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Journal articles on the topic 'Volcanic ash soil'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Fiantis, Dian, Frisa Ginting, Gusnidar, M. Nelson, and Budiman Minasny. "Volcanic Ash, Insecurity for the People but Securing Fertile Soil for the Future." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (May 31, 2019): 3072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113072.

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Volcanic eruptions affect land and humans globally. When a volcano erupts, tons of volcanic ash materials are ejected to the atmosphere and deposited on land. The hazard posed by volcanic ash is not limited to the area in proximity to the volcano, but can also affect a vast area. Ashes ejected from volcano’s affect people’s daily life and disrupts agricultural activities and damages crops. However, the positive outcome of this natural event is that it secures fertile soil for the future. This paper examines volcanic ash (tephra) from a soil security view-point, mainly its capability. This paper reviews the positive aspects of volcanic ash, which has a high capability to supply nutrients to plant, and can also sequester a large amount of carbon out of the atmosphere. We report some studies around the world, which evaluated soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation since volcanic eruptions. The mechanisms of SOC protection in volcanic ash soil include organo-metallic complexes, chemical protection, and physical protection. Two case studies of volcanic ash from Mt. Talang and Sinabung in Sumatra, Indonesia showed the rapid accumulation of SOC through lichens and vascular plants. Volcanic ash plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and ensures soil security in volcanic regions of the world in terms of boosting its capability. However, there is also a human dimension, which does not go well with volcanic ash. Volcanic ash can severely destroy agricultural areas and farmers’ livelihoods. Connectivity and codification needs to ensure farming in the area to take into account of risk and build appropriate adaptation and resilient strategy.
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2

Đorđević, Dragana, Sanja Sakan, Snežana Trifunović, Sandra Škrivanj, and David Finger. "Element Content in Volcano Ash, Soil and River Sediments of the Watershed in the Volcanic Area of South Iceland and Assessment of Their Mobility Potential." Water 13, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 1928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13141928.

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In this work, we present the results of element content in river sediments and soil of the Rangárvellir river in southern Iceland as well as in the volcano ash from the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in 2010. Severe natural catastrophes have devastating impact on the environment. We selected the Rangárvellir area located in the vicinity of Mt Hekla, Iceland’s most active volcano, for our study. This study site is ideal to investigate wind and water erosion and sediment transport processes of two main glaciers rivers: the Eystri-Rangá and the Ytri-Rangá and the Hroarslækur River. Sediments of these rivers consist of volcano materials, ash and lava. In order to assess the sediment dynamics, we collected sediment, soil and volcanic ash. The fractioning of the elements was carried out using sequential extractions. The distribution of Si indicates that the sediments originate from the same geochemical basis. Li and partly B exist in the first phase of volcanic ash and river sediments but not in the mobile phases of soils. In the mobile phase of volcanic ash, P was found but it did not exist in the first phase of soil and sediments. These results suggest the different chemical fingerprints in the water sediments and surrounding soil.
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3

Ahmad, Asmita, Muchtar Salam Solle, and Christianto Lopulisa. "Soil Development from Volcanic Ash Based on Different Pyroclastic Composition." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 24, no. 3 (February 19, 2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2019.v24i3.135-140.

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Potential volcano in several provinces in Indonesia played a significant role in the formation and quality of soil development. Soils that developed from the volcanic ashes often thought to contribute greatly to improve soil fertility, without regard to the nature and composition of the volcanic ash produced. Volcanic ash generated from the results in volcanic activity has a different composition, there are basaltic, andesitic and granitic, thereby affecting the process of formation and characteristics of the soil. The Objective of this study is to determine the soil development from different types of pyroclastic generated from Lokon volcano in North Sulawesi. The coordinates of research was in 1o 21' 18.0" N and 124o 49' 20.2"E. this research used ARL Quant X (EDXRF Analyzer) for X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Shimadzu XRD-7000 for X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), geology map (scale 1:250,000), topographic map (scale 1:50,000), XRD software, GIS 10.3 software. Soil analysis for texture, pH, C-Organic, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). There are two types of pyroclastic as the source of soil development from volcanic ash, there are; 1) basaltic pyroclastic with 43.26% Si02 that are resulted from the first magmatic eruption and 2) andesitic pyroclastic with 5.09% Si02 that are resulted from the late magmatic eruption. Basaltic pyroclastic contains Fe 37.63%, Al 11.35%, Ca 13.17% and Mg 5.69%, while andesitic pyroclastic contains Fe 38.35%, Al 6.87%, and Ca 8.61%. Rainfall ranges from 2000-3500 mm/yr helped the soil formation and influenced the character of the soil, such as sandy loam of soil texture, 3.08% of soil C-organic content, 23.24 cmol+/kg of CEC and 148.93 cmol+/kg of clay CEC. Clay minerals content of the soil is vermiculite, kaolinite and, halloysite. Cation supply from basaltic pyroclastic influenced the formation of vermiculite mineral, whereas andesitic pyroclastic more influences the formation of the kaolinite mineral. Formation of soil texture with a predominance of the sand fraction is more influenced by the type of andesitic pyroclastic that more resistant to weathering processes.Keywords: Soil; volcanic ash; pyroclastic; vermiculite; kaolinite
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4

Tulin, Anabella. "Properties and Constraints of Red-Yellow and Volcanic Ash Soils Planted to Rootcrops in the Philippines." Science and Humanities Journal 07, no. 1 (December 2, 2007): 52–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47773/shj.1998.071.4.

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Soil samples representing hightly weathered Red-Yellow and Volcanic Ash soils were collected from 45 pedons of different rootcrop producing provinces in the Philippines. This research was conducted to provide a comprehensive data on the properties and constraints of Red-yellow and Volcanic Ash soils planted to rootcrops through determination of the soils' various morphological, physical, and chemical properties. Some of the identified soil constraints associated with Red-Yellow and Volcanic Ash soils planted to rootcrops include : low organic matter, soil acidity, Al toxicity, low CEC, low amounts of exchangeable bases such as Ca, K, Mg, and Na, low P availability, high clay content, and highly compacted soils.
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5

Yatno, Edi, and Siti Zauyah. "PROPERTIES AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS OF SOILS FORMED FROM VOLCANIC MATERIALS IN LEMBANG AREA, WEST JAVA." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 2 (October 25, 2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v9n2.2008.44-54.

