Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Voie Wnt canonique (Wnt/β-caténine)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 29 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Voie Wnt canonique (Wnt/β-caténine).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Skah, Seham. "Relations fonctionnelles entre les voies des hormones thyroïdiennes et WNT dans la physiopathologie intestinale : étude de la fonction de sFRP2." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENSL0743.
Full textThe intestinal epithelium is a tissue constantly renewing through somatic stem cells located within the crypts. Several signalling pathways control this process and the homeostasis in this tissue. It is now recognized that the deregulation of these pathways is involved in the process of initiation and/or progression of intestinal tumors. My laboratory has described the involvement of thyroid hormones (TH) and their nuclear receptor TRα1 in the control of the intestinal homeostasis via the regulation of Wnt pathway, which plays a key role in the intestinal physiopathology. Specifically, TRα1 directly activates the expression of β-catenin and controls its stabilization through a mechanism involving sFRP2 (secreted frizzled-related protein 2). During my thesis, I participated to the characterization of transgenic mice overexpressing TRα1 in the intestinal epithelium. Moreover, I have been involved in the study of the molecular mechanisms of the cross-regulation between TRα1 and the canonical Wnt in the induction of intestinal tumors. We have therefore demonstrated an oncogenic role of TRα1 in the intestinal epithelium. In addition, the molecular and functional mechanisms involve both effectors of the canonical pathway, β-catenin and TCF4. On the other hand, I carried out the study of sFRP2 function in the intestinal physiopathology, and its action on the Wnt pathway. My data strongly suggest that sFRP2 plays an essential role in the differentiation of epithelial cytotypes. In addition, we showed that sFRP2 is a positive modulator of the canonical and non-canonical (JNK) Wnt. For instance, the absence of sFRP2 expression increases the apoptosis in the intestinal crypts and thus reduces the number of tumors in the double mutant sFRP2-/-/Apc+/1638N compared to simple mutant Apc+/1638N. These results provided original and important data of the functional relationships between TH and Wnt pathways
Eubelen, Marie. "Mécanisme moléculaire de la voie Wnt/β-caténine Gpr124/Reck-dépendante." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/280768.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Benhamouche, Samira. "Rôle de la voie Wnt/β-caténine dans l'homéostasie et la carcinogenèse hépatique." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA11T008.
Full textFlacelière, Maud. "La β-arrestine2, un acteur majeur de la tumorigenèse intestinale dépendante de la voie Wnt/β-caténine." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20012/document.
Full textΒ-arrestins (Arrbs) participate in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin (Wnt), the major actor in human colorectal cancer. The aim of my project was to study the involvement of Arrbs and the mechanisms they regulate in Wnt-dependent intestinal tumorigenesis. The partial or total inhibition of Arrbs in ApcΔ14/+ mice showed that only mice with Arrb2 depletion developed only 33% of the tumors detected in their Arrb2-WT littermates. These remaining tumors grow normally and are Arrb2–independent. Transcriptomic analysis showed that they overexpressed genes that reflect a high interaction with the immune system, whereas those overexpressed in Arrb2–dependent tumors are predominantly involved in Wnt signaling. Moreover, Arrb2 siRNAs decreased the expression of Wnt target genes in cells isolated from 12 of 18 tumors from ApcΔ14/+ mice, completely reversed the increased Wnt activity and colony formation in soft agar induced by Apc siRNA treatment in ApcMin/+ cells. Therefore, Arrb2 is essential for the initiation and growth of intestinal tumors displaying elevated Wnt pathway activity. To better understand the mechanisms involved in this context, Arrb2 protein complexes were analyzed by a differential systematic proteomic approach in SW480 human colorectal carcinoma cells expressing or not a Tcf4 dominant negative. 132 Arrb2 partners potentially involved in a signaling network of 917 proteins were identified in cells with a high Wnt activity. Upon a 80% decrease of this activity 41 partners disappeared with their 256 potential interactions whereas 42 partners appeared with 244 new possible interactions. Arrb2 key role in colorectal cancer could be explained by the cross-talk of about 40 proteins dependent of Wnt activity with a highly complex signaling network that is currently analyzed
Charawi, Sara. "Étude du dialogue entre la voie Wnt/β-caténine et LKB1 dans la physiopathologie hépatique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB093.
