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1
Young, Roger A., and James E. Lucas. "Exploration beneath volcanics: Snake River plain, Idaho." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 4 (April 1988): 444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442476.
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Coincident gravity, magnetotelluric (MT), and seismic reflection‐refraction surveys were conducted along a line traversing the boundary between the volcanic‐covered Eastern Snake River plain, Idaho, and the sediment‐covered Western overthrust belt, One‐dimensional MT and seismic refraction analysis away from the immediate boundary between sediments and volcanics successfully maps the depths to units of igneous and sedimentary—or metasedimentary—rock. Substantially different models of the volcanic‐covered terrain and of the sediment‐covered terrain are linked by a gravity anomaly and by an elongation and rotation of MT anisotropy ellipses which indicate a fault. Fault dip, depth extent, and motion are constrained by marked changes in the first‐arrival apparent velocities and by an electrical marker layer. The analysis shows that metasediments extend laterally at least 16 km beneath the volcanic cover. The two terrains are connected by a boundary zone which is a major normal fault.
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Mulyaningsih, Sri. "Cultural and geological heritage in time elapsed during historical Kingdoms in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia." Berita Sedimentologi 47, no. 3 (December 28, 2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.51835/bsed.2021.47.3.359.
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Yogyakarta, Indonesia is known for its kingdom government system for all its living history; since 8-10th century Mataram Hindu-Buddhist temples to the present Muslim Ngayogyokarto Hadiningrat. Those stretch of history resulted in many artefacts and chronicles. A cultural imaginary line that linking Merapi Volcano in the north and the Indian Ocean in the south through the Yogyakarta Palace in the middle has a sacral geo-cultural heritage, explaining a prosperity gentle volcanic town, a beautiful scheme of the open panoramic features with several temples standing on the plain and mountainous landscapes in between the rest of earthquakes and the volcanic eruptions. Many temples were partly buried under volcanic materials, and some others show evidence of being shaken several times by earthquakes. Boulders of volcanic materials varying in size and shapes are present in the plain of Yogyakarta, near Cangkiringan, Ngemplak and Ngaglik. Landslides exposed many geological features, such as faults, rock formation and stratigraphy, and some unstable slopes. Cultural and geological heritages at Yogyakarta Region were created over the time.
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Shervais, J. W., D. R. Schmitt, D. Nielson, J. P. Evans, E. H. Christiansen, L. Morgan, W. C. Pat Shanks, et al. "First Results from HOTSPOT: The Snake River Plain Scientific Drilling Project, Idaho, U.S.A." Scientific Drilling 15 (March 1, 2013): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-15-36-2013.
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HOTSPOT is an international collaborative effort to understand the volcanic history of the Snake River Plain (SRP). The SRP overlies a thermal anomaly, the Yellowstone-Snake River hotspot, that is thought to represent a deep-seated mantle plume under North America. The primary goal of this project is to document the volcanic and stratigraphic history of the SRP, which represents the surface expression of this hotspot, and to understand how it affected the evolution of continental crust and mantle. An additional goal is to evaluate the geothermal potential of southern Idaho. <br><br> Project HOTSPOT has completed three drill holes. (1) The Kimama site is located along the central volcanic axis of the SRP; our goal here was to sample a long-term record of basaltic volcanism in the wake of the SRP hotspot. (2) The Kimberly site is located near the margin of the plain; our goal here was to sample a record of high-temperature rhyolite volcanism associated with the underlying plume. This site was chosen to form a nominally continuous record of volcanism when paired with the Kimama site. (3) The Mountain Home site is located in the western plain; our goal here was to sample the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition in lake sediments at this site and to sample older basalts that underlie the sediments. <br><br> We report here on our initial results for each site, and on some of the geophysical logging studies carried out as part of this project. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2204/iodp.sd.15.06.2013" target="_blank">10.2204/iodp.sd.15.06.2013</a>
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Al-Swaidani, A. M. "Production of more durable and sustainable concretes using volcanic scoria as cement replacement." Materiales de Construcción 67, no. 326 (March 10, 2017): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2017.00716.
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The objective of the study is to investigate strength and durability-related properties of volcanic scoria-based cements. Compressive and tensile strength development of mortars and concretes containing volcanic scoria with replacement levels ranging from 10 to 35% was investigated. Water permeability, chloride penetrability and porosity of concretes cured for 2, 7, 28, 90 and 180 days were also examined. Results revealed that volcanic scoria could be suitable for making blended cements. The strength of mortar/concrete containing volcanic scoria was lower than that of plain cement mortar/concrete at all ages. However, at 90 day curing, the strengths of volcanic scoria-based mortars/concretes were comparable to those of plain cement. In addition, water permeability, chloride penetrability and porosity of scoria-based concretes were much lower than those of plain concrete. Further, the results were statistically analysed and estimation equations have been developed to predict the studied properties. SEM/EDX analysis was employed, as well.
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Chown, E. H., Réal Daigneault, Wulf Mueller, and J. K. Mortensen. "Tectonic evolution of the Northern Volcanic Zone, Abitibi belt, Quebec." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 10 (October 1, 1992): 2211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-175.
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The Archean Abitibi Subprovince has been divided formally into a Northern Volcanic Zone (NVZ), including the entire northern part of the subprovince, and a Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) on the basis of distinct volcano-sedimentary successions, related plutonic suites, and precise U–Pb age determinations. The NVZ has been further formally subdivided into (i) a Monocyclic Volcanic Segment (MVS) composed of an extensive subaqueous basalt plain with scattered felsic volcanic complexes (2730–2725 Ma), interstratified with or overlain by linear volcaniclastic sedimentary basins; and (ii) a Polycyclic Volcanic Segment (PVS) comprising a second mafic–felsic volcanic cycle (2722–2711 Ma) and a sedimentary assemblage with local shoshonitic volcanic rocks.A sequence of deformational events (D1–D6) over a period of 25 Ma in the NVZ is consistent with a major compressional event. North–south shortening was first accommodated by near-vertical east-trending folds and, with continued deformation, was concentrated along major east-trending fault zones and contact-strain aureoles around synvolcanic intrusions, both with a downdip movement. Subsequent dextral strike-slip movement occurred on southeast-trending faults and major east-trending faults which controlled the emplacement of syntectonic plutons (2703–2690 Ma).This study suggests that the NVZ, which is a coherent geotectonic unit, initially formed as a diffuse volcanic arc, represented by the MVZ, in which the northern part, represented by the PVS, evolved into a mature arc as documented by a second volcanic and sedimentary cycle associated with major plutonic accretion. Volcano-sedimentary evolution and associated plutonism, as well as structural evolution, are best explained by a plate-tectonic model involving oblique convergence.
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Dang, Bat Van, Chi Kim Thi Ngo, Binh Van Phan, Hiep Huu Nguyen, Hau Vinh Bui, and Hien Thu Thi Bui. "Morphological characteristics of the southwest deep - depression East Sea region." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 62, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2021.62(4).04.
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Morphological characteristics of the southwestern deep-depression East Sea have been defined based on the subdivision into co-origin surfaces. The results show that, the study area has 16 morphological units, including: Horizontal surface, slightly inclined surface, continental shelf accumulation, 200÷300 m depth; The surface is slightly inclined and wavy accumulates the outer shelf, 300÷700 m deep; Horizontal surface, abrasive, 500÷700 m (Guyot); Abrasive horizontal surface (Guyot), depth 1,300÷1,600 m; Abrasive horizontal surface (Guyot), depth -2,000 m; The surface of the ancient volcanic crest is distributed at different depths; Young volcanic surface, 1,200÷3,000 m deep; Wavy, accumulative plain, continental rise, 1,100÷1,800 m deep; Plain transport - accumulation plain, depth 1,100÷2,300 m; The smooth plain transports accumulates, depth 2,300÷3,000 m; The plain is divided by underground hills and mountains in the north, 2,000÷2,600 m deep; The plain is strongly dissected of underground mountains, 1,700÷2,600 m deep; Deep depression surface splits; Tectonic slope surface, continental slope 800÷1,400 m depth; Slope surface of the Northwestern underground mountain range 1,800÷2,600 m; Slope surface of the Southeastern underground mountain range 2000÷2900 m. Based on the morphological characteristics of the study area, field investigation, and analytical results allowed us to capture the potential areas of the Fe - Mn nodule and crust, namely: morphological units such as Guyot, young volcanic surface are supposed to be the prospect of the Fe - Mn crust while the deepwater surfaces demonstrate favorable place for Fe - Mn nodule can produce accumulation.
