-4510 in HCC being poorly understood, I studied the function of RAF1/miR-4510 pair in tumorigenesis of the liver. My results showed that miR-4510 overexpression significantly decreases both RAF1 protein and mRNA levels and inhibits MAPK/ERK signaling. The dual fluorescence-FunREG assay revealed that miR-4510 directly interacts with RAF1 3’-untranslated region through a unique site. Silencing of RAF1 in two hepatic cell lines by miR-4510 or a specific small interfering RNA suppressed important tumorigenic features (proliferation, migration….) both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, my data suggest that miR-4510 participates in liver carcinogenesis through RAF1 targeting and MAPK/ERK signaling inactivation. In addition, my study suggests that miR-4510-based therapy may represent a promising strategy to treat patients with advanced or refractory HCC
Simard, François. "Régulation de l'expression génique et de la sécrétion des cytokines chez le neutrophile humain : implication de la voie des MAPK MEK/ERK et son découplage." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6361.
Full textCagnol, Sébastien. "Contrôle de la mort cellulaire par la voie des MAPK1/3 (ERK2/1)." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00104792.
Full textMilanini-Mongiat, Julie. "Etude de la régulation transcriptionnelle du "VEGF" par la voie des MAPK Erk/p42/p44 : activation directe du facteur de transcription Sp1." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5615.
Full textBuffet, Camille. "Anomalies moléculaires de la voie MAPK et cancer papillaire de la thyroïde : étude de deux phosphatases spécifiques de ERK, DUSP5 et DUSP6." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T049/document.
Full textPapillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. Mutually exclusive and activating alterations of the MAPK pathway (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases) are identified in 70% of cases. Common mutations found in PTCs are point mutation of the B-RAF (50%) and RAS genes (10%) as well as RET/PTC chromosomal rearrangements (10%). The hot spot B-RAFV600E mutation is the most frequently alteration identified and is connected with agressive clinical characteristics (high stage at diagnosis, high recurrence risk and death). These molecular events lead to constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway, resulting in MEK (Mitogen-activated Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase) and ERK (Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase) phosphorylation. ERK is negatively regulated by phosphatases and among them, Dual Specificity Phosphatases (DUSPs), ubiquitary expressed, in particular two ERK-specific phosphatases DUSP5 (nuclear) and DUSP6 (cytosolic). We hypothesized that these phosphatases could have tumor supressor properties (i.e. their loss would be associated with an increase in MAPK pathway activation) or may serve as a surrogate marker of MAPK pathway activation in the context of a negative feedback loop. We analysed regulation and expression of both phosphatases in 3 models: three PCCL3 cell lines (rat thyroid cells) expressing one of the most common oncogene identified in PTCs (RET/PTC3 or H-RASV12 or B-RAFV600E) under the control of a doxycycline-inducible promoter, human PTC-derived cell lines and human PTC. We demonstrated that MAPK pathway activation was correlated with induction of DUSP5 and DUSP6. These phosphatases are involved in a negative feedback loop that contributes to a tight regulation of phospho-ERK levels. DUSP5 and DUSP6 mRNA are overexpressed in human PTCs, especially in B-RAF mutated tumors suggesting a higher MAPK signaling output in these agressive PTCs. Silencing of DUSP5 and/or DUSP6 by small interfering RNA does not affect proliferation of human B-RAFV600E thyroid carcinoma-derived cell lines, suggesting the lack of tumor suppressor gene role. Compensatory changes in expression of DUSPs when a specific one is inactivated may explain this lack of effect. On the opposite, a DUSP6 pharmacological inhibitor induced a concentration dependent decrease in proliferation of human B-RAFV600E cells, suggesting « off-target » effect of this inhibitor. In a second part, we analysed the regulation of DUSP5 expression, which is a target of the MAPK pathway activation. We demonstrated, using pharmacological inhibitors, that DUSP5 is an early response gene, regulated mostly by the MAPK pathway, at the transcriptional level. Two contiguous CArG boxes that bind serum response factor (SRF) were found in a 1Kb promoter region, as well as several E twenty-six transcription factor family binding sites (EBS). These sites potentially bind Elk-1, a transcription factor activated by ERK1/2. Using wild type or mutated DUSP5 promoter reporters, we demonstrated that SRF plays a crucial role in serum induction of DUSP5 promoter activity, the proximal CArG box being important for SRF binding in vitro and in living cells. Moreover Elk-1 was bound in vitro to a promoter region containing the proximal CArG box and a putative EBS. Its specific binding to SRF was necessary to elicit promoter response to dominant positive Elk-VP16 and to enhance the response to serum stimulation. Altogether our results suggest that the MAPK pathway is more active in B-RAFV600E PTC than in PTC with other genetic alteration and could explain their clinical agressivity. DUSP5 and DUSP6, as well as phosphorylated MEK, are markers of activation of the MAPK pathway. Neither phosphatase has tumor suppressor properties in our thyroid cancer cell models. Our results suggest redundancy and functional compensation among DUSPs. (...)
