Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Voix humaine'
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Myers, Whitney. "La Voix humaine: A Technology Time Warp." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/music_etds/70.
Full textBeard, Cynthia C. "Beyond the Human Voice: Francis Poulenc's Psychological Drama La Voix humaine (1958)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2543/.
Full textSuire, Alexandre. "Évolution de la voix humaine : le rôle de la sélection sexuelle." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG027.
Full textIt has been suggested that the deep voices of men have been selected through intrasexual competition to signal dominance, threat and masculinity to competitors, whereas the high voices of women have been selected through intersexual competition to signal fertility and femininity. Indeed, beyond the linguistic message, the human voice conveys valuable biological and social information about the quality and condition of the speakers such as sex, age, body configuration, personality and possibly social status. These cues are crucial when assessing competitors and potential sexual partners. In this thesis, we studied the functional role of the human voice through the lens of sexual selection. Firstly, our work suggests that vocal preferences are not universal and depend on the culture under study, since several of our results in a population of French speakers show that men are attracted by relatively low-pitched voices in women, as opposed to what has been observed in English speaking populations. Likewise, most studies have focused on pitch and timbre, but our results suggest that phenotypic quality may be expressed through other elements of voice quality such as roughness, breathiness, and various prosodic elements. Secondly, the evolutionary interpretations hitherto evoked in the literature to explain these preferences remain unsatisfactory. Indeed, our results show that, on one hand, men's voices are not correlated with testosterone levels, suggesting that they are not a “honest” signal of immunocompetence and, on the other hand, that vocal modulation, which corresponds to a dynamic modification of voice quality in an interactional context, emphasizes the importance of studying voice in ecologically valid situations. Finally, we have shown through the principle of sound symbolism that the sexual dimorphism of the human voice is also reflected in the sound composition of first names and their attribution according to sex. To conclude, the present work offers several new lines of research and establishes sexual selection as a key evolutionary paradigm to study the human voice
Rocha, Marília Zangrandi. "Definindo presença: "La Voix Humaine" de Poulenc através da antropologia teatral." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29831.
Full textLy, Maria Joaquina Alves Dias Cardoso. "La voix humaine Cocteau/Poulenc : a intérprete e a expressão de emoções." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16434.
Full textEste trabalho pretende ser uma reflexão acerca dos sentidos que se escondem para além do texto e da notação musical, na obra La Voix Humaine de Poulenc/Cocteau e suas implicações e contribuições para a interpretação musical. Partindo de uma contextualização histórica, passando pela estrutura textual e musical, sem esquecer o precioso testemunho das entrevistas realizadas a onze cantoras portuguesas, pretende-se, evidenciar os afectos sugeridos pelo compositor e transmiti-los através da interpretação reforçando assim o lugar da intérprete numa cadeia de expressão de emoções.
This work aims to be a reflection of the meanings hidden beyond the text and musical notation on La Voix Humaine by Poulenc/Cocteau and its implications and contributions to a performance. From a historical perspective, passing through an analysis of the text and music, not forgetting the valuable interviews with eleven Portuguese singers, this work aims to highlight the emotions suggested by the composer and communicate them through a performance emphasizing the role of the singer on a chaine of expressing emotions.
Rogier, Ophélie. "Réponse électrophysiologique à la voix humaine au cours du développement normal et dans l'autisme." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR3125.
Full textAutism is characterized by major social disorders with difficulties that have been linked to disorders of perception of social stimuli (voices, faces) in adults with autism. The aim of this study was to investigate the electrophysiological response to human voice in normal development and in adults and children with autism. A specific positive response to voice located over the fronto-temporal region (Fronto-Temporal Positivity to Voice: FTPV) with right lateralization was identified in normal adults and children. Although delayed by about 20 ms, this specific response was also recorded in children with autism. In contrast, the FTPV was not present in adults with autism. This loss of function in neural networks involved in voice processing is discussed from a developmental perspective and in relation with the disorders of social interaction found in autism
Graux, Jérôme. "Perception de la voix humaine et hallucinations auditives : étude clinique et neurophysiologique." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR3314/document.
Full textThe hypothesis of this study was that schizophrenic patients with auditory verbal hallucinations perceive their own voices as alien voices. The aim of the study was to investigate the electrophysiological responses evoked by participants’own voices and those of unknown individuals. Our results in healthy subjects showed that they allocated fever automatic attentional resources to their own voices than to unfamiliar voices. This attenuation effect of the automatic orientation of attention to own voice was not observed in schizophrenic patients. In addition, in agreement with our initial hypothesis, the attenuation decreased even further as the hallucinations became more severe
Tibi, Laurence. "L'instrument de musique et la voix humaine dans la littérature françaisedu XIXème siècle." Bordeaux 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR30050.