Full textThe liver plays a major role in the control of both metabolic and energetic homeostasis in the body by maintaining glycemia. LKB1 is a serine-threonine kinase that plays a crucial role in cell physiology by controlling cell metabolism and cell energetic status. Using murine model with LKB1 hepatospecific deletion, we identified a complex role for LKB1 in energy homeostasis. The aim of my thesis was to characterize this phenotype and to understand its physiological basis. Our results show a hyperglycemia at fasted state in mutants animals, associated with a loss of dry mass, a glycogen accumulation and a constitutive activation of insulin signaling, which leads to a cachexia at long term. Our results suggest that hepatic Lkb1 is involved in a cross talk with insulin signaling in the control of neoglucogenesis with amino acid dependence. We also showed a cross talk between LKB1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the liver. Indeed, CTNNB1-mutated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have phenotypic features in terms of polarity and metabolism (lack of lipid accumulation). Our hypothesis is that this phenotype would be secondary to the activation of the tumour suppressor gene LKB1. CTNNB1 mutations induce LKB1 proteic expression in human hepatoma cell lines and CTNNB1-mutated HCC show an increased proteic LKB1 expression. In two murine models of Lkb1 hepatospecific invalidation, LKB1 seems to be necessary for the activation of the β-catenin transcriptional program in a way that is dependent on developpemental state and nutritional context
Mebarki, Siham. "Activation mutationelle et non mutationnelle de la voie Wnt/β-caténine dans le carcinome hépatocellulaire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1B014.
Full textHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) displays signaling pathway disorders, including Wnt/β-catenin. Up-regulation of extracellular Wnt pathway agonists and down-regulation of extracellular Wnt pathway inhibitors result in non-mutational activation of Wnt signaling. In addition, increased extracellular matrix remodeling fosters HCC progression. Thus, we showed that enhanced Wnt signaling is associated with extracellular matrix remodeling in human cirrhosis and cancer. To further investigate non-mutational Wnt pathway activation, we established a model of Wnt activation in HepaRG human HCC progenitor cells carrying wild-type β-catenin, axin and p53. HepaRG progenitor cells treated with Wnt3a became fusiform and grew in palisades with enhanced expression of αSMA, COLIV, CK19, c-MYC, LGR5, SNAIL and TWIST, suggesting that enhanced extracellular Wnt signaling may drive HCC cells toward a more aggressive progenitor and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. Moreover, in silico analysis of the transcriptomic signature of non-mutational Wnt activation revealed a gene network involved in ECM remodeling, EMT and cell fate. Results suggest a role of HAPLN1, affecting extracellular matrix gene expression and cell migration and of LGR5 in hepatocyte dedifferentiation. Eight genes among the HepaRG gene expression dataset were validated in vivo in a collection of 81 human HCC samples and controls by qPCR and immunohistochemistry using tissue micro-arrays (78 HCC samples and 5 normal livers) in the light of β-catenin activation and mutational status. In conclusion, data suggest that HAPLN1 has a prognostic value on overall survival and recurrence of HCC. HAPLN1 appears to be independent of clinical features and β-catenin mutationnal status. Moreover, HAPLN1 appears to have an additive prognostic value with CK19 + EpCAM and act synergistically with NOG
Ysebaert, Loïc. "Rôle de la voie Wnt/β-caténine dans la prolifération et la chimiorésistance des leucémies aiguës myéloïdes." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30278.
Full textCabrae, Régine. "Influence de l’insuline et des lipides sur l’activité de la voie Wnt/β-caténine dans le foie." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T063/document.
Full textDanieau, Geoffroy. "Implication de la voie de signalisation Wnt/β-caténine dans le développement tumoral primaire et métastatique des ostéosarcomes." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1025.
Full textOsteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children with 150 new cases per year in France. Patient survival has not been improved for the last decades, reaching 70% to 5 years for patients with localized disease, but only 25% for patients with metastatic disease (20% of cases), no effective treatment could develop for these patients with metastases at diagnosis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies. In this context, a deregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been reported in many cases of osteosarcomas, but its involvement in the development of these tumors remains controversial. Thus, we evaluated the anti-tumor potential of ICG-001, a small molecule specifically targeting the interaction between the CREB Binding Protein (CBP) and the β- catenin, inhibiting the dependent transcription of this complex, in three human osteosarcoma cell lines, KHOS, MG63 and SJSA1. ICG-001 reduces cell proliferation but, surprisingly, promotes cell migration in vitro and the development of pulmonary metastases in a mouse xenograft model induced by para-tibial injection of KHOS cells. This pro-migratory effect could result in part from a transcriptional switch from a complex consisting of β-catenin and CBP to a complex including β-catenin and another cofactor, p300. Thus, this study adds a level of complexity to the role of the Wnt/β- catenin pathway in the metastatic development of osteosarcoma
Bouaziz, Wafa. "Rôle de la voie Wnt/β- caténine dans le remodelage du cartilage articulaire et au cours de l'arthrose." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC129.