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Soils formed from volcanic materials have a high potential for agricultural development, especially for horticultural crops, tea, and pine trees. Data on the characteristics of these soils are important for the management planning. Six representative soil profiles developed on andesitic volcanic ash and tuff in Lembang area, West Java were studied to determine the soil physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties, to study the relationship between the soil properties, and to classify the soils according to the Soil Taxonomy. The results indicated that all the soils had very deep (>150 cm) solum. In general, the volcanic ash soils were darker colored, more granular, more friable, less sticky and less plastic than the volcanic tuff soils. Physically, the ash soils had lower bulk density (0.44-0.73 mg m-3) and higher available water content (13-33%) than the tuff soils. Bulk density decreased with increasing allophane. Chemically, the ash soils had higher pHNaF (mostly > 10), higher organic carbon (4.3-6.8% in upper horizons), higher CEC (20- 44 cmolc kg-1), and higher P retention (> 85%) than the tuff soils. P retention logarithmically increased with increasing oxalate extractable Al and allophane. The sand fractions of the ash soils were dominated by hornblende, while the tuff soils were predominantly composed of opaque minerals. In the clay fractions, the ash soils were dominated by allophane, whereas the tuff soils showed high contents of gibbsite and metahalloysite. Soils developed on volcanic ash were classified as Thaptic Hapludands and Typic Melanudands, while soils formed from volcanic tuff were classified as Andic Dystrudepts. The low bulk density and friable consistency of the soils contributed to favorable soil tilth. However, high P retention and Al saturation in most soils are limiting factors for plant growth. Application of P fertilizers and liming coupled with efficient placement can be recommended to enhance P availability and reduce Al toxicity. Organic matter can be used to reduce Al toxicity. Soil conservation needs to be considered, especially in the steep slope areas.
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6

Yatno, Edi, and Siti Zauyah. "PROPERTIES AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS OF SOILS FORMED FROM VOLCANIC MATERIALS IN LEMBANG AREA, WEST JAVA." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 2 (October 25, 2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v9n2.2008.p44-54.

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Soils formed from volcanic materials have a high potential for agricultural development, especially for horticultural crops, tea, and pine trees. Data on the characteristics of these soils are important for the management planning. Six representative soil profiles developed on andesitic volcanic ash and tuff in Lembang area, West Java were studied to determine the soil physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties, to study the relationship between the soil properties, and to classify the soils according to the Soil Taxonomy. The results indicated that all the soils had very deep (>150 cm) solum. In general, the volcanic ash soils were darker colored, more granular, more friable, less sticky and less plastic than the volcanic tuff soils. Physically, the ash soils had lower bulk density (0.44-0.73 mg m-3) and higher available water content (13-33%) than the tuff soils. Bulk density decreased with increasing allophane. Chemically, the ash soils had higher pHNaF (mostly > 10), higher organic carbon (4.3-6.8% in upper horizons), higher CEC (20- 44 cmolc kg-1), and higher P retention (> 85%) than the tuff soils. P retention logarithmically increased with increasing oxalate extractable Al and allophane. The sand fractions of the ash soils were dominated by hornblende, while the tuff soils were predominantly composed of opaque minerals. In the clay fractions, the ash soils were dominated by allophane, whereas the tuff soils showed high contents of gibbsite and metahalloysite. Soils developed on volcanic ash were classified as Thaptic Hapludands and Typic Melanudands, while soils formed from volcanic tuff were classified as Andic Dystrudepts. The low bulk density and friable consistency of the soils contributed to favorable soil tilth. However, high P retention and Al saturation in most soils are limiting factors for plant growth. Application of P fertilizers and liming coupled with efficient placement can be recommended to enhance P availability and reduce Al toxicity. Organic matter can be used to reduce Al toxicity. Soil conservation needs to be considered, especially in the steep slope areas.
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7

Rifa’i, Ahmad, Noriyuki Yasufuku, and Kiyoshi Omine. "Characterization and Effective Utilization of Volcanic Ash for Soil Improvement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 248 (December 2012): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.248.292.

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Volcanic ash becomes environmental important issues as waste material if it is not effectively reduced or reused. In engineering practice, utilization of volcanic ash as substitution material is limited. Indonesia has a large road on soft soil and volcanic ash. The objectives of this paper are focused to study the characterization, classification and utilization of volcanic ash as soil stabilization material which give benefit in engineering practice and also be environmental friendly material. Engineering properties, mineral composition and soil mixture characteristics involve physical and mechanical properties are discussed. Result shows that the effect of addition of volcanic ash after curing time 14 days can improve the engineering properties of soft soil, decrease liquid limit, change curve of grain size distribution, increase bearing capacity, and decrease swelling potential. The soil-volcanic ash mixture with 35% of volcanic ash and 5% of lime is obtained as optimum mixture design. This result is still early stage and need further study.
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8

Anda, Markus, Anny Mulyani, and Suparto Suparto. "MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS AS A CONSIDERATION FOR ESTABLISHING SUSTAINABLE SOIL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 2 (October 23, 2012): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v13n2.2012.54-67.

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Problems of soil limiting factors affecting crop growth were not fully understood owing to little attention has been given to soil mineralogy and its association to soil chemical properties. The objective of the study was to assess soil mineralogical and chemical properties of seven soils derived from different parent<br />materials as an integrated strategic consideration to establish soil management. Field study was carried out in 2009. Soils were sampled from each horizon of profiles. Results showed that primary and secondary minerals had a strong effect on soil chemical properties. The sand fraction of soils derived from basalt, gabbro, mica schist and serpentinite was dominated by resistant minerals (quartz or opaques), leading to very limited, if any, nutrients released from parent materials. The clay fraction was dominated by kaolinite for soils derived from<br />basalt, mica schist and gabbaro, and by amorphous materials for the soil derived from serpentinite resulting in low soil cation exchange capacity (CEC). For other three soils derived from volcanic tuff, volcanic basaltic andesite and volcanic ash, the easily weatherable minerals (feldspar and ferromagnesian) were dominant, suggesting the high reserved nutrients. The presence of halloysite and smectite minerals in the soil derived from volcanic tuff resulted in high soil CEC, while the dominance of amorphous materials in soils derived from volcanic basaltic andesite and volcanic ash was responsible for the low CEC. For<br />soils derived from basalt, serpentinite, mica schist and gabbro, therefore, the strategic management should be directed to restore soil CEC, pH, exchangeable cations and P content. For soils derived from volcanic tuff, volcanic basaltic andesite and volcanic ash, the presence of easily weatherable minerals indicated many reserved nutrients; hence the soil management is directed for replenishment of nutrients removed by crops. <br />
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9

Anda, Markus, Anny Mulyani, and Suparto Suparto. "MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS AS A CONSIDERATION FOR ESTABLISHING SUSTAINABLE SOIL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 2 (October 23, 2012): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v13n2.2012.p54-67.