Full textJacquemoud-Collet, Sandra. "La recherche d'une "phonograhie" : Le traitement de la voix dans La Comédie humaine de Balzac." Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1e38a8b8-4ee3-434b-8a4c-90f27bfbf339.
Full textThe perception of human voice was deeply renewed during the XVIIIth century, when philosophers and writers started to notice how dense, how transparent, how expressive and seducing it is. Balzac is one of the first novelists who takes these changes into account : La Comédie humaine affords, for the first time, a modern sensitivity to the voice, spoken or singing. The aim of this work is to study how the Balzacian novel approaches this new object. Balzac probes into all its contradictions, and first of all, the voice’s undecidable substance. It may either root the vocal phenomenon into the sensitivity and acknowledge its sensuality (La Comédie humaine establishes a real eroticism of the voices), or, on the other hand, assimilate the voice to the psychè. It bears an ontological dimension, which connects it with Balzac’s conception of energetic moves. There is also a paradox between the irresistible seduction the voice exerts on the listener, and the power of meaning it may provide : they may either combine or contradict. Because of its richness and complex meaning, the voice competes with words : thus it challenges the writing, and threatens the writer’s art. Ephemeral by definition, it is inevitably lost in the transcription : it is then a challenge to the writer, and Balzac is one of the first who rises to it. His exploration of a “phonographic” writing, which intends to record all the richness and complexity of the voice in the writing, is the objective of this study
Ouellet, Simon. "Reconnaissance biométrique de personne utilisant le visage, la voix et la métrologie humaine pour robots mobiles." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8186.
Full textCanivenq, Maryline. "Le Rossignol à larmes ou l'opéra pour femme seule : Erwartung d'Arnold Schoenberg, La Voix humaine de Françis Poulenc, Erzsebet de Charles Chaynes : contribution à l'étude du monodrame lyrique féminin." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20086.
Full textOeuvres originales dont le succes est incontestable. Opera for a single female voice in the history of music. This work was to remain unique -as well as its characteruntil 1958 when francis poulenc wrote the human voice. Then, in 1983, charles chaynes composed erzsebet. Even though the genre originated in this century. Only three lyrical monodramas have been created. Could this original setting of lyrical solitude appear as the reflection of an age or the creator's personal sense of distress and loss ? isn't this dramatic confinement of the heroin in a forest or in a room. The projection of a situation experienced by all on a stage which then becomes a place for speech, for analysis, for exorcism ? when we nalyse the woman's gratuitous words, we find she expresses certain permanent features which, first of all, allow us to extract specific literary themes : suffering, neurosis, psychosis, hysteria, schizophrenia, blood, the relationship between master and slave. Yet, this woman expresses herself through song : and we can then examine how the musical setting conveys this solitude and suffering. The absence of other characters imposes to the composers certain particular choices which give the monodrama its specificity : it is a place for experiment and freedom (atonal music without themes) and an opera of internal movement depends exclusively on the desperate sensitivity of a woman. To conclude, in spite of all the difficulties of the genre, which can be seen as a forerunner, this 'expressionist" opera is undoubtedly a
Banes, Gardonne Marie-Stéphanie de. "La voix intimiste d'un poète de la terre." Bordeaux 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR30054.
Full textJoseph Rouffanche was born in 1922, French teacher in 1961 and doctor in French literature in 1985, his poetry deals with the great elements of the literature and modern poetry in France : childhodd, the passion for the nature, the time and its own fate, the feeling of unfairness, feeling the life and the boarding school's experience like the most terrifying jail. Carrying on the Jean Follain's poetry in a certain way, Joseph Rouffanche finds his own answers to the strange and persistent questions which any man is confronted with one time, at least, in his life. With nostalgia and the most deep feeling of love for the disappeared childhood's world, Joseph Rouffanche sings the deep mystery of his world which focus on him writing and writing again
De, Souza-Dupuy Lucinéia. "La voix augmentée : variations psychanalytiques sur la pratique pianistique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR2036.
Full textThis thesis seeks to question the practice of a piano soloist – the interpreter of so-called “pure” or absolute music – drawing on several psychoanalytical reflections about music. In psychoanalysis, vocal or instrumental music is approached from the object of the “invocative impulse” – the voice. We perceive the “instrumental voice”, produced by the pianist and his or her instrument, as being a prosthesis of the singing human voice. We also draw on the notion of the “augmented human”, which first appeared in the 1990s, to form the hypothesis that music for piano is itself an augmented voice. The objective of the pianist is to be able to express him or herself through what we have termed the “prosthetic augmented voice”. To express him or herself through this “prosthetic augmented voice”, the pianist has to, first of all, transcend his or her own body. This is because the support of this voice is in fact his or her own body gestures
Patoyt, Estelle. "Ecriture de l'aventure et quête identitaire dans l'oeuvre de l'écrivain chilien Francisco Coloane (1910-2002)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30063/document.