Pétigny-Lechartier, Cécile. "Intérêt de la modulation pharmacologique des voies PI3K / Akt / mTOR et MAPK / ERK pour la sensibilisation des cancers de l'ovaire aux molécules BH3-mimétiques." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC402/document.
Full textOvarian cancers depend on Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, two anti-apoptotic protein of the Bcl-2 family, for their survival and their inhibition seems to by a relevant strategy. The BH3-mimetic molecule ABT-737 (or its oral form, ABT-263), is a strong Bcl-xL inhibitor, but Mcl-1 inhibition remains problematic. Signaling pathways PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK regulate expression and activity of Mcl-1 and its BH3-only partners (Bim, Puma, Noxa). We focused on the interest of their inhibition to sensitize ovarian cancer cells to ABT-737. The first study with BEZ235, a PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor developed by Novartis, inhibits Mcl-1 expression and induces the one of Puma, and sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to ABT-737 provided that Bim expression is induced. The second study evaluated the effects of AZD8055, mTOR active site inhibitor developed by AstraZeneca, and of trametinib, MEK allosteric inhibitor developed by GlaxoSmithKline and currently in clinic, on three ovarian cancer cell lines. Mcl-1 expression inhibition and Puma expression induction by AZD8055 does not sufficiently reduce [Mcl-1/BH3-only proteins] ratio to sensitize cells to ABT-737. On the other hand, strong Bim induction in its active dephosphorylated form by trametinib sufficiently reduce this ratio to sensitize two of the three cell lines tested to ABT-737. Nevertheless, the triple combination AZD8055/trametinib/ABT-737 is the most efficient to induce massive apoptosis in the three cell lines. Besides, interestingly, AZD8055 and trametinib association is cytotoxic without ABT-737 in one of the tested cell lines. These results highlight the efficacy of different multi-targets therapeutic strategies and the need of predictive marker definition of the response to develop personalized treatment and to improve ovarian cancer management
Kundlacz, Cindy. "Cartographie des interactions virus-hôtes pour le virus de la fièvre catarrhale ovine et mise en évidence d'une nouvelle fonction portée par la protéine NS3." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1097.
Full textBluetongue virus (BTV) is the etiological agent of the bluetongue (BT) disease, a non-contagious arbovirus that affects a wide range of wild and domestic ruminants. It is transmitted by blood-feeding midges of the genus Culicoides. There are currently 27 serotypes described of BTV in the world that are distinguished by their differences in term of pathology/virulence and their capacity to infect and disseminate in their mammalian host(s). The first objective of my thesis project was to identify specific cellular interactions of serotype 8 and 27 to reveal new factors of pathogenicity/virulence and/or cross species barrier. To reach this goal, all the proteins encoded by BTV were used as baits to screen, by a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) approach, two complementary DNA libraries originating from hosts naturally infected by BTV : Culicoides and cattle. Therefore, 70 screens were performed to identify a hundred of new virus-host interactions and reveal an enrichment for four cellular processes : mRNA splicing, ribosomes, SUMOylation and apoptosis. This study allowed us to build the first interactome of BTV which continues through multiple biochemical and functional validations of the identified interactions. In parallel to this proteomics work, my second objective was to determine the impact of BTV on the MAPK/ERK pathway, a cellular pathway essential for cell proliferation and differentiation usually modulated during viral infections. In addition to its antagonist role on the type I interferon pathway, we have demonstrated the ability of BTV-NS3 to activate the MAPK/ERK pathway. Indeed, we have demonstrated that NS3 has the ability to increase the level of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 protein and the eIF4E translation factor. This function, which seems to be specific to BTV compared to other orbiviruses, involves the interaction of NS3 with BRAF cellular protein, a MAP3 kinase protein that plays a major role in the regulation of the MAPK/ERK pathway. These results could provide a better understanding of the molecular basis underlying the hijacking of the translation machinery to support virus replication but also constitute a hypothesis to explain the hyperinflammation observed in the BTV infection context
Marangoni, Pauline. "Unraveling development and ageing dynamics of the rodent dentition." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0965/document.