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Rahma, Ayu Dyah, and Djati Mardiatno. "Study of Potential Flood and Landslide Susceptibility Based on Geomorphological Characteristics In Sub-Watershed of Gelis, Keling, Jepara." MAJALAH ILMIAH GLOBE 20, no. 1 (May 11, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24895/mig.2018.20-1.724.
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<p><em>F</em><em>loods and landslides</em><em> disaster are routine events in Jepara Regency every rainy season. </em><em>The selected research area is Gelis Sub-watershed</em><em> located on the north side of Muria volcano</em><em>. The purpose of this </em><em>study was </em><em>identification </em><em>of </em><em>geomorphological characteristics and variety of landform in Gelis Sub-watershed</em><em> for susceptibility analysis of floods and landslides</em><em>. The method used in this research is survey</em><em> with</em><em> purposive sampling technique. D</em><em>ata a</em><em>nalysis was performed with the disaster susceptibility using </em><em>GIS</em><em> spatial analysis</em><em> with assisted using ILWIS by applying SMCE method. The weights consistent (eigenvector) resulted from the processing of AHP.</em><em> </em><em>The result of reserach are </em><em>geomorphology map and </em><em>susceptibility </em><em>map of flood and landslide in scale 1: 50.000. Sub-watershed Gelis</em><em> </em><em>has a complex geomorphological characteristics with variations</em><em> in landforms such as the </em><em>volcanic middle slope, volcanic lower slope, volcanic foot, volcanic foot plain, interfluve</em><em> of</em><em> volcanic foot, interfluve</em><em> of</em><em> volcanic foot plain, floodplain</em><em>,</em><em> and </em><em>fluvio volcanic plain</em><em>. Gelis Sub-watershed otherwise prone to flood</em><em>s</em><em> and landslide</em><em>s</em><em> disaster based on </em><em>susceptibility </em><em>mapping results. There are three classes of susceptibility, which are high, moderate, and low. H</em><em>igh susceptibility</em><em> are in the landform of </em><em>volcanic </em><em>middle slope and most of volcanic foot.</em></p>
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Pujol, J., and S. Smithson. "Seismic wave attenuation in volcanic rocks from VSP experiments." GEOPHYSICS 56, no. 9 (September 1991): 1441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443164.
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Seismic wave attenuation in the Columbia Plateau basalts and Snake River Plain volcanics was analyzed using vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data. The computation of attenuation coefficients is based on fitting a straight line to the logarithm of amplitude ratios computed for fixed values of frequency and variable depth. This approach does not require any assumptions on the dependence of Q on frequency. For the Columbia Plateau basalts, the attenuation coefficients obtained from the field data are smaller than those computed from the synthetic VSP generated using the sonic and density logs, indicating that the observed attenuation is related to scattering effects and is substantially larger than the intrinsic attenuation of basalt. Therefore, it is concluded that only a lower bound for Q can be established, in agreement with recent findings by other authors. The effective attenuation of seismic energy in basalts (about [Formula: see text] for the peak frequency) is comparable to the effective attenuation observed in sedimentary rocks (between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]). Results from two VSPs recorded in the Snake River Plain volcanics using air gun and vibrator sources show some frequency‐dependent effects. The depth range analyzed covers two different lithologic units (rhyolitic rocks with interbedded volcanic sediments above more homogeneous rhyodacitic rocks). The air gun energy (with a peak frequency near 15 Hz) clearly detects a difference in the attenuating properties of the two types of rocks. The vibrator energy, on the other hand, also detects this difference, but only for the lower frequencies. For frequencies near the peak frequency (31 Hz), attenuation is almost the same in the two units. The difference in attenuation for the two types of rocks is real and cannot be explained as processing artifacts, because it can be observed for both sources by analyzing the amplitude decay in the time domain. The peak‐frequency attenuation coefficients for the lower section are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for the vibrator and air gun sources, respectively. For the upper section, the corresponding values are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The difference in attenuation implied by the last two coefficients is probably not real, because the decay of energy in the time domain for the two sources is much closer to each other. The Columbia Plateau and Snake River Plain VSPs show that the poor quality of reflection data commonly associated with volcanic rocks cannot be explained by unusually high attenuation.
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Kerlow, Isaac, Gabriela Pedreros, and Helena Albert. "<i>Earth Girl Volcano</i>: characterizing and conveying volcanic hazard complexity in an interactive casual game of disaster preparedness and response." Geoscience Communication 3, no. 2 (November 17, 2020): 343–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gc-3-343-2020.
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Abstract. This paper focuses on the process of developing the Earth Girl Volcano game, and presents some of our best professional practices and lessons learned. The paper shares our experience of weaving storytelling in the not-so-straightforward process of interdisciplinary collaboration between artists and scientists. Our practice-based research approach to games is centered around a diligent and rigorous game development method that is story-centric and that uses storytelling to communicate scientific concepts. Our development methodology is presented in detail without the usual focus on quantitative evaluations: games are not scientific projects but audiovisual interactive catalysts of engagement. The survival of many communities during volcanic emergencies is tied to their knowledge of volcanic preparedness. Unfortunately, there is a gap between scientific terminology and the non-technical language used by the general population. For this reason it is necessary to develop and implement engaging outreach strategies that familiarize communities at risk with volcanic hazards, that show how a volcanic event unfolds, and what to do in case of an emergency. Interactive games provide a perfect alternative to engage communities and to impact their resilience. The Earth Girl Volcano game is about making strategic decisions that minimize risk in communities exposed to volcanic hazards. Conveying the complexities of volcano disaster preparedness to a general audience is a communication challenge in itself because of the multi-layered, interrelated, and technical nature of the information. We use interactive dramatizations of hazard scenarios with people for players to identify with the characters in the game and to empathize with communities impacted by volcanic hazards. We present our approach for characterizing multiple hazard scenarios and dynamics in precise but nimble ways and for designing engaging gameplay within the context of a casual strategy game. We seek to engage mainstream audiences and familiarize them with volcanic evacuations and disaster risk management by providing a high degree of playability, using storytelling to create empathy, making creative use of staging and visuals, and using plain language. We believe that the combination of all these techniques yields a whole that is greater than the sum of its parts, a perfect storm that is able to create an emotional connection between players and the hazard scenarios presented in the game.
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Pescatore, Tullio, Maria Rosaria Senatore, Giovanna Capretto, and Gaia Lerro. "Holocene Coastal Environments near Pompeii before the A.D. 79 Eruption of Mount Vesuvius, Italy." Quaternary Research 55, no. 1 (January 2001): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2000.2186.
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AbstractStudies of some 70 bore holes around ancient Pompeii, on the southwestern slope of the Somma-Vesuvius volcano, allow the reconstruction of Holocene environments earlier than the A.D. 79 eruption. This eruption produced about 10 km3 of pyroclastic material that buried the Roman cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae and promoted a shoreline progradation of 1 km. The Sarno coastal plain, in a post-Miocene sedimentary basin, has been affected by Somma-Vesuvius volcanic activity since the late Pleistocene. At the Holocene transgressive maximum, the sea reached an area east of ancient Pompeii and formed a beach ridge (Messigno, 5600 and 4500 14C yr B.P.) more than 2 km inland from the present shore. Progradation of the plain due to high volcanic supply during the following highstand resulted in a new beach ridge (Bottaro-Pioppaino, 3600 14C yr B.P.) 0.5 km seaward of the Messigno ridge. Ancient Pompeii was built as the shoreline continued to prograde toward its present position. Deposits of the A.D. 79 eruption blanketed the natural levees of the Sarno River, marshes near the city and on the Sarno's floodplain, the morphological highs of Messigno and Bottaro-Pioppaino beach ridges, and the seashore. That shore was probably 1 km landward of the present one.
