Relevant bibliographies by topics / Volcanic Plain

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Academic literature on the topic 'Volcanic Plain'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Volcanic Plain"

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Young, Roger A., and James E. Lucas. "Exploration beneath volcanics: Snake River plain, Idaho." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 4 (April 1988): 444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442476.

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Coincident gravity, magnetotelluric (MT), and seismic reflection‐refraction surveys were conducted along a line traversing the boundary between the volcanic‐covered Eastern Snake River plain, Idaho, and the sediment‐covered Western overthrust belt, One‐dimensional MT and seismic refraction analysis away from the immediate boundary between sediments and volcanics successfully maps the depths to units of igneous and sedimentary—or metasedimentary—rock. Substantially different models of the volcanic‐covered terrain and of the sediment‐covered terrain are linked by a gravity anomaly and by an elongation and rotation of MT anisotropy ellipses which indicate a fault. Fault dip, depth extent, and motion are constrained by marked changes in the first‐arrival apparent velocities and by an electrical marker layer. The analysis shows that metasediments extend laterally at least 16 km beneath the volcanic cover. The two terrains are connected by a boundary zone which is a major normal fault.
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Mulyaningsih, Sri. "Cultural and geological heritage in time elapsed during historical Kingdoms in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia." Berita Sedimentologi 47, no. 3 (December 28, 2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.51835/bsed.2021.47.3.359.

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Yogyakarta, Indonesia is known for its kingdom government system for all its living history; since 8-10th century Mataram Hindu-Buddhist temples to the present Muslim Ngayogyokarto Hadiningrat. Those stretch of history resulted in many artefacts and chronicles. A cultural imaginary line that linking Merapi Volcano in the north and the Indian Ocean in the south through the Yogyakarta Palace in the middle has a sacral geo-cultural heritage, explaining a prosperity gentle volcanic town, a beautiful scheme of the open panoramic features with several temples standing on the plain and mountainous landscapes in between the rest of earthquakes and the volcanic eruptions. Many temples were partly buried under volcanic materials, and some others show evidence of being shaken several times by earthquakes. Boulders of volcanic materials varying in size and shapes are present in the plain of Yogyakarta, near Cangkiringan, Ngemplak and Ngaglik. Landslides exposed many geological features, such as faults, rock formation and stratigraphy, and some unstable slopes. Cultural and geological heritages at Yogyakarta Region were created over the time.
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Shervais, J. W., D. R. Schmitt, D. Nielson, J. P. Evans, E. H. Christiansen, L. Morgan, W. C. Pat Shanks, et al. "First Results from HOTSPOT: The Snake River Plain Scientific Drilling Project, Idaho, U.S.A." Scientific Drilling 15 (March 1, 2013): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-15-36-2013.

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HOTSPOT is an international collaborative effort to understand the volcanic history of the Snake River Plain (SRP). The SRP overlies a thermal anomaly, the Yellowstone-Snake River hotspot, that is thought to represent a deep-seated mantle plume under North America. The primary goal of this project is to document the volcanic and stratigraphic history of the SRP, which represents the surface expression of this hotspot, and to understand how it affected the evolution of continental crust and mantle. An additional goal is to evaluate the geothermal potential of southern Idaho. <br><br> Project HOTSPOT has completed three drill holes. (1) The Kimama site is located along the central volcanic axis of the SRP; our goal here was to sample a long-term record of basaltic volcanism in the wake of the SRP hotspot. (2) The Kimberly site is located near the margin of the plain; our goal here was to sample a record of high-temperature rhyolite volcanism associated with the underlying plume. This site was chosen to form a nominally continuous record of volcanism when paired with the Kimama site. (3) The Mountain Home site is located in the western plain; our goal here was to sample the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition in lake sediments at this site and to sample older basalts that underlie the sediments. <br><br> We report here on our initial results for each site, and on some of the geophysical logging studies carried out as part of this project. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2204/iodp.sd.15.06.2013" target="_blank">10.2204/iodp.sd.15.06.2013</a>
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Al-Swaidani, A. M. "Production of more durable and sustainable concretes using volcanic scoria as cement replacement." Materiales de Construcción 67, no. 326 (March 10, 2017): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2017.00716.

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The objective of the study is to investigate strength and durability-related properties of volcanic scoria-based cements. Compressive and tensile strength development of mortars and concretes containing volcanic scoria with replacement levels ranging from 10 to 35% was investigated. Water permeability, chloride penetrability and porosity of concretes cured for 2, 7, 28, 90 and 180 days were also examined. Results revealed that volcanic scoria could be suitable for making blended cements. The strength of mortar/concrete containing volcanic scoria was lower than that of plain cement mortar/concrete at all ages. However, at 90 day curing, the strengths of volcanic scoria-based mortars/concretes were comparable to those of plain cement. In addition, water permeability, chloride penetrability and porosity of scoria-based concretes were much lower than those of plain concrete. Further, the results were statistically analysed and estimation equations have been developed to predict the studied properties. SEM/EDX analysis was employed, as well.
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Chown, E. H., Réal Daigneault, Wulf Mueller, and J. K. Mortensen. "Tectonic evolution of the Northern Volcanic Zone, Abitibi belt, Quebec." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 10 (October 1, 1992): 2211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-175.