Full textThe evolution of the vertebrate dentition is among the most exciting topics in the evo-devo field, with particular attention being drawn to the mouse model. The mouse dentition includes four ever-growing incisors and twelve molars with a specific cusp pattern. Incisors and molars develop according to a tightly regulated molecular network.The ERK-MAPK cascade is involved at various stages of tooth development. Molar tooth phenotype comparisons in mutant mice for genes acting at various levels of the cascade highlighted a dental phenotype signature, which consists in the presence of a supernumerary tooth and shared cusp pattern defects. Some of these recall characters present in fossil rodents, supporting the ERK-MAPK as a good candidate to explain some evolutionary trends of the rodent dentition. By working on a mouse line over-expressing one of this pathway inhibitor in the oral epithelium, I perfect our understanding of Fgf gene role in specifying signaling center formation at the right stage, and in achieving correct mineralization.When considering evergrowing incisors, mouse dentition is also dynamic at the lifetime scale. I monitored the ageing process of the mouse upper incisors, and provided a chronology of occurrence of the variety of age-related defects display. These defects are set up from the six months on, the most frequent abnormality being the presence of an enamel groove along the surface of the incisor. Using Next Generation Sequencing technologies, I detected transcriptomic changes in the stem cell niches affecting cell proliferation and metabolism, as well as the stem cell niche functioning. The correlation found between the groove occurrence and a large immune response in dental tissues expands our concern for dental stem cell ageing
Willaime-Morawek, Sandrine. "Apoptose neuronale et second messager céramide : étude des voies de signalisation intracellulaires." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066339.
Full textBassalert, Cécilia. "Influence des voies de signalisation IGF et MAPK sur la spécification des lignages de l'embryon de souris préimplantatoire." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC029.
Full textDuring preimplantation, mouse embryo produces two cellular lineages, the trophectoderm (TE), and the inner cell mass (ICM), which differentiates in epiblast (Epi) and primitive endoderm (PrE), characterized respectively by the complementary expression of Nanog and Gata6. FGF/MAPK pathway plays a critical role in the acquisition of a PrE identity. I examined the expression of the markers of MAPK activity pERK, DUSP4 and ETV5. The analyze was performed with activation or inhibition of FGF/MAPK pathway and in mutant embryos for Nanog or Gata6. This showed that FGF/MAPK pathway is activated as soon as E3,25. I have also analyzed the IGF pathway in preimplantation embryos in order to understand the role of this pathway in embryonic lineages. I showed that active receptor pIGF1R is differentially expressed in TE, PrE and Epi during embryonic development. Supplementation with IGF1 induces an increase in cell number in two phases, first in Epi then in PrE. Conversely, loss of function of IGF1R induces a decrease in cell number between E3,75 and E4,25
Lemieux, Étienne. "Rôle de la voie KRAS/ERK MAP kinase dans la différenciation, la transformation et la tumorigénèse des cellules de l’épithélium intestinal." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5391.
Full textArmelle, Calipel Armelle. "Etude de L'implication de la voie RAF/MEK/ERK dans la tumorigenese du mélanome choroïdien humain." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077085.
Full textThe choroidal melanorna is the most frequent of the malignant intraocular tumors in adult humans. New methods of radiotherapy (protontherapie) are very effective and allow the conservation of the eye. However, very early hepatic disseminations occur in approximately 50% of the subjects and sometimes several years after the initial diagnostic. Althouqh the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of cell proliferation may be important for the development of therapeutic strategies, little is known about the molecular pathoqenesis of the choroidal melanoma. We have shown firstly that ERK1/2 is a kev signalinq pathway for the acquisition of oncogenic behaviour in choroidal melanoma cells. Secondly, the implication of B-Raf (mutated or not) is highlighted in the suractivation of MEK/ERK. Raf-1 is not committed in this suractivation. Thirdly, B-Raf is activated by cAMP via constitutive activation of the PKA. Finally an autocrine loop, SCF/c-Kit activates module MEK/ERK in certain cells lines of choroidal melanoma. Based on these observations, we can propose potentials therapeutic target for choroidal melanoma. Preliminary in vitro studies showed that a pharmacological inhibitor of c-Kit, the STI571 reduces proliferation and transformation of the choroidal melanoma cells expressed the receptor c-Kit. Similar effects were observed with BAY 43-9006, a Raf inhibitor. Therefore these two molecules could be used in therapeutics strategies and future treatments, although they must be validated in vivo
Arachiche, Amal. "Recherche des signaux effecteurs dans l'exposition membranaire de la phosphatidylsérine procoagulante : exploration des voies MAPK/ERK et pro-apoptotique mitochondriale." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077090.
