Relevant bibliographies by topics / Volcanism Explosive volcanic eruptions

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Academic literature on the topic 'Volcanism Explosive volcanic eruptions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Volcanism Explosive volcanic eruptions"

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Druitt, T. H., R. A. Mellors, D. M. Pyle, and R. S. J. Sparks. "Explosive volcanism on Santorini, Greece." Geological Magazine 126, no. 2 (March 1989): 95–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800006270.

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AbstrctSantorini volcanic field has had 12 major (1–10 km3 or more of magma), and numerous minor, explosive eruptions over the last ~ 200 ka. Deposits from these eruptions (Thera Pyroclastic Formation) are well exposed in caldera-wall successions up to 200 m thick. Each of the major eruptions began with a pumice-fall phase, and most culminated with emplacement of pyroclastic flows. Pyroclastic flows of at least six eruptions deposited proximal lag deposits exposed widely in the caldera wall. The lag deposits include coarse-grained lithic breccias (andesitic to rhyodacitic eruptions) and spatter agglomerates (andesitic eruptions only). Facies associations between lithic breccia, spatter agglomerate, and ignimbrite from the same eruption can be very complex. For some eruptions, lag deposits provide the only evidence for pyroclastic flows, because most of the ignimbrite is buried on the lower flanks of Santorini or under the sea. At least eight eruptions tapped compositionally heterogeneous magma chambers, producing deposits with a range of zoning patterns and compositional gaps. Three eruptions display a silicic–silicic + mafic–silicic zoning not previously reported. Four eruptions vented large volumes of dacitic or rhyodacitic pumice, and may account for 90% or more of all silicic magma discharged from Santorini. The Thera Pyroclastic Formation and coeval lavas record two major mafic-to-silicic cycles of Santorini volcanism. Each cycle commenced with explosive eruptions of andesite or dacite, accompanied by construction of composite shields and stratocones, and culminated in a pair of major dacitic or rhyodacitic eruptions. Sequences of scoria and ash deposits occur between most of the twelve major members and record repeated stratocone or shield construction following a large explosive eruption.Volcanism at Santorini has focussed on a deep NE–SW basement fracture, which has acted as a pathway for magma ascent. At least four major explosive eruptions began at a vent complex on this fracture. Composite volcanoes constructed north of the fracture were dissected by at least three caldera-collapse events associated with the pyroclastic eruptions. Southern Santorini consists of pryoclastic ejecta draped over a pre-volcanic island and a ridge of early- to mid-Pleistocene volcanics. The southern half of the present-day caldera basin is a long-lived, essentially non-volcanic, depression, defined by topographic highs to the south and east, but deepened by subsidence associated with the main northern caldera complex, and is probably not a separate caldera.
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Tilling, R. I. "Volcanism and associated hazards: the Andean perspective." Advances in Geosciences 22 (December 14, 2009): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-22-125-2009.

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Abstract. Andean volcanism occurs within the Andean Volcanic Arc (AVA), which is the product of subduction of the Nazca Plate and Antarctica Plates beneath the South America Plate. The AVA is Earth's longest but discontinuous continental-margin volcanic arc, which consists of four distinct segments: Northern Volcanic Zone, Central Volcanic Zone, Southern Volcanic Zone, and Austral Volcanic Zone. These segments are separated by volcanically inactive gaps that are inferred to indicate regions where the dips of the subducting plates are too shallow to favor the magma generation needed to sustain volcanism. The Andes host more volcanoes that have been active during the Holocene (past 10 000 years) than any other volcanic region in the world, as well as giant caldera systems that have produced 6 of the 47 largest explosive eruptions (so-called "super eruptions") recognized worldwide that have occurred from the Ordovician to the Pleistocene. The Andean region's most powerful historical explosive eruption occurred in 1600 at Huaynaputina Volcano (Peru). The impacts of this event, whose eruptive volume exceeded 11 km3, were widespread, with distal ashfall reported at distances >1000 km away. Despite the huge size of the Huaynaputina eruption, human fatalities from hazardous processes (pyroclastic flows, ashfalls, volcanogenic earthquakes, and lahars) were comparatively small owing to the low population density at the time. In contrast, lahars generated by a much smaller eruption (<0.05 km3) in 1985 of Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia) killed about 25 000 people – the worst volcanic disaster in the Andean region as well as the second worst in the world in the 20th century. The Ruiz tragedy has been attributed largely to ineffective communications of hazards information and indecisiveness by government officials, rather than any major deficiencies in scientific data. Ruiz's disastrous outcome, however, together with responses to subsequent hazardous eruptions in Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru has spurred significant improvements in reducing volcano risk in the Andean region. But much remains to be done.
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Zielinski, Gregory A., Paul A. Mayewski, L. David Meeker, S. Whitlow, and Mark S. Twickler. "A 110,000-Yr Record of Explosive Volcanism from the GISP2 (Greenland) Ice Core." Quaternary Research 45, no. 2 (March 1996): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1996.0013.