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The Archean Abitibi Subprovince has been divided formally into a Northern Volcanic Zone (NVZ), including the entire northern part of the subprovince, and a Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) on the basis of distinct volcano-sedimentary successions, related plutonic suites, and precise U–Pb age determinations. The NVZ has been further formally subdivided into (i) a Monocyclic Volcanic Segment (MVS) composed of an extensive subaqueous basalt plain with scattered felsic volcanic complexes (2730–2725 Ma), interstratified with or overlain by linear volcaniclastic sedimentary basins; and (ii) a Polycyclic Volcanic Segment (PVS) comprising a second mafic–felsic volcanic cycle (2722–2711 Ma) and a sedimentary assemblage with local shoshonitic volcanic rocks.A sequence of deformational events (D1–D6) over a period of 25 Ma in the NVZ is consistent with a major compressional event. North–south shortening was first accommodated by near-vertical east-trending folds and, with continued deformation, was concentrated along major east-trending fault zones and contact-strain aureoles around synvolcanic intrusions, both with a downdip movement. Subsequent dextral strike-slip movement occurred on southeast-trending faults and major east-trending faults which controlled the emplacement of syntectonic plutons (2703–2690 Ma).This study suggests that the NVZ, which is a coherent geotectonic unit, initially formed as a diffuse volcanic arc, represented by the MVZ, in which the northern part, represented by the PVS, evolved into a mature arc as documented by a second volcanic and sedimentary cycle associated with major plutonic accretion. Volcano-sedimentary evolution and associated plutonism, as well as structural evolution, are best explained by a plate-tectonic model involving oblique convergence.
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Dang, Bat Van, Chi Kim Thi Ngo, Binh Van Phan, Hiep Huu Nguyen, Hau Vinh Bui, and Hien Thu Thi Bui. "Morphological characteristics of the southwest deep - depression East Sea region." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 62, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2021.62(4).04.

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Morphological characteristics of the southwestern deep-depression East Sea have been defined based on the subdivision into co-origin surfaces. The results show that, the study area has 16 morphological units, including: Horizontal surface, slightly inclined surface, continental shelf accumulation, 200÷300 m depth; The surface is slightly inclined and wavy accumulates the outer shelf, 300÷700 m deep; Horizontal surface, abrasive, 500÷700 m (Guyot); Abrasive horizontal surface (Guyot), depth 1,300÷1,600 m; Abrasive horizontal surface (Guyot), depth -2,000 m; The surface of the ancient volcanic crest is distributed at different depths; Young volcanic surface, 1,200÷3,000 m deep; Wavy, accumulative plain, continental rise, 1,100÷1,800 m deep; Plain transport - accumulation plain, depth 1,100÷2,300 m; The smooth plain transports accumulates, depth 2,300÷3,000 m; The plain is divided by underground hills and mountains in the north, 2,000÷2,600 m deep; The plain is strongly dissected of underground mountains, 1,700÷2,600 m deep; Deep depression surface splits; Tectonic slope surface, continental slope 800÷1,400 m depth; Slope surface of the Northwestern underground mountain range 1,800÷2,600 m; Slope surface of the Southeastern underground mountain range 2000÷2900 m. Based on the morphological characteristics of the study area, field investigation, and analytical results allowed us to capture the potential areas of the Fe - Mn nodule and crust, namely: morphological units such as Guyot, young volcanic surface are supposed to be the prospect of the Fe - Mn crust while the deepwater surfaces demonstrate favorable place for Fe - Mn nodule can produce accumulation.
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Rahma, Ayu Dyah, and Djati Mardiatno. "Study of Potential Flood and Landslide Susceptibility Based on Geomorphological Characteristics In Sub-Watershed of Gelis, Keling, Jepara." MAJALAH ILMIAH GLOBE 20, no. 1 (May 11, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24895/mig.2018.20-1.724.

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<p><em>F</em><em>loods and landslides</em><em> disaster are routine events in Jepara Regency every rainy season. </em><em>The selected research area is Gelis Sub-watershed</em><em> located on the north side of Muria volcano</em><em>. The purpose of this </em><em>study was </em><em>identification </em><em>of </em><em>geomorphological characteristics and variety of landform in Gelis Sub-watershed</em><em> for susceptibility analysis of floods and landslides</em><em>. The method used in this research is survey</em><em> with</em><em> purposive sampling technique. D</em><em>ata a</em><em>nalysis was performed with the disaster susceptibility using </em><em>GIS</em><em> spatial analysis</em><em> with assisted using ILWIS by applying SMCE method. The weights consistent (eigenvector) resulted from the processing of AHP.</em><em> </em><em>The result of reserach are </em><em>geomorphology map and </em><em>susceptibility </em><em>map of flood and landslide in scale 1: 50.000. Sub-watershed Gelis</em><em> </em><em>has a complex geomorphological characteristics with variations</em><em> in landforms such as the </em><em>volcanic middle slope, volcanic lower slope, volcanic foot, volcanic foot plain, interfluve</em><em> of</em><em> volcanic foot, interfluve</em><em> of</em><em> volcanic foot plain, floodplain</em><em>,</em><em> and </em><em>fluvio volcanic plain</em><em>. Gelis Sub-watershed otherwise prone to flood</em><em>s</em><em> and landslide</em><em>s</em><em> disaster based on </em><em>susceptibility </em><em>mapping results. There are three classes of susceptibility, which are high, moderate, and low. H</em><em>igh susceptibility</em><em> are in the landform of </em><em>volcanic </em><em>middle slope and most of volcanic foot.</em></p>
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Pujol, J., and S. Smithson. "Seismic wave attenuation in volcanic rocks from VSP experiments." GEOPHYSICS 56, no. 9 (September 1991): 1441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443164.