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Vreeken, Willem J., and John A. Westgate. "Miocene tephra beds in the Cypress Hills of Saskatchewan, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-006.
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Six rhyolitic tephra layers from ancient loess and related detritus in the Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan, represent separate volcanic eruptions from the Snake River Plain. Idaho, U.S.A. The weighted mean age and uncertainty of the youngest tephra bed is 8.3 ± 0.2 Ma, using the isothermal plateau fissiontrack technique on its hydrated glass shards. The loess that hosts five of these tephra beds extends across the Cypress Plain, which is the oldest (Middle Miocene) and highest depositional surface in the Interior Plains, and also occurs on four juxtaposed erosion surfaces. It appears that the first and maybe the second erosion surface began forming before 10 Ma, and that formation of the second, third, and fourth erosion surfaces was completed between 10 and 8.3 Ma.
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Elfiani, V., M. Mitasari, Y. Risdarani, G. G. Ardiyanto, and F. A. Kurnianto. "Groundwater quality : comparing alluvial plain and tertiary volcanic in tropical region." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 747, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 012124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/747/1/012124.
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Anders, Mark H., Victor J. DiVenere, Sidney R. Hemming, and Joel Gombiner. "40Ar/39Ar and paleomagnetic constraints on the age and areal extent of the Picabo volcanic field: Implications for the Yellowstone hotspot." Geosphere 15, no. 3 (May 8, 2019): 716–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges01589.1.
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Abstract The Picabo volcanic field is one of the key silicic volcanic fields in the time-transgressive track of the Yellowstone hotspot. The Picabo volcanic field is also one of the most poorly defined volcanic fields along the track of the Yellowstone hotspot. Determining the age and areal extent of the Picabo volcanic field ignimbrites is one of the primary objectives of this study. In our effort to correlate ignimbrites within the Picabo volcanic field as well as identify those from the neighboring Twin Falls and Heise volcanic fields, we present new petrographic, 40Ar/39Ar, and paleomagnetic data. With these data, we correlated several ignimbrites within the Picabo volcanic field. In some cases, we correlate units previously thought to be in the Picabo volcanic field to older volcanic fields. This includes the Picabo Tuff, which we suggest originates from the Twin Falls volcanic field rather from its namesake volcanic field. The first and best documented major silicic eruption of the volcanic field, the Arbon Valley Tuff, is also the largest ignimbrite in the Picabo volcanic field. There is disagreement as to whether the Arbon Valley Tuff is the result of a single ignimbrite eruption or multiple eruptions. We previously have suggested that the Arbon Valley Tuff is the result of two eruptions, one at 10.41 ± 0.01 Ma and the other at 10.22 ± 0.01 Ma (Anders et al., 2014). Those combining radiometric dates into a single eruption age report ages of 10.2 Ma, 10.27 ± 0.01 Ma, 10.34 ± 0.03 Ma, and 10.44 ± 0.27 Ma. We also suggest the final eruption of the Picabo volcanic field was the tuff of American Falls dated at 7.58 ± 0.02 Ma. Estimates of the location of Picabo volcanic field have been used to mark a major change in the migration rate of the Yellowstone–Snake River Plain silicic volcanic system. Based on our new data, we found only minor changes of the boundaries of the Picabo volcanic field from previous studies. Using the age of the Arbon Valley Tuff (10.41 Ma), we calculated an extension-corrected migration rate of 2.27 ± 0.2 cm/yr between the position of the Picabo volcanic field and that of the Yellowstone volcanic field over the past ∼10 m.y. This estimate is close to the extension corrected 2.38 ± 0.21 cm/yr value based on the migration of the hotspot deformation field. These rates are consistent with independent estimates of North American plate velocity over the past 10 m.y. and therefore consistent with a fixed reference frame for the Yellowstone hotspot. These results stand in contrast with several recent models for the evolution of the Yellowstone–Snake River Plain volcanic system. We also discovered a new ignimbrite from the Heise volcanic field, the 4.37 ± 0.08 Ma tuff of Birch Creek Sinks, in core from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) borehole 2-2A, which now represents the youngest outflow ignimbrite of the Heise volcanic field. Although recently, several intracaldera ignimbrites younger than 4 Ma have been identified in the volcanic field, the age range of outflow ignimbrites from the Heise volcanic field is now extended from 6.66 Ma to at least 4.37 Ma.
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Gagnepain-Beyneix, J., J. C. Lépine, A. Nercessian, and A. Hirn. "Experimental study of site effects in the Fort-de-France area (Martinique island)." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 85, no. 2 (April 1, 1995): 478–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0850020478.
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Abstract We used weak-motion recordings of regional events to quantify the site effects in the Fort-de-France (Martinique) area in the frequency band 1 to 25 Hz. The studied area extends over three distinct geological units: the Morne-Pitault volcanic massif (15 to 11 M.A.), the Carbet volcanic massif (4 to 2 M.A.), and the Lamentin alluvial plain (quaternary age). The topography being complex, 31 sites were selected in order to get a representative sampling of the various topographical and geological configurations. The large number of studied sites also allowed us to define a reference site whose selection was not obvious. Large broadband amplifications are observed in the Lamentin plain instead of the expected peak resonances. More surprising, such resonance is observed around 2 to 3 Hz on several sites of the volcanic Vauclain-Pitault chain, though no sedimentary layer is present. On the other hand, in the inner Fort-de-France where significant effects were expected because of the very complex topography, no large amplication is observed except for at one site. Clear three-dimensional (3D) effects are also observed at some stations. Though not very well documented, the low-frequency behavior deduced from teleseismic observations seems rather different, illustrating the difficulty in finding a convenient reference site in such a volcanic area.
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Nurdin, Mochtar Lutfi Rayes, Soemarno, Sudarto, Endang Listyarini, Christanti Agustina, Rival Rahman, Asda Rauf, and Jailani Husain. "Soils in the Bulia micro watershed of Gorontalo province, Indonesia, and their quality assessment." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 108 (October 19, 2021): 104–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2021-108-104-136.
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Ten representative pedons from the Bulia micro watershed of Gorontalo Province, Indonesia, were characterized and classified to determine its land quality (LQ) class. Angular blocky, sticky, plastic consistencies and a hard consistency prevailed in the soil structure. In the alluvial plains the soil texture is dominated by the clay fraction, while in the hills and volcanic mountains the sand fraction is dominated. The soils in the Bulia micro watershed also have acid to neutral reaction, with the range of very low to high OC (organic carbon) levels, the reserve of exchangeable bases was dominated by Ca2+ in two series patterns, namely: Ca2+ > Mg+ > Na+ > K+ and Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg+ > K+, cation exchange capacity (CEC) ranged from low to very high, and the base saturation varied from moderate to very high. The alluvial plain is represented by Inceptisol in P1 and Typic Humustepts (P7), also by Oxic Humustepts (P3), then Mollisol on P4 (Typic Argiudolls) and Typic Haplustolls (P6), Alfisol on P5 (Typic Paleustalfs). Entisol on P2 (Typic Ustipsamments) was found in volcanic mountains and P9 (Typic Paleustolls) P8 (Ultic Paleustalfs), P10 (Inceptic Haplustalfs) are typical of volcanic hills. On the alluvial plains the land was categorized as the LQ class II, III and IV, the volcanic mountains were the LQ class IV, while the land on the volcanic hills was categorized as the LQ class VI. River bank erosion on the land river terraces can be held by the manufacture of gabions, talud, cliff reinforcement plants and terraces. The soil temperatures and high clay content can be regulated by mulching and organic materials.
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Rango, Jessamy J. "A Survey of Ant Species in Three Habitats at Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/415183.
