Academic literature on the topic 'Volcanic oceanic islands'
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Journal articles on the topic "Volcanic oceanic islands"
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TAKASHIMA, REISHI, HIROSHI NISHI, and TAKEYOSHI YOSHIDA. "Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous intra-arc sedimentation and volcanism linked to plate motion change in northern Japan." Geological Magazine 143, no. 6 (September 4, 2006): 753–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680600255x.
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The Sorachi Group, composed of Upper Jurassic ophiolite and Lower Cretaceous island-arc volcano-sedimentary cover, provides a record of Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous sedimentation and volcanism in an island-arc setting off the eastern margin of the Asian continent. Stratigraphic changes in the nature and volume of the Sorachi Group volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks reveal four tectonic stages. These stages resulted from changes in the subduction direction of the Pacific oceanic plate. Stage I in the Late Jurassic was characterized by extensive submarine eruptions of tholeiitic basalt from the back-arc basin. Slab roll-back caused rifting and sea-floor spreading in the supra-subduction zone along the active Asian continental margin. Stage II corresponded to the Berriasian and featured localized trachyandesitic volcanism that formed volcanic islands with typical island-arc chemical compositions. At the beginning of this stage, movement of the Pacific oceanic plate shifted from northeastward to northwestward. During Stage III, in the Valanginian, submarine basaltic volcanism was followed by subsidence. The Pacific oceanic plate motion turned clockwise, and the plate boundary between the Asian continent and the Pacific oceanic plate changed from convergent to transform. During Stage IV in the Hauterivian–Barremian, in situ volcanism ceased in the Sorachi–Yezo basin, and the volcanic front migrated west of the Sorachi–Yezo basin.
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Le Pera, Emilia, Consuele Morrone, José Arribas, M. Eugenia Arribas, Eumenio Ancochea, and M. José Huertas. "Petrography and provenance of beach sands from volcanic oceanic islands: Cabo Verde, Atlantic Ocean." Journal of Sedimentary Research 91, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 92–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.096.
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ABSTRACT Volcaniclastic deposits have been extensively analyzed in several settings in the Pacific and circum-Pacific area. Recent volcaniclastic products from Atlantic oceanic islands offer another opportunity to add new data and be an important key to a better understanding of volcanic imprints on the sedimentary record. The Cabo Verde archipelago is an Atlantic Oceanic plateau with late Oligocene to Holocene volcanism. Outcrops consist mainly of mafic and strongly alkaline and ultra-alkaline volcanic (pyroclastic and lava flows) and less abundant intrusive rocks with minor carbonatites and carbonate sedimentary rocks, constituting a multiple-provenance assemblage for the sandy beaches surrounding the islands. Currently, climate is semiarid to hyperarid with ephemeral and intermittent streams. Thirty-six samples of beach sand from six principal Cabo Verde Islands were selected for petrographic inspection. On average, beach sands constitute a volcanolithic petrofacies. A relative increase in carbonate limeclasts and bioclasts dilutes the pure volcaniclastic contribution mainly on the older island beaches (Sao Vicente, Sal, and Boa Vista). The major components of Cabo Verde beach sands are highly variable; in general, composition is a function of island morphological evolution and age. Thus, beaches of the younger islands (Sao Nicolau, Santiago, and Fogo) consist mainly of volcanic lithic fragments, and monomineralic grains of dense minerals such as olivine, pyroxene, and amphibole, and single grains of plagioclase and anorthoclase. By contrast, beaches of older eastern islands (Sal, Boa Vista, and Sao Vicente) contain more calcareous bioclasts, micritic and/or sparitic sedimentary lithic grains. The presence of carbonate grains suggests provenance from shallow carbonate platforms developed during periods of volcanic quiescence. Cabo Verde volcanic sandy fractions are composed mostly of black, brown, and orange glassy volcanic particles exhibiting microlitic, lathwork, and vitric textures. Volcanic particles with lathwork textures are linked to mafic provenance assemblages (nephelinites, basanites, and tephrites). The content of glassy particles is nearly constant in all beaches, and both hydroclastic and epiclastic processes are reflected in these populations of glassy grains. Boa Vista, Sao Vicente, and Santiago beaches contain higher proportions of sideromelane, linked to recent coastal volcanism, and lower proportions of orange and black glassy particles. The concentration of orange glass particles in the beaches of Santiago Island is higher than in the other island beaches. These orange glassy textures have been preserved even if they were sourced from the intensely altered Ancient Eruptive Complex, representing the pre-Miocene seamount stage of Santiago Island. A very small percentage of altered labile monocrystalline grains such as olivine and the paucity of altered volcanic components reflect the weathering-limited erosion regime of the islands. The exposed phonolitic lava flows that occupy only a minor surface part of the inland source produce particles with microlitic texture in sand beaches. Thus, this texture is not exclusive to andesitic, basaltic, and basaltic andesites sources, suggesting the need for a review of these particles as source-sensitive provenance signals.
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Cumberlidge, Neil. "Insular species of Afrotropical freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamonautidae and Potamidae) with special reference to Madagascar and the Seychelles." Contributions to Zoology 77, no. 2 (2008): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-07702003.
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The evolutionary relationships between island and mainland faunas of the 24 species of insular freshwater crabs in the Afrotropical region are reviewed in the light of phylogenetic studies. Twenty insular species of freshwater crabs are endemic, and four are also found on the neighboring mainland of Africa. The Atlantic Ocean islands of Sherbro, Bioko, Principe, and São Tomé support five species of Potamonautidae, while the Western Indian Ocean islands of the Seychelles, Zanzibar, Pemba, Mafia, and Madagascar together have 16 species of Potamonautidae, and Socotra has three species of Potamidae. Disjunct distributions of non-endemic insular species of Afrotropical freshwater crabs with conspecifics on the mainland are the result of past lower sea levels that once united islands with the coast. The presence of endemic species of freshwater crabs on oceanic volcanic islands (such as Príncipe and São Tomé) separated from the mainland by deep seas is probably the result of transoceanic dispersal. Endemic genera of freshwater crabs found on oceanic ‘Gondwanan’ islands are derived from ancestral populations on the Eurasian (Socotra) or African (The Seychelles and Madagascar) mainlands that probably reached there by transoceanic dispersal, rather than their being the vicariant descendents of Gondwanan ancestors. Species of freshwater crabs found on islands in the Afrotropical region are either not unique, or are endemic at the species or genus level. The degree of endemism depends on the island’s geological history: whether it is part of the continental shelf, an oceanic island of volcanic origin, or a former part of the ancient continent of Gondwana.