Full textOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease, affecting millions of individuals wordwide. OA , a disease characterized by progressive cartilage destruction, involves the whole joint including the subchondral bone, cartilage and the synovium. Wnt signaling is a major regulator of bone and cartilage remodeling. Here we show that the activation of Wnt signaling in bone and cartilage, triggers cartilage destruction. We have characterized different approaches to inhibit Wnt signaling and prevent cartilage loss. The inhibition of Wnt signaling in bone by DKK1 prevents cartilage loss and osteophyte formation. In the other hand, the over-activation of Wnt signaling, through sclerostin deficiency, enhanced cartilage destruction through the regulation of canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathway. Furthermore, we showed that HIF 1 a is a canonical Wnt inhibitor that binds to β-catenin and inhibits its interaction with TCF4. This prevents the binding of TCF4 to the regulatory region of MMP13 gene. In DMM mice, conditional knock-out of HIF la in chondrocytes exacerbated cartilage lesions and MMP13 expression which is dependent of TCF/β-catenin interaction. Our results shed light on one of the main controversies in the role of Wnt signaling in OA and provide new Wnt inhibitory strategies to prevent cartilage destruction. Ever, Dkkl overexpression in the bone induced a decrease in VEGF expression, thereby decreasing cartilage catabolism. These data highlight the links between bone and cartilage in OA, and show that targeting bone can impact cartliage lesions
Figeac, Florence. "Implication de la voie de signalisation Wnt-/β-caténine dans la régulation de la croissance et la régénération des cellules β pancréatiques." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077006.
Full textThe loss of functionnal beta cells is the root cause for the development of diabetes. The regulation of beta cells mass is critically reliant on a combination of extra- and intracellular signals that act to maintain normal beta cell mass under basal conditions and to promote adaptative growth of these cells when the need for insulin increases. In this work, we investigated the role of the canonical Wnt pathway 1) in the process of normal beta cell growth in Wistar neonates, and 2) in the process of beta cell regeneration in induced and spontaneous models of neonatal diabetes (nO-STZ and GK respectively), 3) in beta cell regeneration after 90% pancreatectomy in adult rat. Our findings demonstrate that the effectors of the Wnt signalling pathway (TCF7L2 and beta-catenin) regulate the normal beta cell growth in Wistar neonates. Moreover, the activation of the Wnt pathway by the inhibition of GSKSbeta participate to the stimulation of pancreatic beta cell regeneration in vivo in diabetic nO-STZ neonates. Finally, we showed that the inhibition of GSKSbeta stimulates beta cell regeneration in adult rat after pancreatectomy. Our results open new perspectives for the development of pharmacological maneuvers aimed at the in vivo induction of beta cell growth and could be pertinent to potential clinical applications in regenerative therapy of diabetes
Indersie, Emilie. "Nouveau modèle d’étude de l’hépatoblastome in vivo et identification de microARNs régulateurs de la β-caténine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0212/document.
Full textHepatoblastoma (HBL) is the most common pediatric liver cancer. At molecular level it is characterized by activating mutations in β-catenin gene (CTNNB1) that cause protein accumulation and abnormal Wnt signaling pathway activation leading to malignant transformation of hepatic cells. Therefore, β-catenin is a key therapeutic target in HBL.This manuscript describes two major parts of my thesis project that aimed to understand the role of β-catenin-regulating microRNAs in HBL carcinogenesis.The first part presents the development of a new in vivo HBL model. This work consisted of making HBL-derived cells xenograft on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and studying tumor development using histological and molecular approaches. My results show that HBL cells implanted on CAM modify their phenotype and activate survival and proliferation mechanisms to form organized and vascularized tumor nodules. Cell treatment with cisplatin leads to tumor progression arrest.The second part presents results concerning the regulation of β-catenin and oncogenic processes by microRNAs in HBL cells. A functional screening allowed me to identify several microRNAs with an inhibitory effect on β-catenin. Four microRNAs down-regulated in patient tumors inhibit cell proliferation and Wnt pathway activity in vitro. The most efficient microRNA directly interacts with β-catenin mRNA through a unique site localized in 3’ untranslated region and blocks HBL tumor growth on CAM.During my thesis I developed a new animal model to study HBL that allows modelling rapid tumor growth and testing the impact of therapeutic molecules. My work also led to the identification of new microRNAs down-regulated in HBL tumors that inhibit β-catenin expression and act as tumor suppressor genes. Those microRNAs represent new potential therapeutic molecules for HBL treatment and could be also used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers
Nicol, Barbara. "Caractérisation de la voie Wnf/β-caténine durant la différenciation gonadique chez la truite arc-en-ciel, Oncorhynchus mykiss." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S147.
