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Journal articles on the topic 'Volatile liquid fuel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Sapkal, Narayan P. "Experimental Investigations on the Ignition Delay Time of Freely Falling Liquid Fuel Droplets." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 3 (2021): 987–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390336.

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The ignition delays of freely falling liquid fuel droplets in a high-temperature environment were determined experimentally as a function of the surrounding parameters and droplet composition. Two different groups of fuels have been categorized based on the viscosity and volatility of each fuel. In the first group, for diesel and kerosene, the ignition delay time decreases with increasing system temperature due to low viscosity and thereby high volatile nature of fuels. Whereas, in the second group, C-heavy oil and blended renewable fuel shows an increase in the ignition delay time with increa

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2

Ishida, Hiroki. "Flame spread over ground soaked with highly volatile liquid fuel." Fire Safety Journal 13, no. 2-3 (1988): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-7112(88)90007-0.

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3

EPSTEIN, MICHAEL, and HANS K. FAUSKE. "MASS OF FLAMMABLE MATERIAL PRODUCED BY CONTINUOUS FUEL-GAS AND VOLATILE LIQUID-FUEL RELEASES." Combustion Science and Technology 171, no. 1 (2001): 89–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102200108907860.

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4

Fedorovich, V., S. D. Varfolomeev, A. Sizov, and I. Goryanin. "Multi-electrode microbial fuel cell with horizontal liquid flow." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 2 (2009): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.139.

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A plug flow multi-electrode bioelectrochemical reactor for wastewater treatment and simultaneous generation of electricity has been developed and its efficiency investigated. It employs a horizontally located anodic zone in which the anodic electrodes comprise porous graphite plates coated with palladium. The aerated immersed cathodic electrodes contain iron(II) phthalocyanine as a catalyst. The parameters of the device were obtained using glycerol and acetate as fuels and anaerobic sludge as an inoculum. The maximal volumetric power and current densities obtained, relative to the total volume

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5

Bok, Agnieszka, Joanna Guziałowska-Tic, and Wilhelm Jan Tic. "Effects of Catalysts on Emissions of Pollutants from Combustion Processes of Liquid Fuels." Civil And Environmental Engineering Reports 13, no. 2 (2014): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2014-0011.

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Abstract The dynamic growth of the use of non-renewable fuels for energy purposes results in demand for catalysts to improve their combustion process. The paper describes catalysts used mainly in the processes of combustion of motor fuels and fuel oils. These catalysts make it possible to raise the efficiency of oxidation processes simultanously reducing the emission of pollutants. The key to success is the selection of catalyst compounds that will reduce harmful emissions of combustion products into the atmosphere. Catalysts are introduced into the combustion zone in form of solutions miscibl

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6

Liu, Ya Jun, Shu Yan Zhan, Jia Kun Ye, and Wen Hua Xie. "New Designs in Fuel Dispensing System to Control Maximum Flow of Volatile Liquid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 868 (July 2017): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.868.75.

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The dispenser is a fuel pumping and measurement device used in the service station. During the refueling process of volatile liquid, the cavitation phenomenon occur easily due to the large flow rate. The serious cavitation will not only reduce the pumping efficiency, produce loud work noise, but also aggravate the pollution of oil and gas and the energy consumption of the system. Therefore, it is necessary to control the maximum flow rate of the pump. Based on this problem, this paper firstly designs a new flow control valve, and a method of mathematical modeling is proposed to analyze the flo

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7

Lai, Yong Bin, Xiu Chen, Wu Jie Ge, and Cui Ying Lu. "Study on Thermal Volatilization of Soybean Biodiesel and Its Blends." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.212.