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AbstractThe time series of volcanically produced sulfate from the GISP2 ice core is used to develop a continuous record of explosive volcanism over the past 110,000 yr. We identified ∼850 volcanic signals (700 of these from 110,000 to 9000 yr ago) with sulfate concentrations greater than that associated with historical eruptions from either equatorial or mid-latitude regions that are known to have perturbed global or Northern Hemisphere climate, respectively. This number is a minimum because decreasing sampling resolution with depth, source volcano location, variable circulation patterns at the time of the eruption, and post-depositional modification of the signal can result in an incomplete record. The largest and most abundant volcanic signals over the past 110,000 yr, even after accounting for lower sampling resolution in the earlier part of the record, occur between 17,000 and 6000 yr ago, during and following the last deglaciation. A second period of enhanced volcanism occurs 35,000–22,000 yr ago, leading up to and during the last glacial maximum. These findings further support a possible climate-forcing component in volcanism. Increased volcanism often occurs during stadial/interstadial transitions within the last glaciation, but this is not consistent over the entire cycle. Ages for some of the largest known eruptions 100,000–9000 yr ago closely correspond to individual sulfate peaks or groups of peaks in our record.
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Blake, Stephanie A. P., Sophie C. Lewis, Allegra N. LeGrande, and Ron L. Miller. "Assessing the impact of large volcanic eruptions of the last millennium (850–1850 CE) on Australian rainfall regimes." Climate of the Past 14, no. 6 (June 18, 2018): 811–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-811-2018.

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Abstract. Explosive volcanism is an important natural climate forcing, impacting global surface temperatures and regional precipitation. Although previous studies have investigated aspects of the impact of tropical volcanism on various ocean–atmosphere systems and regional climate regimes, volcanic eruptions remain a poorly understood climate forcing and climatic responses are not well constrained. In this study, volcanic eruptions are explored in particular reference to Australian precipitation, and both the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Using nine realisations of the last millennium (LM) (850–1850 CE) with different time-evolving forcing combinations, from the NASA GISS ModelE2-R, the impact of the six largest tropical volcanic eruptions of this period are investigated. Overall, we find that volcanic aerosol forcing increased the likelihood of El Niño and positive IOD conditions for up to four years following an eruption, and resulted in positive precipitation anomalies over north-west (NW) and south-east (SE) Australia. Larger atmospheric sulfate loading during larger volcanic eruptions coincided with more persistent positive IOD and El Niño conditions, enhanced positive precipitation anomalies over NW Australia, and dampened precipitation anomalies over SE Australia.
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Vougioukalakis, Georges E., Christopher G. Satow, and Timothy H. Druitt. "Volcanism of the South Aegean Volcanic Arc." Elements 15, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.15.3.159.

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Volcanism along the South Aegean volcanic arc began about 4.7 Ma and has lasted until the present day, with eruptions at Methana, Milos, Santorini, Kolumbo and Nisyros volcanoes in historical times. These volcanoes can be grouped into five volcanic fields: three western fields of small, mostly monogenetic edifices, and two central/eastern fields with composite cones and calderas that have produced large explosive eruptions. Crustal tectonics exerts a strong control over the locations of edifices and vents at all five volcanic fields. Tephra and cryptotephra layers in deep-marine sediments preserve a continuous record of arc volcanism in the Aegean as far back as 200,000 years. Hazards from the volcanoes include high ash plumes, pyroclastic flows and tsunamis. Monitoring networks should be improved and expanded.
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Kereszturi, Gábor, and Károly Németh. "Shallow-seated controls on the evolution of the Upper Pliocene Kopasz-hegy nested monogenetic volcanic chain in the Western Pannonian Basin (Hungary)." Geologica Carpathica 62, no. 6 (December 1, 2011): 535–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-011-0038-3.