Full textPhosphatidylserine (PS) exposure at the surface of activated platelets or cells is important in coagulation. Indeed, exposed PS can promote assembly and activation of the coagulation factors. Impaired PS exposure can be responsible for bleeding events, as in Scott syndrome, while excessive PS exposure leads to thrombotic events. PS exposure also occurs at the membrane of apoptotic cells, and is essential for their clearance by phagocytes. The aim of this work was to identify in hematopoietic cells (platelets and lymphocytic cell lines) the molecular mechanisms controlling the rapid Ca²⁺-dependent PS exposure. Understanding this mechanism is essential to modulate PS exposure in thrombotic disorders. In this work, the involvement in PS exposure of the MAPK/ERK pathway, and the hypohesis that the process is a rapid apoptotic phenomenon controlled by loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) were examined. The results show that although they may occur concurrently, neither the MAPK/ERK pathway activation, nor the loss of A\|/m control the rapid procoagulant PS exposure. The data also highlight the key role of an increase in intracellular Ca²⁺ brought about by a massive influx in the process. Therefore, the importance of other factors associated to (and dependent on) Ca²⁺ influx must be analyzed, such as activation of membrane ion channels (K⁺, Na⁺. . . ), which has been shown to influence phospholipid membrane remodelling in different cells models
Jager, Jennifer. "Implication de la voie de signalisation des MAP kinases ERK dans l'inflammation du tissu adipeux et l'insulinorésistance lors de l'obésité." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4082.
Full textObesity and type 2 diabetes are characterized by a resistance of the peripheral tissue to insulin action. In obesity, proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β) produced by adipose tissue are involved in the development of insulin resistance. Identification of the mechanisms linking inflammation and insulin resistance would be helpful to design new therapeutic targets to prevent type 2 diabetes. We have shown in vitro that pharmacological inhibition of the MAP kinase ERK pathway prevents IL-1β-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. To investigate the role of ERK pathway in obesity-induced insulin resistance in vivo, we have invalidated ERK1 in obese and insulin resistant mice. The ob/ob-Erk1-/- mice obtained are obese but show an improvement of the insulin sensitivity, a decrease in adipose tissue inflammation and these mice are partially protected from hepatic steatosis. In a second part we have shown that the kinase Tpl2 specifically mediates inflammatory cytokines effects on ERK activation, lipolysis activation and IRS-1 serine phosphorylation in adipocytes. Moreover, we have shown that IL-1β and TNFα up-regulate Tpl2 expression in an IKKβ/NF-κB-dependant maner, which could explain the deregulated expression of Tpl2 in adipose tissue of obese mice and patients. These results show the implication of ERK pathway in obesity-induced insulin resistance, and that the Tpl2 kinase could be a new pharmacological target to fight type 2 diabetes
Paumelle, Réjane. "Voies de signalisation induites par l'HGF/SF impliquant les MAPKs ERK et JNK dans les cellules épithéliales MDCK." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-478.pdf.
Full textPuis nous avons etudie les cascades de map kinases mises en jeu par l'hgf/sf pour conduire a l'activation de cette reponse transcriptionnelle. Nous avons montre que l'hgf/sf : 1 - induit la kinase erk de maniere rapide et soutenue. Cette kinase est activee par la voie ras-raf-mek et permet la phosphorylation et l'activation de ets1. Cette voie mene a la dispersion et a la morphogenese (paumelle et al, manuscrit en preparation). 2 - induit la kinase jnk de maniere rapide et transitoire, puis la reprime en quelques heures de maniere soutenue. L'activation transitoire de jnk est sans doute impliquee dans l'etalement, qui precede la dispersion des cellules. La repression soutenue de jnk, via l'activation de la voie ras et de la phosphatase mkp2, permet a l'hgf/sf de lever un effet represseur de la voie cdc42-jnk-jun sur la transcription, et permet de rendre compte d'une plus grande efficacite de dispersion de l'hgf/sf a basse densite cellulaire (paumelle et al, 2000). L'ensemble de nos resultats montrent que l'hgf/sf agit par les voies de signalisation ras-erk et cdc42-jnk qui peuvent cooperer ou s'opposer pour induire des reponses de dispersion, de morphogenese et de survie. Nos resultats amenent a prendre en compte, non seulement un aspect qualitatif de la signalisation, mais aussi un aspect quantitatif, puisque l'intensite et la duree de la mise en jeu des map kinases erk et jnk a ete associee a des reponses biologiques distinctes
Delépine, Etienne. "Implication de la voie MAPK ERK5 et de la famille TORC dans l'expression de Cycline D1 et le cancer du sein." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20219.