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Thermal analysis has been employed to yield information on the volatility of the biodiesel/petrodiesel since the volatility influences the ignition quality of the fuels in a compression ignition engine. The chemical composition of -10 petrodiesel (-10PD) and soybean biodiesel (SME) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The thermal volatilization of biodiesel and its blends was investigated by thermogravimetry and liquid volatile theory. Volatile index was put forward for describing biodiesel/petrodisel volatility. A good correlation model was proposed for calculate the biodiese

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8

Seidova, Sabina A. "EXTRACTION METHODS OF CLEANING OF MOTOR FUEL." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 10 (2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.5941.

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In paper the results of the carried out analysis of literary data on preparation of motor fuels of high quality by extraction method of purification of the corresponding oil distillates with use of compounds of various class as a selective solvent have been presented. In particular, the results of comparative analysis of existing methods of the extraction purification of distillates of motor fuels from unnecessary components – aromatic hydrocarbons, sulphur-containing compounds and resinous substances with use of organic solvents and ion-liquid compositions as a selective solvent have been pre

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9

Lazdovica, Kristine, and Valdis Kampars. "Catalytic Intermediate Pyrolysis of Cellulose for Hydrocarbons Production in the Presence of Zeolites by Using TGA-FTIR Method." Key Engineering Materials 850 (June 2020): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.850.127.

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Pyrolysis plays a vital role in biomass conversion as one of the most promising thermal conversion routes. Solid, liquid and gaseous products are obtained from biomass pyrolysis. The liquid is considered as perspective fuel; however, the direct use of bio-oil as fuel may present many difficulties due to its high viscosity, poor heating value and relative instability. This creates a significant economic barrier for production of transportation fuel by pyrolysis process. Catalytic pyrolysis has been widely used as a convenient method for the direct conversion of biomass into higher quality liqui

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10

Ishida, Hiroki, and Yusuke Kenmotsu. "Flame Spread in Opposed Flow along the Ground Soaked with High-volatile Liquid Fuel." Journal of Fire Sciences 27, no. 3 (2009): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904108099333.

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11

Moliere, M. "Expanding fuel flexibility of gas turbines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 219, no. 2 (2005): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095765005x6818.

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Gas turbines are continuous-flow engines that develop steady aerodynamics and flame kinetics. These features reduce the constraints placed on fuel properties for combustion and provide a considerable margin for clean combustion. In particular, heavy-duty gas turbines can operate on a large number of primary fuels that are available in many branches of the industry. These accessible fuels include natural gas (NG) and diesel fuel (DF), as well as a number of industry byproducts generated by the refining and petrochemical sectors, coal and oil and gas activities, steel and mining branches, and by

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12

Zhang, Zhi Li, Pei Song Duan, Dan Shi, and De Cai Li. "Preparation and Characterization of Diesel Fuel-Based Magnetic Fluids." Advanced Materials Research 873 (December 2013): 819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.873.819.

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Among different types of magnetic fluids, diesel fuel-based magnetic fluids have a high application value because of low viscosity, low volatile and cheap carrier liquid. In this paper, Fe3O4 nanomagnetic particles were prepared, optional technological conditions were determined. It was that concentration of the reactors was 0.6mol/L, reaction temperature was 70°C and reaction time was 1h. Then it was found that the appropriate coating time for surfactant was 4 hours. The particles prepared under this process had the high saturation magnetization and preferable dispersibility. Finally by ultra

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13

Epstein, Michael, and Hans K. Fauske. "Total flammable mass and volume within a vapor cloud produced by a continuous fuel-gas or volatile liquid-fuel release." Journal of Hazardous Materials 147, no. 3 (2007): 1037–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.138.

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14

ΚΑΠΙΝΑ, Β., Α. ΓΕΩΡΓΑΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, Α. ΚΑΣΩΛΗ-ΦΟΥΡΝΑΡΑΚΗ, and Α. ΦΙΛΙΠΠΙΔΗΣ. "Study of behaviour of southern field lignite, Ptolemais lignite basin, during pyrolysis." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 3 (2001): 1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17184.