Full textThe embryonic gonad is able to differentiate into two very different structures, the testis and the ovary, and this process is under the control of multiple signalling pathways. In mammals, the Wnt/ ß-Catenin pathway plays a major role in ovarian differentiation, through the action of Wnt4, Rspo1, and a gene that acts downstream of this pathway, Follistatin. The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to characterize the expression of molecular actors of this pathway, and to study the potential implication of the Wnt/ ß-Catenin pathway during gonadal differentiation in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Particular attention was paid to the wnt4 gene, and three paralogs were identified in rainbow trout. Wnt4a1 and Wnt4a2 proteins share high identity with other vertebrate Wnt4 proteins, whereas the teleost fish specific sequence Wnt4b is clearly more divergent, and seemed to have sub-functionalized in the nervous system development. Analysis by real-time PCR and in situ hybridization showed that wnt4a1/2 and rspo1 genes are not overexpressed in the ovary during gonadal differentiation, in contrast to the transcription factor tcf7. The follistatin gene (fst) is expressed in the same cells than cyp19a1a, a key gene in ovarian differentiation, that is necessary for estrogen synthesis. It is so far the earliest genes that display a sexually dimorphic expression in the ovary. Inhibition of the Wnt pathway during ovarian differentiation leads to a decreased expression of fst and cyp19a1a. These results therefore suggest an involvement of the Wnt / ß-catenin in ovarian differentiation in rainbow trout
Hendaoui, Ismaïl. "Régulation de la voie de signalisation Wnt/β-caténine par le microenvironnement : rôle du domaine Frizzled du collagène XVIII (FZC18)." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1B139.
Full textColorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma are among the most common cancers in the world. Currently available treatments for advanced froms of these cancers are only palliative and have a relatively low efficacy. Biotherapy targeting the molecular mechanisms involved in growth or differentiation of tumor cells provide treatments with high specificity and low toxicity, prolonging remissions with a better quality of life. A major issue in the use of biomolecules is teir ability to enter in the tumor cells, which can be adressed by using biomolecules that target cell surface receptors. We focused on collagen XVIII, which is a major basement membrane component. One of the variants of this collagene has a FZC18 domain, which contains a CRD motif (Cysteine-rich Domain) homologous to the CRD of the extracellular Wnt-binding domain of the Frizzled receptors and the SFRPs (Secreted Frizzled-related Proteins). Both of them are major actors of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Haxaire, Coline. "Rôle de la voie Wnt/β-Caténine ostéoblastique dans l'augmentation de la résorption osseuse induite par la surexpression de Runx2." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077267.
Full textRunx2 is a transcription factor essentiel for osteoblast differentiation and necessary for bone development. Moreover, transgenic mice overexpressing Runx2 specifically in osteoblast exhibit an early and severe osteoporosis associated with spontaneous fractures. Osteoporosis in mice overexpressing Runx2 is the result of an increased resorption coupled to a blocking of osteoblast differentiation. Our study was designed to determine whether the Wnt/p-Catenin, that is very important in the development of bone tissue, was involved in the mechanism inducing osteoporosis in mice overexpressing Runx2. In particular, we sought to highlight the involvement of Runx2 in the regulation of the Wnt and the impact of this pathway on the bone phenotype in mice overexpressing Runx2 and in their control. We have shown that the activity of p-Catenin is regulated in a dosé-dependent manner by expression of Runx2 in vitro and in vivo, and that stimulation of the Wnt pathway can restore the activity of p-Catenin and partially the differentiation of osteoblasts overexpressing Runx2. We also showed in vivo that stimulation of the Wnt pathway induces a restoration of trabecular bone phenotype. This restoration is due to inhibition of bone resorption with an increase in the synthesis of osteoprotegerin by osteoblasts. In conclusion, while a restoration of osteoblast differentiation was expected, we showed that stimulation of the Wnt signaling inhibits in vivo and in vitro osteoclast differentiation and thus bone resorption induced by overexpression of Runx2. Our work shows that the Wnt pathway is an indirect regulator of bone resorption induced by Runx2 in our model
Dubuquoy, Céline. "Expression et fonction de l’adiponutrine/PNPLA3 dans le foie : Relation entre la voie Wnt/β-caténine, la sensibilité à l’insuline et la stéatose hépatique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T008/document.
Full textThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased in industrial countries. The hallmark of MetS in the liver is an excessive accumulation of triglyceride, which is called hepatic steatosis. Different SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) are associated with hepatic steatosis or MetS. One of them is found on adiponutrin/PNPLA3 (Patatin-like Phospholipase Domain-Containing) gene (SNP I148M) and is now considered as a new marker of hepatic steatosis and severity of NAFLD (Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver diseases). In order to understand the physiological role of adiponutrin in the liver, we studied its transcriptional regulation by SREBP1c (Sterol Responive Element Binding Protein) and ChREBP (Carbohydrate Responsive Element Binding Protein), mediators of insulin and glucose respectively. Moreover, by overexpressing adiponutrin in mice liver, we investigated its role in hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. We showed that adiponutrin is regulated as lipogenic genes and could have a role lipid metabolism. As for adiponutrin I148M, different SNP are found on substrats of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, a major pathway controlling acinus zonation. We examined the regulation of this pathway by nutritionnal status and in a pathophysiological context of insulin resistance and steatosis. We showed that Wnt/β-catenin pathway is regulated by pancreatic hormones (insulin and glucagon) in the liver in order to adapt hepatocyte phenotype to energetic needs. Moreover, this pathway is dysregulated in insulin resistant mice liver. These data may suggest a link between Wnt/β-catenin pathway deregulation and hepatic metabolic disorders
Christodoulou-Vafeiadou, Eleni. "Rôle de l'extinction de la voie Wnt/β-caténine dans l'accumulation de lipides intramyocellulaires au cours de l'obésité et du diabète de type 2." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066469.
