Relevant bibliographies by topics / Volatil

Journal articles
Dissertations / Theses
Books
Book chapters
Conference papers
Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Volatil'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Volatil.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Volatil"

Apriyanto, Donni Kis, and Mitrayana Mitrayana. "SERAPAN SENYAWA ORGANIK VOLATIL SEBAGAI BIOMARKER PENYAKIT KANKER PARU: SUATU MINI REVIEW." Biomedika 12, no. 2 (August 30, 2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/biomedika.v12i2.10114.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRAKUlasan ini merupakan hasil studi literatur yang memberikan tinjauan umum serapan senyawa-senyawa organik volatil yang dianggap sebagai biomarker kanker paru. Senyawa-senyawa ini dapat menyerap pada panjang gelombang tertentu. Senyawa-senyawa organik volatil yang teridentifikasi didaftar dan dijabarkan panjang gelombang yang dapat mereka serap. Studi literatur ini menyajikan kelompok senyawa-senyawa organik volatil dapat menyerap pada rentang panjang gelombang inframerah. Hasil ulasan ini mungkin dapat bermanfaat untuk pengembangan skrinning kanker paru dengan menggunakan alat spektroskopi fotoakustik yang menggunakan sumber laser pada rentang panjang gelombang inframerah atau ultraviolet dengan memanfaatkan serapan panjang gelombang oleh senyawa-senyawa tertentu.Keyword: Biomarker Kanker Paru,Senyawa Organik Volatil, Spektroskopi ABSTRACTThis review is the result of a literature study that provides a general collection of volatile organic compounds (VOC) which are considered as markers for lung cancer. These compounds can absorb certain long waves. The volatile organic compounds identified are listed and described in wavelengths that they can absorb. Literature studies that produce volatile organic compounds in the analysis wavelength range. The results of this review may be useful for the development of lung cancer screening by photoacoustic spectroscopic devices that use laser sources in the range of infrared or ultraviolet wavelengths by utilizing wavelength absorb by certain compounds.Keyword: Lung Cancer Biomarker, Volatile Organic Compounds, Spectroscopy

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Aznury, Martha, Tjandra Setiadi, and Adi Pancoro. "Pengaruh sumber karbon terhadap produksi bioplastik polihidroksialkanoat (PHA) dengan ralstonia eutropha." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 9, no. 1 (October 2, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2010.9.1.4.

Full text

Abstract:

Bioplastic Polyhidroxyalknoate (PHA) is a polyester type bioplastic with physicochemical properties resemble to those of polypropilen from petroleum. PHA production was investigated to determine the effect of carbon source on the fermentation process by Ralstonia eutropha. Specifically, Ralstonia eutropha was cultivated in a batch bioreactor to show the dynamics of P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer production from glucose or fructose as C source. In adition, the effect of volatile fatty acids addition, as stimulator to the copolymer production, was also studied. The operating conditions in a 7 L bioreactor were at temperature 30 oC and pH 7.0. The concentration of carbon source glucose or fructose was 40 g/L, and after 20 hour fermentation, volatile fatty acids were added. With volatile fatty acids addition, the resulting fructose fermentation had PHA content of 32.78%, in which the HV percentage was 11.78%. Meanwhile, the fermentation of glucose, stimulated by volatile fatty acids, gave PHA as much as 20.19% with HV percentage of 8.71%. Therefore,, the Ralstonia eutropha fermentation of fructose as the carbon source gave a higher yield than glucose. Keywords: Volatil Fatty Acid, Fructose, Glucose, PHA, P(3HB-co-3HV), Ralstonia eutropha AbstrakBioplastik polihidroksialkanoat (PHA) adalah bioplastik dari kelompok poliester dengan sifat fisikokimia mirip dengan plastik polipropilen dari minyak bumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh sumber karbon terhadap poduksi PHA yang dilakukan dengan proses fermentasi menggunakan Ralstonia eutropha. Ralstonia eutropha dikultivasi dalam bioreaktor batch untuk mempelajari dinamika produksi kopolimer P(3HB-co-3HV) dari sumber karbon glukosa atau fruktosa, serta mempelajari pengaruh sumber stimulator asam lemak volatil. Kondisi operasional fermentasi menggunakan bioreaktor 7 L adalah pada temperatur 30 oC dan pH 7. Konsentrasi sumber karbon glukosa atau fruktosa yang digunakan adalah 40 gr/L, dan setelah 20 jam fermentasi ditambahkan asam lemak volatil yang berfungsi sebagai stimulator dalam produksi P(3HB-co-3HV). Panen sel Ralstonia eutropha dilakukan setelah 60 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan fermentasi Ralstonia eutropha dengan substrat fruktosa dan asam lemak volatil sebagai stimulator mempunyai kandungan PHA sebesar 32,78%, dengan kadar HV 11,78%. Pada pemberian substrat glukosa dan asam lemak volatil menunjukkan kandungan PHA sebesar 20,19%, dengan kadar HV 8.71%. Jadi fermentasi Ralstonia eutropha dengan menggunakan substrat fruktosa memberikan yield yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan menggunakan substrat glukosa.Kata Kunci: Asam lemak volatil, fruktosa, glukosa, PHA, P(3HB-co-3HV), Ralstonia eutropha