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LEAT, P. T., R. D. LARTER, and I. L. MILLAR. "Silicic magmas of Protector Shoal, South Sandwich arc: indicators of generation of primitive continental crust in an island arc." Geological Magazine 144, no. 1 (October 27, 2006): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756806002925.
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Protector Shoal, the northernmost and most silicic volcano of the South Sandwich arc, erupted dacite–rhyolite pumice in 1962. We report geochemical data for a new suite of samples dredged from the volcano. Geochemically, the dredge and 1962 samples form four distinct magma groups that cannot have been related to each other, and are unlikely to have been related to a single basaltic parent, by fractional crystallization. Instead, the silicic rocks are more likely to have been generated by partial melting of basaltic lower crust within the arc. Trace element and Sr–Nd isotope data indicate that the silicic volcanics have compositions that are more similar to the volcanic arc than the oceanic basement formed at a back-arc spreading centre, and volcanic arc basalts are considered to be the likely source for the silicic magmas. The South Sandwich Islands are one of several intra-oceanic arcs (Tonga–Kermadec, Izu–Bonin) that have: (1) significant amounts of compositionally bimodal mafic–silicic volcanic products and (2) 6.0–6.5 km s−1P-wave velocity layers in their mid-crusts that have been imaged by wide-angle seismic surveys and interpreted as intermediate-silicic plutons. Geochemical and volume considerations indicate that both the silicic volcanics and plutonic layers were generated by partial melting of basaltic arc crust, representing an early stage in the fractionation of oceanic basalt to form continental crust.
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Leat, Philip T., and Teal R. Riley. "Chapter 3.1a Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands: volcanology." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 55, no. 1 (2021): 185–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m55-2018-52.
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AbstractThe voluminous continental margin volcanic arc of the Antarctic Peninsula is one of the major tectonic features of West Antarctica. It extends from the Trinity Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands in the north to Alexander Island and Palmer Land in the south, a distance ofc.1300 km, and was related to east-directed subduction beneath the continental margin. Thicknesses of exposed volcanic rocks are up toc.1.5 km, and the terrain is highly dissected by erosion and heavily glacierized. The arc was active from Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous times until the Early Miocene, a period of climate cooling from subtropical to glacial. The migration of the volcanic axis was towards the trench over time along most of the length of the arc. Early volcanism was commonly submarine but most of the volcanism was subaerial. Basaltic–andesitic stratocones and large silicic composite volcanoes with calderas can be identified. Other rock associations include volcaniclastic fans, distal tuff accumulations, coastal wetlands and glacio-marine eruptions.Other groups of volcanic rocks of Jurassic age in Alexander Island comprise accreted oceanic basalts within an accretionary complex and volcanic rocks erupted within a rift basin along the continental margin that apparently predate subduction.
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Soja, Constance M. "Using fossils to identify allochthonous oceanic islands in the ancient geologic record." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008352.
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Silurian organisms preserved in southeastern Alaska (Alexander terrane) inhabited marine environments within an island-arc complex during a phase of waning volcanism and are fossilized in a diversity of shallow-marine platform and deep-water deposits. These fossils exhibit a distinctive suite of characteristics and share fundamental similarities with biotas of Paleozoic-Mesozoic age that are preserved in other accreted island terranes of North America. These special attributes reflect the colonization, evolution, and diversification of marine organisms adjacent to subconical/conical volcanic edifices characterized by relatively high rates of subsidence, steep submarine slopes, tectonic instability, and biogeographic isolation. Recognition of these diagnostic features enables many ancient island faunas to be distinguished from those that lived on the craton and enhances differentiation of island biotas from pelagic assemblages that accumulated as oozes in deep ocean basins.Although island faunas exhibit a high degree of variability in taxonomic diversity, levels of endemism, and provincial affinities, many share a significant number of similarities. Several of these shared attributes reflect organismal evolution in biogeographic isolation at island sites separated from continental and other source regions by considerable geographic distances or at locations unfavorably situated with respect to oceanic currents transporting teleplanic larvae. Comparison of Silurian island-arc faunas from Alaska with coeval assemblages from different tectonic settings and with modern volcanic islands shows that oceanic island biotas commonly are characterized by: (1) initially impoverished, normal marine faunas of low diversity and abundance that are preserved in exceptionally thick platform sequences; (2) sequential development of organic structures from fringing to barrier reefs on the outer shelf during thermal subsidence and lateral expansion of the carbonate platform; (3) restricted faunas devoid of normal marine shelly benthos and tolerant of quiet-water conditions, muddy substrates, and fluctuations in salinity, temperature, and oxygen concentrations in back-reef lagoons; (4) extensive taphonomic redistribution of organisms along bathymetric gradients and downslope preservation in debris flows, slumps, and turbidites of mixed fossil assemblages derived from shelf and shelf-margin habitats; (5) rapid lateral and vertical changes in biofacies, reflecting complex depositional systems in fault-block basins; (6) insular biotas with relatively high levels of endemism; (7) complex paleobiogeographic affinities expressed in assemblages that comprise mixtures of taxa from different faunal regions; and (8) relict biotas that may represent the protracted survival of some organisms in island refugia.Because many accreted islands are poorly preserved and highly deformed, recognizing these distinctive features in oceanic island faunas enhances identification of allochthonous volcanic arcs, seamounts, atolls, and hot-spot islands in the ancient geologic record. Using fossils to identify islands in accreted terranes is especially important when island origins of strata are suspected but difficult to prove because calc-alkaline volcano-plutonic rocks or derivative volcanogenic and quartz-poor siliciclastic deposits are absent or not exposed. Hence, relying on fossils to recognize oceanic islands that survived destructive tectonic processes offers an expanded list of geologic criteria to aid in reconstructing plate boundaries marking ancient zones of convergence and to use in unraveling the tectonic history of ocean basins recorded in suspect terranes.
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Dóniz-Páez, Javier, Esther Beltrán-Yanes, Rafael Becerra-Ramírez, Nemesio M. Pérez, Pedro A. Hernández, and William Hernández. "Diversity of Volcanic Geoheritage in the Canary Islands, Spain." Geosciences 10, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10100390.
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Volcanic areas create spectacular landscapes that contain a great diversity of geoheritage. The study of this geoheritage enables us to inventory, characterise, protect and manage its geodiversity. The Canary Islands are a group of subtropical active volcanic oceanic islands with a great variety of magma types and eruption dynamics that give rise to a wide diversity of volcanic features and processes. The aim of this paper is to identify, for the first time, the diversity of volcanic geoheritage of the Canary Islands and to appraise the protection thereof. To this end, a geomorphological classification is proposed, taking into account the features and processes directly related to volcanism, such as those resulting from erosion and sedimentary processes. The main findings demonstrate that the volcanic geoheritage of the Canary Islands is extremely varied and that this geodiversity is safeguarded by regional, national and, international protection and management frameworks. Even so, and given the enormous pressure of coastal tourism on the coastlines of the islands, we believe that continuing efforts should be made to conserve and manage their volcanic and non-volcanic geoheritage, so that these places can continue to be enjoyed in the form of geotourism.