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In the present study the behavior of a lignite sample from Southern field, Ptolemais-Amynteon Lignite Center, is investigated during pyrolysis. Pyrolysis is a thermal depolymerization (cracking) of macromolecules in the absence of oxygen. The pyrolysis experiment was conducted three times and the pyrolysis temperatures were fixed at 600?C, 7007C and 800ΐ. A solid, black residue (carbonizate), no condensable gases and a liquid phase were produced. Course and product yields during pyrolysis are mainly influenced by such parameters as rank of the coal, final temperature, residence time, rate of h

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15

Ali, Asmaa Ali Mohammed, Mustafa Abbas Mustafa, and Kamal Eldin Eltayeb Yassin. "Production of Bio-oil through Fast Pyrolysis of Baobab Waste Shells." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 7 (2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.7.820.

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The increasing demand for transportation fuel, due to increased urbanization, is now compounded by depleting and unstable crude oil reserves. Furthermore, the volatile market and the negative environmental impact of fossil fuels have driven the usage of biomass as a potential energy source. Of particular interest are biomass waste and baobab shells present an interesting option. The objective of this study is to produce bio oil by a fast pyrolysis process from baobab shells. The effect of reaction temperature, biomass particle size and fluidizing gas flow rate on the liquid product yield are i

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16

Wang, Xuehui, Tiannian Zhou, Qinpei Chen, Junjiang He, Zheng Zhang, and Jian Wang. "Experimental study on combustion characteristics of blended fuel pool fires." Journal of Fire Sciences 37, no. 3 (2019): 236–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904119839917.

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Liquid–vapor phase equilibrium theories are used to analyze boiling processes of blended fuel pool fires, and the results show that there are two boiling mechanisms (azeotropism and non-azeotropism) for blended fuels compared with single-component fuels. A series of pool fire experiments were conducted to investigate the combustion characteristics of blended fuel pool fires. The experimental results showed that the two boiling mechanisms have different effects on the burning process of the fuel blends. The boiling temperature and composition varied for the non-azeotropic blends during the burn

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17

Liu, Nan, Chunhua Bai, Ning Yao, and Jian Yao. "Experimental investigation of the lower flammability limit of volatile liquid fuel-aluminum powder mixtures in air." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 66 (July 2020): 104160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104160.

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18

Taylor, Robert Ian. "Fuel-Lubricant Interactions: Critical Review of Recent Work." Lubricants 9, no. 9 (2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants9090092.

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A critical review of recent work on fuel lubricant interactions is undertaken. The work focusses on liquid fuels used in diesel and gasoline vehicles. The amount of fuel that contaminates the lubricant depends on driving conditions, engine design, fuel type, and lubricant type. When fuel contaminates a lubricant, the viscosity of the lubricant will change (it will usually decrease), the sump oil level may increase, there may be a tendency for more sludge formation, there may be an impact on friction and wear, and low speed pre-ignition could occur. The increased use of biofuels (particularly b

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19

Abdulmajid, M. N., N. P. Herodotos, and E. A. Gordon. "Experimental Aircraft Fuel Tank Vapour/Air Explosions Using Jet A and Jet A / Gasoline Blend Fuels." African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment 2, no. 2 (2021): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/ajhse.v2i2.141.

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The potential of a fuel tank explosion is a well-known hazard in the aircraft industry. In this study, an investigation of a lab scale aircraft fuel tank in a flight situation at varying initial pressures of 400 - 1,000 mbar (equivalent to altitudes of 0 - 22,300 ft) and at variable temperatures was conducted in a 100-litre cylindrical test rig. A standard Jet A fuel and with a type Jet B fuel (which in this case was a Jet A with 10% of gasoline by mass) were used. Their flashpoints were measured to be 45oC (Jet A) and 20 oC (Jet B). In the simulated fuel tank explosions ignition occurred when

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20

Chauhan, Dr Y. P., and Dr S. L. Bhagat. "Polyfuel - A Catalytic Thermal Cracking of Waste LDPE to Produce Liquid Fuel." Academic Journal of Chemistry, no. 312 (December 15, 2018): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajc.312.109-117.

