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1
Wibisono, Aryo Bayu, Bayu Suryo Ridho Saputro, and Puspita Sari Sukardhani. "Infographic Design As An Effective Communication Model For Volcano Eruption Disaster's Socialization." JURNAL ILMU KOMUNIKASI, no. 2 (December 7, 2018): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/jkom.v0i2.19.
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Indonesia is an archipelago surrounded by cluster of volcanoes known as the ring of fire. Indonesian volcanoes located within the range of the fire ring has the natural disaster potential of volcano eruption. The main concern in this study is the number of tribes people / communities in Indonesia who live in the slopes of the volcano, and the other factor is the fact that people living on the slopes are mostly came from low-education background, making it difficult for the government to socializing the danger. This study will discuss the design and stages of appropriate communication to convey the volcano eruption socialization to the tribes that live in the volcano area using the visual language of infographic. The case studies of this research will take a sampling of the Tengger tribe who inhabit the area of Mount Bromo as one of the active volcano on the Java island, Indonesia. The data retrieving methods used in this study are in-depth interviews, direct observation, and the collection of related books and journal literature. Contributions and model of this research is expected to be applicable to inform people who inhabit the volcano areas in Indonesia of the proper action to take when the volcano eruption strikes.
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Agustin, Fitriani, and Sutikno Bronto. "Volkanostratigrafi Inderaan Jauh Kompleks Gunungapi Gede dan Sekitarnya, Jawa Barat, Indonesia." Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral 20, no. 1 (2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33332/jgsm.2019.v20.1.9-16.
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Remote sensing technology greatly helps to identify the various of volcano features, including active, old and ancient volcanoes. The aim of this paper is intended to introduce various volcanic features in the Gede Volcano Complexs (GVC) and souronding area; compose volcanostratigraphy; and estimate the history of the volcanoes. The method used is a visual interpretation 9 meters spatial resolution of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) TerraSar-x image. Indonesian Stratigraphy Nomenclature Guide 1996 was implemented in vocanostratigraphy unit classification, involving Arc, Super Brigate, Brigate, Crown and Hummockly. Based on the interpretation the DEM image, volcanostratigraphic unit the Gede Volcano Complex consists of Bregade Masigit (Br. M.), which consists of Joklok (Gm.J.) and Gegerbentang (Gm.G.) Hummocs; Crown Lingkung (Kh.L.) consisting of Pangrango (Gm.P.), Situ Gunung (Gm Sg.), Cikahuripan (Gm.Ck.), Pasir Prahu (Gm.Ph) Hummocs; Gege Crown (Kh.G.), which is located in the east of Lingkung Crown. The Gede Crown consists of Gumuruh humock (Gm.Gh.), Gunung Gede lava flows (LG 1,2,3,4,5), and giant debrise avalances (gv-G). The geological mapping based volcanostratigraphy is very useful for exploration of mineral and energy resources, as well as geological hazards.Keywords : volcanostratigraphy, DEM TerraSar-x image, Gunung Gede Complexs.
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Agustin, Fitriani, and Sutikno Bronto. "Volkanostratigrafi Inderaan Jauh Kompleks Gunungapi Gede dan Sekitarnya, Jawa Barat, Indonesia." Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral 20, no. 1 (2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33332/jgsm.geologi.20.1.9-16.
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Remote sensing technology greatly helps to identify the various of volcano features, including active, old and ancient volcanoes. The aim of this paper is intended to introduce various volcanic features in the Gede Volcano Complexs (GVC) and souronding area; compose volcanostratigraphy; and estimate the history of the volcanoes. The method used is a visual interpretation 9 meters spatial resolution of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) TerraSar-x image. Indonesian Stratigraphy Nomenclature Guide 1996 was implemented in vocanostratigraphy unit classification, involving Arc, Super Brigate, Brigate, Crown and Hummockly. Based on the interpretation the DEM image, volcanostratigraphic unit the Gede Volcano Complex consists of Bregade Masigit (Br. M.), which consists of Joklok (Gm.J.) and Gegerbentang (Gm.G.) Hummocs; Crown Lingkung (Kh.L.) consisting of Pangrango (Gm.P.), Situ Gunung (Gm Sg.), Cikahuripan (Gm.Ck.), Pasir Prahu (Gm.Ph) Hummocs; Gege Crown (Kh.G.), which is located in the east of Lingkung Crown. The Gede Crown consists of Gumuruh humock (Gm.Gh.), Gunung Gede lava flows (LG 1,2,3,4,5), and giant debrise avalances (gv-G). The geological mapping based volcanostratigraphy is very useful for exploration of mineral and energy resources, as well as geological hazards.Keywords : volcanostratigraphy, DEM TerraSar-x image, Gunung Gede Complexs.DOI: 10.33332/jgsm.2019.v20.1.9-16
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Agustin, Fitriani, and Sutikno Bronto. "Volkanostratigrafi Inderaan Jauh Kompleks Gunungapi Gede dan Sekitarnya, Jawa Barat, Indonesia." Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral 20, no. 1 (2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33332/jgsm.geologi.v20i1.386.