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Problems of soil limiting factors affecting crop growth were not fully understood owing to little attention has been given to soil mineralogy and its association to soil chemical properties. The objective of the study was to assess soil mineralogical and chemical properties of seven soils derived from different parent<br />materials as an integrated strategic consideration to establish soil management. Field study was carried out in 2009. Soils were sampled from each horizon of profiles. Results showed that primary and secondary minerals had a strong effect on soil chemical properties. The sand fraction of soils derived from basalt, gabbro, mica schist and serpentinite was dominated by resistant minerals (quartz or opaques), leading to very limited, if any, nutrients released from parent materials. The clay fraction was dominated by kaolinite for soils derived from<br />basalt, mica schist and gabbaro, and by amorphous materials for the soil derived from serpentinite resulting in low soil cation exchange capacity (CEC). For other three soils derived from volcanic tuff, volcanic basaltic andesite and volcanic ash, the easily weatherable minerals (feldspar and ferromagnesian) were dominant, suggesting the high reserved nutrients. The presence of halloysite and smectite minerals in the soil derived from volcanic tuff resulted in high soil CEC, while the dominance of amorphous materials in soils derived from volcanic basaltic andesite and volcanic ash was responsible for the low CEC. For<br />soils derived from basalt, serpentinite, mica schist and gabbro, therefore, the strategic management should be directed to restore soil CEC, pH, exchangeable cations and P content. For soils derived from volcanic tuff, volcanic basaltic andesite and volcanic ash, the presence of easily weatherable minerals indicated many reserved nutrients; hence the soil management is directed for replenishment of nutrients removed by crops. <br />
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10

Sun, Jongsun, Jae-kwang Ahn, Haseong Lee, Eui-Hong Hwang, and Duk Kee Lee. "Analysis of Japanese Volcanic Ash Dispersion on the Korean Peninsula using Satellite Imagery." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 20, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2020.20.3.269.

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A volcanic eruption is a kind of global natural disaster that can occur suddenly and cause great damage to humankind. During the eruption, the magma causes fatal damage to life and property in areas near the volcano, and nearby countries are affected by the spread of volcanic ash, causing secondary damage due to air and soil pollution. Near the Korean peninsula, there exists an active volcano that can spread volcanic ash over long distances by erupting above Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 4. Volcanoes in Japan have been known to cause considerable volcanic ash damage on the Korean Peninsula during eruption. Accordingly, the Korea Meteorological Administration is developing technology to predict and monitor volcanic ash spread using satellite images. However, despite the fact that empirical models for volcanic ash diffusion range prediction are used during volcanic eruptions, continuous improvement is needed for accurate information prediction. In this study, satellite images were analyzed not for the predicted distance of volcanic ash clouds, but for the actual distance of volcanic ash dispersion in cases where the volcanic ashes dispersed in the direction of the Korean peninsula. Of the 3,880 volcanoes that erupted in Japan over the last four years, 111 cases were identified where the height and spread distance of the volcanic ash that erupted toward the Korean Peninsula can be confirmed. In addition, the actual volcanic eruption cases and modeling results were analyzed to determine the extent of volcanic ash spread, and a hypothetical scenario was tested to quantify the direct damage of the volcanic ash. From the analysis of the volcanic ash spread through the virtual simulations, it was found that the height of the volcanic ash, the direction of the wind, and wind speed during volcanic eruption were important factors.
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11

Devnita, Rina, Apong Sandrawati, Mahfud Arifin, Pujawati Suryatmana, Muhammad Amir Solihin, and Fikri Utami Wulandari. "Application of Nanoparticle of Merapi Volcanic Ash and Phosphate-Solubilizing Fungi in Improving Inceptisols Characteristics." Materials Science Forum 1044 (August 27, 2021): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1044.113.

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Nanoparticles of Merapi volcanic ash and phosphate-solubilizing fungi were expected to function as ameliorants in improving some Inceptisols characteristics. Nanoparticles of volcanic ash were used in accelerating and streamlining the chemical reaction in the soil. Phosphate-solubilizing fungi were expected to assist the process of several soil reactions. The aim of the research was to improve some chemical characteristics like available P, cation exchange capacity, Fe, and Zn content of Inceptisols in Cilembu Village, Sumedang District, West Java Province, Indonesia. The research used a complete randomized experimental design in factorial with two factors. The first factor was the nanoparticle of Merapi volcanic ash consisted of four doses on soil weight percentage (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). The second factor was phosphate-solubilizing fungi consisted of two doses (without and 10 g.kg-1). The volcanic ash was collected from Mt. Merapi, Central Java, after the eruption of November 2010 and kept in the Laboratory of Soil Physics and Conservation in Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The nanoparticle of volcanic ash was processed at Nanotechnology and Graphene Research Centre, Universitas Padjadjaran. The phosphate-solubilizing fungi were isolated from Inceptisols in Soil Microbiology Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran. These treatments were combined and mixed with soils and incubated for three months. Every one month during those three months of the incubation period, some soils were taken to be analyzed of available P, cation exchange capacity (CEC), available Fe, and available Zn. The result showed that there was no interaction between the nanoparticle of Merapi volcanic ash and phosphate-solubilizing fungi to parameters investigated except the CEC after two months of incubation. There was an effect of nanoparticle volcanic ash and phosphate-solubilizing fungi individually to available Fe dan Zn. There was a trend of increasing available P, and CEC and decreasing available Fe and Zn by the longer period of incubation.
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12

Beke, G. J., and T. G. Sommerfeldt. "Impact of a subsurface volcanic-ash layer on the properties of a southern Alberta soil with shallow water table." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 71, no. 4 (November 1, 1991): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss91-048.

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Two soils from a large depressional area, one with (AL) and one without (NL) a volcanic-ash layer, were investigated to determine the effect of the ash layer on soil properties. The soil parent materials, including the ash layer, were deposited in a lacustrine environment. Both soils had well-developed A and B horizons with secondary salinity. The AL soil contained less Na in the B horizon than the NL soil, resulting in a soil classification of salinized Gleyed Solonetzic Dark Brown Chernozem at the AL site and salinized Gleyed Dark Brown Solonetz at the NL location. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and moisture retention values indicated that the volcanic-ash layer enhanced the depth of effective drainage. This was supported by greater rooting depth, weaker B horizon structure, lower salinity, and dominance of different ions in the upper solum of the AL than in the NL soil. The distribution of soluble ions in the profiles indicated that the ash layer had negligible impact on the height of capillary rise. Lower soluble ion contents in the lower profile of the AL than the NL soil were attributed to the presence of an indurated or cemented layer between the water table and the ash layer in the AL soil. Key words: Soil properties, volcanic-ash, water movement, soluble salt movement, indurated horizon
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13

Ranatunga, Thilini D., Robert W. Taylor, Kamala N. Bhat, Seshadri S. Reddy, Zachary N. Senwo, and Bruce Jackson. "Inorganic Phosphorus Forms in Soufrière Hills Volcanic Ash and Volcanic Ash-Derived Soil." Soil Science 174, no. 8 (August 2009): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ss.0b013e3181b6deab.