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

BARLINA, RINDENGAN. "Pengaruh Penyaringan Nira Terhadap Senyawa Volatil Gula Aren." Buletin Palma 16, no. 1 (September 9, 2016): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bp.v16n1.2015.32-39.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRAK Nira aren merupakan bahan baku utama pengolahan gula merah. memanfaatan gula aren sangat beraneka ragam, terutama pada jenis-jenis makanan yang menghendaki rasa dan aroma khas dari gula aren, namun untuk produk tertentu tidak menghendaki adanya aroma dari gula aren. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mempelajari cara penyaringan nira aren dan melakukan identifikasi komponen volatil produk akhir gula aren. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2013 sampai Oktober 2013 di Tinoor Satu, Kecamatan Tomohon Utara, Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma, Laboratorium Kimia dan Biokimia Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, UGM-Yogyakarta, dan Laboratorium Flavor-Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi di Sukamandi. Nira yang sudah disiapkan disaring menggunakan tiga cara, yaitu: (a) penyaringan menggunakan kain saring, (b) penyaringan menggunakan kertas saring ditambah batu zeolit, dan (c) penyaringan menggunakan kertas saring ditambah batu zeolit dan hasil penyaringan ditambahkan kapur makan 0,25%. Selanjutnya nira diproses menjadi gula aren, dikemas menggunakan aluminium foil berlapis plastik kemudian di analisis kadar air, abu, lemak, protein, gula reduksi, sakarosa dan kalsium, sedangkan identifikasi senyawa volatil, menggunakan alat ekstraksi Likens-Nickerson dan Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pada umumnya nira yang mengalami penyaringan menyebabkan penurunan komponen makronutrien pada gula aren dan senyawa volatil. Penyaringan menggunakan kain saring menghasilkan gula aren dengan 24 jenis senyawa volatil konsentrasi 40,1314 ppm. Penyaringan dengan kertas saring tambah batu zeolit menghasilkan gula aren dengan 33 jenis senyawa volatil konsentrasi 0,1139 ppm. Penyaringan kertas saring tambah batu zeolite dan kapur makan jumlah senyawa volatil 28 jenis dengan konsentrasi 0,1292 ppm. Senyawa volatil yang dominan adalah pirazin, berturut-turut penyaringan menggunakan kain saring 31,5930 ppm. Penyaringan kertas saring tambah batu zeolit 0,0826 ppm dan penyaringan kertas saring tambah batu zeolit dan kapur makan 0,1075 ppm. Nira yang disaring menggunakan kertas saring dan ditambah batu zeolit yang menghasilkan senyawa volatil hanya 0,1139 ppm adalah yang baik karena senyawa non volatil seperti sakarosa meningkat sedangkan gula reduksi menurun dan warna gula masih khas gula aren.Kata kunci: Nira aren, penyaringan, gula aren, volatil. <span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; letter-spacing: -0.35pt; font-family: 'Arial Bold'; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Bold'; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Effect of Filtering Palm Sap to Volatile Compounds of Palm Sugar ABSTRACT Toddy of sugar palm is the main raw material for processing palm sugar. Utilization of palm sugar is various, especially in the types of foods that require a distinctive flavor and aroma of palm sugar, on the other hand some of products did not require any scent of palm sugar. This research had been done with the aim to study the palm sap method and to identify volatile compounds of palm sugar products. The experiment was conducted in May 2013 to October 2013 in Tinoor, Subdistrict North-Tomohon, Laboratory of Indonesian Palms Research Institute, Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, and Laboratory Flavor of Rice Research in Sukamandi. Toddy that has been prepared is filtered using three methods which are : A ) filtration using filter cloth, B ) filtration using filter paper plus zeolite stone , and C ) filtering using filter paper plus zeolite stone and added 0.25 % limestone. Filtered toddy were processed to be palm sugar and then packed using plastic coated aluminium foil. Palm sugar then analyzed to contents of water, ash, fat, protein, reduction sugar, saccharose and calsium while identification of the volatile compounds, using a Likens-Nickerson extraction and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ( GCMS ). The results showed generally filtered toddy caused decreasing of macronutrients and volatile, compounds of palm sugar. Filtering using filter cloth produced palm sugar with 24 kinds of volatile compounds, concentration of 40.1314 ppm. Filtering paper added zeolite stone produced palm sugar with 33 kinds of volatile compounds concentration of 0.1139 ppm. Filtering paper added zeolite stone and limestone produced palm sugar with 28 kinds of volatile compounds concentration of 0.1292 ppm. The dominant volatile compound is pyrazine with concentrations respectively are filtration using filter cloth 31,5930 ppm, filter paper added zeolite stone 0.0826 ppm and filter paper added zeolite and limestone 0,1075 ppm. Toddy filtered using filter paper added zeolite store that produced volatile compounds only 0.1139 ppm was good. It means increasing non-volatile compounds such as sucrose and decreasing reduction sugar while the colour of sugar still typical of palm sugar.Keywords: Toddy, filtering, palm sugar, volatile.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Hargono, Hargono. "KESETIMBANGAN ADSORBSI SENYAWA ORGANIK VOLATIL PADA PERMUKAAN TANAH (SUATU PREDIKSI MODEL)." REAKTOR 3, no. 1 (May 8, 2017): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.3.1.34-38.

Full text

Abstract:

Model adsorbsi klasik Langmuir dan BET (Brauer-Emmet-Teller) memberikan titik awal dalam pengembangan model mengenai "equilibrium state" senyawa organik volatil pada permukaan tanah. Moisture content (kandungan air) dalam tanah merupakan faktor kunci (key factor) peristiwa adsorpsi. Prediksi model persamaan diberlakukan untuk tanah kering , lembab dan basah. Pada keseimbangan adsorpsi senyawa organik volatil di udara dan di tanah memberikan korelasi antara konsentrasi uap senyawa organik volatil dikorelasikan dengan moisture content tanah. Teori menunjukkan 3 sub model tanah yang paling dominan adalah adsorpsi yang dilakukan oleh tanah kering (dry soils).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Rumape, Opir, Erni Mohamad, and Rindi Antika Mohi. "Optimasi Briket Bungkil Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas) Melalui Variasi Tepung Tapioka." Jambura Journal of Chemistry 1, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.34312/jambchem.v1i1.2103.

Full text

Abstract:

This research was aimed to synthesis and charaeterization of bio briquette from jathropa as fuel alternative. It was tested froxmite malysis and through variation of sharch. The res showed that briquette of jathropa head 7,837% of moisture content, 5,993% of ash, 50,900% volatile compounds, density and 7027,322- 6120,711 kal/g of calorifie value.Keywords: Jatropha, biobriket characteristics, test proximate, tapiocaPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pembuatan briket jarak pagar melalui variasi tepung tapioka sebagai bahan alternatif, melalui tahapan penelitian yang meliputi pembuatan briket yaitu pengeringan, karbonasi, dan pencetakan. Karakterisasi briket meliputi uji proksimasi yakni kadar air, kadar abu, kadar senyawa volatil, kadar karbon terikat, kerapatan dan nilai kalor. Dari hasil uji proksimasi menunjukkan bahwa briket dari bungkil jarak pagar memperoleh rata-rata 7,837 %. untuk kadar air, rata-rata 5,993 %. untuk kadar abu, rata-rata 50,900% untuk kadar senyawa volatil, 7027,322 -6120,711 kal/g untuk nilai kalor.Kata kunci: Jarak pagar, karakteristik biobriket, uji proksimasi, tepung tapioka

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Pratama, Rusky Intan, Iis Rostini, and Emma Rochima. "Profil Asam Amino, Asam Lemak dan Komponen Volatil Ikan Gurame Segar (Osphronemus gouramy) dan Kukus." Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 21, no. 2 (August 16, 2018): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v21i2.22842.