Full textThis study aims to show how the narratives of Francisco Coloane contribute to the definition of a regional Austral identity through the representation of exceptional natural spaces and the description of maginalized human societies whose way of existence is determined by its natural milieu. Coloane’s writing testifies to a desire to lift the veil on an unknown, isolated and fantasized reality and to understand the essence of the Austral world. The space explored in Coloane’s stories and novels is first of all that of the author’s personal experiences in Patagonia, where he discovered men, but above all places, an otherworldly nature that would become the foundation of a unique poetic universe. In keeping with the settings of his narratives, Coloane’s novels are adventures. Close reading reveals, however, that adventure isalways confounded here with the quest for self-knowledge : Coloane’s Austral heroes are engaged in a pursuit for identity whose meaning is also collective, to the extent that their novelistic trajectory is representative of the destiny of a community. At the same time, maritime space, Coloane’s work takes on a universal dimension, for adventure at sea, imposing on man a permanent confrontation with death, becomes the occasion for metaphysical examinations. The stakes of this adventure are not only ontological: Coloane’s work is an intellectual adventure fully anchored in the physical and cultural context of Chile’s southern territories, navigated by erudite, investigative narrators—geographers, naturalists and ethnologists of the Austral world. Coloane’s texts are vehicules for the transmission of an encyclopedic range of knowledge about Chile’s southernmost regions. They participate in the understanding of a world that remains nevertheless essentially mysterious. Finally, the concern for truth which underlies Coloane’s writing must also be understood as a desire for justice : his texts make visible the workers forgotten by official history as well as the indigeneous inhabitants of the extreme southern territories, decimated by the promoters of industrial exploitation in the region. From this heuristic and critical perspective, Coloane unveils a tragic reality long obscured by the veil of a utopia that transformed Chile’s outermost regions into the stuff of romantic legend. Abandoning such myths, Coloane nevertheless imagines the survival of the Austral identity in the permanence of intimate connections between man and his milieu
Favennec, Marie. "Etude de la voie des kynurénines dans l'obésité humaine." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S037/document.
Full textTryptophan, an essential amino acid, is either used in protein synthesis or metabolized via the serotonin or the kynurenine pathway. The kynurenine pathway is the main route of tryptophan degradation and generates several metabolites collectively called “kynurenines”. The expression of kynurenine pathway enzymes is induced by inflammatory mediators. Consequently kynurenine synthesis could be induced in individuals with obesity. In fact, obesity is characterized by a chronic low grade inflammation of the adipose tissue reflected by increased serum levels of inflammatory factors which are known to contribute to the development of obesity-induced insulino-resistance. Some metabolites of the kynurenine pathway have been proposed to be risk factors for the development of insulin resistance. Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for severe obesity and results in a significant weight loss, a decreased level of inflammatory factors and an amelioration of glucose homeostasis. The first enzyme of the kynurenine pathway, IDO1, is known to be more expressed in the adipose tissue of individuals with obesity compared to lean individuals. The kynurenine over tryptophan ratio reflects the activity of IDO1 and is also increased in individuals with obesity.Our objective was to characterize the expression of the kynurenine pathway enzymes in the adipose tissue of women with severe obesity and to evaluate serum levels of the kynurenine pathway metabolites to determine whether these factors could be associated with the appearance of diabetes. This study was performed in women with severe obesity with or without type 2 diabetes. Then we investigated the consequences of weight loss induced by bariatric surgery on levels of circulating kynurenines in order to evaluate whether these variations could explain the improvement in glucose control and type 2 diabetes remission after one year follow-up.In this study, we have shown that several kynurenine pathway enzymes were more expressed in the adipose tissue of women with obesity compared to lean controls. This increase is due to the presence of pro-inflammatory macrophages in the adipose tissue and also comes from the adipocyte response to inflammatory stimuli. In addition, we observed that the serum level of kynurenine and kynurenine over tryptophan ratio are higher in women with higher BMI and they both decrease one year after bariatric surgery. In addition, we observed that the serum level of kynurenine and kynurenine over tryptophan ratio are higher in women with higher BMI and they both decrease one year after bariatric surgery. As expected, bariatric surgery is associated with the improvement and even the remission of type 2 diabetes. We have shown that higher levels of kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid one year after the surgery are associated respectively with type 2 diabetes remission and better glucose homeostasis and that lower levels of xanthurenic acid are associated with better glucose homeostasis
Brodeur, David. "Interaction humain-robot par la voix avec traitement des émotions du locuteur." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8783.