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Seismic wave attenuation in the Columbia Plateau basalts and Snake River Plain volcanics was analyzed using vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data. The computation of attenuation coefficients is based on fitting a straight line to the logarithm of amplitude ratios computed for fixed values of frequency and variable depth. This approach does not require any assumptions on the dependence of Q on frequency. For the Columbia Plateau basalts, the attenuation coefficients obtained from the field data are smaller than those computed from the synthetic VSP generated using the sonic and density logs, indicating that the observed attenuation is related to scattering effects and is substantially larger than the intrinsic attenuation of basalt. Therefore, it is concluded that only a lower bound for Q can be established, in agreement with recent findings by other authors. The effective attenuation of seismic energy in basalts (about [Formula: see text] for the peak frequency) is comparable to the effective attenuation observed in sedimentary rocks (between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]). Results from two VSPs recorded in the Snake River Plain volcanics using air gun and vibrator sources show some frequency‐dependent effects. The depth range analyzed covers two different lithologic units (rhyolitic rocks with interbedded volcanic sediments above more homogeneous rhyodacitic rocks). The air gun energy (with a peak frequency near 15 Hz) clearly detects a difference in the attenuating properties of the two types of rocks. The vibrator energy, on the other hand, also detects this difference, but only for the lower frequencies. For frequencies near the peak frequency (31 Hz), attenuation is almost the same in the two units. The difference in attenuation for the two types of rocks is real and cannot be explained as processing artifacts, because it can be observed for both sources by analyzing the amplitude decay in the time domain. The peak‐frequency attenuation coefficients for the lower section are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for the vibrator and air gun sources, respectively. For the upper section, the corresponding values are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The difference in attenuation implied by the last two coefficients is probably not real, because the decay of energy in the time domain for the two sources is much closer to each other. The Columbia Plateau and Snake River Plain VSPs show that the poor quality of reflection data commonly associated with volcanic rocks cannot be explained by unusually high attenuation.
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Kerlow, Isaac, Gabriela Pedreros, and Helena Albert. "<i>Earth Girl Volcano</i>: characterizing and conveying volcanic hazard complexity in an interactive casual game of disaster preparedness and response." Geoscience Communication 3, no. 2 (November 17, 2020): 343–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gc-3-343-2020.

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Abstract. This paper focuses on the process of developing the Earth Girl Volcano game, and presents some of our best professional practices and lessons learned. The paper shares our experience of weaving storytelling in the not-so-straightforward process of interdisciplinary collaboration between artists and scientists. Our practice-based research approach to games is centered around a diligent and rigorous game development method that is story-centric and that uses storytelling to communicate scientific concepts. Our development methodology is presented in detail without the usual focus on quantitative evaluations: games are not scientific projects but audiovisual interactive catalysts of engagement. The survival of many communities during volcanic emergencies is tied to their knowledge of volcanic preparedness. Unfortunately, there is a gap between scientific terminology and the non-technical language used by the general population. For this reason it is necessary to develop and implement engaging outreach strategies that familiarize communities at risk with volcanic hazards, that show how a volcanic event unfolds, and what to do in case of an emergency. Interactive games provide a perfect alternative to engage communities and to impact their resilience. The Earth Girl Volcano game is about making strategic decisions that minimize risk in communities exposed to volcanic hazards. Conveying the complexities of volcano disaster preparedness to a general audience is a communication challenge in itself because of the multi-layered, interrelated, and technical nature of the information. We use interactive dramatizations of hazard scenarios with people for players to identify with the characters in the game and to empathize with communities impacted by volcanic hazards. We present our approach for characterizing multiple hazard scenarios and dynamics in precise but nimble ways and for designing engaging gameplay within the context of a casual strategy game. We seek to engage mainstream audiences and familiarize them with volcanic evacuations and disaster risk management by providing a high degree of playability, using storytelling to create empathy, making creative use of staging and visuals, and using plain language. We believe that the combination of all these techniques yields a whole that is greater than the sum of its parts, a perfect storm that is able to create an emotional connection between players and the hazard scenarios presented in the game.
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Pescatore, Tullio, Maria Rosaria Senatore, Giovanna Capretto, and Gaia Lerro. "Holocene Coastal Environments near Pompeii before the A.D. 79 Eruption of Mount Vesuvius, Italy." Quaternary Research 55, no. 1 (January 2001): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2000.2186.

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AbstractStudies of some 70 bore holes around ancient Pompeii, on the southwestern slope of the Somma-Vesuvius volcano, allow the reconstruction of Holocene environments earlier than the A.D. 79 eruption. This eruption produced about 10 km3 of pyroclastic material that buried the Roman cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae and promoted a shoreline progradation of 1 km. The Sarno coastal plain, in a post-Miocene sedimentary basin, has been affected by Somma-Vesuvius volcanic activity since the late Pleistocene. At the Holocene transgressive maximum, the sea reached an area east of ancient Pompeii and formed a beach ridge (Messigno, 5600 and 4500 14C yr B.P.) more than 2 km inland from the present shore. Progradation of the plain due to high volcanic supply during the following highstand resulted in a new beach ridge (Bottaro-Pioppaino, 3600 14C yr B.P.) 0.5 km seaward of the Messigno ridge. Ancient Pompeii was built as the shoreline continued to prograde toward its present position. Deposits of the A.D. 79 eruption blanketed the natural levees of the Sarno River, marshes near the city and on the Sarno's floodplain, the morphological highs of Messigno and Bottaro-Pioppaino beach ridges, and the seashore. That shore was probably 1 km landward of the present one.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Volcanic Plain"

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De, Siena Luca <1980&gt. "Attenuation tomografy of the main volcanic regions of the Campanian plain." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2101/.

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Potter, Katherine Elizabeth. "The Kimama Core: A 6.4 Ma Record of Volcanism, Sedimentation, and Magma Petrogenesis on the Axial Volcanic High, Snake River Plain, ID." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3872.