Full text

Abstract:

Komponen volatil merupakan kelompok senyawa-senyawa volatil yang berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik flavor komoditas dan penerimaannya secara keseluruhan oleh konsumen karena pengaruhnya terhadap karakteristik aroma. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengidentifikasi komposisi senyawa-senyawa volatil, profil asam amino dan asam lemak salah satu jenis ikan budidaya air tawar khas Jawa Barat yaitu ikan gurame dalam kondisi segar dan kukus. Metode ekstraksi sampel Solid Phase Micro Extraction dilakukan dengan suhu ekstraksi 40oC untuk sampel segar dan 80oC untuk sampel kukus selama 45 menit kemudian senyawa volatil dideteksi dan diidentifikasi menggunakan Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Analisis pendukung lain yang dilakukan ialah analisis profil asam amino dan profil asam lemak menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Senyawa volatil pada sampel ikan gurame segar yang terdeteksi ialah 17 senyawa sedangkan pada hasil pengukusannya sebanyak 38 senyawa. Asam amino yang terkandung lebih tinggi untuk sampel ikan gurame segar dan kukus ialah asam glutamat (3,12%; 4,09%). Hasil analisis profil asam lemak menunjukkan bahwa sampel ikan gurame segar dan kukus mengandung asam palmitat (21,87%; 21,93%), asam oleat (27,04%; 27,41%), asam linoleat (14,88%; 13,43%) yang terukur lebih tinggi dibandingkan asam lemak lainnya. Golongan senyawa volatil yang terdeteksi pada kedua sampel sebagian besar berasal dari gugus hidrokarbon, aldehid, keton dan alkohol. Kebanyakan dari senyawa-senyawa ini diketahui berasal dari hasil reaksi enzimatis, oksidasi lemak dan berbagai pengaruh lingkungan.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Teyssedre, Michel. "Technologies pour un monde volatil." Le journal de l'école de Paris du management 50, no. 6 (2004): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/jepam.050.0007.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Huda, Nurul, Witiyasti Imaningsih, and Safinah Surya Hakim. "Uji Antagonisme Kapang Endofit Tanaman Galam (Melaleuca cajuputi) terhadap Colletotrichum truncatum." Jurnal Mikologi Indonesia 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46638/jmi.v3i2.62.

Full text

Abstract:

Galam (Melaleuca cajuputi) adalah spesies asli dari lahan gambut yang secara alami hidup berasosiasi dengan kapang endofit. Kapang endofit dikenal karena kemampuannya sebagai biofungisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan kapang endofit yang diisolasi dari pohon Galam untuk menghambat pertumbuhan kapang pathogen Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore dan menganalisis mekanisme penghambatannya. Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi (a) isolasi kapang endofit; (b) seleksi kapang endofit; (c) uji patogenisitas dan antagonis kapang endofit; (d) uji kemampuan metabolit volatil dan non-volatil dan (e) uji mikoparasitisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase penghambatan tertinggi pada uji antagonisme secara in-vitro dalam menghambat C. truncatum ditunjukkan oleh isolat Neurospora sp. DG 27 dengan rata-rata persentase hambatan sebesar 71,98%, diikuti oleh isolat Neurospora sp. DG 17, 53,74% dan isolat Syncephalastrum sp. AG 15, 48,28%. Uji kemampuan metabolit volatil dan non-volatil isolat Neurospora sp. DG 27 menunjukkan persentase penghambatan tertinggi terhadap kapang C. truncatum. Mekanisme penghambatan isolat Neurospora sp. DG 27 terjadi secara antibiosis sehingga terbentuk zona bening, sedangkan isolat DG 17 terjadi secara kompetisi dan isolat Syncephalastrum sp. AG 15 secara mikoparasit.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Subiono, Tjatjuk, and Sadaruddin Sadaruddin. "Komposisi Bahan Volatil Ekstraks Kulit batang Antiaris toxicaria Lesch yang Tumbuh di Pulau Kalimantan." Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu 8, no. 1 (June 18, 2020): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36084/jpt..v8i1.216.

Full text

Abstract:

Antiaris spp yang tumbuh di pulau Kalimantan telah dikenal sebagai tanaman pada kulit batangnya menghasilkan getah dan telah digunakan sebagai racun sumpit dan obat tradisional. Namun hingga saat ini belum ada laporan penelitian tentang kandungan komponen volatil di kulit batang tanaman tersebut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kimia Organik (Ekstraksi bahan volatil), analisis GC-MS di laboratorium Pusat Ilmu Hayati Universitas Brawijaya, pada bulan Agustus-Oktober 2017. Tujuan penelitian untuk memberikan informasi tentang komposisi kimia minyak atsiri dalam kulit Antiaris spp yang dihasilkan dari metode destilasi. Distilat diekstraksi dengan 2 pelarut polaritas yang berbeda yaitu n-heksana dan etil asetat. Komposisi kimiawi ekstrak tersebut kemudian dianalisis dengan GC-MS. Hasil analisis GC-MS pada pelarut n-heksana menunjukkan adanya senyawa volatil seperti isoforon (35,795%), sitronelal (0,52%), β-patchoulene (0,186%), geranyl acetate (0,377%), Z-3 - hexadecene (0,543%), geranyl butyrate (0,323%), asam palmitat (0,677%), terpenol (0,352%), terpeniol hidrat (0,246%) dan citronelllyl acetate (0,233%). Sedangkan dalam pelarut etil asetat mengandung β-patchoulene (1,799%), α-hexyl cinnamaldehyde (0,949%), alpha-octadecene (6,135%), alkohol miristat (3,554%) dan asam heksadekanoat (5,724%). Pelarut n-heksan memberikan hasil bahan volatil yang lebih kompleks dibandingkan etil asetat.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Lada, Yulius Gae, Supriyanto Supriyanto, and Purnama Darmadji. "PENGARUH PERENDAMAN BIJI KAKAO KERING DAN BAHAN ALAT SANGRAI TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DAN PROFIL SENYAWA VOLATIL KAKAO SANGRAI SERTA SIFAT SENSORIS COKELAT BATANG YANG DIHASILKAN." Jurnal Agritech 34, no. 04 (February 11, 2015): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.9439.