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Liu, Xin, and Dapeng Zhao. "Seismic evidence for a plume-modified oceanic lithosphere–asthenosphere system beneath Cape Verde." Geophysical Journal International 225, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 872–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab012.
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SUMMARY We determine a new 3-D shear wave velocity (Vs) model down to 400 km depth beneath the Cape Verde hotspot that is far from plate boundaries. This Vs model is obtained by using a new method of jointly inverting P- and S-wave receiver functions, Rayleigh-wave phase-velocity data and S-wave arrival times of teleseismic events. Two Vs discontinuities at ∼15 and ∼60 km depths are revealed beneath volcanic islands, which are interpreted as the Moho discontinuity and the Gutenberg (G) discontinuity. Between the north and south islands, obvious high-Vs anomalies exist in the uppermost mantle down to a depth of ∼100–150 km beneath the Atlantic Ocean, whereas obvious low-Vs anomalies exist in the uppermost mantle beneath the volcanic islands including the active Fogo volcano. These low-Vs anomalies merge into a significant column-like low-Vs zone at depths of ∼150–400 km beneath the Cape Verde swell. We propose that these features in the upper mantle reflect a plume-modified oceanic lithosphere–asthenosphere system beneath the Cape Verde hotspot.
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Johnson, Markes E., and B. Gudveig Baarli. "Charles Darwin in the Cape Verde and Galápagos archipelagos: The role of serendipity in development of theories on the ups and downs of oceanic islands." Earth Sciences History 34, no. 2 (January 1, 2015): 220–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-34.2.220.
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The 1831–1836 voyage of H.M.S. Beagle under Captain Robert FitzRoy launched Charles Darwin's entry into the world of geology with two pioneering publications on oceanic islands to his credit. Best known is Darwin's 1842 contribution on the theory of atoll development from the subsidence of volcanic islands and coeval upward growth of coral reefs. This work can be linked, in part, to the ten days during which the Beagle visited the Keeling (Cocos) Islands. The subsequent and lesser known of Darwin's parallel contributions is his 1844 summary on all the volcanic islands visited during the expedition, including Santiago (Cape Verde Islands), Terceira (Azores), St. Paul's Rocks, Fernando Noronha, Ascension, St. Helena, the Galápagos Islands, Tahiti, and Mauritius. Ostensibly, the centerpiece of the 1844 volume is Darwin's extensive coverage of Ascension based on the five days spent there in 1836. However, Darwin had many more days at his disposal in the Galápagos and ‘St. Jago’ (Santiago), where the Beagle stopped in the Cape Verde Islands at the outset and again near the end of the voyage. The volcanic islands where Darwin spent the most time were in the Galápagos (thirty-five days) and the Cape Verdes (twenty-nine days). In particular, those island groups make an interesting comparison with respect to the development of Darwin's ideas on tectonic uplift based on basalt flows with inter-bedded limestone formations. Chance played a huge role in what Darwin saw and did not see during his island travels. The initial visit to the Cape Verde islands was instrumental in shaping Darwin's earliest vision of a book on volcanic islands, but his time there was entirely fortuitous due to a forced change in FitzRoy's plan for a stay in the Canary Islands. Although Darwin was on the look out for limestone formations in the Galápagos islands comparable to those on Santiago in the Cape Verdes, he missed finding them due only to the vagaries of FitzRoy's charting schedule in the Galápagos. This overview looks at limestone distribution in the Cape Verde and Galápagos archipelagos as now understood and speculates on how a wider knowledge of both regions may have influenced Darwin's thinking on global patterns of island uplift and subsidence.
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Embry, Ashton F., and Kirk G. Osadetz. "Stratigraphy and tectonic significance of Cretaceous volcanism in the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Canadian Arctic Archipelago." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 8 (August 1, 1988): 1209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-118.
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Cretaceous volcanic rocks, which consist mainly of basalt flows and pyroclastic rocks, occur on northern Ellesmere Island, Axel Heiberg Island, and northernmost Amund Ringnes Island as part of the Sverdrup Basin succession. Volcanic rocks are associated with each of four regional transgressive–regressive (T–R) cycles that constitute the Cretaceous clastic succession of Sverdrup Basin and are of Valanginian – early Barremian, late Barremian – Aptian, latest Aptian – early Cenomanian, and late Cenomanian – Maastrichtian age; the volcanic component of each increases northward. The centre of volcanism appears to have been north of Ellesmere Island and is interpreted as the site of a mantle plume that was active throughout the Cretaceous.Most of the volcanic activity took place from Hauterivian to early Cenomanian (T–R cycles 1–3) and was accompanied by widespread sill and dyke intrusion. This activity coincided with the main rifting phase of the adjacent oceanic Canada Basin and with minor crustal extension in the Sverdrup Basin. From late Cenomanian to Campanian, volcanism was restricted to the extreme northeast, and trachytes and rhyolites were extruded along with basalts. This volcanic succession is interpreted as being the southern limit of Alpha Ridge, a major volcanic edifice that formed as a hot-spot track across Canada Basin during sea-floor spreading in Late Cretaceous.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Volcanic oceanic islands"
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Palmiotto, Camilla <1985>. "Transform Tectonics and Non-Volcanic Oceanic Islands." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6472/.
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Oceanic islands can be divided, according to their origin, in volcanic and tectonic. Volcanic islands are due to excess volcanism. Tectonic islands are mainly formed due to vertical tectonic motions of blocks of oceanic lithosphere along transverse ridges flanking transform faults at slow and ultraslow mid-ocean ridges. Vertical tectonic motions are due to a reorganization of the geometry of the transform plate boundary, with the transition from a transcurrent tectonics to a transtensive and/or transpressive tectonics, with the formation of the transverse ridges. Tectonic islands can be located also at the ridge–transform intersection: in this case the uplift is due by the movement of the long-lived detachment faults located along the flanks of the mid-ocean ridges.
The "Vema" paleoisland (equatorial Atlantic) is at the summit of the southern transverse ridge of the Vema transform. It is now 450 m bsl and it is capped by a carbonate platform 500 m-thick, dated by 87Sr/86Sr at 10 Ma. Three tectonic paleoislands are on the summit of the transverse ridge flanking the Romanche megatrasform (equatorial Atlantic). They are now about 1,000 m bsl and they are formed by 300 m-thick carbonate platforms dated by 87Sr/86Sr, between 11 and 6 Ma. The tectonic paleoisland “Atlantis Bank" is located in the South-Western Indian Ridge, along the Atlantis II transform, and it is today 700 m bsl. The only modern example of oceanic tectonics island is the St. Paul Rocks (equatorial Atlantic), located along the St. Paul transform. This archipelago is the top of a peridotitic massif that it is now a left overstep undergoing transpression.
