Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Volcanisme intraplaque'
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Cadio, Cécilia. "Le volcanisme intraplaque dans le Pacifique central : apport de la gravimétrie spatiale." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077188.
Full textThe origin of intraplate volcanism is a controversial topic. We especially question on the purely thermal or thermochemical origin of the involved geodynamical processes and on their origin depth. Moreover, the lithosphere may influence the volcanism and make tough the interpretation of surface observations in term of the mantle activity. In this thesis, we study, in a first part, the deep mantle structure under the Central Pacific, area marked by numerous volcanic structures. To that aim, we mainly use new high-quality satellite gravity data from the GRACE mission and the thermochemical oscillating dome models resulting from laboratory experiments. A multi-scale analysis, which allows us to unfold the different components of the geoid signal, underline two large-scale anomalies : the first, well-known, is negative and recovers the French Polynesia, the second, is positive and located 600 km east of the Line Islands chain. We also apply it on calculated geoid from the thermochemical oscillating dome models. The comparison, scale by scale, between the observed and synthetic geoid evidence that these thermochemical instabilities are consistent with the geoid anomalies and constitute a good candidate to explain the volcanism occurring in the Pacific, now (French Polynesia) and in the past (Line Islands, Shatsky Rise and Darwin Rise). We also bring constraints on the density and the upper bound of the domes. In a second part, we study the interaction between a mantle plume and the oceanic lithosphere, and focus on the example of Hawai. We develop a new method to compute wavelet admittance and wavelet coherence, which allows us to access the space-frequency variations of the geoid-to-topography ratio on the hawaiian swell. Our results, which are consistent with a recent seismic study, evidence a gradual lithospheric thinning moving along the island chain to the northwest. These observations, together with basic fluid-mechanical principles, suggest a hybrid model for the origin of the Hawaiian swell: the swell as a whole is supported dynamically, but small-scale secondary convection currents within the hottest central part of the swell cause the lithosphere to thin
Gilg-Capar, Laure. "Etude des anomalies du géoide à moyennes longueurs d'onde : implications sur les mécanismes de l'accrétion et l'origine du volcanisme intraplaque." Brest, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BRES2018.
Full textDiraison, Christophe. "Le volcanisme aérien des archipels polynésiens de la sociéte, des marquises et des australes-cook, tephrostratigraphie, datation isotopique et géochimie comparées, contribution à l'étude des origines du volcanisme intraplaque du Pacifique central." Brest, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BRES2017.
Full textLénat, Jean-François. "Structure et dynamique internes d'un volcan basaltique intraplaque oceanique : le piton de la fournaise (ile de la reunion)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF2E394.
Full textBoutault, Gérard. "Tahiti (Polynésie française, Archipel de la Société) : volcanologie, pétrographie et géotechnie du secteur côtier Nord-Est." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112058.
Full textA soil engineering mapping is drawn from the correlation of the mechanical property of soils with hydrogeological, topographical and climatic factors. Three hazard areas and three instability degrees are defined according to the ground motions. The volcanic activity of Tahiti has done in two stages: ante and post-caldeira. Three tephrostratigraphic phases between 3,0 MA and 1,5 MA are distinguish in ante-caldeira cycle. The geological study reveals the first outcrops of tahitites on Tahiti-Nui Island, associated with the activity of a parasitic cone. Petrographic and geochemical studies define two magmatic suites: - an ante caldeira suite evolves from picritics rocks (association olivine + pyroxene) to tahitites (plagioclase + hauyne). The under-saturation rise according to the differentiation, with crystallization of feldspathoides (hauyne) in tahitites. The presence and role of mantellic xenocrysts of olivine and spinel are also proved. – A post-caldeira suite, here restricted to picritics rocks (costal area) is distinguished by its strong under-saturation. These sodic alkalines rocks are evolved by fractional crystallization. Based on the mineralogic data, an interpretation of the ante-caldeira suite as evolving by fractional crystallization of olivine, pyroxene (titaniferous), titanomagnetite then plagioclase is proposed. Amphibole resorption controls the magmatic differentiation to tahitites. Thermobarometric conditions of crystallization are estimated from mineralogical equilibria. Ante-caldeira suite has evolved under low oxygen fugacities (.
Pezzali, Irene. "Composition et évolution du manteau lithosphérique nord-africain : évidences pétrologiques et géochimiques à partir des enclaves de manteau échantillonnées par le volcanisme cénozoïque intraplaque du Moyen Atlas (Maroc)." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0065/document.