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Ants were surveyed in three habitats at Mount St. Helens in 2008. The area most impacted by the 1980 eruption is the Pumice Plain. Less impacted is the Blowdown Zone where trees were toppled due to the blast. Two habitats were surveyed in the Pumice Plain varying in vegetation density (Pumice Plain Low-Vegetation (PPLV) and Pumice Plain High-Vegetation (PPHV)), and one habitat was surveyed in the Blowdown Zone (BDZ). Ten ant species were collected with the most species collected from the BDZ habitat and the least from the PPLV habitat. Ant abundance was higher at the BDZ and PPHV habitats than at the PPLV habitat. Ant biodiversity was highest at the BDZ habitat than at the PPHV and PPLV habitats. Significant correlations between ant community parameters and plant community parameters were also found. Few plants in the PPLV habitat may contribute to the lack of ants. High ant species richness at the BDZ habitat may be due to complex plant architecture. Results from this study suggest that ants are important focal species in tracking biotic recovery following disturbances.
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Andrews, Graham D. M., Michael J. Branney, Bill Bonnichsen, and Michael McCurry. "Rhyolitic ignimbrites in the Rogerson Graben, southern Snake River Plain volcanic province: volcanic stratigraphy, eruption history and basin evolution." Bulletin of Volcanology 70, no. 3 (June 20, 2007): 269–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-007-0139-0.
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Németh, Károly, and Craig M. White. "Intra-vent peperites related to the phreatomagmatic 71 Gulch Volcano, western Snake River Plain volcanic field, Idaho (USA)." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 183, no. 1-2 (May 2009): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.02.020.
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Agustín-Flores, Javier, Károly Németh, Shane J. Cronin, Jan M. Lindsay, Gábor Kereszturi, Brittany D. Brand, and Ian E. M. Smith. "Phreatomagmatic eruptions through unconsolidated coastal plain sequences, Maungataketake, Auckland Volcanic Field (New Zealand)." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 276 (April 2014): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.02.021.
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Moral, Roger del, and David M. Wood. "Early primary succession on a barren volcanic plain at Mount St. Helens, Washington." American Journal of Botany 80, no. 9 (September 1993): 981–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1993.tb15324.x.
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De Vivo, B., G. Rolandi, P. B. Gans, A. Calvert, W. A. Bohrson, F. J. Spera, and H. E. Belkin. "New constraints on the pyroclastic eruptive history of the Campanian volcanic Plain (Italy)." Mineralogy and Petrology 73, no. 1-3 (November 1, 2001): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007100170010.
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Perkins, Michael E., William P. Nash, Francis H. Brown, and Robert J. Fleck. "Fallout tuffs of Trapper Creek, Idaho—A record of Miocene explosive volcanism in the Snake River Plain volcanic province." Geological Society of America Bulletin 107, no. 12 (December 1995): 1484–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<1484:ftotci>2.3.co;2.
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Gagliano, A. L., S. Calabrese, K. Daskalopoulou, J. Cabassi, F. Capecchiacci, F. Tassi, M. Bonsignore, et al. "MOBILITY OF MERCURY IN THE VOLCANIC/GEOTHERMAL AREA OF NISYROS (GREECE)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 4 (July 28, 2017): 2118. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.14264.
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In the summer 2013, mercury concentrations in soils and air from Nisyros (Greece), an active volcanic island located in the Aegean Sea, were determined. Up to 102 samples of soil were collected in the Lakki plain caldera and analyzed for mercury by using a cold vapour atomic absorption analyzer, following 7473 US EPA method. Concentrations of mercury in air were also investigated in the same sites with a portable spectrophotometer (Lumex RA-915M). Soil mercury concentrations were in the range from 0.023 to 13.7 µg/g. The mercury concentrations in air showed high background values in the Lakki plain caldera, ranging from 21 to 36 ng/m3 and maximum values up to 493 ng/m3 in the proximity of the fumarolic areas, in contrast with the relatively low values (from 2 to 5 ng/m3 ) measured in the distal sites outside of the caldera. The positive correlation between mercury and CO2 and H2S in the atmosphere highlights the important role of fumarolic gases as carrier for gaseous mercury (Hg0 ). On the contrary, mercury does not show significant correlations with CO2 and H2S in the soil gases. This finding evidences the complexity of the processes affecting mercury in hydrothermal gases passing through the soil.
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Guo, Qian, Caijun Xu, Yangmao Wen, Yang Liu, and Guangyu Xu. "The 2017 Noneruptive Unrest at the Caldera of Cerro Azul Volcano (Galápagos Islands) Revealed by InSAR Observations and Geodetic Modelling." Remote Sensing 11, no. 17 (August 23, 2019): 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11171992.
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An unrest event occurred at the Cerro Azul volcano, Galápagos Islands, South America, in March 2017, leading to significant surface deformation on the southern Isabela Island, without eruption or surface rupture. We collected single-look complex synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images sensed by the Sentinel-1A satellite, obtaining eight differential interferograms, of which four showed extensive surface displacement during the co-unrest period. Geodetic data indicated that the unrest continued from 18 March to 25 March, reaching a negative peak displacement of −32.9 cm in the caldera and a positive peak displacement of 41.8 cm on the south-east plain in the line-of-sight direction. A joint magma source deformation model, consisting of a Mogi source below the caldera and a sill source south-east of the caldera, was inverted by the Markov chain Monte Carlo method combined with the Metropolis–Hasting algorithm, acquiring the best fit with the four interferograms. The magma transport mechanism of the event was explained by magma overflowing from the compressive Mogi to the tensile sill source, resulting in the observed “∞”-shaped deformation fields. Additionally, we investigated previous events with eruption rifts and lava lakes in 1979, 1998, and 2008, and proposed a potential hazard of tectonic volcanic activity for further volcanic susceptibility research in the Cerro Azul area.
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Lasagna, Manuela, Daniela Ducci, Mariangela Sellerino, Susanna Mancini, and Domenico Antonio De Luca. "Meteorological Variability and Groundwater Quality: Examples in Different Hydrogeological Settings." Water 12, no. 5 (May 3, 2020): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051297.
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Rainfall and temperature variability causes changes in groundwater recharge that can also influence groundwater quality by different processes. The aim of this study is the analysis of the hydrogeochemical variations over time due to meteorological variability in two different study areas in Italy: an alluvial aquifer in the Piedmont Po plain and an alluvial-pyroclastic aquifer in the Campanian plain. The examined plains show groundwater with natural quality not satisfying the European drinking water standards, or anthropogenic contamination. The peculiar natural quality is due, in the Campanian plain, to the closeness of volcanic areas, and to the presence of reducing conditions. In Piedmont plain a test site is characterized by a point-source contamination by heavy metals, due to the presence of past industrial activities. In all the examined areas there is a diffuse nitrate contamination. The fluctuations of the ions As, F, Fe, Mn, Cr VI, NO3, and Cl were analyzed and compared, using statistical methods, with the variations over time in precipitation, temperature, and piezometric levels, sometimes significant. Results highlight the importance of the groundwater and meteorological monitoring and the key role of the recharge variation in the hydrogeochemical processes. The linking degree between rainfall/temperature variability and hydrogeochemistry is variable, in function of the typology of chemical species, their origin, and of the aquifer characteristics. The fluctuation of climate variables determines sudden changes in the geochemistry of shallow unconfined aquifers (e.g., in the Piedmont plain), while semiconfined or confined aquifers (e.g., in the Volturno-Regi Lagni plain) react with a greater delay to these variations. Moreover, natural quality is more affected by climatic variations than anthropogenic contamination, which is the result of multiple environmental and anthropic factors.
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Purwantara, Suhadi. "THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFILTRATION ON THE SOUTHERN FLANK OF MERAPI VOLCANIC PLAIN, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA." International Journal of GEOMATE 19, no. 74 (October 1, 2020): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21660/2020.74.52941.
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Morgan, Lisa A., and William C. McIntosh. "Timing and development of the Heise volcanic field, Snake River Plain, Idaho, western USA." Geological Society of America Bulletin 117, no. 3 (2005): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b25519.1.