Oceanic volcanic islands are characterized by rapid growth and subsequent thermal subsidence and drowning; in contrast, oceanic tectonic islands may have one or more stages of emersion related to vertical tectonic events along the large oceanic fracture zones.
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Maund, J. G. "The volcanic geology, petrology and geochemistry of Caldeira volcano, Graciosa, Azores, and its bearing on contemporaneous felsic-mafic oceanic island volcanism." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370121.
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Pedrazzi, Dario. "Hydrmagmatic monogenetic volcanism in continental and oceanic island enronments." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/229382.
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Monogenetic volcanism is characterized by a large diversity of eruptive styles, morphologies and deposits. Monogenetic landforms are the result of a complex merging of internal (magma composition, vesiculation) and external (geological setting, fracturation, hydrogeology, substrate stratigraphy, etc) parameters that govern the physics of the eruptions. Changes in these parameters may cause variations in the eruption style several times during the course of such short-lived volcanoes. Monogenetic volcanoes may form in any type of geological environment with scoria cones being the most common volcano type and hydrovolcanic tuff rings, tuff cones, and maars as the second in abundance. These small-volume volcanoes are generally the result of short-lived eruptions but the activity in a monogenetic volcanic field might exceed the total life of composite volcanoes.
The attention of this work was focused on the relation between monogenetic volcanic landforms and the external variables that influenced the dynamics of the eruptions (i.e. magmatism vs phreatomagmatism) through a multidisciplinary perspective, in marine and continental geological settings under which monogenetic volcanism may develop.
Different case studies representative of this type of activity and of these different environments have been considered. The first one corresponds to the La Crosa De Sant Dalmai volcano (Garrotxa Volcanic Field, southern sector of the Catalan Volcanic Zone), a roughly circular asymmetrical maar-diatreme volcano, which is one of the most characteristic volcanic edifices of this continental monogenetic volcanic field and the largest Quaternary volcanic crater on the Iberian Peninsula. This edifice is an example of monogenetic landform, mostly composed of phreatomagmatic deposits with subordinate Strombolian phases, constructed on a mixed basement made of hard Paleozoic granites and schists rocks and soft Plio-Quaternary deposits. Here, I reconstructed the hydrogeological conditions of the substrate and the implication for the eruptive dynamics. As a second case study, I carried out detailed stratigraphic and sedimentological studies of the succession of El Golfo tuff cone (Lanzarote, Canary Islands). The main objective of the work was to describe in detail the structure and association of facies of this edifice and use this information to infer changes in eruption style and depositional processes. Another type of eruption was studied in the same archipelago at El Hierro, an island essentially characterized by basaltic volcanism with both Strombolian and Hawaiian activity. Here I reported the stratigraphic, lithological, sedimentological and petrographic characteristics of a felsic hydrovolcanic episode in order to discuss, transport/depositional mechanisms, dynamics, relative age and implications for hazard assessment on the island. Finally, the same type of methodology was applied at Deception Island (Southern Shetland Archipelago, Antarctica), determining the lithological and sedimentological characteristics, and clasts distribution (isopach and isopleth maps) of the eruption of 1970. This information was, then, used to determine depositional processes, eruption style and physical parameters (i.e. plume height, erupted volume, VEI) of the eruption in order to compare this episode with the previous 1967 episode, and to deduce their implications to conduct hazard assessment at the island.
Each work represents a diverse aspect of hydrovolcanism and the results obtained helped to better understand the eruptive behavior of this type of volcanoes, which is a fundamental task in order to understand the possible future hazards associated with this type of volcanism. The results obtained can be applied to monogenetic volcanic fields worldwide and are, therefore, useful to reconstruct the evolution of a certain volcanic fields, through the study of single monogenetic volcanoes, and to evaluate the possible volcanic hazards, as similar eruptions represent a serious threat, which is often underestimated. A more systematic study is, thus, needed in order to understand the role of shallow-level conditions in the formation of specific volcano types in such complex volcanic fields.El vulcanismo monogenético se caracteriza por una gran diversidad de estilos eruptivos, morfologías y depósitos. Los tipos de edificios que se forman son el resultado de una compleja combinación de parámetros que rigen la física de la erupción. La atención de este trabajo se centra en la relación entre los edificios volcánicos monogenéticos y las variables externas que influyen en la dinámica de las erupciones (es decir, magmatismo vs freatomagmatismo) a través de un punto de vista multidisciplinar, en ambientes continentales y marinos en los que el vulcanismo puede desarrollar. Diferentes estudios, representativos de este tipo de actividad en diferentes entornos geográficos y geológicos, se han llevado a cabo. El primer ejemplo corresponde al volcán de La Crosa de Sant Dalmai (Campo Volcánico de La Garrotxa) donde se han reconstruido las condiciones hidrogeológicas del sustrato y la implicación para la dinámica eruptiva. Como segundo caso de estudio, se ha realizado una estratigrafía de detalle del cono de toba de El Golfo (Lanzarote, Islas Canarias), donde se han estudiado los mecanismos de emplazamiento de los depósitos para inferir cambios en la interacción magma/agua. Otro tipo de erupción se ha investigado en el mismo archipiélago, en la Isla de El Hierro, determinando las características físicas de un episodio félsico de origen hidrovolcánico ocurrido en una isla que se caracteriza esencialmente por el vulcanismo basáltico tanto Estromboliano como Hawaiiano. Por último, este mismo tipo de metodología se ha aplicado a la Isla Decepción (archipiélago de las Shetland del Sur, Antártida), estableciendo los parámetros físicos de la erupción del 1970 con el fin de comparar este episodio con el evento anterior del 1967, y deducir sus consecuencias para llevar a cabo la evaluación de peligrosidad en la isla. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser aplicados a campos volcánicos monogenéticos en todo el mundo y, por tanto, son útiles para reconstruir la evolución de ciertos campos volcánicos, a través del estudio de volcanes monogenéticos individuales, para evaluar los posibles riesgos volcánicos, teniendo en cuenta como erupciones similares representan una grave amenaza, que es a menudo subestimada.
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Dávila, Harris Pablo. "Explosive ocean-island volcanism : the 1.8–0.7 Ma explosive eruption history of Cañadas volcano recorded by the pyroclastic successions around Adeje and Abona, southern Tenerife, Canary Islands." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9931.