Full textOmarjee, Soleilmane. "Étude du rôle du récepteur ERa-36 dans la signalisation non génomique des oestrogènes." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1041/document.
Full textWe study a novel splice variant of ERa, named ERa36, and its involvement in estrogen non genomic signaling. Unlike ERa, this variant has main cytoplasmic/plasma membrane localization and alternative splicing confers it with a unique, previously unidentified C-terminal domain. Interestingly, we found that ERa36 C-terminal domain contains a putative MAPK binding D-Domain for the serine/threonine kinase ERK2. This domain is a docking site for members of the MAPK family. Coupling in-vitro and in-cellulo approaches, we demonstrated that ERa36 binds specifically to ERK2 following estrogen, as well as clinical anti-estrogen (tamoxifen) stimulation.We demonstrated that ERa36 binding to ERK2 inhibits the latter’s dephosphorylation by the dual phosphatase MKP3, thereby leading to a sustained ERK activation. This mechanism had profound effects on ERK’s downstream molecular targets. In fact, pharmacological inhibition of the ERa36/ERK2 interaction abrogated the phosphorylation of Paxillin, which in turn led to a downregulation of CyclinD1 transcription.Futhermore, IHC analysis of ERa36 expression in 175 patient breast tumors revealed that its expression constituted an independent predictor of distant metastasis and influenced on overall survival. In conclusion, ERa36 expression could constitute a new biomarker in breast cancer
Trifilieff, Pierre. "Etude de l'implication de la voie des MARK/ERK dans la consolidation du conditionnement de peur : dépendance à la nature de la représentaion mnésique." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13223.
Full textColdefy, Maurin Anne-Sophie. "Implication des voies de signalisation des MAPK, ERK1/2 et p38, dans la dystrophie myotonique de type 1 (DM1)." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4059.
Full textThe aim of this work was to characterize a putative role of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in the myotonic dystrophy 1, called DM1. DM1, the most frequent dystrophy in adults, is a multi-systemic disorder which mainly affects skeletal muscles (myotonia, progressive wasting and weakness, delay in muscular differentiation). DM1 is an autosomal dominant inherited disease. The genetic mutation is an expansion of CTG trinucleotide repeats tract in the DMPK 3’ untranslated region. DMPK encodes a serine/threonine kinase but its function is still unknown. ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signalling pathways play central and essential roles in cells physiology and are implicated in various cellular processes including muscular differentiation. We show that ERK1/2 and p38 activation is significantly diminished in muscular biopsies from DM1 patients. This diminished activation is not correlated with a diminution of DMPK expression in DM1, as we observed in transgenic mice, Dmpk knock-out or DMPK over-expressing mice. However, in C2C12 cells expressing CUG repeats in 3’ UTR of GFP, ERK1/2 and p38 activation is altered. In DM1, the diminution of ERK1/2 and p38 activation could be due to the expression of CUG repeats tract rather than to the decrease of DMPK expression. Our results and our recently developed molecular tools will enable us to further understand the implication of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in DM1 as well as Dmpk function in muscular differentiation
Röttinger, Éric. "Rôles de la voie de signalisation du FGF et des MAP Kinases ERK et NLK au cours du développement de l'embryon d'oursin Paracentrotus lividus." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4102.
Full textDuring my PhD, I have focused on molecular mechanisms involved in specification and differentiation of the endo- and mesoderm. In the sea urchin embryo, endomesoderm is specified early during development by maternal mechanisms at the vegetal pole. I was mainly interested in formation of the primary mesenchyme cells, which will form the skeleton of the larvae, and of the secondary mesenchyme cells which give rise to varity of cell types such as muscle cells and cells of the immune system. First, I have characterized a Mek/Erk signaling pathway and shown that this pathway is activated in the primry mesenchyme cell precursors. In these cells activity of Mek/Erk is required to activate the transcription factor Ets, a key factor in primary mesenchyme specification, migration and differentiation. In another study, we analyzed the role of a Tak/Nlk signaling pathway in segregation of the endo-mesoderm. We have shown that the nemo like kinase in the mesenchyme precursors is able to block endoderm formation by inhibition of the Wnt/b-catenin pathway and to act in synergy with Delta/Notch to promote secondary mesenchyme call fate. Finally, I have identified a ectoderm to mesoderm signaling network and shown that morphogenetic mouvements of gastrulation and differentiation of the sea urchin skelton is under triple control of Wnt8, TGFb and FGF signaling pathways
Violet, Pierre-Christian. "Rôle des lipides-phosphate phosphatases dans la modulation des voies de signalisation impliquées dans les léiomyomes utérins." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788479.