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The Snake River Plain (SRP) is one of the best-preserved examples of continental hotspot volcanis, with a continuous record of volcanism that extends over 16 Ma to the present. Yellowstone-Snake River Plain records the migration of plume-tail volcanism from inception at the Bruneau-Jarbridge caldera complex at 12.6 Ma to its present locus, under the Yellowstone Plateau. Records kept by the Snake River Plain volcanic actions include rhyolite lavas and ignimbritesm minor coeval basalts, and an overlying veneer of younger basalts. The central SRP has received comparatively little attention in the past. The Kimama core hole was drilled as part of Project Hotspot, the Snake River Scientific Drilling Project, which seeks to understand the long-term volcanic and sediment logical history of the SRP volcanic province. The Kimama core hole is the only part of the SRP that has not been scientifically drilled and cored to a significant depth in the past. Investigations of subsurface stratigraphy in continental volcanic provinces such as the SRP-YP are limited by the by the relatively low depth and spatial distribution of cored wells. The study of the Kimama core provides us with a continuous record of basalt and minor sediment deposition. The long-term volcanic history of the SRP, documented by moving magma and its composition, demonstrates that magmatism is mantle plume-derived. Our investigation of the Kimama core, combined with new mantle tomography, provides evidence that refutes non-plume models for the origin of the Snake River Plain volcanic province.
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Shakir, Shakir Bahaddin. "Investigating factors affecting restoration of native grassland in ex-cropland." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2019. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/170915.

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Native grasslands are one of the most endangered ecosystems in Australia. Approximately 99% of native grasslands have been disturbed for agriculture and pastoralism. Today, however, many agricultural and grazing lands have been abandoned. Restoring abandoned areas to native grassland is a challenge that must be met if these systems are to persist. This thesis sought to gain a better understanding of the biotic and abiotic barriers to restoring native grasslands in ex-cropping land, and to investigate novel techniques to overcome them in degraded native grassland in the Victorian Volcanic Plains. Firstly, I compared ex-cropland to high-quality remnant grassland, and showed that excropland supports a high number of exotic weeds, a lack of native species propagules, high nutrient levels (especially phosphorus and nitrogen), and an absence of organic carbon—all barriers which must be overcome if native grassland restoration is to succeed. I conducted a replicated field experiment in ex-cropland, to investigate four restoration approaches to overcoming barriers to restoration: (i) adding urban green waste to heat and kill the exotic seed bank (ii) adding sugar and/or mulch to promote microorganism and draw down soil nitrogen, (iii) using a modified clay product called Phoslock to reduce soil phosphorus levels, and (iv) scalping of topsoil 10 cm on ex-cropland site to remove the exotic seed bank and high nutrient soil. After each treatment, native grass seed was added, and the vegetation, seed bank, soil nutrients and microbial activity were monitored over 2.5 years. The hot mulch, scalping and sugar treatments all achieved significantly greater cover of native grasses than the control treatments. The hot waste treatment also effectively eliminated the exotic weed seed bank, but the soil N levels increased dramatically, which is counterproductive to the long-term goals of grassland restoration. Scalping out-performed all other treatments with regard to reducing soil N and P. All treatments suffered from reinvasion by exotic species, suggesting that any grassland restoration technique needs to be coupled with ongoing exotic weed management. Abstract ii High soil phosphorus is a difficult barrier to restoration of native grassland. A possible way to address this is to use plants with high P uptake to help draw down soil P. Native grassland taxa from the genus Ptilotus have been shown to have high P-uptake. I conducted two studies of Ptilotus macrocephalus and Ptilotus polystachyus to investigate their potential in this role. The first of these was an examination of techniques to break their seed dormancy, and to find their optimum germination conditions. I tested their response to smoke water, heating shock, cold stratification and gibberellic acid. The highest germination rates (62% and 38% for P. microcephalus and P. polystachyus, respectively) were achieved when the seeds were pre-treated with GA500 and exposed to a temperature range of (20/18OC) and a 12h dark/12h light regime. Smoke water, heat shock and the removal of floral bracts also improved germination rates, but not at the same magnitude as GA. The second study of Ptilotus was a glasshouse trial that examined the effectiveness of the two taxa at reducing available soil phosphorus. This trial included a third high P-uptake species (Lupinus albus) for comparison, and also investigated if the addition of Phoslock® could bind soil P into insoluble forms. P. macrocephalus and P. polystachyus accumulated high amounts of soil P. Thus, several years of seeding and harvesting of these plants is anticipated to provide a useful option for soil P reduction. Phoslock® reduced soil available P, but only at high concentration of Phoslock 1500 g/m2 and at very high soil P concentrations; it was less effective at levels that typically expect in ex-cropping paddocks. The findings of this thesis have advanced our current knowledge of the restoration of excropland. The research has tested methods to overcome biotic and abiotic barriers to restoration of the Victorian Volcanic Plains grasslands, and has demonstrated some practical approaches to begin the treatment. It was suggested that many of the methods and techniques used in this study could be useful technique in broad areas of grassland restoration within Australia as well as in similar situations in temperate climate conditions across the globe.
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Drew, Dana. "An Isotopic, Trace Element, and Volatile Investigation of Large-Volume Rhyolite Generation at the Picabo Volcanic Field of the Yellowstone Hotspot Track." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/17894.

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Rhyolites of the Picabo volcanic field (10.4-6.6 Ma) of the Yellowstone hotspot in eastern Idaho are preserved as thick ignimbrites and lavas along the margins of the Snake River Plain. This study presents new O and Hf isotope data and U-Pb geochronology from individual zircons, O isotope data from major phenocrysts, whole rock Sr and Nd isotope data, whole rock geochemistry, and trace element and volatile analyses of quartz-hosted melt inclusions, which were used to characterize the evolution of rhyolite generation through the eruptive sequence. The chemical composition of the first eruption of the caldera complex, the Tuff of Arbon Valley, suggests magma generation through repeated magma injection into the crust, remelting, crystallization, mixing, and crustal assimilation. Subsequent eruptions have diverse and low δ18O signatures indicating rhyolite generation through the remelting of variably hydrothermally altered volcanics, followed by rapid batch assembly. This thesis includes co-authored material previously published.
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Gallant, Elisabeth. "Lava Flow Hazard Assessment for the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, and Pocatello, Idaho, U.S.A." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6502.