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The 1.8 to 0.7 Ma explosive eruption history of Las Cañadas volcano is recorded by the pyroclastic stratigraphy of southern Tenerife. A large pyroclastic apron is well exposed in the Bandas del Sur. It is divided into two regions, Adeje (southwest) and Abona (southeast). The lower stratigraphy of both successions is described here for the first time, and is divided into soil-bound eruption-units. The lithofacies record repeated phonolite explosive eruptions involving Plinian eruption columns and ignimbrite emplacement, with sedimentary reworking and soilification during repose intervals. The southwestern pyroclastic apron of Cañadas, around Adeje, includes eleven eruption-units, with one explosive eruption every 24,300–31,200 years. Two major unconformities are identified in this region, each representing ~0.6 myr hiatuses. The southeastern pyroclastic apron, around Abona, reveals nine newly discovered phonolitic eruption-units, eight of which are dated by 40Ar/39Ar. The eruptions span 1.6 Ma, and occurred with frequencies averaging one per 21,000 years to one per 79,556 years. The deposits include welded and non-welded ignimbrites and numerous fallout layers. Documentation of the ‘lower’ Bandas del Sur Group allows the entire pyroclastic record of southeast Tenerife to be constrained for the first time: over 18 explosive eruptions occurred during the past 1.6 myr, of which 7 may have been caldera-forming. Eruption frequencies cluster and are separated by unconformities that span from 184,000–563,000 years. A debris-avalanche deposit was discovered on the southeast flank of Cañadas. It records a catastrophic landslide, the Abona landslide, triggered by a phonolite explosive eruption 735 ± 5 ka ago. The Abona debris-avalanche deposit is enclosed between pyroclastic units of the Helecho Formation, and represents a single eruptionunit. Debris avalanche block and mixed facies, and a hummocky topography that dammed small ephemeral perched lakes, are exceptionally well-preserved. Limited disruption and mixing, and a general absence of clast segregation within the deposit, indicate that the landslide did not move as a rapid granular flow. The debris-block characteristics indicate that pervasive shattering and microbrecciation occurred progressively during transport, and were accompanied by limited shear, mixing and substrate erosion during predominantly laminar emplacement of a dilated, but essentially solid, shearing mass. The deposit is the only precisely dated giant landslide on Tenerife and provides the first unequivocal evidence of an eruption trigger on an ocean-island volcano.
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Titjen, Jeremy Quentin. "Tertiary limestones and sedimentary dykes on Chatham Islands, southwest Pacific Ocean, New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2411.
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The Chatham Islands are located in the SW Pacific Ocean, approximately 850 km to the east of the South Island of New Zealand. This small group of islands is situated near the eastern margin of the Chatham Rise, an elongated section of submerged continental crust that represents part of the Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic Gondwana accretionary margin. The location and much of the geology of the Chatham Islands are attributed to intra-plate basaltic volcanism, initiated during the Late Cretaceous, in association with development of a failed rifting system to the south of the Chatham Rise. Despite the volcanic nature of much of the geology, the majority of the Cenozoic sedimentary stratigraphic record on the islands comprises non-tropical skeletal carbonate deposits whose deposition was often coeval with submarine volcanics and volcaniclastic deposits. This has resulted in complex stratigraphic relationships, with the volcanic geology exerting a strong influence on the geometry and distribution of the carbonate deposits. These limestones, despite some general field descriptions, have been little studied and are especially poorly understood from a petrographic and diagenetic perspective. The carbonate geology in detail comprises eleven discrete limestone units of Late Cretaceous through to Pleistocene age which were studied during two consecutive field expeditions over the summers of 2005 and 2006. These limestone occurrences are best exposed in scattered coastal outcrops where they form prominent rugged bluffs. While many of the younger (Oligocene to Pliocene) outcrops comprise of poorly exposed, thin and eroded limestone remnants (it;5 m thick), older (Late Paleocene to Early Oligocene) exposures can be up to 100 m in thickness. The character of these limestones is highly variable. In outcrop they display a broad range of textures and skeletal compositions, often exhibit cross-bedding, display differing degrees of porosity occlusion by cementation, and may include rare silicified horizons and evidence of hardground formation. Petrographically the limestones are skeletal grainstones and packstones with a typical compositional makeup of about 70% skeletal material, 10% siliciclasts, and 20% cement/matrix. Localised increases in siliciclastics occur where the carbonates are diluted by locally-derived volcaniclastics. The spectrum of skeletal assemblages identified within the Chatham Island limestones is diverse and appears in many cases to be comparable to the bryozoan dominant types common in mainland New Zealand and mid-latitude Australian cool-water carbonates in general. However, some key departures from the expected cool-water carbonate skeletal makeup have been identified in this study. The occurrence of stromatolitic algal mats in Late Cretaceous and Early Eocene carbonate deposits indicates not cool-temperate, but certainly warm-temperate paleoclimatic conditions. A change to cool-temperate conditions is recorded in the limestone flora/fauna from the mid-Late Miocene times following the development and later northward movement of the Subtropical Front. An uncharacteristic mix of shallow-shelf (bryozoans) and deeper water fauna (planktic foraminifera), together with their highly fragmented and abraded nature, is indicative of the likely remobilisation and redistribution of carbonate, primarily during episodic storm events. The Chatham Islands limestones formed within the relative tectonic stability of an oceanic island setting, which was conducive to ongoing carbonate accumulation throughout much of the Cenozoic. This contrasts markedly with other mainland New Zealand shelf carbonates which formed over sporadic and short-lived geological periods, experiencing greater degrees of burial cementation controlled by a relatively more active tectonic setting. As a consequence of the tectonically stable setting, the Chatham Islands limestones have experienced little burial and exhibit a paucity of burial cementation effects. They remain commonly soft and friable. Detailed petrographic investigations have shown the limestones are variably cemented by rare uneven acicular spar fringes, poorly to well-developed syntaxial rim cements about echinoderm fragments, and equant/blocky microsparite. Staining of thin sections and cathodoluminescence petrography show these spar cement generations are non-ferroan and their very dull- to non-luminescent nature supports precipitation from Mn-poor oxygenated waters, likely of an either meteoric or combined marine/shallow burial origin. Micrite is the dominant intra- and inter-particle pore fill and occurs both as a microbioclastic matrix and as precipitated homogenous and/or micropeloidal cement. The rare fringing cements often seen in association with homogenous and/or micropeloidal micrite may be indicative of true early marine (seafloor) cement precipitation and localised hardground development. An interesting feature of the geology of the Chatham Islands is the occurrence of carbonate material within sedimentary dykes. The locations of the dykes are in association with volcanic and volcaniclastic deposits. Similarities between dyke characteristics at Red Bluff on Chatham Island with mainland occurrences from East Coast and Canterbury Basins (North and South Islands, respectively) on mainland New Zealand have been recognised. They show complex structures including sidewall striations, internal flow structures as revealed by grain sorting, and extra-clast inclusions of previous fill lithologies which are characteristic of carbonate injection. This is in contrast to other dykes which are known to be of a passive fill origin. Multiple phases of carbonate sediment injection can be recognised by crosscutting relationships enabling the determination of a parasequence of events. Possible injection mechanisms are most likely associated with sediment overloading or hydrothermal pressurisation associated with emplacement of submarine volcanics. The Chatham Islands provide an exciting example of a geologically unique and complex non-tropical carbonate depositional setting. The production of carbonates is controlled by volcanic and volcaniclastic sediment input with the types of carbonate deposits and water depth variations related to thermal uplift/subsidence in association with global eustatic sealevel and temperature changes associated with development of Southern Ocean water fronts from the Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic. Carbonate deposition on the Chatham Islands is considered to relate to a rather variable and small scale oceanic, high energy, cool-water carbonate ramp setting whose geometry was continually evolving/changing as a consequence of periodic volcanic episodes.