Full text

Abstract:

This research aimed at evaluating the effect of dry cocoa bean soaking and roasting using various type of materials roaster instrument on the physical properties and profile of volatile compounds of roasted beans as well as sensorial attributes of chocolate bar resulted. Dry beans were soaked into water for 2 h to reduce acidity. Roasting was carried outusing several instruments that were made from aluminum, iron and clay to obtain bean moisture content of 2 – 3.5%. Texture, color, and volatile compounds profile of roasted beans as well as sensorial attributes of chocolate bar were studied. Results showed that roasting cooking period (50 minutes) using clay roasting instrument was faster and hadhighest rate of temperature increase, followed by iron (70 minutes) and aluminum (90 minutes). Dry beans soaking significantly affected beans color (L* and λE value), chocolate bar attributes particularly aroma, acid taste and bitterness, however the instrument material differences had no significant effect on those parameters. The texture of cocoa beansroasted using a roaster of aluminum was the hardest, but it was not affected by the soaking treatment. Roasting of the cocoa beans using a roaster of aluminum, iron and clay produced different profiles on volatile compounds. A roaster of clay produced groups of compounds with the total area of SPME-GC-MS chromatogram was smaller than the roasterof aluminum and iron. The produced chocolate bars through the soaking treatment and roasting using a roaster of clay was preferred by the panelists.Keywords: Soaking, materials of roaster instrument, roasted cocoa beans, volatile compounds profile, chocolate bar ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman biji kakao kering dan penyangraian menggunakan berbagai jenis bahan alat sangrai terhadap sifat fisik dan profil senyawa volatil kakao sangrai serta sifat sensoris cokelat batang yang dihasilkan. Biji kakao kering direndam menggunakan air selama 2 jam untuk mengurangi keasaman,kemudian disangrai menggunakan berbagai jenis bahan alat sangrai (alumunium, besi dan tanah liat) hingga kadar air biji kakao sangrai mencapai 2 – 3,5%. Biji kakao kering diamati dan dianalisis sifat fisik dan profil senyawa volatil biji kakao sangrai serta sifat sensoris cokelat batang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan alat sangrai dari tanah liat lebih cepat dalam mematangkan biji kakao kering menjadi biji sangrai (50 menit) dengan laju peningkatan suhu yang cepat dan tinggi, selanjutnya diikuti dengan alat sangrai yang terbuat dari besi (70 menit) dan alumunium (90 menit). Perlakuan perendaman biji kakao kering berpengaruh nyata terhadap warna biji sangrai (nilai L* dan λE)dan sifat sensoris cokelat batang yang dihasilkan terutama aroma cokelat, rasa asam dan pahit, sedangkan perlakuan bahan alat sangrai tidak berpengaruh nyata. Tekstur biji kakao dari hasil penyangraian menggunakan alat sangrai dari alumunium adalah paling keras, tetapi tidak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan perendaman. Penyangraian biji kakaomenggunakan alat sangrai dari alumunium, besi dan tanah liat menghasilkan profil senyawa volatil yang berbeda. Dari kromatogram SPME-GC-MS diketahui bahwa alat sangrai dari tanah liat menghasilkan kelompok senyawa dan total luas area yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan alat sangrai dari alumunium dan besi. Cokelat batang yang dihasilkan melalui perendaman dan disangrai menggunakan alat sangrai dari tanah liat adalah yang paling disukai oleh panelis.Kata kunci: Perendaman, bahan alat sangrai, biji kakao sangrai, profil senyawa volatil, cokelat batang

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Volatil"

Löfberg, Pontus, and Martin Ragnvid. "Aktiv förvaltning : en utvärdering under volatil tid." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-10907.

Full text

Abstract:

Over a long period of time, there has been a rich debate in the academic and financial world if active management can generate an excess return. Many experts say that the current active management strategies is nothing more than a money grab that produces large gains, for banks and investment firms, through high management fees while producing no excess value for the individuals buying their service. In short, an effective market makes it almost impossible for fund managers to produce value for their clients in the long run. No argument has only one side though, other experts say that active management has a role to play because not all investors are rational. This irrationality can lead to mispricing on financial assets in the marketplace and in turn lead to an ineffective market where active management can fill a much needed role. The purpose of this study is therefore to see if active management strategies can create a higher risk adjusted return, taking management fees into consideration, during times of high volatility when the uncertainty is at its peak. We studied the time period of 2003-2012 where 2008 was by far the most volatile year and in being so was the main focus point for our study. In trying to make as strong a case as possible we gathered 250 mutual funds continuous daily data of ten years for volatility and yield. We had trouble getting a reliable and valid result using the Sharpe ratio and the modified Sharpe ratio when we studied 2008, we used the Sharpe ratio for the ten year study but we had to use a two dimensional measurement for 2008 which focused exclusively on volatility and yield. The result of the study states that during 2008 we could not show a statistical significance in favor of active management in terms of excess returns when we used the Sharpe ratios. We could however observe if we looked at the frequency data, regarding volatility and yields, see that active management created a higher value for its clients than passive management during 2008. When we observed the results for the whole time period we saw that active management created a significant positive difference in yield toward passive management. The conclusion of the study is therefore that active management can generate an excess value for its investors not just in times of distress but in all market climates.
Under många år har det förekommit en debatt i både den akademiska världen och på den finansiella marknaden huruvida en aktivt förvaltningsstrategi kan generera överavkastning kontra ett index. Flertalet experter säger att strategin i sig är ett tilltag från fondbolag och banker för att generera intäkter i form av höga förvaltningsavgifter och strategin har oerhört svårt att generera mervärden åt aktörer som nyttjar deras tjänster. Således är det nästintill omöjligt att på en effektiv marknad, skapa ett mervärde för investerare över en längre tidperiod. Inget argument har bara en sida dock, andra experter menar att strategin kan skapa en funktionell betydelse då investerare allt som oftast uppvisar ett irrationellt beteende som ger upphov till felprissättningar på finansiella tillgångar. Syftet med studien blir därför att se huruvida en aktiv förvaltningsstrategi kan skapa högre riskjusterade avkastningar med hänsyn till förvaltningsavgifter än ett valt jämförelseindex under tider med hög volatilitet, då osäkerheten kan anses som störst. Vi studerade tidsperioden 2003-2012 och fann att det mest volatila året med en bred marginal var 2008, det här året blev då fokus för vår studie när vi valde att se över tider med hög volatilitet. För att styrka studiens tillförlitlighet insamlades kontinuerligt förräntade dagsavkastningarna och dagsvolatilitet uppskattades för 250 fonder och utgjorde därmed grunden för studien. Tillsammans med Sharpekvoten och en modifierad Sharpekvot fann vi svårigheter med att påvisa ett reliabelt resultat under riskåret 2008. Svårigheterna mynnade sedermera fram till ett tvådimensionellt riskmått för 2008 och Sharpekvoten för hela den valda tidsperioden. Resultatet av studien konstaterade att riskåret 2008 påvisade en frekvensmässig högre riskjusterad avkastning med hänsyn till förvaltningsavgifter för fonder gentemot S&P 500. Resultatet visade även att fonder generellt genererade en högre riskjusterad avkastning än S&P 500 oavsett om man exkluderade förvaltningsavgifter eller ej, resultatet var således signifikant för hela den aggregerade tidsperioden. Konklusionen från studien blir således att en aktiv förvaltningsstrategi kan generera mervärde till investerare oavsett om man exkluderade förvaltningsavgifter eller ej och oavsett om marknadens omgivits av osäkerhet eller ej.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Jorlöv, David. "Utvinning av volatil-data : En jämförelse av olika verktygs påverkan på Windows XP och 7 vid en volatil-data-utvinning." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-23206.