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Shallow-seated controls on the evolution of the Upper Pliocene Kopasz-hegy nested monogenetic volcanic chain in the Western Pannonian Basin (Hungary)Monogenetic, nested volcanic complexes (e.g. Tihany) are common landforms in the Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field (BBHVF, Hungary), which was active during the Late Miocene up to the Early Pleistocene. These types of monogenetic volcanoes are usually evolved in a slightly different way than their "simple" counterparts. The Kopasz-hegy Volcanic Complex (KVC) is inferred to be a vent complex, which evolved in a relatively complex way as compared to a classical "sensu stricto" monogenetic volcano. The KVC is located in the central part of the BBHVF and is one of the youngest (2.8-2.5 Ma) volcanic erosion remnants of the field. In this study, we carried out volcanic facies analysis of the eruptive products of the KVC in order to determine the possible role of changing magma fragmentation styles and/or vent migration responsible for the formation of this volcano. The evolution of the KVC started with interaction of water-saturated Late Miocene (Pannonian) mud, sand, sandstone with rising basaltic magma triggering phreatomagmatic explosive maar-diatreme forming eruptions. These explosive eruptions in the northern part of the volcanic complex took place in a N-S aligned paleovalley. As groundwater supply was depleted during volcanic activity the eruption style became dominated by more magmatic explosive-fragmentation leading to the formation of a mostly spatter-dominated scoria cone that is capping the basal maar-diatreme deposits. Subsequent vent migration along a few hundred meters long fissure still within the paleovalley caused the opening of the younger phreatomagmatic southern vent adjacent to the already established northern maar. This paper describes how change in eruption styles together with lateral migration of the volcanism forms an amalgamated vent complex.
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Marzano, Frank S., Errico Picciotti, Mario Montopoli, and Gianfranco Vulpiani. "Inside Volcanic Clouds: Remote Sensing of Ash Plumes Using Microwave Weather Radars." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 94, no. 10 (October 1, 2013): 1567–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00160.1.

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Microphysical and dynamical features of volcanic tephra due to Plinian and sub-Plinian eruptions can be quantitatively monitored by using ground-based microwave weather radars. The methodological rationale and unique potential of this remote-sensing technique are illustrated and discussed. Volume data, acquired by ground-based weather radars, are processed to automatically classify and estimate ash particle concentration and fallout. The physical– statistical retrieval algorithm is based on a backscattering microphysical model of fine, coarse, and lapilli ash particles, used within a Bayesian classification and optimal estimation methodology. The experimental evidence of the usefulness and limitations of radar acquisitions for volcanic ash monitoring is supported by describing several case studies of volcanic eruptions all over the world. The radar sensitivity due to the distance and the system noise, as well as the various radar bands and configurations (i.e., Doppler and dual polarized), are taken into account. The discussed examples of radar-derived ash concentrations refer to the case studies of the Augustine volcano eruption in 2002, observed in Alaska by an S-band radar; the Grímsvötn volcano eruptions in 2004 and 2011, observed in Iceland by C- and X-band weather radars and compared with in situ samples; and the Mount Etna volcano eruption in 2011, observed by an X-band polarimetric radar. These applications demonstrate the variety of radar-based products that can be derived and exploited for the study of explosive volcanism.
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KARACIK, ZEKIYE, and SENGUL C. GENÇ. "Volcano-stratigraphy of the extension-related silicic volcanism of the Çubukludağ Graben, western Turkey: an example of generation of pyroclastic density currents." Geological Magazine 151, no. 3 (July 19, 2013): 492–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756813000435.

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AbstractWestern Turkey's extension-related Cumaovası volcanic rocks (Lower Miocene, 17 Ma) are excellent examples of silicic eruptions. The sub-aerial silicic volcanism at Çubukludağ Graben between İzmir and Kuşadası in west–central Anatolia is mainly in the form of rhyolite domes, lava flows and pyroclastic deposits. The initial features of volcanism derived from phreatomagmatic explosive eruptions from silicic magma that came into contact with lake waters during Neogene times. Most of the volcanic succession represents pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), known as the Kuner ignimbrite. The deposits are fine grained and laminated at the base and pass laterally and vertically into deposits displaying well-developed traction structures, soft sediment deformation and/or erosion channels in the NE part of the region. Alternate deposits of massive, diffusely stratified lapilli and ash are the main products of the later explosive stage. Massive lithic breccias forming the top of the sequences are the proximal facies of the PDCs. The lava phase mainly consists of rhyolite extruded as dome and fissure eruptions of lavas, aligned along NE–SW-trending faults as well as from extensional cracks that are nearly perpendicular to the main graben faults. Considering the tectono-stratigraphical aspects and geochemical nature of the study area, we propose that the Cumaovası silicic volcanism was produced by extension-related crustal melting during the Late–Early Miocene period (17 Ma).
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Emile-Geay, Julien, Richard Seager, Mark A. Cane, Edward R. Cook, and Gerald H. Haug. "Volcanoes and ENSO over the Past Millennium." Journal of Climate 21, no. 13 (July 1, 2008): 3134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1884.1.