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14

Mahmoud, Abdel Wahab M., Abeer A. Mahmoud, and Ahmed E. Ghoniem. "Utilization of Volcanic Ash and Magnetite Mineral for Peanut Crop Production." Journal of Agricultural Studies 7, no. 2 (May 9, 2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v7i2.14764.

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A field experiment was carried out on sandy soil at Ismailia Governorate during two consecutive seasons of 2017-2018 under dripping irrigation system to study the effect of applied volcanic ash and magnetite mineral alone or mixture compared to recommended fertilizers (chemical fertilizers) as control on soil properties, peanut yield and its quality.The obtained results show that soil salinity, pH and soil bulk density were decreased in volcanic ash, magnetite mineral and volcanic ash + magnetite mineral combined treatments, as compared to the control one. The total porosity and water holding capacity (WHC) values were augmented when soil treated by volcanic ash, magnetite mineral and volcanic ash + magnetite mineral, as compared to control. In addition, Hay and pod dry weight were significantly increased with combined treatment 26.40 and 65.00 %, respectively over the control treatment. The NPK contents were augmented due to the application of volcanic ash; it also amplified zinc concentration in hay four times and in seed three times that of control treatment. Manganese concentration followed the same trend of Zn concentration. Iron concentration increased almost five and four times compared with control treatment in hay and seed. Cupper concentration increased by 30 and 70 % in comparison to control treatment in hay and peanut seed, respectively due to volcanic ash application. The highest values of net photosynthesis rate as well as water use efficiency were also obtained from volcanic ash + magnetite mineral combined treatment as compared to those under control plants. The mixture of volcanic ash with magnetite mineral realized the highest oil content and total amino acids. Anatomical studies revealed significant increase in leaf features represented in midrib thickness, length and width of vascular bundle, phloem and xylem tissues and number of xylem vessels in vascular bundle as well as the leaf blade thickness compared to control plants. Combination of volcanic ash with magnetite mineral gave the maximum net profit as compared to control treatment. The agronomic efficiency could be arranged in the following descending order of volcanic ash plus magnetite mineral, > volcanic ash, > magnetite mineral, and finally > control.
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15

Ikawa, H. "Chronosequences of Volcanic Ash Soils." Soil Science 155, no. 1 (January 1993): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199301000-00015.

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16

MULYONO, NITISAPTO, AZWAR MAAS, BENITO HERU PURWANTO, and PUTU SUDIRA. "Short Communication: Volcanic ash utilization as planting medium of curly lettuce with charcoal husk and urban waste compost as soil amendment." Asian Journal of Agriculture 2, no. 02 (November 26, 2018): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g020201.

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Mulyono, Maas A, Purwanto BH, Sudira P. 2018. Short Communication: Volcanic ash utilization as planting medium of curly lettuce with charcoal husk and urban waste compost as soil amendment. Asian J Agric 2: 39-43. During a volcanic eruption, volcanic ash spreads over an extensive area, causes environmental disturbances, and thus, should be disposed afar from settlements. On the other hand, volcanic ash is useful in urban areas where pot-planting is often lack soil medium. However, the utilization of volcanic ash as direct planting medium has many obstacles due to its characteristics such as the acidic, nitrogen nutrients rareness, compressed and dull to water. Hence, to be ready to use, it should be improved by using soil amendment. This study used charcoal husk combined with compost as the soil amendment. The purpose of this study was to use the volcanic ash as the planting medium, by obtaining a proper dose of volcanic ash and the soil amendments for the growth and yield of curly lettuce. The experimental design applied in this study was the complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The first factor was the 5 levels of charcoal husk (on volcanic ash) doses, namely 0.30; 0.40; 0.50; 0.60; and 0.70. The second was the ratio between the media and the 3 levels of urban waste compost doses, namely: 3:1; 2:1 and 1:1, resulting in 5 x 3 total combinations with three replications. The plant growth and yield data results were analyzed by using the variance analysis and continued with Duncan Multiple tests (Duncan Multiple Range Test). The results showed that when used as the sole planting medium, the volcanic ash could not support the growth of lettuce plants. The evidence was shown from the same size and weight of the curly lettuce after the age of 35 days (5 g/plant). The utilization of husk and urban waste compost treatment showed significant growth rise. The combination of volcanic ash and soil amendments showed that the best effect on the growth and yield of curly lettuce was from M3K3 treatment at the dose of 25% volcanic ash, 25% charcoal husk and 50% urban waste compost (60 g/plant).
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17

Arifin, Mahfud, Rina Devnita, Pujawati Suryatmana, Muhammad Amir Solihin, Apong Sandrawati, Arief F. Mutawadi'in, and Febby Fitriyani. "Soil Acidity, Organic Carbon and Basic Cations as Affected by Nanoparticle of Volcanic Ash and Biofertilizer in Inceptisols." Materials Science Forum 1044 (August 27, 2021): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1044.133.

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Nanoparticle has been used in agricultural practices such as soil ameliorant. Nanoparticle of volcanic ash and biofertilizer were applied to improve some soil characteristics of Inceptisols. The objective of this research was to optimize the benefit of nanoparticle of volcanic ash and biofertilizer in reducing soil acidity, increasing organic carbon content, and increasing basic cations of Inceptisols. Volcanic ash was obtained from the eruption of Mt. Merapi in Central Java. Nanoparticle was grinded in Nanotechnology and Graphene Research Center, Universitas Padjadjaran. Phosphate solubilizing fungi was used as biofertilizer, isolated in Soil Microbiology Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran. A two factors randomized experimental design was used in this research. Nanoparticle of volcanic ash was used as first factor (four levels: 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% of soil weight percentages). Biofertilizer was used as second factor (two levels: 0 and 10 g.kg-1). These two treatments were combined and mixed evenly and incubated for three months in field condition. Every month during those three months a few soil samples were taken to analyze the change of soil characteristics. The results showed that the treatments increased organic carbon content and potassium basic cation but had no effect to soil acidity.
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18

Dorel, M., J. Roger-Estrade, H. Manichon, and B. Delvaux. "Porosity and soil water properties of Caribbean volcanic ash soils." Soil Use and Management 16, no. 2 (January 19, 2006): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2000.tb00188.x.

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19

Hossain, K. M. A., M. Lachemi, and S. Easa. "Characteristics of volcanic ash and natural lime based stabilized clayey soils." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 1455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-099.