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Maulana, Karina Meiyanti, Langgeng Wahyu Santosa, and Tjahyo Nugroho Adji. "Groundwater Potential in Unconfined Aquifers Using a Landform Approach in Gorontalo City." Jambura Geoscience Review 5, no. 1 (January 19, 2023): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34312/jgeosrev.v5i1.15185.
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This research aimed to determine the potential of the unconfined aquifer in Gorontalo City based on the landform approach. The landforms in Gorontalo City consist of alluvial plains of lake deposits, floodplains of river deposits, alluvial fans of lake deposits, hills of structural fractures of reef limestones, hills of structural fractures of pinogu volcanic rocks, and hills of intrusive bone diorite. The method used consisted of a meteorological approach in the southern hills of Gorontalo City and a dynamic approach on the plains of Gorontalo City. The calculation of groundwater availability using a meteorological approach is 421.561,67 m3/year in the structural limestone reef fractures hill, 1.198.975,33 m3/year in the structural pinogu volcanic fractures hill, and 373.062,86 m3/year in the intrusive bone diorite hill, with a total of groundwater availability using the meteorological approach, is 1.993.599,87 m3/year. Groundwater availability using a dynamic approach was 2.621.535,19 m3/year or a discharge of 49,26 lt/sec (large) in the alluvial plain of lake sediment, discharge of 17,19 lt/sec (large) in the floodplain of river sediment, and discharge of 16,65 lt/sec (large) in the alluvial fan of lake sediment. The potential value of groundwater using the dynamic method is greater than the meteorological approach because of the amount of evapotranspiration, surface runoff, and crop coefficient.
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Тобратов, С. А., О. С. Железнова, and А. В. Водорезов. "Natural Cyclicity of Explosive Volcanism." Вестник Рязанского государственного университета имени С.А. Есенина, no. 1(74) (April 1, 2022): 138–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2022.74.1.013.
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Рассмотрены причины, факторы и закономерности пульсаций вулканической активности (для извержений с VEI не менее 5, без учета вулканов со щелочными лавами). Установлено соответствие эксплозивных событий 1650-летним (ритмы Петтерсона — Шнитникова) и 60–70-летним циклам природной динамики, порождаемым гравитационными взаимодействиями Земли со смежными объектами Солнечной системы (Луной, Солнцем, Венерой, Юпитером). Отмечено, что максимальные по магнитуде извержения концентрируются на стыках смежных циклов; данная закономерность может иметь прогностическое значение. Обоснование вулкано-климатических взаимосвязей осуществлено с использованием теоретических разработок Н. С. Сидоренкова, устанавливающих ведущую роль в подобных процессах закона сохранения момента импульса; индикаторную роль при этом играет замедление осевого вращения Земли, с эпизодами которого синхронизируются крупные эруптивные события. Подчеркнуто, что совместная динамика вулканизма и климата существует, но объясняется не причинно-следственными, а генетическими связями. Выявлено, что максимальные проявления вулканизма соответствуют холодным и гумидным фазам климатической динамики, захватывая часть последующего потепления, а аридные фазы отличаются минимальной эруптивностью. При этом гидроклиматическим индикатором роста опасности крупных извержений может служить трансгрессивный режим Каспийского моря. Рассмотрены особенности Одинцовского межледниковья и середины теплой эпохи викингов (900–950 годы н. э.), которые, вопреки общим закономерностям, отличались повышенным вулканизмом. На примере горизонтов раннеголоценового реликтового торфяника дана характеристика совместной динамики вулканической активности и климата атлантического периода (эруптивный максимум голоцена), взаимосвязей глобального вулканизма и палеоландшафтных процессов на Русской равнине. Установлено наличие двух гумидных подфаз климатического оптимума голоцена — около 6,5–6,3 и 6,2–6,0 тысяч лет назад. На основании выявленных циклических закономерностей выдвинуто предположение о постепенном ослаблении вулканической активности в ближайшие 600 лет, но в холодные фазы 70-летних циклов и при резком снижении массы полярных ледников следует ожидать локальной активизации вулканизма (ближайший этап активизации — 2035–2045 годы). The article treats the causes, factors and patterns of volcanic activity (eruptions rated at least 5 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index, excluding alkaline volcanoes). The article underlines that volcanic eruptions occurring every 1,650 years or 60–70 years (the Petterson-Shnitnikov pattern) are triggered off by the influence of the celestial bodies of the Solar system (Moon, Sun, Venus, Jupiter). It is highlighted that most powerful eruptions occur when volcanic cycle is over and another is about to begin. This information may have prognostic significance. The connection between volcanic eruptions and climate variability is investigated on the basis of N. S. Sidorenkov’s theoretical research, which underlines the leading role of the law of conservation of angular momentum. The slowdown in the Earth’s axial rotation is an indicator synchronized with major eruptive events. The authors emphasize that the connection between volcanic eruptions and climate variability cannot be explained in the simple cause and effect terms, but are of genetic character. The authors underline that most powerful volcanic eruptions coincide with cold and humid climatic conditions, while arid conditions are associated with minimal eruptive activity. The transgression of the Caspian Sea can serve as a hydro-climatic indicator of increasing hazardous effects of powerful volcanic eruptions. The article investigates the peculiarities of the Odintsovo interglacial period and the mid-Viking Age (900–950 AD), which, contrary to general laws, were characterized by excessive volcanism. The article investigates peat relicts to analyze the connection between volcanic eruptions and climate variability in the Atlantic period (Holocene eruptive maximum), as well as to analyze the interconnection between global volcanism and paleolandscapes on the Russian Plain. The article underlines that there are two humid subphases of the Holocene climatic optimum: 6.5-6.3 and 6.2-6.0 thousand years ago. Relying on the discovered patterns, the authors assume that volcanic activity will gradually weaken during the next 600 years. However, it can be predicted that volcanic activity will increase during cold phases (70 years) accompanied by a sharp decrease in the mass of polar glaciers (the nearest phase of activation is 2035–2045).
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Njonfang, E., and C. Moreau. "The mafic mineralogy of the Pandé massif, Tikar plain, Cameroon: implications for a peralkaline affinity and emplacement from highly evolved alkaline magma." Mineralogical Magazine 64, no. 3 (June 2000): 525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646100549409.
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AbstractThe Pandé massif is a small (4.9×63.4 km) subvolcanic complex of the Cameroon Line striking W – E and intrudes a Panafrican granite basement. It comprises a syenite-granite suite, where coarse- to finegrained syenites are predominant and the granites are the product of residual melt after syenite crystallization, and two volcanic (trachyte-rhyolite and trachyte) sequences. Amphibole and pyroxene are the dominant mafic silicates, the first occurring mainly in rhyolites and coarse- to medium-grained syenites, and the second, principally in all syenites, trachytes and granites. Rare biotite flakes are encountered in the coarse-grained or alkaline syenites and fayalite rimmed with oxides occurs in trachyte from the first volcanic sequence (T1). Apatite and zircon are common accessories, whereas some titanite occurs in the medium-grained syenites. The plutonic rocks are drusy, intrude the first volcanic sequence but pre-date the second (T2).All the mafic minerals are Fe-rich. Detailed studies of amphibole and pyroxene show that their compositions define relatively limited trends, amphibole varying from ferro-richterite to arfvedsonite and pyroxenes along the acmite-hedenbergite join of the Ac-Hd-Di diagram, in both the intrusive suite and volcanic rocks. Where the two minerals coexist, pyroxene crystallized subsequent to amphibole, a situation generally found in late-stage or subsolidus aegirines. The overlap in plutonic and volcanic pyroxene trends suggests their crystallization from magmas of the same composition. However, the presence of quartz and fayalite in T1 and of pure aegirine in T2 and the occurrence of Zr-bearing aegirine (NaZr0.5Fe0.52+Si2O6) in the early crystallizing alkaline syenites evolving towards pure aegirine from medium- to fine-grained quartz syenites and granites, are consistent with changes in oxygen fugacities during magmatic differentiation. Two stages are distinguished: fO2 increasingly decreased from T1 to alkaline syenite emplacement (from 10−16 to 10−24 bracketed by WM and QFM buffers) where a disequilibrium, probably caused by water dissociation with volatile loss (H2) during magma degassing, favoured crystallization of Zr-bearing aegirine; a decrease in amphibole proportions towards medium-grained quartz syenites and an increase in fO2 from the medium-grained quartz syenites to granites and T2 sequence.The Mg-poor nature of all the mafic silicates, subsolidus origin of amphiboles, crystallization of pyroxene subsequent to amphibole and subsolidus trends defined by pyroxenes are compatible with the parental magma having itself been a late-stage derivative magma, e.g. the last product of an alkaline melt from which the voluminous Mayo Darlé granite bodies crystallized.