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This study presents a probabilistic lava flow hazard assessment for the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and the cities of Idaho Falls and Pocatello, Idaho. The impetus of this work is to estimate the conditional probability that a lava flow on the eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) will impact the areas of interest given the formation of a new volcanic vent in the region. A list of 288 eruptive events, derived from a previously published inventory of 506 surface and 32 buried vents, was created to reduce the biasing of spatial density maps towards eruptions with multiple dependent vents. Conditional probabilities of new vents and events occurring on the ESRP were modeled using the the Sum of Asymptotic Mean Squared Error (SAMSE) optimal pilot bandwidth estimator with a bivariate Gaussian kernel function. Monte Carlo analyses of potential eruption scenarios were performed using MOLASSES, a cellular automata fluid flow simulator. Results show that Idaho Falls is impacted <1% of the time for both the vent and event simulations; Pocatello is not impacted by any simulated flows. 25.45% of vent flows and 33.74% of event flows breach the boundaries of INL. 18.27%of vent and 25.85% of event simulations initiate on the INL property. Annual inundation probabilities of 1.06 x 10-4 for vent-based flows and 7.12 x 10-5 for event-based flows are reported for INL; annual probabilities of an eruptive center initiating on INL property are 7.60 x 10-5 for vents and 5.45 x 10-5 for events. All of these values exceed the International Atomic Energy Agency’s acceptable risk probability of 10-7 by several orders of magnitude.
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Vogel, Sebastian [Verfasser], and Volker [Akademischer Betreuer] Hochschild. "Reconstruction of paleo-environmental landscape characteristics of the Sarno River plain (Campania, Italy) before the volcanic eruption of Somma-Vesuvius AD 79 / Sebastian Vogel ; Betreuer: Volker Hochschild." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1162627093/34.

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Hare, Alison (Alison Grace) 1976. "The stratigraphy and evolution of the late Cenozoic, intra-plate Werribee Plains basaltic lava flow-field, Newer Volcanic Province, Victoria, Australia." Monash University, School of Geosciences, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7586.

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Henderson, Amanda Olivia. "Low-Shield Volcanism: A Comparison of Volcanoes on Syria Planum, Mars and Snake River Plain, Idaho." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6138.

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Volcanoes are key indicators of a planet's internal structure, mechanics, and evolutionary history. Consequently, understanding the types and ages of volcanoes on a planet's surface is an important endeavor. In an attempt to better understand the relationship between morphometry and volcanic processes, we compared low-shield volcanoes on Syria Planum, Mars, with basaltic shields of the eastern Snake River Plain. We used 133 volcanoes on Syria Planum that are covered by Mars Orbiting Laser Altimeter (MOLA) and High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) elevation data and 246 eSRP shields covered by the National Elevation Dataset (NED) for this comparison. Shields on Syria Planum average 191 +/- 88 m tall, 12 +/- 6 km in diameter, 16 +/- 28 km3 in volume, and have 1.7° +/- 0.8 flank slopes. eSRP shields average 83 +/- 44 m tall, 4 +/- 3 km in diameter, 0.8 +/- 2 km3 in volume, and have 2.5° +/- 1 flank slopes. Bivariate plots of morphometric characteristics show that Syria Planum and Snake River Plain low shields form the extremes of the same morphospace shared with some Icelandic olivine tholeiite shields, but are generally distinct from other terrestrial volcanoes. Cluster analysis of Syria Planum and Snake River Plain shields with other terrestrial volcanoes separates these volcanoes into one cluster and the majority of them into the same sub-cluster that is distinct from other terrestrial volcanoes. Principal component and cluster analysis of Syria Planum and Snake River Plain shields using height, area, volume, slope, and eccentricity shows that Syria Planum and Snake River Plain low-shields are similar in shape (slope and eccentricity). Apparently, these low shields formed by similar processes involving Hawaiian-type eruptions of low viscosity (mafic) lavas with fissure controlled eruptions, narrowing to central vents. Initially high eruption rates and long, tube-fed lava flows shifted to the development of small lava lakes that repeatedly overflowed, and on some with late fountaining to form steeper spatter ramparts. However, Syria Planum shields are systematically larger than those on the eastern Snake River Plain. The larger size of Syria Planum shields is likely due to the smaller gravity of Mars, requiring larger magma batches to generate sufficient buoyant force to overcome the strength of rocks in the lithosphere and rise to the surface. Thus, Syria Planum lavas erupt in larger volumes and at higher rates generating larger volcanoes with slightly smaller slopes.
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Shafer, Erik Paul. "Mineral Evidence for Generating Compositionally Zoned Rhyolites of the Devine Canyon Tuff, High Lava Plains, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4017.