Full textKönig, Sandra. "Voie de signalisation MAP kinase/ERK et second messager AMPc dans le système nerveux : contribution de la régulation de la protéine B-Raf par la PKA." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T068.
Full textRomano, David. "La cascade des MAPkinases ERK [extracellular regulated kinase]-1/2 : un point de convergence entre les voies de signalisation impliquées dans la régulation somatolactotrope." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20683.
Full textFouchs, Audrey. "Stress osmotique et activation des MAP Kinases ERK1/2 chez les hépatocytes de turbot, Scophthalmus maximus : implication des voies de signalisation intracellulaire du processus de RVD." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2045.
Full textAmongst intracellular signalling pathways, the MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases) ERK1/2 (Extracellular-signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2) play a central role: they are activated by a wide range of environmental factors and can be involved in many cellular functions. In turbot hepatocytes, a hypo-osmotic shock, but not a hyper-osmotic shock, induces a rapid increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation, maintained for at least 50 minutes. Despite being rapidly activated by a decrease in extracellular osmolality, the ERK1/2 do not seem to play a role in the RVD process established to counteract the volume changes induced by the aniso-osmotic conditions. However, there is a strong link between these two mechanisms, the signaling pathways involved in RVD being able to modulate the ERK1/2 signal. Indeed, in turbot hepatocytes, the ERK1/2 activation occurs in two stages: a transient activation (from O to 5 minutes after the hypo-osmotic shock) and a sustained activation (10 minutes after the shock). This sustained activation is dependent on ATP, calcium, cytoskeleton, stretch activated channels and protein kinases such as PKC, PI3K or PTK, all of the aforementioned being major signaling pathways of the RVD process
Gailhouste, Luc. "Spécificité fonctionnelle de la voie des MAP Kinases MEK/ERK dans la croissance tumorale des cellules hépatiques transformées : microscopie multiphoton appliquée à l’étude de la fibrose du foie." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S060.
Full textChronic liver diseases lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis and the development of hepatocarcinoma. The MAP Kinases MEK/ERK pathway plays a critical role by regulating several processes in normal and tumoral cells. This study point out the central role of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 kinases in cancer. The crucial function of MEK1 and ERK2 proteins in tumor growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma is demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, as well as a specific phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MEK1 in response to growth factors. Targeting MEK1 and MEK2 could improve significantly therapeutic protocols by chemotherapy. Efficient and reproducible tools improving diagnosis of liver fibrosis before the development of hepatocarcinoma is a real necessity. The second part of this work allowed the development of a new method making an accurate histopathological assessment of liver fibrosis (SHG Fibrosis Index) possible by multiphoton microscopy, employing scoring of second harmonic signals generated by fibrillar collagen deposits
Gaggioli, Cédric. "Etude de l'expression de la fibronectine dans les cellules de mélanome : rôle de la voie de signalisation des MAP kinases ERK et du facteur de transcription Egr-1." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077021.
Full textMassip, Violaine. "Rôles biologiques de la voie de signalisation intracellulaire ERK 1/2 induite par un alphaherpèsvirus, le virus de la pseudorage, au cours du cycle lytique." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0010.
Full textPseudorabies virus (PrV), an alphaherpesvirus, represents a good model to study herpesvirus-induced signaling pathways and their effects on viral replication and innate immune response. Many viruses activate, during infections, the ERK 1/2 pathway wich generally stimulates viral replication. However, the cellular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. We demonstrate here that PrV induces at high MOI in porcine PK15 cells, early and transient ERK 1/2 activation. To investigate more deeply the effects of this activation on the viral cylce and infected cells, we blocked it with the specific inhibitor U0126 : we observed a blockade of extracellular and intracellular infectious virions production thus demonstrating requirement of ERK 1/2 activation for viral cycle achievement. Moreover, we noticied no significant effect on incoming virion DNA nuclear entry in early viral cycle, but a strong inhibition of viral DNA replication in infected cells and decrease of viral protein synthesis. Interestingly, it was possible to reactivate the viral cycle in presence of U0126 : addition of feta calf serum 18h p. I. Resulted in increased extracellular virus titers reaching normal levels in the next 12h. This indicated that infected cells kept their ability to produce virions despite ERK 1/2 blockade and that serum stimulation overrides this blockade. The effects of ERK 1/2 blockade observed in our model provide a good opportunity to study the cellular functions modulated during viral infection by this pathsway. To identify them, we are developing global microarray approache comparing at different time p. I. The transcriptome of PrV-infected cells in the presence or absence of U0126
Richard-Legendre, Florence. "Régulation des voies de signalisation des JAK/STATs et des MAPK/ERKs par l'IL-6/sIL-6R chez les chondrocytes articulaires : implication dans la régulation des gènes matriciels." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2021.