Full textTahon, Marie. "Analyse acoustique de la voix émotionnelle de locuteurs lors d'une interaction humain-robot." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780341.
Full textTahon, Marie. "Analyse acoustique de la voix émotionnelle de locuteurs lors d’une interaction humain-robot." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112275/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with emotional voices during a human-robot interaction. In a natural interaction, we define at least, four kinds of variabilities: environment (room, microphone); speaker, its physic characteristics (gender, age, voice type) and personality; emotional states; and finally the kind of interaction (game scenario, emergency, everyday life). From audio signals collected in different conditions, we tried to find out, with acoustic features, to overlap speaker and his emotional state characterisation taking into account these variabilities.To find which features are essential and which are to avoid is hard challenge because it needs to work with a high number of variabilities and then to have riche and diverse data to our disposal. The main results are about the collection and the annotation of natural emotional corpora that have been recorded with different kinds of speakers (children, adults, elderly people) in various environments, and about how reliable are acoustic features across the four variabilities. This analysis led to two interesting aspects: the audio characterisation of a corpus and the drawing of a black list of features which vary a lot. Emotions are ust a part of paralinguistic features that are supported by the audio channel, other paralinguistic features have been studied such as personality and stress in the voice. We have also built automatic emotion recognition and speaker characterisation module that we have tested during realistic interactions. An ethic discussion have been driven on our work
Munier-Bousseton, Fabienne. "Neuroblastome, résistance in vivo à l'irinotecan et voie de signalisation ALK." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829102.
Full textRodriguez, Rémy. "Caractérisation de déficits immunitaires humains associés à des anomalies génétiques de la voie PI3K." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB102/document.
Full textThe pathway p110 catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) is selectively expressed in leukocytes and has a central role in lymphocytes biology. Gain-of-function dominant germline mutations of PIK3CD (encoding p110 ) have been recently described in patients presenting a heterogeneous combined immunodeficiency associated with respiratory tract infections, lymphadenopathy and high EBV and/or CMV viremia. The heterogeneous clinical presentation suggests the existence of genetic or environmental modifying factors. In my thesis I report two new patients with different genetic defects causing CID. The first patient, born from a consanguineous family, presented a known gain-of- function mutation of PIK3CD. His clinical presentation was partially compatible with the already described patients. By whole exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous nonsense mutation in SEC14L2, a known regulator of PI3K pathway. We further analyzed the phenotype and functions of patient’s lymphocytes, and performed a transcriptome analysis to better characterize the implication of SEC14L2 mutation in the pathology. The second patient was born from consanguineous family and presented recurrent severe respiratory tract infections and a fatal Chronic Active EBV disease (CAEBV). By Whole Exome Sequencing, we identified a homozygous rare missense mutation in PIK3CD. 3D structure modelization showed that the mutated amino acid is located in p110 catalytic domain, in an evolutionarily conserved loop that interacts with alpha-helix of PI3K regulatory subunit p85a, which interaction is lost in mutated p110 . Phenotyping of patient’s circulating lymphocytes showed increased CD8+ T cells and reduced NK and CD4+ T cells. The mutation in PI3KCD resulted in impaired PI3K activity in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, patient’s T cells exhibited reduced activation-induced phosphorylation of AKT and p70-S6K, two indirect targets of p110 , that we restored by expressing wild type p110 . Patient’s T cells also showed a decreased induction of IFN- and TNF-↵ and an increased proliferation and calcium flux after TCR stimulation. By CRISPR CAS9 technology, we generated Jurkat T- cell lines expressing wild type or mutated PI3K. Jurkat cells expressing mutant PI3K showed decreased AKT phosphorylation and increased calcium flux and proliferation after TCR stimulation, confirming the implication of PIK3CD mutation in patient’s cells phenotype. Interestingly, we highlighted the existence of a balance between PI3K and PLC- 1 activity during T cell activation, that may be due to a competition for access to their shared substrate, the PIP2. Finally, we identified in our patient a second deleterious mutation in TNFRSF9 that is shared by his healthy sister, who also presented persistent EBV replication in blood, suggesting that this additional mutation may act as a modifying genetic factor. Taken together, the results presented in this thesis identified the first loss-of-function mutation in PIK3CD causing CID
Lachance, Catherine. "LES INTERMÉDIAIRES DE LA VOIE JAK / STAT DANS LES SPERMATOZOÏDES HUMAINS." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29583/29583.pdf.
Full textBlero, Daniel. "Contribution à la caractérisation du rôle de SHIP2 comme modulateur de la voie de la PI 3-kinase." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210824.