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Fuchs, Parveen [Verfasser]. "Petrogenesis of basanite-phonolite series of an oceanic intraplate volcano : combining experimental data and field observations ; experimental constraints on the magma storage conditions and melt evolution of the Cumbre Vieja volcano (La Palma, Canary Islands) / Parveen Fuchs." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2015. http://d-nb.info/1070284955/34.
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Tempera, Fernando. "Benthic habitats of the extended Faial Island shelf and their relationship to geologic, oceanographic and infralittoral biologic features." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/726.
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This thesis presents a new template for multidisciplinary habitat mapping that combines the analyses of seafloor geomorphology, oceanographic proxies and modelling of associated biologic features. High resolution swath bathymetry of the Faial and western Pico shelves is used to present the first state-of-the-art geomorphologic assessment of submerged island shelves in the Azores. Solid seafloor structures are described in previously unreported detail together with associated volcanic, tectonic and erosion processes. The large sedimentary expanses identified in the area are also investigated and the large bedforms identified are discussed in view of new data on the local hydrodynamic conditions. Coarse-sediment zones of types hitherto unreported for volcanic island shelves are described using swath data and in situ imagery together with sub-bottom profiles and grainsize information. The hydrodynamic and geological processes producing these features are discussed. New oceanographic information extracted from satellite imagery is presented including yearly and seasonal sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration fields. These are used as proxies to understand the spatio-temporal variability of water temperature and primary productivity in the immediate island vicinity. The patterns observed are discussed, including onshore-offshore gradients and the prevalence of colder/more productive waters in the Faial-Pico passage and shelf areas in general. Furthermore, oceanographic proxies for swell exposure and tidal currents are derived from GIS analyses and shallow-water hydrographic modelling. Finally, environmental variables that potentially regulate the distribution of benthic organisms (seafloor nature, depth, slope, sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, swell exposure and maximum tidal currents) are brought together and used to develop innovative statistical models of the distribution of six macroalgae taxa dominant in the infralittoral (articulated Corallinaceae, Codium elisabethae, Dictyota spp., Halopteris filicina, Padina pavonica and Zonaria tournefortii). Predictive distributions of these macroalgae are spatialized around Faial island using ordered logistic regression equations and raster fields of the explanatory variables found to be statistically significant. This new approach represents a potentially highly significant step forward in modelling benthic communities not only in the Azores but also in other oceanic island shelves where the management of benthic species and biotopes is critical to preserve ecosystem health.
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Kipf, Andrea [Verfasser]. "Enigmatic Intraplate Volcanism : a geochronological and geochemical approach for the Marie Byrd Seamounts (Antarctica) and the Christmas Island Seamount Province (Indian Ocean) / Andrea Kipf." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1144955165/34.
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Lénat, Jean-François. "Structure et dynamique internes d'un volcan basaltique intraplaque oceanique : le piton de la fournaise (ile de la reunion)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF2E394.
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Evolution de l'ile de la reunion, exemple de volcanisme intraplaque, plus particulierement du piton de la fournaise ou au cours des 500 000 dernieres annees, la tectonique d'effondrement a ete sub-continue et s'est manifestee par des caldeiras. Leur migration marque un deplacement des reservoirs dans l'edifice. Le glissement du grand brule semble sub-contemporain de la phase d'effondrement de l'enclos. L'activite recente est concentree sur le cone central a sa base et le long des rifts zones. Les transferts de magma entre les zones profondes et le reservoir superficiel ne sont pas continus. Les donnees de surveillance, depuis 1980 permettent de caracteriser les phenomenes precurseurs des eruptions et les mecanismes des intrusions et de la fracturation. Les consequences volcanotectoniques des deformations remanentes associees aux intrusions frequentes dans la zone centrale sont etudiees en terme de prevision et de l'evolution du volcan a moyen terme
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Boulesteix, Thomas. "Age, récurrence et mécanismes de déstabilisation des flancs des volcans océaniques d'après l'exemple de Tenerife (iles Canaries)." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112174/document.