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This work is the diminutive attempt towards the plastic waste recycling conducted at Department of Plastic Engineering, Government Polytechnic, Miraj. The term ‘Polyfuel’ means the liquid fuel produced from waste plastics. We have performed the experiment for conversion of waste LDPE into liquid fuel. As LDPE is the long chain hydrocarbon polymer, it has to be broken into small chains hydrocarbons which have been done by catalytic cracking of the LDPE. Coal fly ash is used as a catalyst for thermal cracking of the LDPE. The 54 % yield of process was observed during experimentation. We modified

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21

Song, Mijung, Adrian M. Maclean, Yuanzhou Huang, et al. "Liquid–liquid phase separation and viscosity within secondary organic aerosol generated from diesel fuel vapors." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 19 (2019): 12515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12515-2019.

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Abstract. Information on liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) and viscosity (or diffusion) within secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is needed to improve predictions of particle size, mass, reactivity, and cloud nucleating properties in the atmosphere. Here we report on LLPS and viscosities within SOA generated by the photooxidation of diesel fuel vapors. Diesel fuel contains a wide range of volatile organic compounds, and SOA generated by the photooxidation of diesel fuel vapors may be a good proxy for SOA from anthropogenic emissions. In our experiments, LLPS occurred over the relative humidit

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22

Ishida, Hiroki. "Propagation of Precursor Flame Tip in Surrounding Airflow along the Ground Soaked with High-volatile Liquid Fuel." Journal of Fire Sciences 23, no. 3 (2005): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904105047217.

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23

Kurata, Shoji, Takeshi Iyozumi, and Naoyuki Aizawa. "Comparison of Oil Sorbent/Vial Kit for Sampling and Preservation of Liquid Volatile Petroleum." Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute 53, no. 6 (2010): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1627/jpi.53.359.

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24

ABANADES. "Metal Oxides Applied to Thermochemical Water-Splitting for Hydrogen Production Using Concentrated Solar Energy." ChemEngineering 3, no. 3 (2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering3030063.

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Solar thermochemical processes have the potential to efficiently convert high-temperature solar heat into storable and transportable chemical fuels such as hydrogen. In such processes, the thermal energy required for the endothermic reaction is supplied by concentrated solar energy and the hydrogen production routes differ as a function of the feedstock resource. While hydrogen production should still rely on carbonaceous feedstocks in a transition period, thermochemical water-splitting using metal oxide redox reactions is considered to date as one of the most attractive methods in the long-te

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25

Shahin, Ahmed M., Ayat O. Ghallab, and Ahmed Soliman. "Increasing LPG production by adding volatile hydrocarbons to reduce import gap in Egypt." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 10, no. 8 (2020): 3733–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-01004-1.

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Abstract Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) becomes popular in the twentieth century as source of energy, since it is economically feasible to be produced, transported, sold and stored as a liquid fuel. LPG in Egypt is considered one of the most important domestic fuels. Egypt imports half of its LPG fuel demand. Many researches have been developed to increase the production of LPG in Egypt by increasing the productivity of the refineries. The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of adding other relatively volatile hydrocarbons as ethane, n-pentane and pentanes’ isomers (iso-pe

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26

Sheet, Eiman Ali Eh. "New Anti-knock Additives to Improve Gasoline Octane Number." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 2, no. 2 (2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v2i2.30.

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Gasoline is a volatile mixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum, which is used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. Gasoline is a blend of hydrocarbons with some contaminants, including sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and certain metals.The octane number of gasoline increases continuously and linearly with antiknock additives percentages in gasoline. Hence, P (180-E.BP) is a fractionation cut of power former effective compound for increasing the value of the octane number of gasoline when added to unleaded gasoline in percentage of 5, 10, and 15

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27

Shinya, Fumitaka, Hirokazu Tsuboi, Atsushi Miyata, Masao Shimada, and Hiromasa Yamashita. "Practical use of new system for highly efficient recovery of energy from sewage and garbage." Water Practice and Technology 10, no. 3 (2015): 538–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2015.062.