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Abstract The controversial claim that El Niño events might be partially caused by radiative forcing due to volcanic aerosols is reassessed. Building on the work of Mann et al., estimates of volcanic forcing over the past millennium and a climate model of intermediate complexity are used to draw a diagram of El Niño likelihood as a function of the intensity of volcanic forcing. It is shown that in the context of this model, only eruptions larger than that of Mt. Pinatubo (1991, peak dimming of about 3.7 W m−2) can shift the likelihood and amplitude of an El Niño event above the level of the model’s internal variability. Explosive volcanism cannot be said to trigger El Niño events per se, but it is found to raise their likelihood by 50% on average, also favoring higher amplitudes. This reconciles, on one hand, the demonstration by Adams et al. of a statistical relationship between explosive volcanism and El Niño and, on the other hand, the ability to predict El Niño events of the last 148 yr without knowledge of volcanic forcing. The authors then focus on the strongest eruption of the millennium (A.D. 1258), and show that it is likely to have favored the occurrence of a moderate-to-strong El Niño event in the midst of prevailing La Niña–like conditions induced by increased solar activity during the well-documented Medieval Climate Anomaly. Compiling paleoclimate data from a wide array of sources, a number of important hydroclimatic consequences for neighboring areas is documented. The authors propose, in particular, that the event briefly interrupted a solar-induced megadrought in the southwestern United States. Most of the time, however, volcanic eruptions are found to be too small to significantly affect ENSO statistics.
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Dee, Sylvia G., Kim M. Cobb, Julien Emile-Geay, Toby R. Ault, R. Lawrence Edwards, Hai Cheng, and Christopher D. Charles. "No consistent ENSO response to volcanic forcing over the last millennium." Science 367, no. 6485 (March 26, 2020): 1477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aax2000.

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The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) shapes global climate patterns yet its sensitivity to external climate forcing remains uncertain. Modeling studies suggest that ENSO is sensitive to sulfate aerosol forcing associated with explosive volcanism but observational support for this effect remains ambiguous. Here, we used absolutely dated fossil corals from the central tropical Pacific to gauge ENSO’s response to large volcanic eruptions of the last millennium. Superposed epoch analysis reveals a weak tendency for an El Niño–like response in the year after an eruption, but this response is not statistically significant, nor does it appear after the outsized 1257 Samalas eruption. Our results suggest that those models showing a strong ENSO response to volcanic forcing may overestimate the size of the forced response relative to natural ENSO variability.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Volcanism Explosive volcanic eruptions"

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Hellwig, Bridget M. "The viscosity of dacitic liquids measured at conditions relevant to explosive arc volcanism determing the influence of temperature, silicate composition, and dissolved volatile content /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4597.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (February 7, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Bower, S. M. "Models of explosive volcanic eruptions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596823.