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La croissance des volcans océaniques est fréquemment ponctuée par des effondrements latéraux géants qui peuvent générer des avalanches de débris volumineuses et engendrer des tsunamis dévastateurs. Néanmoins, les causes, les mécanismes et les conséquences de telles déstabilisations, critiques pour la caractérisation des aléas, demeurent largement incompris.L'île de Tenerife (Canaries, Espagne) constitue une cible privilégiée pour étudier ces phénomènes. Son évolution récente inclue le développement d'un volcan central différencié et d'une ride volcanique proéminente le long d'une rift-zone principale NE-SW (NERZ). Durant le dernier Myr, ces systèmes ont été tronqués par trois effondrements de flanc géants, dont la semelle est partiellement accessible à la faveur de galeries souterraines à usage hydrogéologique.Cette thèse développe une analyse systématique des relations entre construction volcanique et instabilités récurrentes le long de l’axe de la NERZ. L'approche inclut des investigations de terrain en surface et dans les galeries, afin de reconnaître et d’échantillonner les séquences volcaniques affectées par chaque effondrement et remplissant leurs structures; la datation K/Ar Cassignol-Gillot sur phases séparées pour en contraindre l’âge précisément ; des reconstructions morphologiques 3D afin d'estimer le volume des édifices et des structures gravitaires; des analyses chimiques sur roches totales, visant à caractériser l’évolution de la composition des laves avant et après chaque déstabilisation.Les nouveaux résultats montrent le fonctionnement intermittent des différents tronçons la NERZ, avec un schéma récurrent comprenant :1) la croissance rapide d'un édifice imposant, dont la charge induit la création de niveaux de stockage superficiels et l’éruption de termes différenciés visqueux, favorisant l'inflation locale de la structure et sa déstabilisation2) la rupture proprement dite, datée à environ 840 ka, 525 ka et 175 ka (glissements de Güimar, La Orotava et Icod, respectivement)3) une réponse éruptive immédiate, impliquant la vidange rapide (<50kyr) du système d’alimentation, et le comblement des loupes de glissement sous des dizaines de km3 de lave.4) Un déplacement consécutif de la construction volcanique vers les secteurs moins matures de la NERZ (moindre épaisseur de l'édifice/moindre pression lithostatique)Nous montrons que les phénomènes de charge/décharge ont une influence primordiale sur le développement des instabilités gravitaires et l'évolution des systèmes d'alimentation des îles océaniquesThe growth of oceanic volcanoes is frequently punctuated by large flank collapses, which can generate voluminous debris avalanches and destructive tsunamis. The causes, the mechanisms and the consequences of such instabilities, crucial for risk assessment, remain poorly understood.Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) is a target of particular interest to study such phenomena. Its recent evolution includes the development of a large silicic central volcano and a prominent volcanic ridge along a main NE-SW trending rift zone (NERZ). During the last Myr, these volcanic systems have been truncated by three large flank collapses, the base of which is partly accessible through underground water mining galleries.This thesis develops a systematic analysis of the relationships between volcanic construction and recurrent flank instabilities along the NERZ. Our approach includes field investigations at the surface and in the galleries to identify and sample the volcanic units affected by each landslide and the successions filling their scar; unspiked K/Ar dating (Cassignol-Gillot technique) on fresh separated groundmass to constrain precisely the timing of the landslides; 3-D morphological reconstructions to estimate the volume of the edifices and landslides structures; and whole-rock geochemical analyses to characterize the compositional evolution of the magma prior to and after each collapse event.Our new results show the intermittent functioning of the various sections of the NERZ with a recurrent pattern comprising:(1) The rapid construction of a large volcanic edifice. The resulting load favors the creation of superficial storage levels, the associated evolution of the magma and the eruption of viscous differentiated terms, favoring local inflation of the structure and its destabilization(2) The collapse of a flank of the NERZ, dated at ca. 840 ka, 525 ka, and 175 ka (Güimar, La Orotava and Icod, events respectively)(3) An immediate eruptive response, implying the rapid emptying (<50kyr) of the feeding system and the filling of the landslide scars under tens of km3 of lava.(4) The subsequent displacement of volcanic activity towards the less mature sectors (lower thickness/lower lithostatic pressure).We show here that loading/unloading processes have a strong influence on the development of gravitational instabilities and the evolution of the magma feeding systems on such large intraplate volcanic islands
Books on the topic "Volcanic oceanic islands"
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The burning island: A journey through myth and history in the volcano country, Hawai'i. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1991.
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Gajdusek, D. Carleton. Valokeilaluento and Arctic Saami to Stone Age AWYU victims of ALS/PD on the Upper Edera in West New Guinea and from volcanic Atlantic Islands to Jamaica and Cuba, the Gobi Desert, and Siberia in an attempted escape from senility into the Arctic, Oceania, and East Asia, January 1, 1993 to December 31, 1993. [Bethesda, Md.]: Laboratory of Central Nervous System Studies, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 1996.
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Sheppard, Charles. 2. Ancient reefs and islands. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199682775.003.0002.
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‘Ancient reefs and islands’ illustrates that the present day ecology and organization of species on a reef and their behaviour—basically how a reef works—is the result of a very long heritage. Limestone-deposited structures of the Pre-Cambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, and Cretaceous periods, the organisms that created them (including ancestors of today’s sponges and corals), and key extinctions are described along with the three different kinds of coral islands seen around the tropical world: coral cays, islands with a solid limestone core, and volcanic or basaltic islands fringed with coral reef. The future of current reef systems, the effects of ocean changes, and the resulting impact on humanity are considered.
Book chapters on the topic "Volcanic oceanic islands"
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Whittaker, Robert J., Kostas A. Triantis, and Richard J. Ladle. "A General Dynamic Theory of Oceanic Island Biogeography: Extending the MacArthur- Wilson Theory to Accommodate the Rise and Fall of Volcanic Islands." In The Theory of Island Biogeography Revisited, edited by Jonathan B. Losos and Robert E. Ricklefs, 88–115. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400831920.88.
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Schmincke, Hans-Ulrich, and Mari Sumita. "Instability of Oceanic Volcanic Edifices: Examples of Sector Collapse, Debris Avalanches, and Debris Flows from Gran Canaria (Canary Islands)." In Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences, 605–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00972-8_54.
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Lénat, J. F., and P. Bachèlery. "Dynamics of Magma Transfer at Piton de la Fournaise Volcano (Réunion Island, Indian Ocean)." In Modeling of Volcanic Processes, 57–72. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-89414-4_2.
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Morin, Julie, Patrick Bachèlery, Hamidi Soulé, and Hamidou Nassor. "Volcanic Risk and Crisis Management on Grande Comore Island." In Active Volcanoes of the Southwest Indian Ocean, 403–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31395-0_25.
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Jefferson, Anne J., Ken L. Ferrier, J. Taylor Perron, and Ricardo Ramalho. "Controls on the Hydrological and Topographic Evolution of Shield Volcanoes and Volcanic Ocean Islands." In The Galápagos, 185–213. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118852538.ch10.
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Nave, Rosella, Tullio Ricci, and Maria Giuseppina Pacilli. "Perception of Risk for Volcanic Hazard in Indian Ocean: La Réunion Island Case Study." In Active Volcanoes of the Southwest Indian Ocean, 315–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31395-0_19.
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Bitschene, P. R., J. Dehn, K. W. Mehl, and H. U. Schmincke. "Explosive Ocean Island Volcanism and Seamount Evolution in the Central Indian Ocean (Kerguelen Plateau)." In Synthesis of Results from Scientific Drilling in the Indian Ocean, 105–13. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm070p0105.
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Lénat, J. F. "Patterns of Volcanic Activity of Piton de la Fournaise (Réunion Island, Indian Ocean). A Synthesis Based on Monitoring Data Between 1980 and July 1985, and on Historic Records Since 1930." In IAVCEI Proceedings in Volcanology, 312–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73759-6_19.
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King, Lisa M. "Geotourism in the Hawaiian Islands." In Geotourism: the tourism of geology and landscape. Goodfellow Publishers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-906884-09-3-1087.