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Large-volume silicic eruptions are often evacuated from magma reservoirs which display gradients in composition, temperature, crystallinity, and volatile content. The 9.7 Ma Devine Canyon Tuff (DCT) of eastern Oregon represents such an eruption, with >300 km³ of compositionally zoned pyroclastic material deposited as a variably-welded ignimbrite. The ignimbrite displays homogenous bulk tuff major element compositions with a wide range of trace element compositions, allowing for the investigation of how these magmas were generated, stored, and modified in the magma reservoir by studying pumices which represent the primary magmas composing the DCT. Five pumices ranging from dacite to rhyolite bulk compositions were selected across the range of trace element compositions and were crushed and sieved to measure how crystallinity and mineral abundances change within each pumice at different particle size fractions. Single alkali feldspar and clinopyroxene crystals were analyzed using EMP and LA ICP-MS from each pumice. Physical results yielded a systematic decrease in crystallinity from 22% to 3% going from the dacite to the most evolved rhyolite composition, with the highest crystallinity occurring between <991-425 microns for all pumices analyzed. The dacite pumices displayed a glomerocrystic texture not observed in rhyolite pumices. Two populations of crystals were distinguished using single crystal chemical data, one belonging to the rhyolitic magmas and another belonging to the dacitic magma. Acquired mineral data have relevance for how strongly zoned with regard to trace elements the rhyolitic magmas of the DCT were, how these magmas were generated, and how they were stored within the magma reservoir. Applying melt extraction models to explain observed patterns in trace element compositions between pumices is problematic. In this model, the observed range of trace elements in rhyolite pumices would be attributed to two separate melt extraction events from an intermediate crystal mush where the first expulsion of melt from the mush produced the most evolved rhyolite composition and a second expulsion coupled with partial melting produced a second rhyolite with an indistinguishable major element composition but less evolved trace element composition. Mixing of these two rhyolite end members would then be needed for generating the range of intermediate rhyolite compositions. Magma mixing modeled using a mixing equation produced a poor fit for trace elements, suggesting the range of observed trace element compositions cannot be solely generated through the mixing of the extracted rhyolite melts but require processes that subsequently modify the mixed rhyolite compositions. The occurrence of crystal aggregates in the dacite may represent fragments of the crystal mush. However, the dacite was unlikely produced by partial remelting of the crystal mush, generating a less evolved, more intermediate bulk composition. In summary, mush extraction combined with partial melting of the crystal mush and mixing of compositional end members cannot fully explain the trace element patterns observed in the DCT pumices thus warranting further study.
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Guldstrand, Frank. "Magmatic Sheet Intrusions as Seen in Surface Deformation - Developing a Tool for Interpreting Volcanic Unrest." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-255690.

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The end-member types of shallow magmatic intrusions comprise cone sheets and dykes. These propagate from their source magma chamber towards the Earth’s surface. The propagation of magma within the shallow part of the volcano plumbing system produces surface deformation and seismicity, signs of volcanic unrest. Studying surface displacement using GPS and InSAR, geodetic modelling, fitting modelled data to real displacements, and inversion is regularly used to understand the processes in the subsurface. There is no possibility in nature to validate the assumptions of these models. However, using analogue modelling, it is possible to reproduce cone sheets and dykes in a controlled environment and study the associated surface deformation. This thesis tests the hypothesis that the two end-member types of magmatic sheet intrusions produce specific patterns of surface deformation. The analogue model surface is documented using two different monitoring setups: moiré monitoring and photogrammetry. The moiré method (dataset 1) consists of 43 experiments, 19 of which were dykes, 22 were cone sheets, and 2 were classified as hybrids. Photo- grammetry (dataset 2) was applied in 8 experiments, 3 of which produced cone sheets and 5 dykes. Dataset 1 successfully identified surface deformation patterns specific to the two intrusion types. Cone sheets develop in a gradual linear fashion, while the dykes exhibit a two-phase behaviour. The first phase shows little deformation until about halfway through the experiment duration when rapid deformation starts to occur. The point of maximum uplift, in both intrusion types, indicates the area of eruption from an early stage. Dataset 2 primarily evaluated the benefits of using the photogrammetric method. It successfully resolved horizontal components of displacement making it possible to study brittle defor- mation. As Dataset 2 consists of a limited amount of experiments, the results cannot be considered conclusive. However, they indicate that characteristic patterns of brittle deformation exist for the two types. Future improvements in this field include studying effects of topography and anisotropy on the surface deformation of the analogue models. Improvements in temporal and spatial resolution in the monitoring methods used to study surface displacement in nature is needed to perform analyses, similar to the ones presented here, on real surface deformation. The misfit of the surface deformation seen in numerical models compared to analogue models indicate that sheet intrusion propagation is not yet fully understood.
När magma rör sig från magmakammare mot jordytan i den ytliga delen av det underjordiska system av magma som finns under vulkaner, bildas ytdeformation. Genom att studera ytdeformationen med hjälp av GPS och InSAR samt numerisk modellering försöker forskare förstå dessa underjordiska processer för att förutspå framtida utbrott. Dessvärre finns ingen möjlighet att undersöka huruvida dessa numeriska modeller faktiskt överensstämmer med naturen. I gamla utdöda vulkaner som eroderats ner kan man se vulkanens inre där det finns stelnade, magmafyllda sprickor, så kallade gångar. Tyvärr ger detta dock ingen inblick i hur gångarnas bildning återspeglades i ytan. Detta kan man undersöka med hjälp av analoga modeller där det är möjligt att skapa likartade intrusioner i en kontrollerad labb-miljö och studera den tillhörande ytdeformationen. Denna avhandling undersöker hypotesen att de två huvudsakliga typerna av ytliga magmatiska gångar skapar specifika identifierbara mönster av ytdeformation. Detta testas genom att dokumentera den analoga modellens yta alltjämt som intrusionerna bildas med hjälp av två olika övervaknings- metoder. Den första metoden lyckades identifiera mönster som är specifika för de två olika typerna. Den högsta punkten på den deformerade ytan kan användas för att förutspå den plats där framtida utbrott kommer att ske i båda typerna. Den andra metoden lyckades urskilja dem horisontella komponenterna av förskjutning som gör det möjligt att studera den spröda deformation som utvecklas på ytan. Resultaten tyder på att karakteristiska mönster av spröd deformation existerar för de två typerna. För att förbättra de analoga modellerna måste man undersöka hur en mer topografiskt varierad yta påverkar den bildade deformation samt en skorpa som inte är helt homogen. Vid jämförelse mellan numeriska modeller och analoga modeller sågs en stor skillnad som tyder på att vi ännu inte förstår hur magma rör sig genom jordskorpan. Framtida användning av analyserna presenterade i denna avhandling kräver en förbättring av upplösningen på systemen som används till vulkanövervakning i naturen.
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Books on the topic "Volcanic Plain"

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Smith, Richard P., William F. Downs, R. L. Christiansen, W. R. Hacket, L. M. Morgan, W. P. Leeman, and B. Bonnichsen, eds. Snake River Plain-Yellowstone Volcanic Province: Jackson, Wyoming to Boise, Idaho July 21–29, 1989. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ft305.