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This study discusses efforts being made to realize energy self-sufficiency in a sewage treatment plant, and to achieve both energy conservation with low-load water treatment based on thorough, intensive solid–liquid separation and ‘energy production’ by using sludge treatment capable of converting recovered biomass into energy with maximum efficiency. Intensive solid–liquid separation resulted in higher suspended solids and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) removal rates than those achieved with conventional primary settling tanks. Using thermophilic digestion of raw sludge, recovered by intensiv

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28

Hassim, Mimi H., Norsyazwani Mohammad, Anwar Johari, et al. "Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at Selected Pump Stations in Skudai, Johor Bahru." Advanced Materials Research 1125 (October 2015): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.306.

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The determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at selected pump stations in Skudai, Johor Bahru was investigated. About 27 chemicals substances in petrol and 24 chemicals substances in diesel with different concentration have been identified in each pump station. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) and MTBE have been chosen as VOCs of interests because of their toxicity properties that can gives hazardous to human health. The exposures of benzene at all three pump stations during refuelling the liquid fuel have potential to cause cancer riskwhile, ethylbenzene stated as ac

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29

Jílková, Lenka, Karel Ciahotný, and Jaroslav Kusý. "PYROLYSIS OF BROWN COAL USING A CATALYST BASED ON W–Ni." Acta Polytechnica 55, no. 5 (2015): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2015.55.0319.

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Tars from pyrolysis of brown coal can be refined to obtain compounds suitable for fuel production. However, it is problematic to refine the liquids from brown coal pyrolysis, because high molecular compounds are produced, and the sample solidifies. Therefore we decided to investigate the possibility of treating the product in the gas phase during pyrolysis, using a catalyst. A two-step process was investigated: thermal-catalytic refining. In the first step, alumina was used as the filling material, and in the second step a catalyst based on W-Ni was used. These materials were placed in two sep

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30

Cui, Lijie, Wenli Song, Jiayuan Zhang, Jianzhong Yao, and Weigang Lin. "Influence of the Gas and Particle Residence Time on Fast Pyrolysis of Lignite." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 129, no. 2 (2006): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2719208.

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Coal resource is abundant in China, while the reserves of natural gas and petroleum are limited. Due to the rapid increase in the number of automobiles, a competitive way to produce liquid fuels from coal is urgently needed in China. A so-called “coal topping process” is under development at the Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, from which liquid products can be obtained by flash pyrolysis in an integrated circulating fluidized bed system. In order to achieve a high yield of liquid products from high volatile coal, controlling the residence time of coal particles a

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31

Mihajlovic, Marina, Ana Veljasevic, Jovan Jovanovic, and Mica Jovanovic. "Estimation of evaporative losses during storage of crude oil and petroleum products." Chemical Industry 67, no. 1 (2013): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120301050s.

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Storage of crude oil and petroleum products inevitably leads to evaporative losses. Those losses are important for the industrial plants mass balances, as well as for the environmental protection. In this paper, estimation of evaporative losses was performed using software program TANKS 409d which was developed by the Agency for Environmental Protection of the United States - US EPA. Emissions were estimated for the following types of storage tanks: fixed conical roof tank, fixed dome roof tank, external floating roof tank, internal floating roof tank and domed external floating roof tank. Obt

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32

Slavinskaya, N. A., U. Riedel, V. E. Messerle, and A. B. Ustimenko. "Chemical Kinetic Modeling in Coal Gasification Processes: an Overview." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 15, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj134.