Full text

Abstract:

Examensarbetet går ut på att utreda vad verktyg vid volatil-data-utvinning (Reeve & Shipley, 2006) orsakar för förändringar på ett datasystem. Volatil-data är information som försvinner när datasystemet stängs av och kan vara nödvändig t.ex. när man försöker läsa en krypterad hårddisk, då krypteringsnyckeln (Casey, et al., 2011) kan finnas i (Random Access Memory) RAM-minnet som är volatilt. I IT-brottslighetens barndom utvecklades (Brown, 2009) metoder för att påverkan på ett datasystem vid ett beslag skulle bli så liten som möjligt. Detta gjordes för att beviset man får från datasystemet skulle hålla i en rättgång och gick ofta ut på att slå av strömmen på datasystemet. I dagsläget är detta inte alltid möjligt då viktig volatil information kan gå förlorad som t.ex. en krypteringsnyckel från RAM-minnet. Därför är det viktigt att (Blyth, et al., 2008) veta vad verktygen som används vid en volatil-data-utvinning orsakar för förändringar på datasystemet, för att man ska kunna använda sig av det verktyget som orsakar minst förändringar på datasystemet. Dessutom kan man i en rättegång tala om vilka förändringar verktyget orsakade.I examensarbetet har 14 verktyg analyserats på operativsystemen Windows XP och Windows 7. De med samma funktion jämfördes med varandra för att ta reda på vilka som orsakar minst förändringar i datasystemet. Från analysen av verktyg vid volatil-data-utvinning kan man konstatera att verktygen med ett grafiskt gränssnitt skrev betydligt mer till Windowsregistret än kommandoradsbaserade verktyg.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Bogusz, Junior Stanislau. "Caracterização quimica da fração volatil e estudo do potencial antioxidante em pimentas do genero Capsicum." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254277.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Helena Teixeira Godoy
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T20:37:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BoguszJunior_Stanislau_D.pdf: 3727338 bytes, checksum: 9a31fb487f5c969747c0dc90cbde0d73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Nos últimos anos, no Brasil, o volume das exportações de pimentas Capsicum aumentou significativamente, fato que fez com que este produto agrícola se posicionasse como a segunda principal hortaliça exportada pelo país. Acredita-se que o crescimento nas exportações de pimentas esteja relacionado à avidez do mercado por este condimento que é amplamente empregado em formulações alimentícias industrializadas ou caseiras em diversos países. Além disso, a indústria de alimentos as emprega largamente como agente colorante e flavorizante em molhos, sopas, carnes processadas, lanches, doces e bebidas alcoólicas. Dada esta ampla utilização, pode-se considerar os caracteres sensoriais, proporcionados pelas pimentas, como um fator importante na qualidade sensorial dos alimentos que as empregam em suas formulações. Neste trabalho, o objetivo foi analisar a fração volátil e a fixa de três variedades de pimentas Capsicum brasileiras: malagueta (Capsicum frutescens), dedo-de-moça (Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum) e murupi (Capsicum chinense) em dois estádios de maturação (tecnológica e comercial). Para a fração volátil foi empregada microextração em fase sólida do espaço de cabeça (HS-SPME, ¿Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction¿). Foram testadas as fibras: carboxen/polidimetilsiloxano (CAR/PDMS-75µm), polidimetilsiloxano (PDMS-100µm), divinilbenzeno/polidimetilsiloxano (DVB/PDMS-65µm), carbowax/divinilbenzeno (CW/DVB-70µm), e divinilbenzeno/carboxen/polidimetilsiloxano (DVB/CAR/PDMS-50/30µm), sendo que, esta última foi a que apresentou melhor eficiência na captura dos voláteis. Para esta fibra foram otimizadas as condições de extração utilizando delineamento composto central rotacional (DCCR). Empregando-se as condições ótimas de extração por HS-SPME e cromatografia gasosa (GC, ¿Gas Chromatography¿) hifenada a detector de ionização em chama (FID, ¿Flame Ionization detector¿) e espectrometria de massas (MS, ¿Mass Spectrometry¿), um total de 83 voláteis foram identificados na pimenta malagueta, em sua maioria ésteres e alcoóis; enquanto que na pimenta dedo-de-moça foram identificados 50 voláteis, em sua maioria monoterpenos e sesquiterpenos e na pimenta murupi foram identificados 79 voláteis, em sua maioria ésteres e sesquiterpenos. Também foi verificada uma diminuição das áreas dos picos dos voláteis nas três amostras, com o processo de maturação, principalmente nas amostras de pimenta dedo-de-moça, na qual a maioria dos voláteis desapareceu com o amadurecimento. Para a análise das frações voláteis das pimentas, também foram desenvolvidas e otimizadas metodologias de cromatografia gasosa bidimensional abrangente (GCxGC, ¿Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gás Chromatography¿) hifenada aos detectores FID e espectrometria de massas por tempo de voo (TOF/MS, ¿Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry¿). Através destas técnicas multidimensionais um total de 220 compostos voláteis foi identificado (125 em pimenta malagueta, 123 em murupi e 75 em dedo-de-moça), destes compostos, 24 apresentaram potencial para discriminação das amostras e foram utilizados na análise de componentes principais (PCA). Os resultados do PCA permitiram discriminar as amostras entre si e também segundo seus estádios de maturação. As amostras de pimenta malagueta foram discriminadas principalmente por compostos pertencentes ao grupo dos ésteres ramificados; a pimenta murupi, por sesquiterpenos e a pimenta dedo-de-moça pela presença de aldeídos e metoxipirazina. Além disso, foi avaliado o potencial antioxidante das frações fixas das três pimentas, também em diferentes estádios de maturação e em diferentes épocas do ano. Nas análises foram empregados os ensaios de compostos fenólicos totais (CFT) por Folin-Ciocalteau, e atividade antioxidante pelos métodos de redução do ferro (FRAP- ¿Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power¿) e de seqüestro do radical livre DPPH. (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil). Os maiores valores de CFT foram observados para as amostras imaturas do primeiro ano sendo que os valores médios de fenólicos totais aumentaram com o amadurecimento de todas as pimentas investigadas. Verificou-se também a existência de correlações positivas entre os resultados de CFT e os métodos de ação antioxidantes, sendo que, esta correlação foi maior para o método de FRAP do que para o de DPPH, provavelmente em função das particularidades de estereoquímica destes ensaios antioxidantes
Abstract: In the last years, in Brazil, the exportations of chili peppers has increased significantly, therefore, this agricultural product became the second largest vegetable exported by the country. It is believed, that growth in exports of chili peppers is related to the greed of the market for this spice that is widely used in food formulations in many different countries. Moreover, the food industry employs the chili peppers as coloring and flavoring agent in sauces, soups, processed meats, snacks, sweets and beverages. Given this widespread use can be considered the characters provided by the sensory chili peppers as an important factor in the sensory quality of food. The aim of this study was to evaluate the volatile and fixed fractions of three varieties of Brazilian chili peppers: ¿malagueta¿ (Capsicum frutescens), ¿dedo-de-moça¿ (Capsicum baccatum var. Pendulum) and ¿murupi¿ (Capsicum chinense) in two stages of maturation (technological and commercial). For the volatile fraction was used headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). For the extraction phase, five fibers were tested: carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS-75µm), polydimethiylsiloxane (PDMS-100µm) divinylbenzene/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/PDMS-65µm), carbowax/divinylbenzene (CW/DVB-70µm), and divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS-50/30µm) that showed be the more efficient fiber in trapping the volatiles compounds. The optimization of the extraction conditions was carried out using multivariate strategies such as factorial design and response surface methodology. Using the optimal extraction by HS-SPME and gas chromatography (GC) detector coupled with flame ionization (FID) and mass spectrometry (MS), a total of 83 compounds were identified in malagueta, mostly esters and alcohols, while in dedo-de-moça 50 compounds were identified, mostly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and in murupi 79 compounds were identified, mostly esters and sesquiterpenes. Moreover, a decrease of peak areas with the maturation process of compounds was observed in the three samples, especially in samples of dedo-de-moça, in which most of the compounds disappeared during ripening. In the present work, methods for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) coupled to FID detectors and mass spectrometry time of flight (TOF/MS) were developed and optimized for the analysis of volatile fractions of chili peppers. Through these multidimensional techniques a total of 220 volatile compounds were identified, these compounds, 24 showed potential to discriminate the samples and were used in principal component analysis (PCA). The results of PCA show variability among samples and also according to their maturation stages. Samples of malagueta were discriminated mainly by compounds belonging to the group of branched esters, the murupi, by sesquiterpenes and the dedo-de-moça by the presence of aldehydes and methoxypyrazine. Also, in this study the antioxidant potential of fixed fractions of three peppers was evaluated, also in different stages of maturation and in different seasons. For analysis, the tests of total phenolic compounds (CFT) by Folin-Ciocalteau and antioxidant activity by the methods of reduction of iron (FRAP, "Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential¿) and DPPH radical scavenging assay. (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) were used. The highest values of CFT were observed for the immature samples of the first year and the medium values of total fenólicos increased with the ripening of all of the investigated peppers. The existence of positive correlations between the results of CFT and the antioxidant action methods was also verified, and, this correlation went larger for the method of FRAP than for the one of DPPH, probably in function of the particularities of stereochemistryof these antioxidant assays
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Ringmann, Björn, and Peter Hildeblom. "Minnet sviker Aldrig : Att utnyttja volatil data i Krypterade system." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-26424.