Full textBaetz, Delphine. "Transporteurs membranaires dépendants du sodium, NBC et NHE1 : activité et voies de régulation dans les cardiomyocytes." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077133.
Full textDeschênes-Simard, Xavier. "Fonctions antitumorales de la voie ERK/MAPK et développement rationnel de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11253.
Full textThe Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases (ERK1/2) regulate multiple cellular processes such as proliferation, survival and differentiation. These kinases are the last component of the ERK/MAPK pathway, which is activated in about 30% of all human cancers. Therefore, current thinking proposes that the ERK/MAPK pathway is a critical mediator of tumor progression. However, a steadily growing number of observations suggest that ERK kinases could trigger tumor suppression as well. The first aim of this thesis is to determine how ERK signaling triggers tumor suppression and to try to reconcile these mechanisms with its putative contribution to tumor progression. Since our work has a profound impact on the value of some therapies currently in development, the second aim of the thesis is to propose new strategies to fight cancer. We found that hyperactivation of the ERK kinases induces cellular senescence. Mechanistically, this involves selective proteasome-dependent protein degradation. This “Senescence-Associated Protein Degradation” (SAPD) targets proteins required for several cellular functions, including cell cycle progression, mitochondrial functions and ribosome biogenesis. Furthermore, our results showed that downregulation of ERK signaling not only inhibits the establishment of senescence but promotes cellular reprogramming, thereby allowing precancerous cells to gain tumorigenicity and cancer cells to acquire stem cell-like properties. These results suggest that mechanisms downregulating the ERK/MAPK pathway could promote cancer initiation, metastasis and resistance to multiple therapies. Finally, we demonstrated that the antidiabetic drug metformin targets the transcription factor NF-kB. The latter plays a central role in reprogramming, but also in the generation of deleterious pro-inflammatory cytokines by senescent cells. Hence, we suggest that metformin could be used in combination with other therapies to avoid the side effects of either downregulating or overactivating ERK signaling. Taken together, the results presented in this thesis demonstrate that the outcome of the ERK/MAPK pathway activity depends on signaling strength. While a moderate activation of the pathway may contribute to cell proliferation, a strong activation induces senescence and, conversely, a low activation promotes cancer cell reprogramming. This versatility of the pathway suggests caution with the use of ERK/MAPK pathway inhibitors, but motivates us to develop new therapeutic strategies, which could include metformin.
Bélanger, Louis-François. "Analyse de la voie MAPK/ERK chez la souris: caractérisation du phénotype des souris mutantes pour le gène Mek2 et des souris doubles mutantes pour les gènes Mek1 et Mek2 /." 2002. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766442601&sid=43&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textLaplante, Marc-André. "La production de l'anion superoxyde par l'angiotensine, l'endothéline et les voies de signalisation dépendantes de l'acide arachidonique dans les tissus vasculaires dans le développement de l'hypertension." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15778.
Full textParadis, Justine. "Rôles non-canoniques des arrestines dans la signalisation et l’endocytose des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20229.
Full textLuc, Mario. "Rôle de la voie ERK/tropomyosine-1 dans la régulation de la perméabilité endothéliale /." 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=790299931&sid=55&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textBenoît, Marie-Josée. "Identification des voies de MAPK activées par la surexpression du récepteur [alpha]₁�-adrénergique dans le coeur de souris." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15188.
Full textVaillancourt-Jean, Eric. "Identification de nouveaux substrats de la voie Ras-MAP Kinase." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21182.
Full textRicher, Maxime. "Couplage du récepteur à sept domaines transmembranaires GABA-B1 aux voies intracellulaires de signalisation en absence de GABA-B2." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4272.