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This thesis describes the investigation of fluid dynamic processes involved in maintained explosive volcanic eruptions. The thesis is divided into chapters relating to dynamical processes in a volcanic system: evolution and evacuation of a reservoir of molten rock, flow in a narrow conduit to the Earth's surface, and subsequent transport in the atmosphere. In chapter 2, we calculate the mass erupted, prior to caldera collapse, from a chamber as the pressure changes from a certain overpressure to a specified underpressure at which wall collapse occurs. The compressibility of the magma increases significantly as the pressure falls and the magma becomes saturated in volatiles. Magma saturation exerts a dominant control on the amount of magma erupted. We also examine the effects on mass erupted of the chamber shape, size and depth beneath the Earth's surface, the magma composition and the strength of country rock. Finally, we demonstrate applications of our results to various historical eruptions, including the eruption at Vesuvius in 79A.D. and the eruption at Mt St Helens in 1980. During maintained explosive volcanic eruptions, fragmented silicic magma and volatiles exit the vent with pressures typically in the range 10-100 atm and at the speed of sound of the mixture. In chapter 3, we review previous models of magma ascent up a conduit and identify some new scalings for the exit velocity as a function of the speed of sound of the mixture. In chapter 4, we combine models of evolution of the magma chamber with models of ascent of magma up the conduit to make estimates of the duration of the eruption and examine the rate of change in eruption rate with time under conditions of decreasing chamber pressure, changing magma volatile content and conduit widening due to erosion. Finally, we demonstrate an application of our results to the historical eruptions at Vesuvius in 79A.D. and at Mt St Helens in 1980. After decompression, the bulk of the material may ascend as a larger convecting eruption column or collapse to form a dense fountain which sheds ash flows around the vent. In chapter 5, we model the decompression of jets beyond the vent. We describe a jet freely decompressing into the atmosphere or into a crater, coupling our results with models of eruption column formation. We show that decompression through a crater may cause collapse at relatively small eruption rates, while it may promote formation of buoyant eruption columns at higher eruption rates. If a crater grows through erosion during an eruption, then typically a transition in eruption style may occur from an eruption column to column collapse.
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Herd, Richard Angus. "Degassing mechanisms during explosive volcanic eruptions." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239117.

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García, Pérez Olaya. "The explosive volcanism of Teide-Pico Viejo volcanic complex, Canary Island." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/130923.

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The explosive events in Teide Pico Viejo (TPV) complex in Tenerife Island (Spain) have traditionally been restricted to the subplinian eruption of Montaña Blanca, which occurred about 2000 years ago. A recent revision of the stratigraphy of TPV shows that phonolitic explosive activity has been significant during the Holocene, with several distinct episodes related to eruptions ranging from Strombolian to sub-plinian. Using field, mineralogical and geochemical stratigraphic correlations, we have identified 11 phonolitic explosive eruptions related to the satellite domes present all around TPV complex. One of the most representative eruptions is that of El Boqueron (5,660 yBP), a dome that generated an explosive event of VEI 3 with a minimum volume of 4-6x107 m3 and produced a plume with a height of up to 9km above sea level (MER 6.9-8.2x105 kg/s, during 9-15 h). The occurrence of these explosive events in the recent eruptive record of TPV is of major importance in evaluating the risk imposed by the volcanic complex on Tenerife. These eruptions have generated a wide range of direct hazards, such as fallout, emplacement of pyroclastic density currents, debris flows, lahars, and rock avalanches, which could occur again in case of a renewal of volcanic activity. The results obtained in our study are relevant to define realistic and precise eruptive scenarios for TPV and to assess its associated hazard, a necessary step in the evaluation and mitigations of volcanic risk in Tenerife
El complejo volcánico Teide Pico Viejo (TPV) es un stratovolcano situado en la isla de Tenerife, Islas Canarias, y ha sido considerado por la UNESCO el sistema volcánico activo más peligroso en Europa. Los eventos explosivos en el complejo TPV se han limitado tradicionalmente a la erupción subplinian de Montaña Blanca, que ocurrió hace unos 2000 años. Una reciente revisión de la estratigrafía muestra que la actividad explosiva fonolítica asociada a TPV ha sido significativa durante el Holoceno, presentado distintos episodios relacionados con erupciones que varían en tamaño de estromboliano a sub-pliniano. A través de las correlaciones estratigráficas obtenidas mediante observaciones de campo y datos de mineralógicos y geoquímicos, se han identificado 11 erupciones explosivas fonolítica relacionados con los domos satélite presentes en todo complejo TPV. Una de las erupciones más representativa es El Boquerón (5660 YBP), un domo que generó un evento explosivo de VEI 3 con un volumen mínimo de 4-6x107 m3 y produjo una columna con una altura de hasta 9 kilometros sobre el nivel del mar ( MER 6.9-8.2x105 kg / s, durante 9-15 h). La ocurrencia de estos eventos explosivos en el reciente registro eruptivo del complejo TPV es de gran importancia para evaluar el riesgo impuesto por el complejo volcánico en Tenerife. Estas erupciones han generado una amplia gama de amenazas directas, como los depósitos de caida, emplazamiento de las corrientes piroclásticas densidad, flujo de derrubios, lahares y avalanchas de roca, lo que podría ocurrir de nuevo en caso de renovación de la actividad volcánica. Los resultados obtenidos en nuestro estudio son relevantes para definir escenarios eruptivos realista y precisos para el complejo TPV y para evaluar su riesgo asociado, un paso necesario en la evaluación y mitigación del riesgo volcánico en Tenerife
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Bardot, Leon. "Explosive volcanism on Santorini : palaeomagnetic estimation of emplacement temperatures of pyroclastics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360162.