Full text

Abstract:

When the use of encryption amongst the regular computer user grows morewidespread than ever it makes the life of the IT-forensics experts difficult.Hampering the judicial investigations that otherwise could have lead to convictions. In this report we will treat the subject of crypto analysis with a focus on decrypting files and devices encrypted with the software TrueCrypt. A solution will be presented that can facilitate the future work involving encryption. The application DFEAT that has been developed during the writings of this report is faster than the corresponding software EFDD, and attacks both partitions and bitwise copies of entire harddrives where PKF fails.DFEAT is a lightweight application that is almost 50 times smaller compared to EFDD and 200 times smaller than PKF's portable version.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Lallement, Christophe. "Intoxication accidentelle par hydrocarbures volatils chez l'enfant : pronostic fonctionnel respiratoire a distance." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN11197.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Held, Julia. "Récupération d'un arôme naturel volatil, l'éthyle valérate, par absorption dans l'éthanol." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Held, Julia. "Récupération d'un arôme naturel volatil, l'éthyle valérate, par absorption dans l'éthanol." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1996. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1016.

Full text

Abstract:

La préférence des consommateurs pour des produits alimentaires naturels a mené à une croissance de la demande pour des arômes naturels.La biotechnologie est considérée comme une nouvelle alternative pour répondre à ces besoins. Cette approche est l'objet du projet de maîtrise présenté. Le travail a porté sur la récupération d'un ester volatil modèle, l'ethyle valerate, produit par bioconversion avec de la biomasse de Pseudomonas fragi. Le système de récupération étudié est l'absorption dans de l'éthanol. L'efficacité du système a été évaluée d'abord théoriquement, et par la suite expérimentalement pour une bioconversion simulée. L'alimentation d'ester dans l'air à l'entrée de la colonne provenait du bullage d'air dans un réservoir contenant de l'ethyle valerate pur. Les paramètres d'opération suivants ont été étudiés : le garnissage (selles de Berl en céramique, billes de verre), le volume d'éthanol (50 et 100 ml), le débit d'éthanol (0.5, 2.5 et 5 ml/min) et la durée de l'absorption (0.6-15 heures). Un volume d'éthanol de 50 et de 100 ml avec des billes de verre comme garnissage, et un débit d'éthanol de 0.5 ml/min a permis de récupérer la totalité de l'ester contenu dans l'air. Les faibles débits permettent de concentrer l'ester dans l'éthanol, mais la durée pour atteindre l'état de régime permanent du système est plus longue. Un essai pour évaluer l'application de ce système d'absorption pour une bioconversion réelle a été non-concluant. Ces essais ont révélé plusieurs problèmes tant au niveau de la méthode d'analyse (effet de la présence de l'eau et des cellules) que de la stabilité de la synthèse de l'ethyle valerate au cours de la bioconversion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Held, Julia. "Récupération d'un arôme naturel volatil, l'éthyle valérate, par absorption dans de l'éthanol." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ26578.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Steninger, Philip. "Bitcoin – en volatil hedge? : En kvantitativ studie av Bitcoins hedgingegenskaper gentemot OMXS30." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-67677.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Edholm, Zacharias. "Bitcoin – en volatil hedge? : En kvantitativ studie av Bitcoins hedgingegenskaper gentemot OMXS30." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-67678.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Books on the topic "Volatil"

Artus, Patrick. Les effets d'un prix du pétrole élevé et volatil: Rapport. Paris: Documentation Française, 2010.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Hahn, Kimiko. Volatile. Brooklyn, N.Y: Hanging Loose Press, 1998.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Ives, Richard. Volatile issues. [S.l.]: Tacade, 1998.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