Full textLefèvre, Lucile. "Rôles de la voie de signalisation Wnt/β-caténine et d’un nouveau gène cible, AFF3, dans les carcinomes de la corticosurrénale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05T010.
Full textAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and highly aggressive endocrine neoplasm, with limited therapeutic option. Currently, surgical resection is considered the only effective treatment. It is therefore essential to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in ACC development in order to improve their clinical management. Activation of the Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway is frequent (40%) in ACC and is associated with poor prognosis. The aim of my thesis was to study the involvement of the Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway in adrenocortical tumorigenesis. The human cell line H295R, derived from an ACC, carries the S45P β-catenin mutation which leads to constitutive β-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity. In the ACC cell line H295R we show that β-catenin silencing resulted in a decreased transcriptional activity of the Wnt/b-catenin signaling, cell cycle alterations, a decreased cell proliferation and an increased apoptosis. Moreover we show that β-catenin silencing abolish xenograft development of H295R adrenocortical cells. Aberrant activation of the Wnt/b-catenin signaling promotes tumorigenesis of several organs by enhancing expression of genes involved in proliferation, cell survival or cell adhesion. To better understand the role of the Wnt/b-catenin signaling in adrenocortical tumorigenesis, we wanted to identify target genes of this pathway in ACC. Combined transcriptomic analysis on two independent cohorts of ACC and on H295R adrenocortical cells with or without β-catenin silencing allow us to identify alterations of gene expression due to aberrant Wnt/βcatenin pathway activation. Among these genes, we show that AFF3 is essential to mediate the effect of the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in adrenocortical cancer. Indeed, AFF3 is a direct target gene of the Wnt/b-catenin and its silencing in H295R adrenocortical cells induces a decreased cell proliferation and an increased apoptosis similar to that induced by b-catenin silencing. AFF3 is a nuclear protein located in nuclear speckles, which serve as a reservoir of factors participating in mRNA splicing. Moreover, AFF3 interacts with P-TEFb (CDK9/CyclinT1/2) in the Super elongation complex (SEC) required for transcriptional elongation of mRNA by RNA polymerase II. In H295R adrenocortical cells, we show that strong overproduction of AFF3 altered the structural organization of nuclear speckles and the localization of CDK9 and Cycline T1. In conclusion, this study has identified a new transcriptional target of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, AFF3, which encodes an important mediator of this pathway in adrenocortical tumorigenesis. AFF3 might especially act by affecting the structural organization of speckles and interacting with the P-TEFb, which are respectively involved in mRNA splicing and transcription. These results provide a better understanding of the biological process involved in ACC development and suggest that P-TEFb and SEC could be new therapeutic targets for the treatment of ACC
Dubuquoy, Céline. "Expression et fonction de l'adiponutrine/PNPLA3 dans le foie : Relation entre la voie Wnt/β-caténine, la sensibilité à l'insuline et la stéatose hépatique." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713660.
Full textOmeiri, Hanin. "Rôles des altérations des gènes CTNNB1 et de ZNRF3 dans les carsinomes de la corticosurrénale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB005.