Full textBenferhat, Karima. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de complexes multi-protéiques impliqués dans la voie NHEJ humaine." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS271.
Full textIn mammals, DSBs repair by the Non Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) pathway involves several multi-protein complexes : (i) the recognition complex (the Ku70 / Ku80 heterodimer), (ii) the maturation complex and (iii) the ligation complex comprising XRCC4, XLF, PAXX and ligase IV. If the proteins involved in NHEJ are identified and characterized, their structural and functional properties are often poorly understood. During my thesis I combined biochemical approaches, and molecular microscopies (Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy), to characterize the properties of XRCC4, XLF and their interactions with the recognition complex (Ku-DNA). I have shown that the full length XRCC4 forms oligomers in solution (dimers and tetramers) and it polymerize into filaments whereas it can’t do it when the C-terminal region is absent. We initially characterized the structure of this filament in Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy. XRCC4 filament forms a helicoidal structure of left chirality. XLF alone does not forms a filament but can be incorporated into the XRCC4 filament, which we have shown by immunostaining with gold beads. In collaboration with Edward Egelman (University of Virginia-USA), the image analysis performed using his algorithm allowed us to obtain a 3D reconstruction of the XRCC4 filament. It consists of 2 filaments wound around each other in a helical manner with a pitch of 54 nm. Studies in CryoEM are in progress to obtain a 3D high resolution structure. The study of the physicochemical properties of the filament assembly as a function of the concentration, the temperature and the incubation time allowed to show the dynamics of the filament with stabilization at low temperature, and a concentration between 50 and 250 nM. DNA with or without ends interacts with the filaments. This interaction stabilizes and promotes the extension of the filament. Similarly, incorporation of XLF stabilizes the Xrcc4 filament. Analysis of complexes formed between DNA and XRCC4 or XLF in the oligomeric state shows intra- or intermolecular bridging events. In parallel, we have studied the DNA recognition properties of the Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer and we have shown that KBM domain of XLF interacts with Ku80 within the heterodimer. In conclusion, we show that the XRCC4 filament could play an architectural role favoring repair events by keeping the ends physically close. The recruitment of XLF into XRCC4 filaments ans its interaction with Ku allow the link between ligation and recognition complexes
VAUGIRARD, GILBERT HUBERT. "La syngamose humaine localisee aux voies aero-digestives superieures a la martinique : a propos de quatre cas." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31144.
Full textCouzi, Jacques. "Consommation de drogue par voie intraveineuse et infection par le virus de l'immunodeficience humaine : donnees et reperes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1M074.
Full textVigouroux, Stéphane Moullier Philippe. "Induction de lymphocytes T régulateurs humains par activation de la voie Notch." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=26016.
Full textVigouroux, Stéphane. "Induction de lymphocytes T régulateurs humains par activation de la voie Notch." Nantes, 2007. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=46a7d1f8-10e8-424c-91c3-4e9b9233a009.
Full textRegulatory T lymphocytes (Tr) are immunosuppressive cells that regulate the peripheral tolerance. Notch is a family of transmembrane receptors expressed at the surface of lymphocytes. Notch plays a important role in the lymphopoiesis. The ligation of the ligand Jaggedl induces the activation of Notch. We have demonstrated in two models of antigenic stimulation in vitro (viral and allogeneic) that overexpression of Jagged1 on human B cells transformed by the Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) used as antigen presenting cells and cultured with human T lymphocytes induced EBV specific Tr in the first model and allogeneic specific Tr in the second one. These results demonstrate that forced activation of Notch during an antigenic stimulation induce antigen specific Tr and add to Notch a possible role in the regulation of the peripheral immune system
Faria, Geraldo Majela Gaudencio. "Voix publiques - Voies publiques : critique de la sphère publique au Brésil : figures, configurations, spatialités." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010519.
Full textCamus, Mickaël. "Contribution de la voie corticospinale aux modulations volontaires des automatismes sensori-moteurs : Etudes par TMS chez l'homme." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22033.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to better understand the involvement of the corticospinal (CS) tract to the voluntarily modulation of the sensori-motor automatism in human. We have studied how, through the modulations of the CS excitability, the cognitive process act during the voluntarily adaptation of human gait. One particularity of these work is to envisage the question both under the motor process side, trying to highlight an CS access to the proximal leg muscles during gait, and under the cognitive process side, studying the contribution of this tract to the cognitive function linked to the motility. This work have been realized thank to the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a non-invasive tool allowing, in human, to study the CS influence during naturals movements
Lévêque, Yohana. "Le lien perception-production en voix chantée : place des représentations motrices." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3089.