F, Bennett Andrew, and Field Barry, eds. Volatile organic compounds. London: HMSO, 1995.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Bickman, Martin. Walden: Volatile truths. New York: Twayne, 1992.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Flemen, Kevin. Volatile substance use. London: Hungerford Drug Project., 1995.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Volatile organic compounds. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Schendel, Mira. A forma volátil. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Centro de Arte Hélio Oiticica, 1997.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Lacaze, Pierre Camille, and Jean-Christophe Lacroix. Non-Volatile Memories. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118789988.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Linskens, Hans Ferdinand, and John F. Jackson, eds. Plant Volatile Analysis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03331-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Volatil"

Cleaves, Henderson James. "Volatile." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1753. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_1669.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Cleaves, Henderson James. "Volatile." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_1669-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Gooch, Jan W. "Volatile." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 801. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12636.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Cleaves, Henderson James. "Volatile." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 2616. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_1669.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Lacaze, Pierre Camille, and Jean-Christophe Lacroix. "General Issues Related to Data Storage and Analysis Classification of Memories and Related Perspectives." In Non-Volatile Memories, 1–12. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118789988.ch1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Lacaze, Pierre Camille, and Jean-Christophe Lacroix. "State of the Art of DRAM, SRAM, Flash, HDD and MRAM Electronic Memories." In Non-Volatile Memories, 13–57. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118789988.ch2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Lacaze, Pierre Camille, and Jean-Christophe Lacroix. "Evolution of SSD Toward FeRAM, FeFET, CTM and STT-RAM Memories." In Non-Volatile Memories, 59–91. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118789988.ch3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Lacaze, Pierre Camille, and Jean-Christophe Lacroix. "Volatile and Non-Volatile Memories Based on NEMS." In Non-Volatile Memories, 93–122. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118789988.ch4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Lacaze, Pierre Camille, and Jean-Christophe Lacroix. "Non-Volatile Phase-Change Electronic Memories (PCRAM)." In Non-Volatile Memories, 123–63. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118789988.ch5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Lacaze, Pierre Camille, and Jean-Christophe Lacroix. "Resistive Memory Systems (RRAM)." In Non-Volatile Memories, 165–99. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118789988.ch6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Volatil"

Narain, Narendra, Anderson Santos Fontes, Maria Terezinha Santos Leite-Neta, Patricia Nogueira Matos, Hannah Caroline Santos Araújo, Monica Silva Jesus, and G. Rajkumar. "Aroma retention during drying of caja-umbu fruit pulp." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7811.

Full text

Abstract:

This study was aimed to obtain and characterize the dried powder of cajá-umbu (Spondias spp) fruit pulp obtained by spray-drying and lyophilization. Spray-drying of the pulp was done at different temperatures. Analysis of bioactive compounds and volatile compounds was performed. The total phenolic compounds content was high in the dried powder obtained at the temperature of 140 °C. The volatiles analysis of dried powders revealed that the powder dried at 140°C contained a larger number of compounds. The cajá-umbu powder showed that it is a better alternative for storage and conservation since it retained the majority of volatile compounds. Keywords: Cajá-umbu, volatile compounds, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Hasan, Mahmudul, and Yousef Haseli. "Modeling Woody Biomass Torrefaction Process." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87974.

Full text

Abstract:

Torrefaction is a thermal pretreatment process which usually takes place at temperatures between 200–300°C. Torrefied biomass has been proven in numerous studies to have superior combustion properties compared to raw biomass. The objective of this study is to develop a model to estimate solid energy yield, elemental compositions and enthalpy of solid and volatile yield. Formation enthalpy of raw and torrefied biomass is calculated using the correlations developed for elemental compositions and HHV of torrefied biomass. Solid yield is determined by anhydrous weight loss model for torrefied wood. Specific heat correlations for raw biomass and char are used to calculate the sensible heat required for torrefaction process. Sensible heat and formation enthalpy give the total enthalpy for raw and torrefied biomass. During torrefaction, a mixture of volatile compositions is released. Experimental mass fractions of the volatiles components are taken from published literature, which allowed us to determine the enthalpy of formation and specific heat of the volatiles. Finally, the model results associated with the torrefaction process are compared with experimental data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Gibson, Everett K., and Roberta Bustin. "Volatiles in interplanetary dust particles: A comparison with volatile-rich meteorites." In Analysis of interplanetary dust: NASA/LPI workshop. AIP, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.46533.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Miccio, Francesco, Fabrizio Scala, and Riccardo Chirone. "FB Combustion of a Biomass Fuel: Comparison Between Pilot Scale Experiments and Model Simulations." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-033.

Full text

Abstract:

In the present work the efficiency of the fluidized bed combustion of high-volatile fuels and the extent of volatile matter post-combustion in the splashing zone and freeboard are investigated. A typical Mediterranean biomass (pine-seed shells) has been burned in a pilot-scale bubbling FB combustor (200kWt) at different operating conditions. Both over- and under-bed fuel feeding options have been considered. A FBC model specifically developed for high-volatiles fuels has been also applied to provide a comparison with bed carbon loading, in-bed heat release and splashing region temperature experimental data. Experimental results showed that the biomass combustion efficiency is always very high as a consequence of the high reactivity of the fuel. Extensive volatiles post-combustion above the bed is observed, whose extent appears to be sensitive to the over/under bed feeding option and to the excess air. Approximately 80% of the total heat is released/recirculated in the bed, the remainder leading to appreciable overheating of the freeboard with respect to the nominal bed temperature. Very low bed carbon loadings have been found. Model results compare well with the experimental temperature, heat release and carbon loading trends. However, detailed prediction of the freeboard temperature profiles requires further improvements of the model.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Zhang, Juwei, Takamasa Ito, and Toshiyuki Suda. "Investigation of Sub-Models in CFD Simulation of a Large-Scale Pulverized Coal Fired Boiler." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3789.

Full text

Abstract:

Simplified sub-models for coal combustion are widely used in CFD simulation of pulverized coal fired boiler. A large-scale boiler was simulated to investigate the effects of some advanced sub-models. Through calculating several cases using different sub-models, it is known that the predicted ignitability of burners is closely related with the generation of H2. In the case without taking into account H2, the burners show poor ignitability. Using a multi-step mechanism for gas combustion, including char gasification and detailed compositions of volatile largely improve the ignitability of burners. The good ignitability also leads to more heat absorption in boiler and less CO in furnace. CO can be also increased because of the char gasification and detailed compositions of volatiles. Therefore, it is necessary to using multi-step mechanisms for gas combustion, char gasification, and detailed compositions of volatiles to obtain more accurate simulation results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Narain, Narendra, P. M. Nogueira, M. T. Leite Neta, H. C. S. Araújo, M. S. Jesus, and S. Shanmugam. "Effect of spray drying on volatile compounds of acerola pulp." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7808.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this work was to optimize the drying conditions in order to obtain acerola powder and to focus on the product aroma quality. Acerola fruits were selected, washed and sanitized before extracting the pulp. An emulsion was obtained by adding maltodextrin in the pulp. The dehydrated powders were obtained in spray dryer by drying at inlet temperatures of 128 and 152 ºC. Twenty five volatile compounds were identified in fresh acerola pulp and in the dehydrated powder. These results prove that use of maltodextrin in spray drying of acerola pulp helps in retention of key aroma compounds in acerola powder. Keywords: Acerola, Spray drying, dehydration, volatiles, aroma, GC-MS.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Salvi, Ashwin, John Hoard, Mitchell Bieniek, Mehdi Abarham, Dan Styles, and Dionissios Assanis. "Effect of Volatiles on Soot Based Deposit Layers." In ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2013-19162.