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Clayey soils are stabilized with various percentages of volcanic ash (VA), finely ground natural lime (NL), Portland cement, and their combinations. The influence of stabilizers and their combinations is evaluated through standard Proctor compaction, unconfined compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests. The durability of stabilized soil mixtures is judged based on drying shrinkage and the influence of water immersion on strength. Correlations between compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and CBR are also established. Stabilized soil mixtures can be used in various constructions, including road pavements and low-cost housing.Key words: soil stabilization, volcanic ash, natural lime, mechanical properties, durability.
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Murniasih, Sri, Darsono Darsono, Sukirno Sukirno, and Saefurrochman Saefurrochman. "Distribution Pattern of Volcanic Ash Essential Elements on the Top Layer of Agricultural Land Post Merapi Eruption in Sleman." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 19, no. 4 (August 13, 2019): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.38348.

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Volcanic ash contains essential elements to the soil fertility of agricultural land which is important to be investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution pattern of volcanic ash essential elements as a result of volcanic eruption disaster using Surfer software. To input, the Surfer software, soil samples of volcanic ash at 10 sampling locations in Sleman at a radius of 14 to 26 km towards the south from a peak of Merapi were collected. Data of wind direction, humidity and ground level at the time of sampling were also collected. The concentrations of the essential element in samples were measured using NAA (neutron activation analysis). The pH of volcanic ash samples in each sampling locations was also measured. The results showed that volcanic ash for all sampling locations contained, Al, Fe, Na, K, and Si as major elements and Zn, Co, and Se as trace elements. The concentration distribution pattern of the Zn, Si, Co and Fe elements tends to decrease towards the peak of Merapi, on the other hand, the Na, and K elements showed that their distribution concentration tends to decrease away from the peak of Merapi. The wind’s speed affects the distribution range of an element contained in volcanic ash samples. The pH of volcanic ash samples seemingly only affect the concentration of Zn elements in the distribution pattern of elements.
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Picarelli, Luciano, Lucio Olivares, Salvatore Lampitiello, Reza Darban, and Emilia Damiano. "The Undrained Behaviour of an Air-Fall Volcanic Ash." Geosciences 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10020060.

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Pyroclastic soils are widespread in the world. In particular, they cover a great part of Campania, a densely populated country of Southern Italy, where some distinct volcanic centers are present. In these soils, precipitations can trigger fast flow-like landslides causing destruction and loss of human lives. The movement style, the high velocity and the long run-out of these landslides are an indication of the occurrence, in the saturated soil mass, of mechanisms of undrained instability due to the inability of soil to sustain the deviator stress related to the slope condition. This paper reports the results of a wide experimental laboratory program carried out on a volcanic ash, which recently has been the seat of a killer landslide, stressing the factors that govern the undrained response of these materials.
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EGAWA, Takuya, Takahiro YAMANASHI, and Koichi TOMISAWA. "Study on Liquefaction Characteristics of Volcanic ash soil." Journal of JAEE 16, no. 1 (2016): 1_352–1_364. http://dx.doi.org/10.5610/jaee.16.1_352.

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EGAWA, Takuya, Takahiro YAMANASHI, and Koichi TOMISAWA. "STUDY ON LIQUEFACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF VOLCANIC ASH SOIL." Journal of Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering 18, no. 3 (2018): 3_104–3_118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5610/jaee.18.3_104.

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Nakagawa, Kei, Shin-Ichiro Wada, Ryoma Kitamura, and Ronny Berndtsson. "Modeling of Salt Sorption in Volcanic Ash Soil." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 48, no. 21 (November 30, 2017): 2594–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2017.1416139.

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MITANI, TOMOYO, AYAKA ICHIMURA, KO-HEI SHIMOMURA, NAOKO KOIKE, HIDETOSHI OHSHIRO, TOMOTAKA YANAGITA, and YAOZONG JIANG. "Phosphate Ion Removal by Baked Volcanic Ash Soil." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 26, no. 6 (2000): 877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.26.877.

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Nambu, Kei, and Koyo Yonebayashi. "Quantitative relationship between soil properties and adsorption of dissolved organic matter onto volcanic ash and non-volcanic ash soils." Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 46, no. 3 (September 2000): 559–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2000.10409121.

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Moldrup, Per, Seiko Yoshikawa, Torben Olesen, Toshiko Komatsu, and Dennis E. Rolston. "Air Permeability in Undisturbed Volcanic Ash Soils." Soil Science Society of America Journal 67, no. 1 (January 2003): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.3200.

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Moldrup, Per, Seiko Yoshikawa, Torben Olesen, Toshiko Komatsu, and Dennis E. Rolston. "Gas Diffusivity in Undisturbed Volcanic Ash Soils." Soil Science Society of America Journal 67, no. 1 (January 2003): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.4100.

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29

FitzPatrick, E. A. "Volcanic ash soils — Genesis, properties and utilization." Geoderma 65, no. 1-2 (February 1995): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(95)90034-9.

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30

Kamijo, Takashi, Minami Kawagoe, Taku Kato, Yutaka Kiyohara, Miyuki Matsuda, Keiko Hashiba, and Kazunori Shimada. "Destruction and Recovery of Vegetation Caused by the 2000-Year Eruption on Miyake-Jima Island, Japan." Journal of Disaster Research 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2008): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2008.p0226.

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The active Mt. Oyama volcano on Miyake-jima Island in the Izu Islands, Japan, erupted in 2000 followed by large amounts of volcanic gas containing high concentrations of SO2has been emitted. The island ecosystem has been heavily damaged by the volcanic ash and gas. We detail the destruction and recovery of vegetation found in a 7-year study of 11 permanent plots from 2001 to 2007. Damage to vegetation by ash was worst near the crater in 2001. Trees began dying in 2001, apparently due to direct and/or indirect effects of volcanic gas emission. In contrast to the tree decline, two grass species,Miscanthus condensatusandCarex oshimensis, increased notably following the eruption, suggesting their high SO2and acidic soil tolerance.Miscanthus condensatusandC. oshimensiswere not dominant species in early stage of primary succession before the 2000-year eruption. In the vegetation recovery after the eruption, the tolerances to SO2and acidic soils are necessary for plant species to colonize on devastated sites.
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Girsang, Thomson A. S., Veny Apriyani, Desti S. N. Pasaribu, and Lisnawaty Simatupang. "Application of Humid Silica Plus Fertilizer with Various Combinations of Planting Media." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) 2, no. 2 (July 12, 2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v2i2.14000.