Full textA growing body of research reveals that action production and action perception interact. In particular, it has been shown that speech perception entails articulatory motor representations in the listener. In the present work, we investigate the perception of a singing voice, a stimulus that is not primarily linked to articulatory processes. Does listening to a singing voice induce activity in the motor system? Is this motor activity stronger for a voice than for a non-biological musical sound? Two behavioral tasks, a og virtual lesionfg{} paradigm using TMS, the study of brain oscillations with EEG and an fMRI experiment carried out during my PhD have shed some light on these questions. Our results show that the perception of a singing voice is indeed associated with sensorimotor activity in repetition and discrimination tasks. Interestingly, the poorer singers displayed the stronger motor resonance. The motor system could facilitate the processing of sound or the preparation of the vocal response by internal model generation when the acoustic processing is not effective enough. The set of studies presented here thus suggests that audiomotor interactions in human voice perception are modulated by two factors: the biological dimension of sound and the listeners' vocal expertise. These results suggest new perspectives on our understanding of the auditory-vocal loop in speech and of sound perception in general
Singer-Delaunay, Hélène. "Expressions du corps interne." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010662.
Full textSergent, Fabrice. "Le financement du développement humain dans les pays pauvres : quel consensus ? : des chimères de l'altruisme à l'ordre economique." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE008.
Full textBudgetary choices and social sectors financing strategies brought into operation by the third world's governments hang doubt over their interest with regard to human development. In the same way, assistance from industrial countries for education and health, which are key sectors for human development, appears to be quantitatively and qualitatively limited, and thus, is not a good response to poor countries needs. Facing this non-consensus, we can either summon up ethies or political consciousness, or search for extra motivation in the field of interests involved. Such interests exist, either long dated as poor countries development can be seen as an investment for oursselves, or short dated as shown by the analysis of dest swaps. Trough swaping, social sectors financing depends on short term financial interests that confer an immediate profitability to human development, independant of moral political motivation or long terme economic considerations
Briet, Claire. "Déviation de l'auto-immunité chez la souris NOD invalidée pour la voie ICOS/ICOSL." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00849968.
Full textJoemets, Viivian. "Voice Outside the Verbal and the Musical. A Study on Human Voice in its relationto Body, Language, Writing, and Music in Western Culture." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040119.
Full textThe present thesis aims at clarifying the notion of voice and its place in Western post-literacy culture from the aspect of vocal non-verbal expression and its artistization. The specificity of voice lies in its multiplicity, no single trait of voice may be viewed as representative of human vocality in its entirety. Rooted in human biology, vocal expressivity is inherently distinct from the verbal and the musical; Chapter 1 deals with natural modes of nonverbal vocality of proto-humans and pre-verbal children. A comparison of the functions of human and animal vocalization is made. In Chapter 2 the relation of voice to body is treated. We analyse voice as the mark of personal identity and physical presence. Chapter 3 looks into the question of orality, defined as the social dimension of voice, in post-literacy Western culture and analyse how the democratization of writing, printing, and recording may have influenced the status of voice. In Chapter 4 we ask whether voice outside the framework of language and music may convey meaning and whether such voice may be considered a sign. In the final chapter a brief historical overview of non-verbal vocal music is outlined and a proposition is made to define singing as a fundamental act of human vocal expressivity, not as an art form that superposes linguistic and musical structures. A selection of examples of contemporary voice art is subjected to theoretical reflection in the light of the issues related to vocal expressivity as discussed in the thesis. The aim of the thesis is to provide a theoretical tool for future researches on human expressive vocalization and its artistization in the field of culture studies
Richez, Céline. "Caractérisations biochimique et cinétique de la glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase humaine 1." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112094.
Full textHuman L-glutamine: D-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (Gfat1), a recognized target in type 2 diabetes complications, was expressed in Sf9 insect cells with an internal His6-tag and purified to homogenity. This protein catalyses the first step of biosynthesis pathway of hexosamines whose end product is UDP-N-acetyl-Glucosamine. Two different microplate assays quantify D-glucosamine-6-phosphate and L-glutamate were used to analyze the enzyme kinetic properties. The recombinant human L-glutamine: D-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase isoform 1 exhibits Michaelis parameters Km Fru-6-P = 0. 98 mM and Km Gln = 0. 84 mM which are similar to the values reported for the same enzyme from liver rat. The kinetic mechanism ordered Bi Bi rapid equilibrium was determined from product inhibition. A screening of data compounds from ICSN allowed discovering three specific inhibitors of human enzyme that provid interesting targets in medicinal chemistry of anti-diabetic compounds
Chautard, Emmanuel. "Rôle de la voie de signalisation Interleukine-6 dans la radiorésistance des glioblastomes humains." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726307.
Full textTorrieri-Dramard, Léa. "Nouveaux enjeux de la vaccination par voie muqueuse : importance de la forme vaccinale et des modalités d'immunisation." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066628.