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Sheppard, Richard A. Zeolitic diagenesis of tuffs in the Miocene Chalk Hills formation, western Snake River Plain, Idaho. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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Rupert, Michael G. Groundwater quality in the Columbia Plateau and Snake River Plain basin-fill and basaltic-rock aquifers and the Hawaiian volcanic-rock aquifers, Washington, Idaho, and Hawaii, 1993--2005. Reston, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey, 2014.

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United States. Office of Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. National volcanic ash operations plan for aviation and support of the ICAO international airways volcano watch. Silver Spring, Md: Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research, 2007.

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Region, United States Forest Service Pacific Northwest. Newberry National Volcanic Monument comprehensive management plan: Deschutes National Forest. [Portland, Or.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Deschutes National Forest, 1993.

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Holmgren, David. Trees on the Treeless Plains: Revegetation manual for the volcanic landscapes of central Victoria. Hepburn, Australia: Holmgren Design Services, 1994.

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United States. Forest Service. Pacific Northwest Region. Newberry National Volcanic Monument comprehensive management plan: Draft environmental impact statement : Deschutes National Forest. [Portland, Or.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Deschutes National Forest, 1993.

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U.S. National Park Service. Capulin Volcano National Monument museum management plan / [National Park Service]. New Mexico?: National Park Service, 2011.

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Schneider, Tiffany Rae. Hydrologic data and description of a hydrologic monitoring plan for Medicine Lake Volcano, California. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Schneider, Tiffany Rae. Hydrologic data and description of a hydrologic monitoring plan for Medicine Lake Volcano, California. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Volcanic Plain"

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Jagert, Felix. "Volcanic Plain." In Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms, 1–6. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9213-9_399-1.

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Jagert, Felix. "Volcanic Plain." In Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms, 2269–73. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3134-3_399.

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Zernack, Anke V. "Volcanic Debris-Avalanche Deposits in the Context of Volcaniclastic Ring Plain Successions—A Case Study from Mt. Taranaki." In Volcanic Debris Avalanches, 211–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57411-6_9.

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Murray-Wallace, Colin V. "Pleistocene and Holocene Volcanic Activity and Neotectonism." In Quaternary History of the Coorong Coastal Plain, Southern Australia, 115–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89342-6_4.

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Leeman, William P. "Origin and development of the Snake River Plain (SRP)—An overview." In Snake River Plain-Yellowstone Volcanic Province: Jackson, Wyoming to Boise, Idaho July 21–29, 1989, 4–12. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ft305p0004.

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Morgan, Lisa A., and William R. Hackett. "Explosive basaltic and rhyolitic volcanism of the eastern Snake River Plain." In Snake River Plain-Yellowstone Volcanic Province: Jackson, Wyoming to Boise, Idaho July 21–29, 1989, 38–47. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ft305p0038.

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Kuntz, Mel A., William F. Downs, Richard P. Smith, and Kerry L. Ruebelmann. "Geology of the Snake River Plain from Idaho Falls to Arco, Idaho." In Snake River Plain-Yellowstone Volcanic Province: Jackson, Wyoming to Boise, Idaho July 21–29, 1989, 48–49. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ft305p0048.

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Saccoccio, Fabio. "The Prehistoric Agrarian Management Pattern in the Volcanic Landscape of the Campanian Plain, Southern Italy." In Themes in Contemporary Archaeology, 209–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71652-3_14.

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Saccoccio, Fabio. "The Prehistoric Agrarian Management Pattern in the Volcanic Landscape of the Campanian Plain, Southern Italy." In Themes in Contemporary Archaeology, 209–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71652-3_14.

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Wood, Spencer H. "Silicic volcanic rocks and structure of the western Mount Bennett Hills and adjacent Snake River Plain, Idaho." In Snake River Plain-Yellowstone Volcanic Province: Jackson, Wyoming to Boise, Idaho July 21–29, 1989, 69–77. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ft305p0069.

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Conference papers on the topic "Volcanic Plain"

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Okuma, Shigeo, Masahiko Makino, Tadashi Nakatsuka, Masao Komazawa, and Hirofumi Yamamoto. "Geophysical evidence for buried volcanic structures beneath the Fukui Plain, central Japan." In Proceedings of the 10th SEGJ International Symposium. Society of Exploration Geophysicists of Japan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segj102011-001.69.

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Shervais, John W., Jonathan Glen, Lee Liberty, Drew L. Siler, Patrick F. Dobson, Erika Gasperikova, Dennis L. Newell, Sabodh K. Garg, Dennis Nielson, and Jacob DeAngelo. "PLAY FAIRWAY ANALYSIS IN GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION: CASE STUDY IN SNAKE RIVER PLAIN VOLCANIC PROVINCE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-335425.

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Potter, Katherine E., John Shervais, D. E. Champion, and Robert Duncan. "VOLCANIC STRATIGRAPHY AND AGE MODEL OF THE KIMAMA DEEP CORE HOLE (PROJECT HOTSPOT), CENTRAL SNAKE RIVER PLAIN, IDAHO." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-307351.

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Saenz, Joseph, Frank E. Denison, Thomas J. O'Neil, Andrew Modugno, Stuart Michener, and Lazaro Garza. "EXTINCT VOLCANIC CENTERS OF THE WESTERN SANTA MONICA MOUNTAINS AND THE OXNARD PLAIN, ONSHORE CALIFORNIA: A FIELD AND PHOTOGRAPHIC SURVEY (1992-2022)." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-376281.