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Volcanic ash contains minerals needed by soil and plants with the highest composition of total elements, namely Ca, Na, K and Mg, other macro elements in the form of P and S, while micro elements consist of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu. The layer of volcanic dust that has the potential to contain nutrients for soil fertilization for agriculture can actually only be used about 10 years after the spread of volcanic ash. Soil fertilization can be accelerated if mixed with organic materials such as by using chicken manure fertilizer which has nutrients from chicken manure: N = 1.7%, P2O5 = 1.9%, K2O = 1.5%. Humic acid helps regulate clay and soil improvement, binds and transfers micro elements from the soil to plants, increases water absorption, and stimulates the development of microorganisms in the soil. Therefore, this study was conducted to make humic silica fertilizer in the planting medium by utilizing volcanic ash in combination with chicken manure mixed with soil. In this study apart from being a source of humic acid, chicken manure is also beneficial because it contains microorganisms which will be useful in accelerating the fertilizer incubation process. The composition of the fertilizer mixture used in this study is: volcanic ash sinabung: chicken manure: soil = 20: 50: 30; 30: 50:20; 40: 50: 10. The mixture is stirred evenly and then incubated for 30 days. After 30 days, the nutrient content of these fertilizers was tested and the highest content of the nutrients obtained in the combination was 20:50:30 namely: Organic C-1.35%, N-total 0.2%, P-available 20.16 ppm , K-available 0.527 me / 100g, C / N 6.75%, and humic acid contained in 3.925%
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Park, Won-Pyo, and Bon-Jun Koo. "Silicon and Aluminum Mobility in Soils of Jeju Island, Korea." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2020 (October 10, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3905813.

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The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of released silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) during the formation of volcanic ash soil on the content of Si in groundwater on Jeju Island. Volcanic ash soils in Jeju Island were formed from pyroclastic materials that originated from basalt. We sampled four profiles, including basaltic bedrock of each soil series with large variations in elevation (160–320 m) and mean annual precipitation (MAP; 1,800–2,600 mm). The soil and bedrock minerals were analyzed for weathering of volcanic ash soils related to mineralogical transformations and mobility of Si and Al. Andisols (above 2,000 mm MAP) were dominantly composed of allophane and gibbsite. In Andisols used in the study, 10–70% of Si was lost, whereas the amount of Al was relatively conserved. This is because Al forms Al-humus complex and Andisols contain allophane. In contrast, non-Andisols located at low altitude with lower than 1,800 mm MAP were enriched with considerable amounts of Si and Al, because non-Andisols have crystalline clay minerals and quartz. These results indicate that Andisols, which are widely distributed in Jeju Island, may play an important role in contributing to the high concentration of dissolved Si in the groundwater.
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Zehetner, F., W. P. Miller, and L. T. West. "Pedogenesis of Volcanic Ash Soils in Andean Ecuador." Soil Science Society of America Journal 67, no. 6 (November 2003): 1797–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.1797.

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34

Pizon, Frances Mae, and Anabella B. Tulin. "Intensive Vegetable Production Degrades Volcanic Ash Soil in Cabintan, Ormoc City, Philippines." Science and Humanities Journal 14, no. 1 (December 12, 2020): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47773/shj.1998.141.3.

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Long-term intensive cultivation leads to soil-related problems. This study was conducted to know the changes in physico-chemical properties of volcanic ash soil (Andisol) in Barangay Cabintan, Ormoc City, Leyte after ten years of intensive vegetable production. Five sampling sites were selected, representing fallow and intensively cultivated areas. The soils were collected and analyzed for particle size analysis (PSA), bulk density (Db), soil pH, organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and exchangeable bases potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and sodium (Na). The findings of the current study were compared to the results reported by the ACIAR project ten years ago. The results revealed that the soil physico-chemical properties of Andisol changed within ten years. There were significant differences in soil physicochemical properties of Andisol across sites and depths as influenced by the two types of soil management over ten years. Soil management practices influenced the nutrient supplying capacity and the physico-chemical properties of the soil. Soil texture did not vary except for sites C and E (intensively cultivated areas). The bulk density remained low while the soil pH, soil organic matter, nitrogen, and exchangeable bases decreased. However, the available phosphorus increased under intensive vegetable production. The overall results highlighted the need to employ the appropriate soil management, specifically fertilizer application. An accurate and exact combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is highly recommended in the area to obtain the desired vegetable yield.
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Simbolon, Armando Septian, Mariani Sembiring, and Tengku Sabrina. "Deskripsi Makrofauna pada Tanah Andisol di Kabupaten Karo dengan Berbagai Ketebalan Abu Vulkanik Gunung Sinabung." Jurnal Pertanian Tropik 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jpt.v5i1.3130.

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Changed soil conditions will result in the changed population and diversity in the soil. The eruption of Sinabung Mount caused the surface of the soil covered with volcanic ash with various thicknesses. This research was to study a description of macrofaunal communities at different thicknesses of Sinabung volcanic ash on andisol soil in Karo Regency. The experiment was conducted in May 2017. The experiment plot was located at four locations, location I was not covered by ash (0 cm), location II was covered with thin ash (≤2 cm), location III was covered with medium ash (2-8 cm), location IV was covered with thick ash (≥8 cm) using the transect sampling method. Samples was collected by using the Pitfall Trap, Monolith quadrant, and the Hand Sorting method. Macrofaunal communities found 3 phyla, 6 classes, 11 orders, 17 families, and 18 species at location I. Macrofaunal communities found 3 phyla, 7 classes, 11 orders, 16 families, and 17 species at location II. Macrofaunal communities found 2 phyla, 3 classes, 7 orders, 9 families, and 9 species at location III. Macrofaunal communities found 1 phylum, 2 classes, 5 orders, 7 families, and 7 species at location IV.
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36

Kim, J., M. G. Dunn, A. J. Baran, D. P. Wade, and E. L. Tremba. "Deposition of Volcanic Materials in the Hot Sections of Two Gas Turbine Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 115, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 641–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906754.

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This paper reports the results of a series of tests designed to determine the melting and subsequent deposition behavior of volcanic ash cloud materials in modern gas turbine engine combustors and high-pressure turbine vanes. The specific materials tested were Mt. St. Helens ash and a soil blend containing volcanic ash (black scoria) from Twin Mountain, NM. Hot section test systems were built using actual engine combustors, fuel nozzles, ignitors, and high-pressure turbine vanes from an Allison T56 engine can-type combustor and a more modern Pratt and Whitney F-100 engine annular-type combustor. A rather large turbine inlet temperature range can be achieved using these two combustors. The deposition behavior of volcanic materials as well as some of the parameters that govern whether or not these volcanic ash materials melt and are subsequently deposited are discussed.
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Apriyani, Veny, Thomson A. S. Girsang, Ribka Sirait, and Lisnawaty Simatupang. "Combination of Sinabung Volcanic Ash and Humic Acid Against Characteristics of Humid Silica Fertilizers." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) 2, no. 2 (July 12, 2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v2i2.13998.