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Calder, Eliza Shona. "Dynamics of small to intermediate volume pyroclastic flows." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297925.

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Telling, Jennifer Whitney. "An experimental evaluation of the role of water vapor and collisional energy on ash aggregation in explosive volcanic eruptions." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43674.

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Eruption dynamics are sensitive to ash aggregation, and ash aggregates (e.g. accretionary lapilli) are commonly found in eruptive deposits, yet few experiments have been conducted on aggregation phenomena using natural materials. Experiments were developed to produce a probabilistic relationship for the efficiency of ash aggregation with respect to particle size, collision kinetic energy and atmospheric water vapor. The laboratory experiments were carried out in an enclosed tank designed to allow for the control of atmospheric water vapor. A synthetic ash proxy, ballotini, and ash from the 2006 eruption of Tungurahua, in Ecuador, were examined for their aggregation potential. Image data was recorded with a high speed camera and post-processed to determine the number of collisions, energy of collisions and probability of aggregation. Aggregation efficiency was dominantly controlled by collision kinetic energy and little to no dependence on atmospheric water vapor was seen in the range of relative humidity conditions tested, 20 to 80%. Equations governing the relationships between aggregation efficiency and collision kinetic energy and the related particle Stokes number, respectively, were determined for implementation into large scale numerical volcanic models.
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Ruscitto, Daniel M. 1981. "Magmatic volatile contents and explosive cinder cone eruptions in the High Cascades: Recent volcanism in Central Oregon and Northern California." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11262.

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xvi, 182 p. : col. ill.
Volatile components (H 2 O, CO 2 , S, Cl) dissolved in magmas influence all aspects of volcanic activity from magma formation to eruption explosivity. Understanding the behavior of volatiles is critical for both mitigating volcanic hazards and attaining a deeper understanding of large-scale geodynamic processes. This work relates the dissolved volatile contents in olivine-hosted melt inclusions from young volcanics in the Central Oregon and Northern California Cascades to inferred magmatic processes at depth and subsequent eruptive activity at the surface. Cinder cone eruptions are the dominant form of Holocene volcanism in the Central Oregon segment of the High Cascades. Detailed field study of deposits from three cinder cones in Central Oregon reveals physical and compositional similarities to explosive historic eruptions characterized as violent strombolian. This work has important implications for future hazard assessments in the region. Based on melt inclusion data, pre-eruptive volatile contents for seven calc-alkaline cinder cones vary from 1.7-3.6 wt.% H 2 O, 1200-2100 ppm S, and 500-1200 ppm Cl. Subarc mantle temperatures inferred from H 2 O and trace elements are similar to or slightly warmer than temperatures in other arcs, consistent with a young and hot incoming plate. High-magnesium andesites (HMA) are relatively rare but potentially important in the formation of continental crust. Melt inclusions from a well-studied example of HMA from near Mt. Shasta, CA were examined because petrographic evidence for magma mixing has stimulated a recent debate over the origin of HMA magmas. High volatile contents (3.5-5.6 wt.% H 2 O, 830-2900 ppm S, 1590-2580 ppm Cl), primitive host crystals, and compositional similarities with experiments suggest that these inclusions represent mantle-derived magmas. The Cascades arc is the global end member, warm-slab subduction zone. Primitive magma compositions from the Cascades are compared to data for arcs spanning the global range in slab thermal state to examine systematic differences in slab-derived components added to the mantle wedge. H 2 O/Ce, Cl/Nb, and Ba/La ratios negatively correlate with inferred slab surface temperatures predicted by geodynamic models. Slab components become increasingly solute-rich as slab surface temperatures increase from ∼550 to 950°C at 120 km depth. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.
Committee in charge: Dr. Paul J. Wallace, Chair and Advisor; Dr. Katharine Cashman, Member; Dr. Ilya Bindeman, Member; Dr. Richard Taylor, Outside Member
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Rust, Alison C. "Viscosity, deformation and permeability of bubbly magma : applications to flow and degassing in volcanic conduits /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3113026.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-205). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Zhuo, Zhihong [Verfasser]. "The hydrological effects of explosive volcanic eruptions in the Asian monsoon region / Zhihong Zhuo." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202041981/34.