Full textAbstract:
Remote sensing technology greatly helps to identify the various of volcano features, including active, old and ancient volcanoes. The aim of this paper is intended to introduce various volcanic features in the Gede Volcano Complexs (GVC) and souronding area; compose volcanostratigraphy; and estimate the history of the volcanoes. The method used is a visual interpretation 9 meters spatial resolution of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) TerraSar-x image. Indonesian Stratigraphy Nomenclature Guide 1996 was implemented in vocanostratigraphy unit classification, involving Arc, Super Brigate, Brigate, Crown and Hummockly. Based on the interpretation the DEM image, volcanostratigraphic unit the Gede Volcano Complex consists of Bregade Masigit (Br. M.), which consists of Joklok (Gm.J.) and Gegerbentang (Gm.G.) Hummocs; Crown Lingkung (Kh.L.) consisting of Pangrango (Gm.P.), Situ Gunung (Gm Sg.), Cikahuripan (Gm.Ck.), Pasir Prahu (Gm.Ph) Hummocs; Gege Crown (Kh.G.), which is located in the east of Lingkung Crown. The Gede Crown consists of Gumuruh humock (Gm.Gh.), Gunung Gede lava flows (LG 1,2,3,4,5), and giant debrise avalances (gv-G). The geological mapping based volcanostratigraphy is very useful for exploration of mineral and energy resources, as well as geological hazards.Keywords : volcanostratigraphy, DEM TerraSar-x image, Gunung Gede Complexs.DOI: 10.33332/jgsm.2019.v20.1.9-16
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Agustin, Fitriani, and Sutikno Bronto. "Volkanostratigrafi Inderaan Jauh Kompleks Gunungapi Gede dan Sekitarnya, Jawa Barat, Indonesia." Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral 20, no. 1 (2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33332/jgsm.v20i1.386.
Full textAbstract:
Remote sensing technology greatly helps to identify the various of volcano features, including active, old and ancient volcanoes. The aim of this paper is intended to introduce various volcanic features in the Gede Volcano Complexs (GVC) and souronding area; compose volcanostratigraphy; and estimate the history of the volcanoes. The method used is a visual interpretation 9 meters spatial resolution of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) TerraSar-x image. Indonesian Stratigraphy Nomenclature Guide 1996 was implemented in vocanostratigraphy unit classification, involving Arc, Super Brigate, Brigate, Crown and Hummockly. Based on the interpretation the DEM image, volcanostratigraphic unit the Gede Volcano Complex consists of Bregade Masigit (Br. M.), which consists of Joklok (Gm.J.) and Gegerbentang (Gm.G.) Hummocs; Crown Lingkung (Kh.L.) consisting of Pangrango (Gm.P.), Situ Gunung (Gm Sg.), Cikahuripan (Gm.Ck.), Pasir Prahu (Gm.Ph) Hummocs; Gege Crown (Kh.G.), which is located in the east of Lingkung Crown. The Gede Crown consists of Gumuruh humock (Gm.Gh.), Gunung Gede lava flows (LG 1,2,3,4,5), and giant debrise avalances (gv-G). The geological mapping based volcanostratigraphy is very useful for exploration of mineral and energy resources, as well as geological hazards.Keywords : volcanostratigraphy, DEM TerraSar-x image, Gunung Gede Complexs.
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Bani, P., M. Hendrasto, H. Gunawan, and S. Primulyana. "Sulfur dioxide emissions from Papandayan and Bromo, two Indonesian volcanoes." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 10 (2013): 2399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-2399-2013.
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Abstract. Indonesia hosts 79 active volcanoes, representing 14% of all active volcanoes worldwide. However, little is known about their SO2 contribution into the atmosphere, due to isolation and access difficulties. Existing SO2 emission budgets for the Indonesian archipelago are based on extrapolations and inferences as there is a considerable lack of field assessments of degassing. Here, we present the first SO2 flux measurements using differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) for Papandayan and Bromo, two of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia. Results indicate mean SO2 emission rates of 1.4 t d−1 from the fumarolic activity of Papandayan and more than 22–32 t d−1 of SO2 released by Bromo during a declining eruptive phase. These DOAS results are very encouraging and pave the way for a better evaluation of Indonesian volcanic emissions.
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Bani, P., M. Hendrasto, H. Gunawan, and S. Primulyana. "Sulfur dioxide emissions from Papandayan and Bromo, two Indonesian volcanoes." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 3 (2013): 1895–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-1895-2013.
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Abstract. Indonesia hosts 79 active volcanoes, representing 14% of all active volcanoes worldwide. However, little is known about their passive degassing into the atmosphere due to isolation and access difficulties. Existing SO2 emission budgets for the Indonesian archipelago are based on extrapolations and inferences as there is a considerable lack of field assessments of degassing. Here, we present the first SO2 flux measurements using DOAS for Papandayan and Bromo, two of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia. Results indicate mean SO2 emission rates of 1.4 t d−1 from the fumarolic activity of Papandayan and more than 22–32 t d−1 of SO2 released by Bromo during a declining eruptive phase.