Full text

Abstract:

The implementation of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) coolers has recently been a widespread methodology for engine in-cylinder NOX reduction. A common problem with the use of EGR coolers is the tendency for a deposit, or fouling layer to form through thermophoresis. These deposit layers consist of soot and volatiles and reduce the effectiveness of heat exchangers at decreasing exhaust gas outlet temperatures, subsequently increasing engine out NOX emission. This paper presents results from a novel visualization rig that allows for the development of a deposit layer while providing optical and infrared access. A 24-hour, 379 micron thick deposit layer was developed and characterized with an optical microscope, an infrared camera, and a thermogravimetric analyzer. The in-situ thermal conductivity of the deposit layer was calculated to be 0.047 W/mK. Volatiles from the layer were then evaporated off and the layer reanalyzed. Results suggest that volatile bake-out can significantly alter the thermo-physical properties of the deposit layer and hypotheses are presented as to how.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dingler, Aaron, Vjiay Karthik Sankar, Steve Kurtz, Michael Niemier, Xiaobo Sharon Hu, Gyorgy Csaba, Joseph Nahas, Wolfgang Porod, Gary Bernstein, and Peng Li. "Making non-volatile nanomagnet logic non-volatile." In the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2228360.2228445.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Bhadra, Tanmoy, and Kalyan Annamalai. "Ignition and Combustion of Isolated Coal Water Slurry Droplet." In ASME 1997 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-aa-079.

Full text

Abstract:

A digital image processing technique is used to investigate the ignition and combustion characteristics of an isolated coal water slurry droplet in low Re flow. Coal water slurry droplet study is useful for dilute coal suspensions based on the premise that ignitability of a spray of coal water slurry must depend on the ignition characteristic of an isolated coal water slurry droplet. A flat flame burner is used for optical accessibility and also for simulating vitiated gases as existing in boiler burners. A quartz wire of 0.175 mm dia is chosen for low thermal conductivity to hold the droplet above the flat flame burner. The following sequence of events are observed: (i) Ignition occurs at the leading edge of the droplet, (ii) For coal water slurry droplet of the order less than 1 mm ejection of volatiles as jets in the direction of convective flow followed by coalescence, (iii) For a droplet with diameter of the order greater than 1 mm it was observed that the volatile combustion occurs away from the droplet in the wake of the combustible gases made upstream, (iv) Combustion of coal water slurry droplet is intermittent. Ignition time and volatile combustion times were obtained for a typical coal water slurry droplet. Calculations were carried out to determine the number of particles, interparticle spacing and density of coal water slurry droplet.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Rees, A. C., J. F. Davidson, J. S. Dennis, and A. N. Hayhurst. "The Rise and Combustion of Particles of Sewage Sludge and Petroleum Coke in a Slugging Fluidized Bed." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78071.

Full text

Abstract:

The rise-times, from just above the base to the top of the bed, of single particles of dried sewage sludge and of two types of petroleum coke were measured in a slugging bed of sand fluidized by air. The sewage sludge and the petroleum cokes contained, on an as received basis, 49.5, 9.0 and 0.5 wt.% volatile matter, respectively. The bed (i.d. 25.5 mm; height 1300 mm) was electrically heated to a fixed temperature between 700 and 900°C. Two sizes of sand were fluidized: +212, −300 μm and +710, −850 μm. The expansion of the bed was held constant by keeping the excess gas velocity at (U − Umf) = 190 mm/s. In a bed of the coarser sand, it was found that the time of rise of single particles of sewage sludge (< 4 mm diam.) was large enough to allow devolatilization and char burn-out to be complete before the particle reached the upper surface of the bed. The measured times of rise are significantly longer than those found in bubbling beds [12, 13]. Thus, a slugging bed, of say 2 m in depth, would have significantly better heat retention and contact of the volatile material with the particulate phase than a bubbling bed of the same depth. With the finer sand, particles of sewage sludge and of petroleum coke containing volatile material rose rapidly to the top of the bed, well before combustion was complete. Published theory [6] was used to predict the rise-times of inert particles in a hot slugging bed. The predictions compare favourably with measurements using petroleum coke containing negligible amounts of volatile material and moisture. The use of a modified form of Stokes’s law to predict the velocity of rise of inert particles is shown to compare well with experiments. The experimental results suggest that once a minimum rate of gas evolution (from volatiles or moisture) is achieved a bubble forms which is large enough to lift a fuel particle to the surface. For particles meeting this criterion, the rise-time appears to be independent of the size of the fuel particle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Volatil"

Riviere, J. E., J. D. Brooks, G. L. Qiao, and N. A. Monteiro-Riviere. Percutaneous Absorption of Volatile Chemicals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada332910.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Au, Tsz-Chiu, Ugur Kuter, and Dana Nau. Web Service Composition With Volatile Information. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada448037.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. How volatile are African food prices. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896298170.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Davison, Brian H., and John W. Barton. Biofiltration of Volatile Pollutants: Solubility Effects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834467.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Davison, Brian H., and John W. Barton. Biofiltration of Volatile Pollutants: Solubility Effects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834468.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Vogel, R. E. Sitewide railroad ties volatile organic package. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10187040.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Laguna, G. R., F. J. Peter, A. D. Stuart, and V. M. Loyola. Volatile organic monitor for industrial effluents. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10177056.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Gu, B., and R. L. Siegrist. Alkaline dechlorination of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/419269.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Smith, R. A. Volatile Components from Packing Matrials, Rev. 2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/974247.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Campbell, Kristy A. Reconfigurable Electronics and Non-Volatile Memory Research. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1000558.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

Contents

Academic literature on the topic 'Volatil'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic "Volatil"

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Volatil"

Books on the topic "Volatil"

Book chapters on the topic "Volatil"

Conference papers on the topic "Volatil"

Reports on the topic "Volatil"