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Books on the topic "Volcanism Explosive volcanic eruptions"

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René, Ellen. Investigating volcanic eruptions. New York, NY: Rosen Pub. Group, 2009.

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Mastin, Larry G. Can rain cause volcanic eruptions? [Reston, Va.]: U.S. Geological Survey, Dept. of the Interior, 1993.

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Sigurdsson, Haraldur. Melting the earth: The history of ideas on volcanic eruptions. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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Jim, Whiting. The volcanic eruption of Santorini, 1500 BC. Hockessin, Del: Mitchell Lane Publishers, 2008.

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Faraone, Domenico. I vulcani e l'uomo: Miti, leggende e storia. Napoli: Liguori, 2002.

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Vougioukalakis, George. Santorini: Guide to "the volcano" : (Palea and Nea Kameni) volcanic activity in historic time. [Santorini, Greece]: Institute for the Study and Monitoring of the Santorini Volcano, 1996.

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... and the sirens still wail. Oxford: Macmillan Caribbean, 2006.

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B, Moore Richard, and Hon Ken, eds. The volcanic eruptions of El Malpais: A guide to the volcanic history and formations of El Malpais National Monument. Santa Fe, N.M: Ancient City Press, 1999.

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Allègre, Jean-Luc. Planète volcan: Le Piton de la Fournaise, du sommet des cratères à l'océan. Saint Gilles-les-Bains, Ile de la Réunion: Jean-Luc Allègre, 1999.

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Pearson, Charlotte L. Volcanic eruptions, tree rings and multielemental chemistry: An investigation of dendrochemical potential for the absolute dating of past volcanism. Oxford, England: John and Erica Hedges, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Volcanism Explosive volcanic eruptions"

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Mueller, Wulf U. "A subaqueous eruption model for shallow-water, small volume eruptions: Evidence from two Precambrian examples." In Explosive Subaqueous Volcanism, 189–203. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/140gm12.

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Kano, K. "Subaqueous pumice eruptions and their products: A review." In Explosive Subaqueous Volcanism, 213–29. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/140gm14.

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Gudmundsson, Magnús T. "Melting of ice by magma-ice-water interactions during subglacial eruptions as an indicator of heat transfer in subaqueous eruptions." In Explosive Subaqueous Volcanism, 61–72. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/140gm04.

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Clague, David A., Alicé S. Davis, and Jacqueline E. Dixon. "Submarine strombolian eruptions on the Gorda mid-ocean ridge." In Explosive Subaqueous Volcanism, 111–28. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/140gm07.

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Allen, S. R., and A. L. Stewart. "Products of explosive subaqueous felsic eruptions based on examples from the Hellenic Island Arc, Greece." In Explosive Subaqueous Volcanism, 285–98. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/140gm19.

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Lane, Stephen J., and Michael R. James. "Volcanic Eruptions, Explosive: Experimental Insights." In Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 9784–831. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_579.

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Lane, Stephen J., and Michael R. James. "Volcanic Eruptions, Explosive: Experimental Insights." In Extreme Environmental Events, 1082–103. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7695-6_55.

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Lane, Stephen J., and Michael R. James. "Volcanic Eruptions, Explosive: Experimental Insights." In Complexity in Tsunamis, Volcanoes, and their Hazards, 561–617. New York, NY: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1705-2_579.

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Sheets, Payson. "Explosive Volcanic Eruptions and Societal Responses." In The Angry Earth, 77–79. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315298917-10.

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Sheets, Payson. "Explosive Volcanic Eruptions and Societal Responses." In The Angry Earth, 60–76. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315298917-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Volcanism Explosive volcanic eruptions"

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Saito, T., H. Yamashita, and K. Takayama. "CFD Application to Construction of Hazard Maps of Volcanic Eruptions." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1599.