Full textAdrenocortical carcinomas are rare tumors with poor prognostic and limited therapy. Up to now, surgery remains the only curative therapy. A better understanding of tumor biology and molecular prognostic factors would help to select relevant therapeutic targets and to develop innovative therapeutic strategies. In the last years, different genomic studies on independent cohorts of ACC have identified two subgroups of cancers with two distinguished profiles of genes expression and two different survival rates. Frequents alterations of CTNNB1 and TP53 are identified in ACC. Moreover, aberrant activation of WNT/β-catenin pathway in ACC is associated with lower overall survival. Using a combination of genomic approaches, we and others have recently analyzed independent cohorts of ACC. These works confirmed recurrent alterations in CTNNB1 (~14%) and TP53 (~18%), but also revealed new loci not previously reported to be altered in ACC. Strikingly, ZNRF3 (zinc and ring finger 3) was the most frequently altered gene (~20%). ZNRF3 encodes a protein that acts as a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway represents the most frequently altered pathway in ACC (~40%). The aim of my project was to study how the aberrant activation of WNT/β-catenin pathway could participate to adrenal tumorigenesis and then to identify more specifically the role of ZNRF3 alterations in development/aggressiness of ACC. By a combination of transcriptomic analysis on two cohorts of ACC and on H295R adrenocortical cells, we identified a list of genes whose expression is correlated to the WNT/β-catenin activation. Among these genes, we show that AFF3 is essential to mediate the effect of activation the WNT/β-catenin pathway in adrenocortical cancer. Indeed, AFF3 is a direct target gene of β-catenin and its silencing in H295R adrenocortical cells induces a decreased cell proliferation and an increased apoptosis similar to that induced by β-catenin silencing. Moreover, AFF3 overexpression altered the structure of nuclear speckles and the localization of CDK9/CyclinT1, which are respectively involved in mRNA splicing and transcription. ZNRF3 (zinc and ring finger 3) was the most frequently altered gene (20%) in ACC. ZNRF3 had never been frequently associated with other tumour types. ZNRF3 encodes a protein that had been described as cell-surface transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases, acting as negative regulators of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, by promoting the degradation of Wnt ligand receptors (Frizzled receptors). We show that ZNRF3 act as a tumor suppressor gene in adrenocortical cell line H295R. Indeed the overexpression of ZNRF3 decreases cell proliferation and increases apoptosis. We demonstrate also that ZNRF3 is a target gene of WNT/β-catenin pathway. ZNRF3 alterations have less effect on expression of WNT/β-catenin target genes than CTNNB1 mutations in ACC. Moreover, our results with ZNRF3 overexpression in H295R adrenocortical cells suggest that ZNRF3 is also involved in βcatenin independant-pathway(s) to mediate its effects on apoptosis. Using mass spectrometry analysis, we identified that ZNRF3 interacts with ATP1A1 (ATPase Na+/K+ Transporting Subunit Alpha 1), affecting the activity of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump in adrenocortical cells. These results provide a better understanding of the biological process of WNT/βcatenin pathway activation in ACC with AFF3 as new target of this pathway. Moreover, our data provide insight into the tumor suppressor role of ZNRF3 in ACC and uncovers an additional role of ZNRF3 on Na+/K+ ATPase pump activity
El, Hage Perla. "Etude du rôle du gène suppresseur de tumeur WWOX et de ses partenaires dans la voie de signalisation Wnt/β-caténine et dans la carcinogenèse mammaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795900.
Full textDrelon, Coralie. "Tumorigenèse, progression tumorale et zonation fonctionnelle du cortex surrénalien." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22536/document.
Full textAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumour associated with poor prognosis and for which, efficient therapeutic approaches are not available. It is therefore essential to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in CCS development in order to improve their clinical management. The two most frequent alterations in ACC are overexpression of IGF2 and constitutive activation of β-catenin. Our lab has previously demonstrated the oncogenic activity of β-catenin in the adrenal cortex by developing a mouse model of constitutive β-catenin activation (ΔCat mice). However, the low malignant progression in ΔCat mice suggests that other alterations are necessary for acquisition of malignancy. The initial aim of my thesis was to test the oncogenic potential of IGF2 alone or associated with constitutive β-catenin activation. We showed that overexpression of Igf2 in the adrenal cortex does not trigger adrenal cortex tumourigenesis. In a context of constitutive β-catenin activation, overexpression of Igf2 promotes tumour development at later stages. However the formation of malignant tumours remains a rare event. These data suggest that the overexpression of Igf2 and constitutive activation of β-catenin are not sufficient to trigger malignant tumour progression. Retrospective analysis of available ACC transcriptome data highlighted overexpression of the putative oncogene and histone methyltransferase EZH2 in ACC, which was associated with poor prognosis. My in vitro studies suggest that EZH2 is overexpressed in response to overexpression of E2F transcription factors and that it could be involved in control of proliferation, apoptosis and oncogenic capacities of adrenocortical carcinoma cells H295R. Interestingly, the availability of pharmacologic inhibitors suggests that EZH2 could be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ACC. In parallel, we sought to identify the mechanisms involved in zonation of the adrenal cortex. During adrenal cortex renewal, cells first differentiate as glomerulosa before switching to fasciculata as they move within the cortex. Establishment of glomerulosa identity relies on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which induces expression of genes involved in glomerulosa differentiation and inhibits fasciculata identity. These data suggest that β-catenin has to be inhibited in order to allow the lineage conversion from glomerulosa to fasciculata. We thus postulated that PKA signalling pathway, which is triggered by ACTH binding to its receptor MC2R in zona fasciculata, played a role in repressing Wnt/β-catenin signalling to allow fasciculata differentiation. Using pharmacologic and genetic models, we have shown that PKA inhibits β-catenin signalling, which leads to loss of zona glomerulosa and expansion of zona fasciculata. The inhibitor effect of PKA on β-catenin pathway could be the result of decreased expression of Wnt4. Indee, a decrease of Wnt4 expression is observed in response to PKA activation and inactivation of Wnt4 in the adrenal cortex phenocopies PKA activation. We have also shown that PKA inhibits oncogenic effects of β-catenin in the adrenal cortex. The observation of decreased ACTH/PKA signalling in ACC suggests that this inhibition could be relevant to human adrenal tumour development
Darido, Charbel. "Études de la compartimentation des Claudines 1, 2, 4 et 7 dans le côlon humain normal et tumoral : dialogue avec la voie Wnt/β-caténine/Tcf-4." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T015.