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Rouquet, Simon, Pierre Boivin, Patrick Lachassagne, and Emmanuel Ledoux. "A 3-D genetic approach to high-resolution geological modelling of the volcanic infill of a paleovalley system. Application to the Volvic catchment (Chaîne des Puys, France)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 183, no. 5 (September 1, 2012): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.183.5.395.
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Abstract The Volvic natural mineral water is catched in a complex volcanic aquifer located in the northern part of the “Chaîne des Puys” volcanic system (Auvergne, France). In the watershed, water transits through scoria cones and basaltic to trachybasaltic lava flows. These aa lava flows, emitted by strombolian cones between 75,000 and 10,000 years ago, are emplaced in deep paleovalleys incised within the variscan crystalline bedrock. The volcanic infill is highly heterogeneous. In order to build a hydrogeological model of the watershed, a simple but robust methodology was developed to reconstruct the bedrock morphology and the volcanic infill in this paleovalley context. This methodology, based on the combination of genetic and geometric approaches, appears to be rather efficient to define both the substratum and the lava flows geometry. A 3D geological model is then proposed. It synthesizes the data from 99 boreholes logs, 2D geoelectric profiles, morphologic clues, datings and petrographic data. A genetic approach, integrating aa lava flow morphology and emplacement behaviour, was used to reconstruct the chronology of the volcanic events and lava flow emplacement from the upper part of the Dômes plateau to the Limagne plain. The precision of the volcanic reconstruction is discussed: the main limitation of the methodology are related to the homogeneity of the petrographic and geochemical composition of the lava flows succession (except for the trachyandesitic Nugere lava), the spatially variable borehole density, the lack of a real petrographical and geological description on most of the available geological logs. Nevertheless, the developed methodology combining spatial and genetic approaches appears to be well adapted to constrain complex lava flow infill geometries in paleovalley context.
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Tompolidi, Athanasia-Maria, Olga Sykioti, Konstantinos Koutroumbas, and Issaak Parcharidis. "Spectral Unmixing for Mapping a Hydrothermal Field in a Volcanic Environment Applied on ASTER, Landsat-8/OLI, and Sentinel-2 MSI Satellite Multispectral Data: The Nisyros (Greece) Case Study." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24 (December 21, 2020): 4180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244180.
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The aim of this study was to propose a methodology that provides a detailed description of the argillic zone of a hydrothermal field, based on satellite multispectral data. More specifically, we developed a method based on spectral unmixing where hydroxyl-bearing alteration is represented by a single endmember (representing clays) and the three (nearly) non-altered primary volcanic lithologies, namely, two types of lava flows (basic and acidic compositions) and the loose materials (alluvial/beach deposits, scree, pyroclastic deposits, etc.), are represented by three endmembers. We also used one endmember representing elemental sulfur that is present in fumarolic vents hosted by active hydrothermal craters. The methodology was applied in the south part of Lakki plain inside the Nisyros volcano caldera (Greece), using Sentinel-2, Landsat-8/OLI, and ASTER satellite multispectral datasets. Specifically, it was applied separately to each one of the three datasets. The spectral unmixing results, combined with the relative geological map, provide quantitative estimations of the primary volcanic and loose material areas affected by alteration. In addition, pixels with high abundance values of hydroxyl-bearing alteration corresponded to mapped areas with strong hydrothermal alteration. The developed methodology is superior to conventional approaches (e.g., alteration spectral index) in terms of its ability to describe the overall pattern of the hydrothermal field. The most accurate results were taken when applied to ASTER or Sentinel-2 MSI data.
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Kusumayudha, Sari Bahagiarti, and Heru Sigit Purwanto. "Enormous Mass Movements, and Gravitational Tectonics Model of the North Serayu Mountains, Karangkobar Area, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java, Indonesia." International Journal of Geology and Earth Sciences 6, no. 1 (March 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijges.6.1.1-8.
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North Serayu Mountains in the Central Java province, Indonesia, stretches with west - east axis, bordered by Slamet volcano to the Bogor Mountains in the west, and delimited by Ungaran volcano to the Kendeng Mountains in the east. In the north of these mountains there is coastal alluvial plain of Java, and in the south there is a depression zone of River Serayu. Overall geomorphostructures of the North Serayu Mountains form a faulted anticlinorium, which one of its flank relatively dipping to the south. In the bottom part of this ranges are such plastic, clastic, clayey sedimentary rocks, Eocene to Miocene aged. While at the upper portion there is a group of elastic, brittle, massive volcanic rocks, andesitic to basaltic composition, Pliocene to Pleistocene aged. A volcano, called Rogo Jembangan stands over the top of the North Serayu anticlinorium, with two of its eccentric cones, namely Mount Telagalele and Mount Pawinihan, situated in the Karangkobar District. North Serayu anticlinorium with a plastic bedrock, which is overlain by elastic, hard, and heavy rock has created such a tectonic model influenced by gravity. Parts of volcano’s body and volcanic rocks blocks in the Banjarnegara Regency area generally move slowly but surely southward over a giant slip plane in the form of orographic fields. Locally, this gravitational tectonic is manifested as mass slides, glides, and creeps, occur any time in the study area. Orogenetics of the North Serayu Mountains is still on going in line with the active tectonism of the Java island, caused by subduction of Indian-Australian plate beneath the Eurasian plate. As long as that is the case, gravitational tectonic will continue to run, and mass movements in the research area will regenerate to happen.
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Tómasson, Haukur. "The jökulhlaup from Katla in 1918." Annals of Glaciology 22 (1996): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1996aog22-1-249-254.
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The greatest event in the 20th-century glaciological history of Iceland has been the glacier burst of Katla on Saturday 12 October 1918. Several cubic kilometres of water and ice were transported by the burst, and over 0.5 km3 of magma surfaced from the Katla caldera. The volcanic material was transported by air and water, and part of it probably formed pillow lava at the eruption site. The volcanic material transported by water was deposited mostly on the Mýrdalssandur plain and at the coast, but part of it was probably carried out to greater depths by gravity currents as the water entered the sea. The peak flow rate during the jökulhlaup was probably over 3 × 105 m3 s−1 of water, with a further 25 Kt s−1 of ice and a similar amount of sediment.
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Tómasson, Haukur. "The jökulhlaup from Katla in 1918." Annals of Glaciology 22 (1996): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500015494.
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The greatest event in the 20th-century glaciological history of Iceland has been the glacier burst of Katla on Saturday 12 October 1918. Several cubic kilometres of water and ice were transported by the burst, and over 0.5 km3 of magma surfaced from the Katla caldera. The volcanic material was transported by air and water, and part of it probably formed pillow lava at the eruption site. The volcanic material transported by water was deposited mostly on the Mýrdalssandur plain and at the coast, but part of it was probably carried out to greater depths by gravity currents as the water entered the sea. The peak flow rate during the jökulhlaup was probably over 3 × 105 m3 s−1 of water, with a further 25 Kt s−1 of ice and a similar amount of sediment.
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MURAMATSU, Yoichi, Kumi OKAZAKI, Eri OSHIRO, and Masatoshi YASUMORO. "Hydrochemistry and genesis of non-volcanic hot springs from the central Kanto Plain, Central Japan." Journal of Groundwater Hydrology 50, no. 3 (2008): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.50.145.