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Shock wave propagation due to explosive-type volcano eruptions are numerically simulated in order to produce hazard maps. Different types of damages caused by pyroclastic-surge and ballistic fragments as well as positive and negative pressure loading are related to the maximum overpressure of the blast waves. Hazard maps produced by the present method is useful for establishing better safety countermeasures for volcanic eruptions. Simulations of blast wave propagation take the complex terrain of the interested area into account. Several eruption models for the energy release such as the reservoir-break model and the jet models are considered and discussed. The three-dimensional numerical code employs the finite volume method with WAF scheme for evaluating the numerical fluxes at the cell interface. The WAF scheme is one of the high-order Godunov schemes and HLLC approximate Riemann solution is used in the present work.
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Shankle, Madison G. "CYCLICITY OF EXPLOSIVE BASALTIC ERUPTIONS AT AN INTRAPLATE VOLCANO, AKAROA VOLCANIC COMPLEX, NEW ZEALAND." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-287222.

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Ichihara, Mie, Daniel Rittel, and M. B. Rubin. "Deformation and Fracture of a Silicate Melt Around Tg: Implications to Dynamics of Volcanic Eruptions." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59494.

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The mechanical properties of magma around the glass transition temperature have not been characterized yet, though this subject is considered to be important in dynamics of volcanic eruptions. In this paper, we present an experimental investigation of stress-strain relation of synthetic magma at various temperatures and strain rates. The material behaves as an elastic solid at low temperature and/or high strain rate, and as a viscous fluid at high temperature and/or low strain rate. In the transition, it reveals work-hardening response. Although the work-hardening nature has not been reported for noncrystalline magma, it is important in constructing a mathematical model to represent the flow-to-fracture transition of magma, namely the transition of eruptions from effusive to explosive styles.
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Taddeucci, Jacopo, Piergiorgio Scarlato, Elisabetta Del Bello, Giancarlo Tamburello, and Damien Gaudin. "Eruptions from UV to TIR: multispectral high-speed imaging of explosive volcanic activity." In Hyperspectral Imaging and Sounding of the Environment. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hise.2018.hm2c.2.

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Gusev, V. A., A. L. Sobissevitch, Bengt Enflo, Claes M. Hedberg, and Leif Kari. "On A Problem Of Propagation Of Shock Waves Generated By Explosive Volcanic Eruptions." In NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS - FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS: 18th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics - ISNA 18. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2956241.

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Marzano, F. S., S. Marchiotto, S. Barbieri, D. Schneider, C. Textor, and G. Giuliani. "Ground-based radar remote sensing of explosive volcanic ash eruptions: Numerical models and quantitative applications." In 2008 Second Workshop on Use of Remote Sensing Techniques for Monitoring Volcanoes and Seismogenic Areas (USEReST). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/userest.2008.4740352.

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Ohrmundt, Sierra C., Richard E. Hanson, and Virginia P. Andrews. "INTRUSIVE PYROCLASTIC ROCKS FORMED DURING EXPLOSIVE ANDESITIC ERUPTIONS IN A MESOPROTEROZOIC VOLCANIC ARC SETTING, BARBY FORMATION, SW NAMIBIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-306948.

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DeBone, Kristin, Richard Hanson, Alison Graettinger, and Thomas M. Lehman. "EXPLOSIVE BASALTIC PHREATOMAGMATIC ERUPTIONS, DESTRUCTION OF AN ANCIENT FOREST AND SUBSTRATE COLLAPSE DURING MAAR VOLCANISM RECORDED WITHIN PALEOCENE ALLUVIAL PLAIN STRATA OF THE BLACK PEAKS FORMATION, BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK, WEST TEXAS." In Joint 55th Annual North-Central / 55th Annual South-Central Section Meeting - 2021. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021nc-362915.

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Ward, Peter. "CLIMATE CHANGE THROUGHOUT EARTH HISTORY IS CAUSED BY LARGE BASALTIC LAVA FLOWS IN SUBAERIAL RIFT ZONES CAUSING RAPID GLOBAL WARMING WHILE EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS IN VOLCANIC ARCS FORM AEROSOLS THAT CAUSE SLOW, INCREMENTAL COOLING OVER MILLENNIA." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-355607.

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GISLER, GALEN, ROBERT WEAVER, CHARLES MADER, and MICHAEL GITTINGS. "TWO-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS OF EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS OF KICK-EM JENNY AND OTHER SUBMARINE VOLCANOS." In Proceedings of the NSF Caribbean Tsunami Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812774613_0006.

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Reports on the topic "Volcanism Explosive volcanic eruptions"

1

Ho, Chih-Hsiang. A compound power-law model for volcanic eruptions: Implications for risk assessment of volcanism at the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/196577.

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