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Volcanic ash from Mount Sinabung has a large silica (SiO2) content of 69,93% and contains minerals needed by soil and plants. This potential cannot be directly utilized due to the acidic nature of volcanic ash which can damage plants. To be used as fertilizer, the process can be accelerated by adding humic acid from chicken manure. So the purpose of this study is to manufacture humic silica fertilizer by combining volcanic ash with humic acid from chicken manure and and the characteristics of humic silica fertilizer. In this study a method of extracting humic acid from chicken manure was used using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 0,25 M solution and mixing volcanic ash with humic acid. The results of humic acid extract from chicken manure were then combined with volcanic ash from sinabung. Nutrients from the combination obtained at variation 60:40 with the highest organic C were 1.37%, N total 0.24%, Phosphate 20.64 ppm and Potassium 0.664 me / 100g with pH fertilizer 6 and crumb texture and free neutral which indicates the fertilizer is ready to use.
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38

Asfino Putra, Okri, Noriyuki Yasufuku, Ryohei Ishikura, Adel Alowaisy, and Yuko Kawaguchi. "Mechanical behaviour of unsaturated undisturbed black volcanic ash soil under static and cyclic loading." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 07004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199207004.

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The mechanical behaviour of unsaturated undisturbed black volcanic ash soils was investigated using a constant volume direct shear apparatus. A series of static and cyclic tests were conducted under unsaturated and saturated samples. The cyclic test under two patterns were adopted. First type of pattern, cyclic one-sided shearing was applied. For the second type, two-sided shearing was conducted. For further understanding of the chemical content and microstructure, X-Ray Fluorescence analysis (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were evaluated. It was found that, under static shearing, the unsaturated sample exhibits a higher apparent cohesion and friction angle in comparison to the saturated sample. The normalized vertical stress under one-sided cyclic shearing in both overconsolidated and normally consolidated samples rapidly reduced at the beginning of shearing. This might be attributed to increase of the pore water pressure during shearing. Furthermore, there is a significant difference between the normalized shear stress under cyclic one-sided and two-sided shearing. For the two-sided cyclic shearing test, the normalized shear stress value is higher than the one-sided cyclic shearing test. In addition, the normalized shear stress under unsaturated condition is significantly larger. This can be related to the suction forces to the total strength of soils. The main chemical content of the black volcanic ash soil is allophane. Further, the microstructure of the black volcanic ash changes due to shearing. For the overconsolidated sample, particles of soil more severe damage than normally consolidated sample.
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Wada, Koji, and Yasuko Kakuto. "Embryonic Halloysites in Ecuadorian Soils Derived from Volcanic Ash." Soil Science Society of America Journal 49, no. 5 (September 1985): 1309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900050047x.

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40

Terraza Pira, Maria Fernanda, Malcolm E. Sumner, Miguel L. Cabrera, and Aaron Thompson. "Boron Adsorption and Desorption on Volcanic Ash-Derived Soils." Soil Science Society of America Journal 82, no. 1 (January 2018): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2016.08.0264.

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41

Tonneijck, Femke H., Jos A. Hageman, Jan Sevink, and Jacobus M. Verstraten. "Tephra stratification of volcanic ash soils in Northern Ecuador." Geoderma 144, no. 1-2 (March 2008): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.11.009.

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42

Suntoro, Suntoro, Sudadi Sudadi, Hery Widijanto, and Galuh Novikah Widy Utami. "Pengaruh Abu Vulkanik Kelud dan Pupuk Kandang terhadap Ketersediaan dan Serapan Kalium pada Jagung di Tanah Alfisol." Agrosains: Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi 18, no. 1 (March 12, 2016): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v18i1.18680.

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<p>Kelud volcanic ash has high source of minerals, which is potassium. This study aims to determine the effect and find the best composition of Kelud volcanic ash and manure to the availability and corn uptake of potassium in the Alfisols.This research is expected to provide information on the composition of volcanic ash Kelud and proper manure for agriculture. This research was conducted in the greenhouse, in the Laboratory of Ecology and Management of Crop Production, and soil chemistry laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University in June 2014 - January 2015. Research using completely randomized design which consists of two factors, there are the thickness of Kelud volcanic ash which consists of four levels A0 (0 cm), A1 (2 cm), A2 (4 cm), and A3 (6 cm) and the dose of manure were P0 (0 ton/ha), P1 (2,5 ton/ha), and P2 (5 ton/ha). Each combination treatment was repeated 3 times. The data were then analyzed using the F test and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test Test (DMRT) level of 95%. The results showed that the interaction between the two treatments were no significant different. Availability Potassium gradually decreased with an increase in the dose of volcanic ash Kelud, allegedly because of the low value of the total potassium Kelud volcanic ash. The results of measurements of plant potassium uptake increased with increasing dose Kelud volcanic ash and manure.</p>
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Tigue, April Anne S., Jonathan R. Dungca, Hirofumi Hinode, Winarto Kurniawan, and Michael Angelo B. Promentilla. "Synthesis of a one-part geopolymer system for soil stabilizer using fly ash and volcanic ash." MATEC Web of Conferences 156 (2018): 05017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815605017.

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A novel approach one-part geopolymer was employed to investigate the feasibility of enhancing the strength of in-situ soil for possible structural fill application in the construction industry. Geopolymer precursors such as fly ash and volcanic ash were utilized in this study for soil stabilization. The traditional geopolymer synthesis uses soluble alkali activators unlike in the case of ordinary Portland cement where only water is added to start the hydration process. This kind of synthesis is an impediment to geopolymer soil stabilizer commercial viability. Hence, solid alkali activators such as sodium silicate (SS), sodium hydroxide (SH), and sodium aluminate (SA) were explored. The influence of amount of fly ash (15% and 25%), addition of volcanic ash (0% and 12.5%), and ratio of alkali activator SS:SH:SA (50:50:0, 33:33:33, 50:20:30) were investigated. Samples cured for 28 days were tested for unconfined compressive strength (UCS). To evaluate the durability, sample yielding highest UCS was subjected to sulfuric acid resistance test for 28 days. Analytical techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) were performed to examine the elemental composition, mineralogical properties, and microstructure of the precursors and the geopolymer stabilized soil.
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44

Asfino Putra, Okri, Noriyuki Yasufuku, Ryohei Ishikura, Ahmad Rifa’i, Adel Alowaisy, and Yuko Kawaguchi. "Effect of soil structure disturbance on the shear strength of black volcanic ash soil." E3S Web of Conferences 156 (2020): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015602004.