Full textMucosa is the main portal of entry for many of pathogens. Mucosal immunization appears to be the best option to develop new vaccines against these pathogens, because it induces good cellular and humoral immune responses at mucosal sites, but also systemic immune responses. The “plasmoVLP” strategy combines advantages of both DNA vaccines (easy to use and to produce) and VLP vaccines (antigens are presented by particle-shaped structures), by reinforcing humoral and cellular immunogenicity thanks to VLP production in vivo. Here, we tried to optimize this approach by combining advantages of both plasmoVLP vaccination and mucosal administration. We first showed in mice interests of mucosal administration, using a DNA vaccine targeting influenza virus. While no immune response is observed in lungs when DNA vaccine is injected by parenteral route, intranasal injection induces strong systemic and mucosal immunity, and protects against a highly pathogenic H5N1 virus. To evaluate the interest of mucosal plasmoVLPs, we studied vaccination against HIV. We showed that humoral and cellular immune responses induced by intranasal injection of GP140 plasmoVLP are better, at both systemic and mucosal levels, when compared to a DNA vaccine encoding only the GP140 protein. This result shows the interest to present antigens on particles. We also studied in mice the interest to target natural infection sites of the virus, by performing intrarectal immunization in a plasmoVLP/VLP prime-boost strategy. In the future, we plan to (i) reinforce the immunogenicity of this strategy by adding genetic adjuvants, and (ii) validate this mucosal strategy in macaque model, using a viral challenge
Moinzadeh, Irandokht Dina. "La voix incarnée : poétiques de la présence chez Charles Bukowski." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100033.
Full textIf Charles Bukowski never formulated a theory presiding over his work, nor made explicit metrical research, and never claimed any literary school, this rejection of any form of literary elitism is, in fact, a paradoxical poetics, which seeks to break down the barriers between writing and orality, between the work and the body that produced it, between the work and the life of its author. A poetics of presence is carried by a utopia where the boundary between world and language disappears, to put the poet's body at the center of the literary process. The poetic writing refuses its share of absence, that of the body and the voice, that of the moment of writing, to become almost a performance. The result is a deceptive transparency, the clarity of which is so dazzling that, rather than exposing it, it conceals its depth between the lines of the text
Sengenès, Coralie. "Les peptides natriurétiques:une nouvelle voie de controle de la lipolyse du tissu adipeux humain." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA11T054.
Full textBentebbal, Sana. "Rôle de la voie Src et des récepteurs β-adrénergiques dans l’Hypertension Artérielle Pulmonaire Humaine et Expérimentale." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114830/document.
Full textIdiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (iPAH) is characterized by an increased vascular resistance, increase pulmonary artery pressure, and at long term, a right ventricular failure. Endothelial dysfunction is the initial event of this pathology. It is a result of altered vasoactive molecules synthesis, altered growth factors production. These alterations directly affect the neighboring smooth muscle which produces an important vasoconstriction and a significant proliferation. Also, the smooth muscle has its own intrinsic abnormalities that participate in its vasoconstriction and proliferation phenotypes.It is to note that to date, PAH treatment strategies do not improve the vascular remodeling. Moreover, clinical results show no efficiency of these treatments on patient survival. Accordingly, this thesis studies have targeted new and better therapeutic approaches. To this aim, we have fist oriented our research toward the involvement of Src kinase in PAH pathology. We found that increased Src level in the Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells (PA-SMC) was associated with PAH development. Also, we have showed that, in vitro, Src inhibition, with specific molecules, prevent PA-SMC proliferation and revert PAH in a monocrotaline-induced experimental model. The second aim of this thesis work was oriented toward beta-adrenergic receptor inhibition in PAH. We have compared the effect of both the nebivolol, which is a third generation of b-blockers that has a vasodilation proterties, and metoprolol, which is a second generation of -blockers. Our results show that, as opposite to metoprolol, nebivolol has positive effects on endothelial dysfunctions, pulmonary artery relaxation, and on monocrotaline-induced PH in rats.Therefore, during this thesis, we have characterized two different therapeutic strategies that both show interesting potential in PAH treatment
Bellemare, Judith. "Étude de l'épissage alternatif des gènes humains encodant les protéines de la voie de glucuronidation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27442/27442.pdf.
Full textLeghmari, Kaoutar. "La protéine Tat du virus d'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) induit la production de l'IL-10 et du TNF-alpha dans le monocyte/macrophage humain : étude des mécanismes d'activation de la voie NF-kappaB." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/446/.