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Whitten, Jennifer L., Lillian R. Ostrach, and Caleb I. Fassett. "ANCIENT VOLCANIC RESURFACING ON MERCURY?: ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION OF THE INTERCRATER PLAINS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-338988.

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Moore, Rhianna, Jacob E. Bleacher, and Jacob Richardson. "A SURVEY OF THE THARSIS VOLCANIC PLAINS: MAPPING LAVA CHANNELS AND TUBES ON MARS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-318913.

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Pinkerton, Sid. "The Great Plains Province; insights into mantle processes from the Raton-Clayton Volcanic Field." In 2016 New Mexico Geological Society Annual Spring Meeting. Socorro, NM: New Mexico Geological Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/sm-2016.449.

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Brueseke, Matthew, Sarah M. Green, Alyssa Endrich, Benjamin J. Walters, Emily R. Fenner, Alexander K. Karrasch, and Jeffrey A. Benowitz. "OFF-TRACK YELLOWSTONE HOTSPOT BASALT VOLCANISM NORTH OF THE EASTERN SNAKE RIVER PLAIN: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CONSTRAINTS ON A MONOGENETIC VOLCANO IN THE CENTENNIAL VALLEY, MONTANA." In Joint 55th Annual North-Central / 55th Annual South-Central Section Meeting - 2021. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021nc-362647.

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Corrales, Julian Javier, Hugo Alberto García, Mauricio Gallego Silva, and Elkin Gerardo Avila. "Study for the Determination of Seismic Hazard for the Ocensa Oil Pipeline." In ASME 2015 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2015-8538.

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The Andes mountain range crosses South America from South to North, is created by the subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South American plate, this situation generates a high seismic and volcanic activity which have been decisive in shaping the relief of the continent. The OCENSA pipeline crosses the Andes Mountains on its way to transport crude from the oil fields of the eastern plains to the port of Coveñas on the Caribbean Sea. Therefore for the integrity department of Ocensa the assessment of seismic hazard is among one of its priorities. In this paper the results of the study in Ocensa for determination of seismic hazard for the pipeline and its major facilities are presented.
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Pinkerton, Sid, Frank C. Ramos, and Matthew Zimmerer. "The Raton-Clayton Volcanic Field: Evaluating Open-System Processes in Magmas Derived Beneath the Great Plains." In 2017 New Mexico Geological Society Annual Spring Meeting. Socorro, NM: New Mexico Geological Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/sm-2017.536.

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Reports on the topic "Volcanic Plain"

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Shinohara, Masanao. Working Paper PUEAA No. 6. Recent seafloor seismic and tsunami observation systems for scientific research and disaster mitigation. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.004r.2022.

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Due to its position between various tectonic plates, Japan is at constant risk of natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis. The latter have a great and destructive impact since a large part of the Japanese population lives on coastal plains. The importance of having early warning systems has led Japanese scientists to give particular importance to the study of the seabed and its tectonic characteristics, in order to better understand its geological composition, and to be able to create better and faster early warning systems with new technologies for transmission and data collection.
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Carson, C. J., P. A. Henson, C. J. Boreham, and A. J. M. Jarrett. Exploring for the Future: Fluid inclusions from the Benmara and Carrara Range regions, Northern Territory : Buddycurrawa Volcanics (Benmara Group) and Plain Creek Formation (McNamara Group). Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.023.

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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Southern Plains Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293756.

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Type sections are one of several kinds of stratotypes. A stratotype is the standard (original or subsequently designated), accessible, and specific sequence of rock for a named geologic unit that forms the basis for the definition, recognition, and comparison of that unit elsewhere. Geologists designate stratotypes for rock exposures that are illustrative and representative of the map unit being defined. Stratotypes ideally should remain accessible for examination and study by others. In this sense, geologic stratotypes are similar in concept to biological type specimens, however, they remain in situ as rock exposures rather than curated in a repository. Therefore, managing stratotypes requires inventory and monitoring like other geologic heritage resources in parks. In addition to type sections, stratotypes also include type localities, type areas, reference sections, and lithodemes, all of which are defined in this report. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to stratotypes that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic heritage resources. This effort identified two stratotypes designated within two park units of the Southern Plains Inventory & Monitoring Network (SOPN): Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument (ALFL) has one type locality; and Capulin Volcano National Monument (CAVO) contains one type area. There are currently no designated stratotypes within Bent’s Old Fort National Historic Site (BEOL), Chickasaw National Recreation Area (CHIC), Fort Larned National Historic Site (FOLS), Fort Union National Monument (FOUN), Lake Meredith National Recreation Area (LAMR), Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park (LYJO), Pecos National Historical Site (PECO), Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site (SAND), Waco Mammoth National Monument (WACO), and Washita Battlefield National Historic Site (WABA). The inventory of geologic stratotypes across the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS has centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks established during the late 1990s. Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks and was therefore adopted for the stratotype inventory. The Greater Yellowstone I&M Network (GRYN) was the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Methodologies and reporting strategies adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the SOPN. This report includes a recommendation section that addresses outstanding issues and future steps regarding park unit stratotypes. These recommendations will hopefully guide decision-making and help ensure that these geoheritage resources are properly protected and that proposed park activities or development will not adversely impact the stability and condition of these geologic exposures.
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Response plan for volcano hazards in the Long Valley Caldera and Mono Craters region, California. US Geological Survey, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b2185.

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Major 10.2-Ma rhyolitic volcanism in the eastern Snake River plain, Idaho; isotopic age and stratigraphic setting of the Arbon Valley Tuff Member of the Starlight Formation. US Geological Survey, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b2091.

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