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Liberty, Lee M., Douglas R. Schmitt, and John W. Shervais. "Seismic imaging through the volcanic rocks of the Snake River Plain: insights from Project Hotspot." Geophysical Prospecting 63, no. 4 (June 21, 2015): 919–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12277.
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Mihut, Dona, and R. Dietmar Müller. "Volcanic margin formation and Mesozoic rift propagators in the Cuvier Abyssal Plain off Western Australia." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 103, B11 (November 10, 1998): 27135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97jb02672.
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Mahara, Y. "Noble gases dissolved in groundwater in a volcanic aquifer: Helium isotopes in the Kumamoto Plain." Environmental Geology 25, no. 4 (June 1995): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00766749.
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Bovis, Michael J., and Matthias Jakob. "The July 29, 1998, debris flow and landslide dam at Capricorn Creek, Mount Meager Volcanic Complex, southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37, no. 10 (October 1, 2000): 1321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e00-042.
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A very large debris flow was triggered during a period of record-breaking high temperatures in upper Capricorn Creek, within the Mount Meager Volcanic Complex, a part of the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt of the southern Coast Mountains. The debris flow deposit impounded Meager Creek, creating an 800 m long landslide-dammed lake. The total event volume was 1.2 × 106 m3. The debris flow was followed by three days of almost continuous hyperconcentrated flow surges, which caused significant fluvial aggradation in the Meager Creek flood plain below the Capricorn Creek confluence. Within a few days of the formation of the landslide dam, a spillway notch had been cut through the deposit, thereby preventing the occurrence of a catastrophic dam break. The landslide, which triggered the debris flow, originated in deep volcanic colluvium having a previous history of progressive slope deformation, a consequence of glacial downwasting since the Neoglacial maximum. This paper highlights an important landslide response to recent glacial retreat and suggests that similar events could reoccur within Capricorn Creek, as well as at other sites where steep colluvial and weak bedrock slopes have been glacially debuttressed.
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Diva, Isra Haryati, Usqo Irwanto, Khairul Nizam, Latifa Annur, Dhanu Sekarjati, Beben Graha Putra, Yuliana Safitri, et al. "Investigation Volcanic Land Form and Mapping Landslide Potential at Mount Talang." Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education 2, no. 1 (June 5, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/sjdgge.v2i1.130.
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The survey geomorphology, it is the one apart of applied geomorphology. In case has done investigation character of geomorphological landscape of Mount Talang and mapping of landslide hazard potential. In this research has used some method, the first field observation and sampling for geomorphology character study were conducted. Second the mapping landslide hazard used method the MAFF Japan where integrating physical field data and spatial data using geographic information system. The results of this study where found some volcanic morphology, volcanic cones, upper slopes, middle slope, lower slopes, foot slope, and volcanic plain. The landslide hazard, where involving sources of observation and sampling for the study of geomorphological characters. From the research has found the landslide hazard in four zone, zone (I) land stable and low hazard potential large 9 ha, zone (II) land enough stable and middle hazard potential large 12.295 ha, zone (III) land less stable and high hazard potential large 1.118 ha, and Zone (IV) land unstable and highest hazard potential 0.1 ha. The typical of geomorphology, morphometry, and land use it has really influence to landslide potential to landslide hazard.
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Al-Swaidani, A. M. "Effects of Curing Time on the Performance of Volcanic Scoria-Based Binder Concretes." Archives of Civil Engineering 63, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ace-2017-0009.
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Abstract The objective of the presented paper is to investigate the performance of concrete containing volcanic scoria as cement replacement after 7, 28, 90, and 180 days curing. Five performance indicators have been studied. Compressive strength, water permeability, porosity, chloride penetrability, and reinforcement corrosion resistance have all been evaluated. Concrete specimens were produced with replacement levels ranging from 10 to 35%. Test results revealed that curing time had a large influence on all the examined performance indicators of scoria-based concrete. Water permeability, porosity, and chloride penetrability of scoria-based concrete mixes were much lower than that of plain concrete. Concretes produced with scoria-based binders also decelerated rebar corrosion, particularly after longer curing times. Furthermore, an estimation equation has been developed by the authors to predict the studied performance indicators, focusing on the curing time and the replacement level of volcanic scoria. SEM/EDX analysis has been reported as well.
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Tsunematsu, Nobumitsu, Tomohiro Nagai, Toshiyuki Murayama, Ahoro Adachi, and Yasuhiro Murayama. "Volcanic Ash Transport from Mount Asama to the Tokyo Metropolitan Area Influenced by Large-Scale Local Wind Circulation." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 1248–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jamc1644.1.
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Abstract The eruption of the Mount Asama volcano on 16 September 2004 produced an ash cloud and led to ashfall in the Tokyo metropolitan area that lies on the Kanto Plain. Satellite images showed the ash cloud drifting toward the south in the morning but to the southeast in the afternoon. An aerosol lidar and a ceilometer, installed in the metropolitan area, continuously observed the southeastward-transported ash particles passing at altitudes of 2.6–4.5 km above mean sea level (MSL) in the nighttime. Results of meteorological analyses and numerical experiments showed that the south-to-southeasterly sea breezes and valley winds prevailed at altitudes below 1.5 km MSL over the Kanto Plain in the afternoon and the compensatory return flow (CRF) was formed aloft at altitudes of 1.5–4.5 km MSL as strong northwesterly winds, which were encouraged by a synoptic wind. The numerical experiments also showed that the direction of the ash transport turned from the south to the southeast following the formation of the northwesterly CRF. This demonstrates that the daytime ash transport was influenced by the CRF. The nocturnal ash transport, however, depended on the intensified synoptic wind. Thus, in addition to synoptic winds, the large-scale local wind circulation prevailing over the Kanto Plain can determine the direction of ash transport originating from the Mount Asama volcano and increase the possibility of ashfall in the Tokyo metropolitan area.
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Schusler, Kyle L., David M. Pearson, Michael McCurry, Roy C. Bartholomay, and Mark H. Anders. "Regionally continuous Miocene rhyolites beneath the eastern Snake River Plain reveal localized flexure at its western margin: Idaho National Laboratory and vicinity." Mountain Geologist 57, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 241–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31582/rmag.mg.57.3.241.
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The eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) is a northeast-trending topographic basin interpreted to be the result of the time-transgressive track of the North American plate above the Yellowstone hotspot. The track is defined by the age progression of silicic volcanic rocks exposed along the margins of the ESRP. However, the bulk of these silicic rocks are buried under 1 to 3 kilometers of younger basalts. Here, silicic volcanic rocks recovered from boreholes that penetrate below the basalts, including INEL-1, WO-2 and new deep borehole USGS-142, are correlated with one another and to surface exposures to assess various models for ESRP subsidence. These correlations are established on U/Pb zircon and 40Ar/39Ar sanidine age determinations, phenocryst assemblages, major and trace element geochemistry, δ18O isotopic data from selected phenocrysts, and initial εHf values of zircon. These data suggest a correlation of: (1) the newly documented 8.1 ± 0.2 Ma rhyolite of Butte Quarry (sample 17KS03), exposed near Arco, Idaho to the upper-most Picabo volcanic field rhyolites found in borehole INEL-1; (2) the 6.73 ± 0.02 Ma East Arco Hills rhyolite (sample 16KS02) to the Blacktail Creek Tuff, which was also encountered at the bottom of borehole WO-2; and (3) the 6.42 ± 0.07 Ma rhyolite of borehole USGS-142 to the Walcott Tuff B encountered in deep borehole WO-2. These results show that rhyolites found along the western margin of the ESRP dip ~20º south-southeast toward the basin axis, and then gradually tilt less steeply in the subsurface as the axis is approached. This subsurface pattern of tilting is consistent with a previously proposed crustal flexural model of subsidence based only on surface exposures, but is inconsistent with subsidence models that require accommodation of ESRP subsidence on either a major normal fault or strike-slip fault.