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<p>Coal is the fuel most able to cover world deficiencies in oil and natural gas. This motivates the development of new and more effective technologies for coal conversion into other fuels. Such technologies are focused on coal gasification with production of syngas or gaseous hydrocarbon fuels, as well as on direct coal liquefaction with production of liquid fuels. The benefits of plasma application in these technologies is based on the high selectivity of the plasma chemical processes, the high efficiency of conversion of different types of coal including those of low quality, relative

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33

Meyler, Aidan. "The pass through of oil prices into euro area consumer liquid fuel prices in an environment of high and volatile oil prices." Energy Economics 31, no. 6 (2009): 867–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2009.07.002.

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34

Kneer, R., M. Schneider, B. Noll, and S. Wittig. "Effects of Variable Liquid Properties on Multicomponent Droplet Vaporization." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 115, no. 3 (1993): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906732.

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A multicomponent droplet vaporization model, the Diffusion-Limit Model, is modified to account for the variation of liquid properties due to large temperature gradients as well as considerable concentration gradients within the droplet. The effects on the vaporization behavior are analyzed for an isolated biocomponent droplet consisting of heptane and dodecane. The results are presented for both moderate and high gas temperatures excluding combustion. During the vaporization process the liquid phase properties vary considerably. For example, the Lewis number changes by approximately one order

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35

Y, Alex, and Roji George Roy. "Production, Quantitative Analysis of Fatty Acids, Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics of Biodiesel Fuel Derived from Virgin Coconut Oil." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 7 (2020): 1397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul853.

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Biodiesel has become more attractive recently, because of its environmental benefits and the fact that it is made from renewable resources. Over the past few decades, most of the countries depending on diesel engines for transportation. Some of its valuable advantages like highest thermal efficiency made it very popular. At the same time, the cost of diesel fuel is increasing, due to the depletion of fossil fuels. In this current scenario, we need an alternative fuel instead of diesel fuel. Many of the researchers have successfully placed several works on generating energy from different types

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36

Lyu, Sijia, Huanshu Tan, Yuki Wakata, et al. "On explosive boiling of a multicomponent Leidenfrost drop." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 2 (2021): e2016107118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016107118.

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The gasification of multicomponent fuel drops is relevant in various energy-related technologies. An interesting phenomenon associated with this process is the self-induced explosion of the drop, producing a multitude of smaller secondary droplets, which promotes overall fuel atomization and, consequently, improves the combustion efficiency and reduces emissions of liquid-fueled engines. Here, we study a unique explosive gasification process of a tricomponent droplet consisting of water, ethanol, and oil (“ouzo”), by high-speed monitoring of the entire gasification event taking place in the we

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Lyu, Sijia, Huanshu Tan, Yuki Wakata, et al. "On explosive boiling of a multicomponent Leidenfrost drop." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 2 (2021): e2016107118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016107118.

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The gasification of multicomponent fuel drops is relevant in various energy-related technologies. An interesting phenomenon associated with this process is the self-induced explosion of the drop, producing a multitude of smaller secondary droplets, which promotes overall fuel atomization and, consequently, improves the combustion efficiency and reduces emissions of liquid-fueled engines. Here, we study a unique explosive gasification process of a tricomponent droplet consisting of water, ethanol, and oil (“ouzo”), by high-speed monitoring of the entire gasification event taking place in the we

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38

Liu, Siming, and Joachim D. Pleil. "Optimized determination of trace jet fuel volatile organic compounds in human blood using in-field liquid–liquid extraction with subsequent laboratory gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis and on-column large-volume injection." Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 752, no. 1 (2001): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00537-5.

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39

Ni, Haiyan, Ru-Jin Huang, Junji Cao, et al. "Source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols in Xi'an, China: insights from a full year of measurements of radiocarbon and the stable isotope <sup>13</sup>C." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 22 (2018): 16363–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16363-2018.