Full textIn human immunodeficiency virus infection, a progressive disturbance of cytokines network is observed. Thus, increasing levels in of the immunosuppressive cytokine, IL-10 and the pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-allpha are secreted in the HIV-1+ patients sera, before T lymphocytes decrease and seem to be linked in to AIDS progression and HIV associated dementia. The mainly viral factor implicated in this immunodeficiency is the transcription activating protein (Tat). Our previous results have shown that the N-terminal region of Tat protein was able to induce both IL-10 and TNF-alpha production by human monocytes by acting at the cell membrane. In this thesis, we focused on the characterization of the signaling pathways involved on IL-10 and TNF-alpha production, by monocytes/macrophages, and the role of TLR4 as a potential Tat receptor. Our results have shown that: i) Like in monocytes, Tat protein is also able to induce IL-10 production by human macrophages, in a PKC dependent pathway. Ii) The calcium pathway is not required for IL-10 production, although it is essential in Tat-induced TNF-alpha production. Our data suggest a new mechanism, implicating Tat protein, by which HIV-1 may maintain a constant production of the immunosuppressive IL-10 cytokine, even in the absence of TNF-alpha production. In consequence, HIV-1 may escape immune surveillance and thus promote the establishment of an immunosuppressive state. Iii) Tat is able to induce both classical and alternative NF-kappaB pathways. .
Mellah, Samira. "Etude des effets de la préparation motrice sur la musculature : modalités de décharge des unités motrices et rôle de la voie corticospinale." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30041.
Full textLesavre, Philippe. "Les proteases de la voie alterne du complement humain : structure et activation normale et pathologique." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077148.
Full textSy, Mouhamadou Moustapha. "Analyse d'incertitude en situation accidentelle : transfert de radionucléides dans l'environnement et évaluation de l'exposition humaine par voie alimentaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4313/document.
Full textRisk assessment, in case of nuclear emergency, is confronted to uncertainties on the transfer of radioactive substances in terrestrial ecosystems and to human population through the food chain, which could affect the reliability of decisions. The extent of the repercussions of Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents highlighted the difficulty of managing the consequences of such disasters and specifically to accommodate the different sources of uncertainty within decision-making processes. The objective of this research is to develop a methodology to account for uncertainties within environmental and food risk assessment models to improve decision support tools used for accidental situations. Different hierarchical Bayesian models aiming at capturing, within a unique modelling framework, uncertainty and variability about radioecological parameters of great importance for accidental situation were developed. Models parameters were estimated by Bayesian inference applied on databases obtained by an extended literature review. The impact on the risk assessment models of uncertainties about these radioecological parameters was then assessed by stochastic simulations and sensitivity analyses applied on two case-studies: a hypothetical accident simulating a standardized deposition of radionuclides and the accident of Fukushima nuclear power plant. The works developed in this project contribute to enhance knowledge on key processes governing environmental transfer of radionuclides and to improve the parameterization of the radioecological risk assessment models with respect to the research lines outlined by the scientific community in radioecology
Xuereb, Mélanie. "Les conditions de production du capital humain dans les pays en développement : un éclairage des conséquences économiques de l'épidémie de VIH/SIDA : Application au cas du Cameroun." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020028.
Full textHuc, Sylvie. "L'incidence des politiques d'ajustement structurel sur l'investissement en capital humain dans les pays en voie de développement." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010026.
Full textCOUTANT, KARINE. "Regulation de la fonction des keratinocytes humains par la bradykinine. Influence de la voie du mevalonate." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077039.
Full textPondarré, Corinne. "Contrôle des propriétés des cellules souches hématopoi͏̈étiques humaines : rôle du stroma et de la voie Notch." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077156.
Full textCorradi, Elena. "Dire l'émotion dans l'oeuvre de Marguerite Duras : le corps et la voix." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030155.
Full textThe purpose of our work is to report on one of the specificities of Marguerite Duras’s writing style, which consists in including emotion in her texts as a key device. We will show to what extent the emotional phenomenon can be enunciated on several levels in the writer’s literary work. Emotion is first of all suggested as the starting point of the construction of the characters whose behavior and most intimate self are thus defined. Then, emotion creeps into the dialogs which play an important part in Duras’s narrations, and becomes their mainspring. Emotion also stands out as the basic principle of the highly personal communication that Duras has always known how to maintain with her readers. This is how a permanent trait of Duras’s writing appears, conveyed by the bodies and voices of the writer and her characters. Given her eclecticism, which gave rise to a highly heterogeneous production, we decided to focus on the novels which offer a global vision of the emotional phenomenon on its three levels of expression: its representation, the way the narration operates as a scriptural device and the relationship with the reader. We also decided to take into consideration the works which punctuated the writer’s long career without identifying periods since the phenomenon of “emotion” was a de facto part of Marguerite Duras’s writings ever since her early days