Full textWagner, Roselyne. "Rôle des protéines E-CADHÉRINE et β-CATÉNINE dans le développement embryonnaire des mélanocytes et la pathogénie du Vitiligo." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T049/document.
Full textSkin pigmentation results from the synthesis and the distribution of melanin by melanocytes. Melanocytes are neural crest derived cells that produce and transfer melanin to their surrounding keratinocytes. One melanocyte makes contacts with approximately 40 keratinocytes, forming the so-called epidermal melanin unit. Adhesion between melanocytes and keratinocytes is mediated by the adhesive protein E-CADHERIN, which is responsible for the formation of adherens junctions. These junctions are anchored to the cytoskeleton via β-CATENIN. The main function of adhesive proteins is to form cell-cell junctions and to maintain epidermal architecture. β-CATENIN is a central component of the WNT signalling pathway, which is implied in the development of the melanocyte lineage. During this PhD we were interested in the potential roles of E-CADHERIN and β-CATENIN proteins first in melanocyte homeostasis and second in melanocyte development in the mouse limb.In the first part of this PhD project, we studied the role of these proteins in an acquired leuco-derma: the Vitiligo disease. In this disease, depigmented areas appears in the skin due to melano¬cyte loss. One hypothesis for this loss is a defect in adhesive proteins of melanocytes, leading to melanocyte detachment and loss. We examined pigmented skin biopsies of patients with or without Vitiligo and observed that membranous staining of E-CADHERIN and β-CATENIN is absent from, or discontinuously distributed across melanocyte membranes of Vitiligo patients long before clinical lesions appeared. The abnormal distribution of E-CADHERIN correlated with lower melanocyte numbers in the basal epidermal layer and higher melanocyte numbers in the suprabasal layer. Using reconstructed human epidermis and mouse models with defective E-CADHERIN expression in melanocytes, we showed that E-CADHERIN is required for melanocyte adhesiveness to the basal layer under oxidative and mechanical stress. These observations establish a link between pre-clinical, cell-autonomous defects in Vitiligo melanocytes and known environmental stressors accelerating disease onset. Our results implicate a primary predisposing skin defect affecting melanocyte adhesiveness, which under stress conditions, leads to the disappearance of melanocytes and clinical Vitiligo (Wagner et al., 2015).In the second part of this PhD project, we examined the role of these two proteins E-CADHERIN and β-CATENIN in the development of melanoblasts from the ventrally migrating pathway in contrast to the laterally migrating pathway previously described. We observed that ventrally migrating melanoblasts arose from precursors specified at E14 in melanoblasts or Schwann cells. Using a β-CATENIN gain of function mouse model, Tyr::Cre ; bcatΔex3 we observed that β-CATENIN signalling activation induced melanoblast specification at the expense of Schwann cells. We also demonstrated that E-CADHERIN loss in melanocytes (Tyr::Cre ; EcadF/F) decreased dorso-laterally migrating melanoblast expansion in the limb. Taken together, these results point to a critical role for E-CADHERIN and β-CATENIN in maintaining melanocyte homeostasis under stress conditions and regulating melanocyte development
Peron, Sophie. "Bases cellulaires et moléculaires de la régénération chez la méduse Clytia hemisphaerica." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS325.
Full textThe hydrozoan jellyfish Clytia hemisphaerica displays very efficient wound repair mechanisms after different types of injury. During my PhD, I investigated in the medusa the cellular and molecular processes involved in the regeneration of the feeding organ, called ‘manubrium’, ensuring the function of the mouth and stomach. I could define three successive phases during the wound response: wound healing, remodeling of the umbrella allowing the rapid recovery of the circular medusae shape, followed by the regeneration of some of the missing organs. Manubrium regeneration relies on local proliferation as well as cell migration from the gonads. Structural elements, especially the muscle fibers, play a key role in the repatterning process of the umbrella and the site of manubrium regeneration. I also generated transcriptomic data covering the early steps of regeneration. These data allowed the identification of markers of different cell types of the manubrium and documentation of their sequential reappearance during regeneration. They also revealed dynamic expression profiles for Wnt/β-catenin pathway components in the regenerating manubrium, strongly suggesting important roles for this pathway during regeneration. This work confirmed the potential of Clytia medusae as an experimental model for studying regeneration, allowing conserved cellular and molecular mechanisms to be uncovered, and our knowledge about the evolution of regeneration mechanisms in metazoans to be expanded
Harati, Rania. "Blood-Brain Barrier during cerebral maturation : impact of neuro-inflammation on the regulation of drug-efflux/influx transporters." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829110.