Full textGABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and is implicated in brain development, synaptic plasticity and the pathogenesis of diseases such as epilepsy, anxiety disorders and chronic pain. In the current model of GABA-B function, there is a requirement for GABA-B1/B2 dimerization for targetting to the cell surface and effector coupling. However, there are certain brain regions (putamen), cell types (glial cells) and times during brain development where GABA-B1 is expressed in higher amounts than GABA-B2, suggesting that GABA-B1 might be functional alone or in association with unidentified partners, either at the cell surface or on the ER membranes. In this thesis, we first show the capacity of endogenous GABA-B1 receptors to activate the MAPK-ERK1/2 pathway in the DI-TNC1 glial-derived cell line which does not express GABA-B2. The underlying mechanisms remain incompletely defined but depend on Gi/o and PKC. Immunohistochemistry of endogenous receptors shows that GABA-B1 N-terminal antibodies recognize ER-localized proteins and that C-terminal (CT) antibody shows intranuclear distribution. This data suggests that fragments of the GABA-B1 receptor are generated by proteolysis and indeed we show that agonist treatment affects the intensity of certain C-terminal GABA-B1 fragments both in immunohistochemistry and western blots suggesting that the GABA-B1 receptor is subjected to regulated proteolysis. Since a 13-residue potential PEST sequence was localized immediately distal to the ER retention motif in the GABA-B1 CT, we examined proteasome regulation of the cleavage event. Following a 12h treatment with the proteasome inhibitor, epoxomicin, we detected increases in intranuclear staining for both GABA-B1 and a known interactor, the pro-survival transcription factor ATF-4, using confocal microscopy and by western blotting of nuclear extracts. These increases are due either to proteasome inhibition or activation of the ER stress pathway. In cells overexpressing GABA-B1-CT, ATF-4 induction and nuclear translocation, which normally follows epoxomicin treatment, was completely abolished. This observation was associated to a strong decrease in cell number. Since the last three residues of GABA-B1-CT (LYK) encode a pseudo-PDZ ligand and that PDZ domain protein regulate nuclear targeting and protein stability, in complement to their role in scaffolding at the cell surface, we mutated the last three residues of GABA-B1-CT to alanines. This mutation completely reversed the effect of GABA-B1-CT on ATF-4 induction and on cell number. This second set of data suggests the existence of agonist and proteasome-regulated intranuclear GABA-B1 fragments in DI-TNC1 cells. Further, the GABA-B1-CT pseudo-PDZ ligand appears to be critically important in regulating ATF-4 induction by modulating GABA-B1-CT stability and perhaps by favoring the formation of a multiprotein complex with ATF-4, ATF-4 interactors and an unknown scaffolding protein. Overall, we show that ER-localised GABA-B1 subunits, when not dimerized with GABA-B2, can still modulate proliferation, differentiation and survival pathways, both through G-protein coupling and regulated proteolysis. The signalling mechanisms which we propose could serve as a new platform in understanding the long term effects of 7-TM receptor activation.
Tanguay, Pierre-Luc. "Implication de la voie ERK3/4-MK5 dans la phase G2/M du cycle cellulaire." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5073.
Full textThe process of cell division is largely influenced by extracellular and intracellular cues. Many enzymatic pathways refined during evolution propagate the information generated by those cues. MAP kinase modules are extremely important within the cells. Human genome encodes 14 MAP kinases genes grouped into seven distinct pathways involved in the control of many cellular processes. ERK3/4 are kinases homologous to ERK1/2. Very little is known about their regulation and molecular functions. These MAP kinases are described as being atypical based on their unique structural characteristics and mode of regulation. Our laboratory was the first to demonstrate that the activity of ERK3 is mainly regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in proliferating cells. In addition, several lines of evidence suggest a role for ERK3 in the control of cell differentiation and proliferation. The first study presented herein documents the regulation of ERK3 during the cell cycle. We observed that ERK3 is hyperphosphorylated and accumulated specifically during mitosis. Mass spectrometry analyses led to the identification of four phosphorylation sites located in the C-terminal domain. We demonstrate that mitotic kinase CDK1/cyclin B phosphorylates these sites which are dephosphorylated by Cdc14A and Cdc14B phosphatases. Finally, we show that mitotic phosphorylation of ERK3 controls its stability. At the beginning of my Ph.D. training, the kinase MK5 was the first identified binding partner and substrate of ERK3. MK5 is implicated in very few cellular functions. Data suggest that under certain conditions it modulates cell cycle progression. For example, MK5 was recently identified as a tumor suppressor gene essential for ras-induced senescence. In the second study of this thesis, we describe a novel function of MK5 in cell cycle progression. Gain and loss of function experiments demonstrate that MK5 delays G2/M transition following replicative stress. This function depends on its catalytic activity to indirectly regulates CDK1/cyclin B. Finally, we identified Cdc25A as a good in vitro substrate for MK5. Interestingly, Cdc25A expression inhibits MK5-induced delay of entry into mitosis. In conclusion, our results described a novel mechanism of regulation of ERK3 during mitosis and a novel function of MK5 in the control of G2/M transition after replicative stress. These data demonstrate for the first time the relation between these kinases and the G2/M transition. Our work should contribute to a better understanding of the roles of ERK3/4-MK5 kinases.
Arcand, Mathieu. "Nouveaux modes de régulation des voies MAP kinase eucaryotes par phosphorylation." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15524.
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