Full textThe Ph.D. study is aimed at characterising the composition of pyroxenite xenoliths brought to the surface by Cenozoic intraplate volcanism in the Azrou Timahdite district of Middle Atlas (Morocco) to unravel their origin and significance in the frame of the geodynamic evolution of the North Africa lithospheric mantle. The interpretations are based on a petrological approach and on reliable geochemical information at both bulk rock and mineral scale. The data are used to address a largely debated and crucial issue, namely whether pyroxenites do represent ancient magmatic events or section of subducted crust recycled into the lithospheric mantle. The geochemical data revealed that the Middle Atlas pyroxenites formed through different processes: 1 – recycling of older oceanic crust in the lithospheric mantle; 2 – reactions between mantle melt and older mafic layers; 3 – magmatic crystallization from enriched melts at mantle depth. In an overall geodynamic scenario, the origin and age of the pyroxenites interpreted as fragments of recycled oceanic crust and as products of melt-Rock interaction processes are not completely understood. By analogy with Ronda and Beni Bousera these pyroxenites could represent old mafic rocks that have been isolated in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle for very long time spans. The fragments of oceanic material and the crustal components recorded by pyroxenites may be tentatively related to subduction processes occurred during Pan-African times. If so, these pyroxenites maintained for long time their pristine geochemical signatures without marked changes
Bérard-Bergery, Micheline. "Contributions à l'étude du volcanisme triasique en Grèce : Implications géodynamiques." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10001.
Full textOuazzani, Hassane. "Quelques formations volcaniques et hypo-volcaniques tardi-collisionnelles d'age stephano-permien des Alpes, du Massif Central et du Bassin Sarro-Lorrain : Exemples d'une dynamique lithosphérique en milieu intraplaque continental." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10025.
Full textBoulesteix, Thomas. "Age, récurrence et mécanismes de déstabilisation des flancs des volcans océaniques d'après l'exemple de Tenerife (iles Canaries)." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112174/document.
Full textThe growth of oceanic volcanoes is frequently punctuated by large flank collapses, which can generate voluminous debris avalanches and destructive tsunamis. The causes, the mechanisms and the consequences of such instabilities, crucial for risk assessment, remain poorly understood.Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) is a target of particular interest to study such phenomena. Its recent evolution includes the development of a large silicic central volcano and a prominent volcanic ridge along a main NE-SW trending rift zone (NERZ). During the last Myr, these volcanic systems have been truncated by three large flank collapses, the base of which is partly accessible through underground water mining galleries.This thesis develops a systematic analysis of the relationships between volcanic construction and recurrent flank instabilities along the NERZ. Our approach includes field investigations at the surface and in the galleries to identify and sample the volcanic units affected by each landslide and the successions filling their scar; unspiked K/Ar dating (Cassignol-Gillot technique) on fresh separated groundmass to constrain precisely the timing of the landslides; 3-D morphological reconstructions to estimate the volume of the edifices and landslides structures; and whole-rock geochemical analyses to characterize the compositional evolution of the magma prior to and after each collapse event.Our new results show the intermittent functioning of the various sections of the NERZ with a recurrent pattern comprising:(1) The rapid construction of a large volcanic edifice. The resulting load favors the creation of superficial storage levels, the associated evolution of the magma and the eruption of viscous differentiated terms, favoring local inflation of the structure and its destabilization(2) The collapse of a flank of the NERZ, dated at ca. 840 ka, 525 ka, and 175 ka (Güimar, La Orotava and Icod, events respectively)(3) An immediate eruptive response, implying the rapid emptying (<50kyr) of the feeding system and the filling of the landslide scars under tens of km3 of lava.(4) The subsequent displacement of volcanic activity towards the less mature sectors (lower thickness/lower lithostatic pressure).We show here that loading/unloading processes have a strong influence on the development of gravitational instabilities and the evolution of the magma feeding systems on such large intraplate volcanic islands
Mazza, Sarah Elizabeth. "Understanding Non-Plume Related Intraplate Volcanism." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83554.
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Klöcking, Marthe. "Continental magmatism and dynamic topography." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271750.
Full textClement, Jean Philippe. "Mise en place et cristallisation des massifs grenus et pegmatitoïdiques des volcans de l'Archipel de la Société, Polynésie française: étude texturale, minéralogique et géochimique des roches à texture grossière des îles de Tahiti Nui, Raiatea, Bora Bora et Maupiti." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634859.
Full textTimm, Christian [Verfasser]. "The origin of intraplate volcanism on the New Zealand micro-continent Zealandia / Christian Timm." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1019951583/34.
Full textNono. "Pétrologie d'un volcan alcalin intraplaque : Le massif de Nganha dans l'Adamaoua (Cameroun)." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10014.
Full textHintz, Amanda Rachelle. "Physical Volcanology and Hazard Analysis of a Young Monogenetic Volcanic Field: Black Rock Desert, Utah." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002716.
Full textKipf, Andrea [Verfasser]. "Enigmatic Intraplate Volcanism : a geochronological and geochemical approach for the Marie Byrd Seamounts (Antarctica) and the Christmas Island Seamount Province (Indian Ocean) / Andrea Kipf." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1144955165/34.
Full textLabazuy, Philippe. "Instabilites au cours de l'evolution d'un edifice volcanique en domaine intraplaque oceanique : le piton de la fournaise (ile de la reunion). approche pluridisciplinaire a partir desdonnees de campagnes marines." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF21341.
Full textKrienitz, Marc-Sebastian [Verfasser]. "The continental intraplate volcanism of Syria : rift-related or plume-induced / vorgelegt von Marc-Sebastian Krienitz." 2004. http://d-nb.info/975517376/34.
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