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The effect of soil disturbance on the shear strength of black volcanic ash soil was investigated using a constant volume direct shear apparatus. Disturbance of soil structure was considered as the pore size distribution which obtained from the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC). The disturbed sample was used as a representation of soil structure disturbance due to earthquake shakes. A series of cyclic tests were conducted under unsaturated and saturated samples. It was found that the undisturbed samples exhibit a unimodal pore structure, and the disturbed samples indicate to a bimodal pore structure. Since the pore structure of the disturbed sample is unstable, the degradation index value is higher than that of the undisturbed sample and increases with the increasing number of cycles. In other words, the cyclic normalized vertical stress of disturbed samples degrades faster. Furthermore, the degradation index value in the normallyconsolidated samples was found to be larger than the overconsolidated. It might be attributed to increasing of the pore water pressure during shearing. Where in the over-consolidated samples is lower than normally-consolidated. On the other hand, the normalized shear stress of unsaturated samples, it is slightly larger due to the suction forces in the total strength of soils.
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45

McDowell, R. W. "The effectiveness of coal fly-ash to decrease phosphorus loss from grassland soils." Soil Research 43, no. 7 (2005): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr05021.

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Phosphorus (P) loss from soils can impair surface water quality. A study was conducted to test the efficacy of fly-ash to decrease phosphorus loss in 11 grassland soils. A preliminary toxicity and leaching experiment indicated that heavy metal concentrations (As, Cd, Pb, Se) in leachate and pasture from a soil treated with ash up to 50 mg/kg were not different from the control (unamended soil). Heavy metal concentrations in the ash were generally below limits for maximum concentrations in soil. Following incubation of fly ash at a rate of 20 mg/kg for 3 months with 11 grassland soils packed into boxes, overland flow was generated by simulated rainfall on each boxed soil. Analysis of overland flow indicated that in 2 semi-arid soils, P loss decreased due to decreased particulate P (PP) loss and low organic C concentration (<20 g/kg) that facilitated soil dispersion and slaking and increased soil strength. However, in 4 other soils (including 3 volcanic-ash soils with organic C >70 g/kg), P loss increased due to increased soil pH from 6 to 7 where P is most soluble. In all soils, despite an increase in P in recalcitrant soil P fractions, increased soil pH stimulated soil C and P mineralisation (decreased organic C by, on average, 4.1 g/kg), decreased soil organic P, and increased inorganic P in labile fractions. It is concluded that the application of fly-ash from this source should not be used as an amendment to decrease P loss in pastures where soil pH is commonly <6.0, but could provide useful both as a supplement to lime and in mitigating P loss in cropping soils.
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Lee, Chung-Won, Dong-Su Chang, Kozo Onoue, and Yong-Seong Kim. "Strength and Microstructure Properties of Volcanic ash-Cement Soil Mixtures." Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2013.13.1.199.

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OHKUBO, Yuji, Kazuo SAKAMOTO, Nobuie AYUZAWA, and Takashi SUZUKI. "Adsorption Characteristics of Granulated Volcanic Ash Soil for Phosphonate Ions." Journal of Ion Exchange 8, no. 3 (1997): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5182/jaie.8.145.

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48

El-Desoky, A., A. Hassan, and A. Mahmoud. "Volcanic Ash as a Material for Soil Conditioner and Fertility." Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2018.36445.

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49

Hikmatullah, Hikmatullah, and Kesumo Nugroho. "Tropical Volcanic Soils From Flores Island, Indonesia." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 15, no. 1 (April 9, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2010.v15i1.83-93.

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Tropical Volcanic Soils from Flores Island, Indonesia (Hikmatullah and K Nugroho): Soils that are developed in tropical region with volcanic parent materials have many unique properties, and high potential for agricultural use. The purpose of this study is to characterize the soils developed on volcanic materials from Flores Island, Indonesia, and to examine if the soils meet the requirements for andic soil properties. Selected five soils profiles developed from andesitic volcanic materials from Flores Island were studied to determine their properties. They were compared in their physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics according to their parent material, and climatic characteristic different. The soils were developed under humid tropical climate with ustic to udic soil moisture regimes with different annual rainfall. The soils developed from volcanic ash parent materials in Flores Island showed different properties compared to the soils derived from volcanic tuff, even though they were developed from th e same intermediary volcanic materials. The silica contents, clay mineralogy and sand fractions, were shown as the differences. The different in climatic conditions developed similar properties such as deep solum, dark color, medium texture, and very friable soil consistency. The soils have high organic materials, slightly acid to acid, low to medium cation exchange capacity (CEC). The soils in western region have higher clay content and showing more developed than of the eastern region. All the profiles meet the requirements for andic soil properties, and classified as Andisols order. The composition of sand mineral was dominated by hornblende, augite, and hypersthenes with high weatherable mineral reserves, while the clay fraction was dominated by disordered kaolinite, and hydrated halloysite. The soils were classified into subgroup as Thaptic Hapludands, Typic Hapludands, and Dystric Haplustands.
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Ostrooumov, Mikhail, Victor Hugo Garduño Monroy, and Alise Servenay. "Mineralogical and geochemical studies of hardened subsurface layers in soils of the Azufres and Atecuaro volcanic calderas, southwestern Mexico." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 85, no. 5 (November 1, 2005): 611–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s04-057.

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Free silica and halloysite-bearing hardened subsurface layers in the ash fall deposits of the Azufres and Atecuaro volcanic calderas (Michoacan State, southwestern Mexico), known as “tepetates”, have been characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and Infrared spectrometry, optical (OM) and scanning (SEM) microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXRA). Chemical analysis of these weathered and hardened formations shows the oxidation of Fe2+, enrichment of Al, Fe3+ and Ti, loss of Si, Na, Ca, K, Mg, and formation of minerals with hydroxyls groups. Tepetates are characterized by elevated SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratios (4.86–8.82) that show part of the SiO2 has crystallized in free siliceous phases. X-ray analysis reveals hydrated (1.0 nm) and dehydrated halloysite (0.7 nm), sanidine, plagioclases, cristobalite, and tridymite. Raman and infrared spectra confirm the presence of these mineral phases and show that the structural transformations occur in opal neoformations. SEM shows a compact matrix with a skeleton of different phenocrysts (aluminosilicates, ferromagnesian minerals and various crystalline silica phases) and the presence of non-crystalline silica (volcanic glass and opal with different degrees of crystallinity). The tepetates form by interaction of two processes: volcanic ash fall then subsequent weathering under variable climatic conditions. These indurated horizons are partly or totally cemented by the diagenetic secondary minerals: non-crystalline silica with variable crystal chemical characteristics and clay minerals. Key words: Ash fall, tepetates, volcanic soil, mineralogy, geochemistry
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