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Dec, Tomasz, H. Scott Swinden, and R. Greg Dunning. "Lithostratigraphy and geochemistry of the Cottrells Cove Group, Buchans – Roberts Arm volcanic belt: new constraints for the paleotectonic setting of the Notre Dame Subzone, Newfoundland Appalachians." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e17-008.
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New sedimentological, geochemical, and geochronological data from the Cottrells Cove Group in central Newfoundland provide important constraints on the nature of the Notre Dame Subzone, its tectonic setting, and the history of the Laurentian margin during the Early Ordovician. The Cottrells Cove Group forms the eastern extension of the Roberts Arm Group and correlates with the Chanceport Group on New World Island. It is represented by two volcano-sedimentary formations that occur in a complex thrust stack. The Fortune Harbour Formation consists of calc-alkalic, island-arc lavas, followed by a 1250 m thick succession of volcaniclastic deposits, radiolarian cherts, and calc-alkalic, mafic flows, which were deposited in a back-arc, basin-plain setting. The volcaniclastic deposits include felsic tuff, which has a U–Pb zircon age of 484 ± 2 Ma and an inheritance component of 2517 ± 26 Ma. These new U–Pb and Nd-isotope data suggest that the island-arc–back-arc volcanism and sedimentation in the Notre Dame Subzone developed in the vicinity of continental margin and approximately 10 Ma earlier than has previously been established. The Moores Cove Formation is undated but contains boulders of calc-alkalic basalt and is presumed to be at least in part younger than the Fortune Harbour Formation. Tholeiitic lavas, together with associated radiolarian cherts and volcaniclastic deposits, constitute the basal part of the Moores Cove Formation and may have been deposited in a back-arc environment synchronously with some parts of the Fortune Harbour Formation. They are conformably followed by an over 1200 m thick, coarsening-upward succession of lower-slope and submarine-fan deposits. The polymictic flysch, containing clasts of island-arc basalt, accompanied by other volcanic, plutonic, ultramafic, and sedimentary detritus, may record Middle or Upper Ordovician uplift and erosion of obducted arc–back-arc, volcano-sedimentary sequences and their ophiolitic substrate.
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Priyana, Yuli, and Rohman Hakim. "The Potential of Umbul Sungsang Spring Water for Drinking Wate, PDAM, and Irigation Purposes at Banyudono, Boyolali, Central Java." Forum Geografi 15, no. 2 (December 20, 2016): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v15i2.4574.
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Umbul Sungsang spring located in the foot of a Merapi is on shift zone between volcanic foot plain and fluvial volcanic fott plain constitutes spring belt. Up to the present, the population use that spring for drinking water and irrigation. The planning of taking water by Municipal Waterworks to supply Solo population causes people around it worried because the usually use that spring. Therefore it is needed to conduct a research to know the potential of that spring. The aim of this research is to account how much the need of drinking water, manucipal waterworks and irrigation and the potential of the spring which is available. The research uses survey method. Primary and secondary data are collected, analyzed quantitatively by using software aid to do simulation the need of irrigation. The result of the research shows that the need of drinking water is 0.068 lt/second/day taken in dry season; manucipal waterworks uses 200 lt/second/day and for irrigation is about 442.2 lt/second/day with the pattern rice – tobacco – rice. Irrigation is also supplied from Bendung Bukur Ireng. The result of the research also shows that in October period I, II, III, and November period II and I lack of water. Therefore municipal waterworks must not use water on Otober and November, while on July and September adjust to the rest of discharge of water, which is available. Its water quality fulfils the requirement for various needs.
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Szymanowski, Dawid, Ben S. Ellis, Olivier Bachmann, Marcel Guillong, and William M. Phillips. "Bridging basalts and rhyolites in the Yellowstone–Snake River Plain volcanic province: The elusive intermediate step." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 415 (April 2015): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.01.041.
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Vogel, Sebastian, Michael Märker, and Florian Seiler. "Revised modelling of the post-AD 79 volcanic deposits of Somma-Vesuvius to reconstruct the pre-AD 79 topography of the Sarno River plain (Italy)." Geologica Carpathica 62, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-011-0001-3.
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Revised modelling of the post-AD 79 volcanic deposits of Somma-Vesuvius to reconstruct the pre-AD 79 topography of the Sarno River plain (Italy) In this study the methodology proposed by Vogel & Märker (2010) to reconstruct the pre-AD 79 topography and paleo-environmental features of the Sarno River plain (Italy) was considerably revised and improved. The methodology is based on an extensive dataset of stratigraphical information from the entire Sarno River plain, a high-resolution present-day digital elevation model (DEM) and a classification and regression tree approach. The dataset was re-evaluated and 32 additional stratigraphical drillings were collected in areas that were not or insufficiently covered by previous stratigraphic data. Altogether, an assemblage of 1,840 drillings, containing information about the depth from the present-day surface to the pre-AD 79 paleo-surface (thickness of post-AD 79 deposits) and the character of the pre-AD 79 paleo-layer of the Sarno River plain was utilized. Moreover, an improved preprocessing of the input parameters attained a distinct progress in model performance in comparison to the previous model of Vogel & Märker (2010). Subsequently, a spatial model of the post-AD 79 deposits was generated. The modelled deposits were then used to reconstruct the pre-AD 79 topography of the Sarno River plain. Moreover, paleo-environmental and paleo-geomorphological features such as the paleo-coastline, the paleo-Sarno River and its floodplain, alluvial fans near the Tyrrhenian coast as well as abrasion terraces of historical and protohistorical coastlines were identified. This reconstruction represents a qualitative improvement of the previous work by Vogel & Märker (2010).
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Kennedy, Kirsten, and Martin R. Gibling. "The Campbellton Formation, New Brunswick, Canada: paleoenvironments in an important Early Devonian terrestrial locality." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 48, no. 12 (December 2011): 1561–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e11-055.
Full textAbstract:
Strata of the Campbellton Formation, nearly 1 km-thick and known for its diverse fossil assemblage of early plants, arthropods, and fish, can be divided into six facies associations: (1) restricted lacustrine, (2) marginal lacustrine, (3) near-shore lacustrine, (4) coastal-deltaic, (5) sandy to gravelly alluvial plain, and (6) gravelly proximal alluvial environments. Lacustrine deposits with restricted circulation, due to depth or stagnation, are fine-grained with preserved organic material. The marginal lacustrine association consists of massive siltstone and very fine sandstone, interbedded with conglomerate. The latter are interpreted to have shed from older volcanic units forming the basin walls. The near-shore lacustrine association is characterized by rippled sandstone with microbialites. Alluvial strata include interbedded imbricate to nonimbricate conglomerate, trough cross-stratified sandstone, and barren to plant-bearing siltstone. Rare exposures of thickly bedded imbricate to weakly imbricated cobble–boulder conglomerate with sandy plant-bearing lenses are interpreted as products of hyperconcentrated debris flows. In the western belt, a braided-fluvial system had paleocurrents flowing WNW. Coastal-deltaic deposits west of the fluvial outcrops, containing aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates, had paleocurrents flowing ESE, suggesting a confined body of fresh or brackish water. In lower parts of the eastern belt, lacustrine facies are prevalent, representing a large open lake. Alluvial facies dominate upper parts of the formation, representing an eastward-flowing axial braided river system, with proximal alluvium shed transversely from the basin margins. Although most strata have a volcanic provenance, only one outcrop in the lacustrine beds shows evidence of active volcanism during deposition of the Campbellton Formation.
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Wang, Xue, Zhan Xing Yang, and Jing Lin Jiang. "Geological Features of Fuxin Gold Deposit." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.130.
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Fuxin city is a part of low mountains and hills in Liaoning western, the plain and the hill occupy respectively 1/2. Metallogenic geological conditions of gold in Fuxin regions is superior, the types of mineral deposits is diverse, and it is dominated by Antique eon tough shear zone greenstone(mylonite) and altered rock type, volcanic type take second place, potential resource is larger, is an important production base of Liaoning province even the country. Therefore researching the geological characteristics of gold deposits in Fuxin region is of great significance.