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Abstract. Sources of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in Xi'an, China, are investigated based on 1-year radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope measurements. The radiocarbon results demonstrate that EC is dominated by fossil sources throughout the year, with a mean contribution of 83±5 % (7±2 µg m−3). The remaining 17±5 % (1.5±1 µg m−3) is attributed to biomass burning, with a higher contribution in the winter (∼24 %) compared to the summer (∼14 %). Stable carbon isotopes of EC (δ13CEC) are enriched in winter (-23.2±0.4 ‰) and depleted in summer (-25.9±0.5 ‰), indicating the influen

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40

Li, J., S. D. Xie, L. M. Zeng, L. Y. Li, Y. Q. Li, and R. R. Wu. "Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds and their sources in Beijing, before, during, and after Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation China 2014." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 8 (2015): 12453–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-12453-2015.

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Abstract. Ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured using an online system, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/flame ionization detector (GC-MS/FID), in Beijing, China, before, during and after Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) China 2014, when stringent air quality control measures were implemented. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to identify the major VOC contributing sources and their temporal variations. The secondary organic aerosols potential (SOAP) approach was used to estimate variations of precursor source contributions to SOA formation. The aver

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Li, J., S. D. Xie, L. M. Zeng, L. Y. Li, Y. Q. Li, and R. R. Wu. "Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds and their sources in Beijing, before, during, and after Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation China 2014." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 14 (2015): 7945–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7945-2015.

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Abstract. Ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured using an online system, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/flame ionization detector (GC-MS/FID), in Beijing, China, before, during, and after Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) China 2014, when stringent air quality control measures were implemented. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to identify the major VOC contributing sources and their temporal variations. The secondary organic aerosols potential (SOAP) approach was used to estimate variations of precursor source contributions to SOA formation. The ave

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Maxwell, Tyler, Richard Blair, Yuemin Wang, et al. "A Solvent-Free Approach for Converting Cellulose Waste into Volatile Organic Compounds with Endophytic Fungi." Journal of Fungi 4, no. 3 (2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof4030102.

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Simple sugars produced from a solvent-free mechanocatalytic degradation of cellulose were evaluated for suitability as a growth medium carbon source for fungi that produce volatile organic compounds. An endophytic Hypoxylon sp. (CI-4) known to produce volatiles having potential value as fuels was initially evaluated. The growth was obtained on a medium containing the degraded cellulose as the sole carbon source, and the volatile compounds produced were largely the same as those produced from a conventional dextrose/starch diet. A second Hypoxylon sp. (BS15) was also characterized and shown to

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Zhang, Jinzhi, Zhiqi Wang, Ruidong Zhao, and Jinhu Wu. "Gasification of Shenhua Bituminous Coal with CO2: Effect of Coal Particle Size on Kinetic Behavior and Ash Fusibility." Energies 13, no. 13 (2020): 3313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133313.

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Coal gasification is the process that produces valuable gaseous mixtures consisting primarily of H2 and CO, which can be used to produce liquid fuel and various kinds of chemicals. The literature shows that the effect of particle size on coal gasification and fusibility of coal ash is not clear. In this study, the gasification kinetics and ash fusibility of three coal samples with different particle size ranges were investigated. Thermogravimetric results of coal under a CO2 atmosphere showed that the whole weight loss process consisted of three stages: the loss of moisture, the release of vol

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Hata, Hiroo, Megumi Okada, Chikage Funakubo, and Junya Hoshi. "Tailpipe VOC Emissions from Late Model Gasoline Passenger Vehicles in the Japanese Market." Atmosphere 10, no. 10 (2019): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100621.

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High concentrations of tropospheric ozone remain a concern, and strategies to reduce the precursors of ozone, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides, have been established in many countries. In this study, chassis dynamometer experiments were conducted for 25 late model gasoline passenger vehicles in the Japanese market to evaluate VOC emission trends. Tailpipe emissions were collected and analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometer and flame ionization detector, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results showed that tailpipe VOC emissions increased lin

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Patel, Neel, Bishnu Acharya, and Prabir Basu. "Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Seaweed (Macroalgae) for Producing Hydrochar." Energies 14, no. 7 (2021): 1805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071805.