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Situated almost in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, the Hawaiian Islands are not only one of the most isolated places in the world (Juvic and Juvic, 1998), but also one of one of the most isolated places in the world (Juvic and Juvic, 1998), but also one of the best known. Hawaii's acclaimed natural attractions stem from its volcanic origins - tall mountains deeply eroded by tropical rains and waterfalls into rugged gorges and valleys, a spectacular backdrop for world-class beaches, dramatic volcanic landscapes and forests. The state consists of six main islands: Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Lanai and Hawaii Island, also known as the Big Island. Two lesser known islands, Niihau and Kahoolawe, are not open to conventional tourism. Tens of smaller, much older islands, northwest of the main island chain, are protected by-and-large within the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument.
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McGuire, Bill. "4. The enemy within." In Global Catastrophes: A Very Short Introduction, 64–87. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198715931.003.0004.
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‘The Enemy Within’ begins with volcanic super-eruptions and their devastating consequences such as the 1815 eruption of volcano Tambora in Indonesia, and ancient eruptions in Yellowstone, USA, and Toba, northern Sumatra. Volcanic explositivity index, eruption magnitude, and eruption intensity are explained. Volcanic landslides in Hawaii and the Canary Islands will, in the future, result in giant tsunamis wreaking havoc around the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean rims. But when will they happen? Finally, the fate of industrial cities, such as Tokyo, located near active fault-lines and in earthquake zone, and the resultant effects on the world economy are considered.
Conference papers on the topic "Volcanic oceanic islands"
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Tanaka, Kentaro, Tsubasa Miki, Naoto Takahata, Ryu Uemura, Ryuji Asami, Tsai-Luen Yu, Chuan-Chou Shen, et al. "Speleothem as Archive of Past Volcanism: Impact of Kikai Volcano Eruption (7.3 ka) on a Remote Oceanic Island." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2547.
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Geist, Dennis. "On Mike Garcia’s Contributions to the Understanding of Ocean-Island Volcanism." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.812.
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Motohashi, Ginta, Kohtaro Ujiie, and Takashi Sano. "Oceanic Alkaline Volcanism Recorded in Basaltic Blocks of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Accretionary Complex in Amami–Oshima Island, Ryukyu Arc." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1855.
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Dziak, Robert P., Jongkuk Hong, Seung-Goo Kang, Tai-Kwan Lau, Joseph H. Haxel, and Haruyoshi Matsumoto. "The Balleny Island hydrophone array: Hydro-acoustic records of sea-ice dynamics, seafloor volcano-tectonic activity, and marine mammal vocalizations off Antarctica." In OCEANS 2017 - Aberdeen. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanse.2017.8084571.
Full textReports on the topic "Volcanic oceanic islands"
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Tweet, Justin S., Vincent L. Santucci, Kenneth Convery, Jonathan Hoffman, and Laura Kirn. Channel Islands National Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2278664.
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Channel Island National Park (CHIS), incorporating five islands off the coast of southern California (Anacapa Island, San Miguel Island, Santa Barbara Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island), has an outstanding paleontological record. The park has significant fossils dating from the Late Cretaceous to the Holocene, representing organisms of the sea, the land, and the air. Highlights include: the famous pygmy mammoths that inhabited the conjoined northern islands during the late Pleistocene; the best fossil avifauna of any National Park Service (NPS) unit; intertwined paleontological and cultural records extending into the latest Pleistocene, including Arlington Man, the oldest well-dated human known from North America; calichified “fossil forests”; records of Miocene desmostylians and sirenians, unusual sea mammals; abundant Pleistocene mollusks illustrating changes in sea level and ocean temperature; one of the most thoroughly studied records of microfossils in the NPS; and type specimens for 23 fossil taxa. Paleontological research on the islands of CHIS began in the second half of the 19th century. The first discovery of a mammoth specimen was reported in 1873. Research can be divided into four periods: 1) the few early reports from the 19th century; 2) a sustained burst of activity in the 1920s and 1930s; 3) a second burst from the 1950s into the 1970s; and 4) the modern period of activity, symbolically opened with the 1994 discovery of a nearly complete pygmy mammoth skeleton on Santa Rosa Island. The work associated with this paleontological resource inventory may be considered the beginning of a fifth period. Fossils were specifically mentioned in the 1938 proclamation establishing what was then Channel Islands National Monument, making CHIS one of 18 NPS areas for which paleontological resources are referenced in the enabling legislation. Each of the five islands of CHIS has distinct paleontological and geological records, each has some kind of fossil resources, and almost all of the sedimentary formations on the islands are fossiliferous within CHIS. Anacapa Island and Santa Barbara Island, the two smallest islands, are primarily composed of Miocene volcanic rocks interfingered with small quantities of sedimentary rock and covered with a veneer of Quaternary sediments. Santa Barbara stands apart from Anacapa because it was never part of Santarosae, the landmass that existed at times in the Pleistocene when sea level was low enough that the four northern islands were connected. San Miguel Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island have more complex geologic histories. Of these three islands, San Miguel Island has relatively simple geologic structure and few formations. Santa Cruz Island has the most varied geology of the islands, as well as the longest rock record exposed at the surface, beginning with Jurassic metamorphic and intrusive igneous rocks. The Channel Islands have been uplifted and faulted in a complex 20-million-year-long geologic episode tied to the collision of the North American and Pacific Places, the initiation of the San Andreas fault system, and the 90° clockwise rotation of the Transverse Ranges, of which the northern Channel Islands are the westernmost part. Widespread volcanic activity from about 19 to 14 million years ago is evidenced by the igneous rocks found on each island.
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Berndt, Christian. RV SONNE Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report SO277 OMAX: Offshore Malta Aquifer Exploration, Emden (Germany) – Emden (Germany), 14.08. – 03.10.2020. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/geomar_rep_ns_57_20.
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SO277 OMAX served two scientific projects. The objectives of the first project, SMART, were to develop multi-disciplinary methodologies to detect, quantify, and model offshore groundwater reservoirs in regions dominated by carbonate geology such as the Mediterranean Sea. To this end we acquired controlled-source electromagnetic, seismic, hydroacoustic, geochemical, seafloor imagery data off Malta. Preliminary evaluation of the geophysical data show that there are resisitivity anomalies that may represent offshore freshwater aquifers. The absence of evidence for offshore springs means that these aquifers would be confined and that it will be difficult to use them in a sustainable manner. The objective of the second project, MAPACT-ETNA, is to monitor the flank of Etna volcano on Sicily which is slowly deforming seaward. Here, we deployed six seafloor geodesy stations and six ocean bottom seismometers for long-term observation (1-3 years). In addition, we mapped the seafloor off Mt. Etna and off the island of Stromboli to constrain the geological processes that control volcanic flank stability.