Full textGallet, Emmanuelle. "Techniques de model-checking pour l’inférence de paramètres et l’analyse de réseaux biologiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC035/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we present the use of model checking techniques for inference of parameters of Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) and formal analysis of a signalling pathway. In the first and main part, we provide an approach to infer biological parameters governing the dynamics of discrete models of GRNs. GRNs are encoded in the form of a meta-model, called Parametric GRN, such that a parameter instance defines a discrete model of the original GRN. Provided that targeted biological properties are expressed in the form of LTL formulas, LTL model-checking techniques are combined with symbolic execution and constraint solving techniques to select discrete models satisfying these properties. The challenge is to prevent combinatorial explosion in terms of size and number of discrete models. Our method is implemented in Java, in a tool called SPuTNIk. The second part describes a work performed in collaboration with child neurologists, who aim to understand the occurrence of toxic or protective phenotype of microglia (a type of macrophage in the brain) in the case of preemies. We use an other type of model-checking, the statistical model-checking, to study a particular type of biological network: the Wnt/β- catenin pathway that transmits an external signal into the cells via a cascade of biochemical reactions. Here we present the benefit of the stochastic model checker COSMOS, using the Hybrid Automata Stochastic Logic (HASL), that is an very expressive formalism allowing a sophisticated formal analysis of the dynamics of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, modelled as a discrete event stochastic process
Durand, Julien. "Caractérisation de l’implication de β-caténine dans les tumeurs surrénaliennes." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4766.
Full textAdrenal lesions occur in the general population at a prevalence of about 2-3%. Several mutations have been identified in adrenocortical tumours. β-catenin mutations were recently found to be the most frequent genetic alteration in both sporadic adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas (20-30%). β-catenin is the central player in canonical Wnt signaling which plays a key role in organ/ gland development, maintenance of homeostasis and tumourigenesis. Activation of Wnt signaling by altered regulation of β-catenin levels evokes -catenin accumulation in the nucleus, and interaction with the TCF/LEF-1 proteins that activates the transcription of target genes. These target genes are believed to be highly cell and context specific and are linked to developmental and cell cycling functions. β-catenin target genes in adrenocortical tumours are unknown. Using microarray technology, we found 490 transcripts that are deregulated in adrenocortical adenomas harbouring β-catenin activating mutations in comparison to non mutated adenomas and normal adrenal glands. These genes differ highly in function and many are poorly characterized genes. Differential expression of ISM1, RALBP1, PDE2A, CDH12, ENC1, PHYHIP and CITED2 in adenomas with activating β-catenin mutations was confirmed by real-time PCR. Treatment of human adrenocortical carcinoma cells, H295R (CTNNB1 Ser45Prol), with β-catenin/TCF inhibitors (PKF115-584 and PNU74654) further confirmed the implication of β-catenin on the transcriptional regulation of ISM1, RALBP1, PDE2A, ENC1 and CITED2. In conclusion, we have found new potential β-catenin target genes that may be involved in adrenocortical tumourigenesis.
Karam, Nancy. "Rôle du facteur de transcription PITX1 dans les pathogenèses de l'ostéoporose et des maladies parodontales." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15977.
Full textOsteoporosis is a progressive bone disease that is characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density leading to an increased risk of fracture. Several studies have linked osteoporosis to the low bone density of the mandibles, the periodontal attachment loss, increasing of the alveolar crest heigh and tooth loss. This study aims to understand the mechanisms underlying bone loss. During mouse development, PITX1 plays a key role in the identity of the hindlimb and the proper development of the jaws and teeth. Interestingly, PITX1-null mice displayed severe skeletal phenotype. Whereas, ageing PITX1+/- progressively developed OA-like lesions in cartilage associated with a drastic increase in cortical and trabecular bone formation. Conversely, expression analysis of osteoblasts derived from monozygotic twins discordant for osteoporosis reported an 8.6-fold up-regulation of Pitx1 expression in osteoblasts from osteoporotic twins when compared with healthy ones. Collectively, these data prompted us to investigate the role of PITX1 in normal and pathological bone metabolism. In this context, transgenic Col1α1-Pitx1 mice over expressing Pitx1 specifically in bone tissue under the type-I collagen promoter (2.3kb fragment) were generated and phenotypically characterized. These data suggested that Pitx1 overexpression induces an osteoporosis like phenotype accompanied with oral bone loss, edentulousness, dental and periodontal problems. These results suggested that Pitx1 overexpression induces alteration of bone homeostasis via the inactivating of the the Wnt/β-catenin canonical pathway. This hypothesis was supported by the fact that treatment with lithium chloride, a Wnt canonical activator, rescued the phenotype. Finally, this study establishes a crucial role of PITX1 in the regulation of bone mass and a possible involvement in the developpement of osteoporosis and periodontal disease via the inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin canonical pathway.