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Waste seaweed that is collected at coastal regions of maritime provinces in Canada is creating ecological problems as it promotes an anoxic event, which produces nearly zero dissolved oxygen in water along with hydrogen sulfide emission. The work done in this study attempts to address this issue by producing a coal-like solid hydrochar and nutritious liquid slurry (processed water) by employing a rather recent thermo-chemical process called hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) on the seaweed. The HTC was carried out in a batch reactor system for three different reaction temperatures, 180 °C, 200 °

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Mathys, Renata G., Oemer M. Kut, and Bernard Witholt. "Alkanol removal from the apolar phase of a two-liquid phase bioconversion system. Part 1: Comparison of a less volatile and a more volatile in-situ extraction solvent for the separation of 1-octanol by distillation." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 71, no. 4 (1998): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4660(199804)71:4<315::aid-jctb764>3.0.co;2-2.

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Twaij, Bassem Abd Al-Raheem, Dr Muthana Salam Mashkour, and Dr Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim. "Study and Determination of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor with Some Trace Elements in Fuel Filling Station Workers." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 10, no. 4 (2020): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v10i4.380.

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PollutiOn is the intrOduction Of contaminantsʹ intO the natural envirOnment that cause adverseʹ change. Gasoline is a toxic and highly flammable liquid consists of various types of aliphatic hydrocarbons, olefins, benzenes and aromatic hydrocarbons including toluene, xylene and a large number of volatile compounds in addition to tetraethyl lead. Gasoline consists of different types of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aryl compounds and some trace elements. Trace elements are several important roles in human bodies, some are essential for enzymes reactions where they attract and facilitate conversion of

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Hettiyadura, Anusha Priyadarshani Silva, Ibrahim M. Al-Naiema, Dagen D. Hughes, Ting Fang, and Elizabeth A. Stone. "Organosulfates in Atlanta, Georgia: anthropogenic influences on biogenic secondary organic aerosol formation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 5 (2019): 3191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3191-2019.

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Abstract. Organosulfates are secondary organic aerosol (SOA) products that form from reactions of volatile organic compounds (VOC), such as isoprene, in the presence of sulfate that is primarily emitted by fossil fuel combustion. This study examines the anthropogenic influence on biogenic organosulfate formation at an urban site in Atlanta, Georgia (GA) in the southeastern United States (US). Organosulfates were analyzed in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected during August 2015 in Atlanta using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and h

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Poulain, L., Y. Iinuma, K. Müller, et al. "Diurnal variations of residential particulate wood burning emissions and their contribution to the concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 4 (2011): 11579–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-11579-2011.

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Abstract. Residential wood burning is becoming an increasingly important cause of air quality problems since it has become a popular source of alternative energy to fossil fuel. In order to characterize the contribution of residential wood burning to local particle pollution a field campaign was organized at the village of Seiffen (Saxony, Germany). During this campaign, an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) was deployed in parallel to a PM1 high volume filter sampler. The AMS mass spectra were analyzed using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) to obtain detailed information about the organic aer

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Rusín, Jiří, Kateřina Kašáková, and Kateřina Chamrádová. "High-solids semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of corn silage in bag-type digester." Green Processing and Synthesis 7, no. 3 (2018): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2017-0017.

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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to discuss the usability of a newly designed partially stirred horizontal anaerobic bioreactor made from triple layer bag material Sioen B6070 and heated by circulating hot air. For verification of the possibility of processing typical agricultural fibrous substrate at relatively high solids content in this type of reactor, the semi-continuous mesophilic (40±3°C) anaerobic digestion of corn silage of KWS Atletico cultivar was conducted. The reactor with a total volume of 0.7 m3provided 0.5 m3working volume. Liquid slurry from the 1st stage of the agricultural b

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