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Iguchi, Masato, Surono, Takeshi Nishimura, et al. "Methods for Eruption Prediction and Hazard Evaluation at Indonesian Volcanoes." Journal of Disaster Research 7, no. 1 (2012): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2012.p0026.
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We report methods, based on geophysical observations and geological surveys, for the prediction of eruptions and the evaluation of the activity of 4 volcanoes in Indonesia. These are Semeru, Guntur, Kelud and Sinabung volcanoes. Minor increases in tilt were detected by borehole tiltmeters prior to eruptions at the Semeru volcano depending on the seismic amplitude of explosion earthquakes. The results show the possibility of prediction of the type and magnitude of eruption and the effectiveness of observation with a high signalto-noise ratio. The establishment of background data is important for evaluating volcanic activity in longterm prediction. Typical distributions of volcanic and local tectonic earthquakes were obtained around the Guntur volcano, where geodetic monitoring by continuous GPS observation is valuable. The cumulative volume of eruptive products is valuable for evaluating the potential for future eruption. The eruptive rate of the Kelud volcano is ca 2×106m3/y (dense rock equivalent), but the volume of the 2007 eruption was only 2×107m3, suggesting a still high potential for eruption. Based on geological surveys and dating, an eruption scenario is proposed for the activity of Mt. Sinabung, where phreatic eruptions occurred in 2010 after a historically long dormancy.
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Sarjito, Aris. "Crisis Management Policy of Natural Disaster." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 9 (2020): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.79.8985.
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Abstract
 Indonesia is the country that has the most active volcanoes in the entire world. The Eurasian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and the Indo-Australian Plate are three active tectonic plates that cause collision zones to form these volcanoes. Indonesia is estimated to have 129 volcanoes, all of which are carefully monitored by the Centre for Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation. This is done because several volcanoes in Indonesia continue to show activity. Moreover, it is estimated that more than five million people live in the "danger zone" of a volcano where they must be immediately evacuated if the mountain shows significant upward activity (Indonesia-Investment, 2019). However, efforts to reduce the risk of natural hazards remain largely uncoordinated in different types of hazards and do not necessarily focus on areas with the highest disaster risk.
 This paper uses a descriptive qualitative approach as the main writing approach and uses crisis management theory by Rosenthal, that crisis management involves efforts: (1) to prevent a crisis from occurring; (2) to prepare better protection against the impact of crisis agents; (3) to make effective responses to the actual crisis; and (4) to provide plans and resources for post-crisis recovery and rehabilitation.
 The results of this study are: (1) to accelerate forest recovery, the government can engage the community with security and welfare approach; (2) natural disaster management is the main responsibility of the government; (3) In crises due to natural disasters, form a team that is responsive to critical situations. This team was formed by involving government agencies, community leaders, and NGOs; and (4) to increase the government's capacity to reduce the impact of natural disasters, assessment of potential damage, the establishment of an early warning system, and the improvement of disaster-resistant capabilities are needed.
 Keywords: Crisis Management; Natural Disaster; Policy.
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Nakada, Setsuya, Fukashi Maeno, Mitsuhiro Yoshimoto, et al. "Eruption Scenarios of Active Volcanoes in Indonesia." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 1 (2019): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p0040.
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Eruption scenarios were prepared as possible sequences in event trees for six active volcanoes in Indonesia, that are located near populated areas or have erupted in recent years (Galunggung, Guntur, Kelud, Merapi, Semeru, and Sinabung). The event trees prepared here show sequences of possible eruption phenomena without probabilities on branches and cover sequences experienced in historical and pre-historical eruptions based on archives and field research results. Changing magma discharge rates during eruption sequences were considered for the event tree of Merapi. This conceptual event tree can also be used as a short-term event tree in which forecasting the coming eruption became possible with geophysical and geochemical monitoring data. Eruption event trees prepared for selected time windows cannot illustrate all plausible hazards and risks associated with an eruption. Therefore, hazards and risks generated from an eruption should be considered in different domains from the event tree.
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Iguchi, Masato. "Special Issue on Integrated Study on Mitigation of Multimodal Disasters Caused by Ejection of Volcanic Products." Journal of Disaster Research 11, no. 1 (2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2016.p0003.
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Volcanic eruptions induce often widely dispersed, multimodal flows such as volcanic ash, pyroclastics, layers, and lava. Lahars triggered by heavy rain may extend far beyond ash deposits. Indonesia, which has 127 volcanoes along its archipelago, is at high risk for such disasters. The 2010 Merapi volcano eruption, for example, generated pyroclastic flows up to 17 km from the summit along the Gendol River, killing over 300 residents. The February 13, 2014, eruption of the Kelud volcano produced a gigantic ash plume over 17 km high, dispersing tehpra widely over Java Island. Ash falls and dispersion closed 7 airports and caused many flights to be cancelled. Volcanoes in Japan have recently become active, with the 2014 phreatic eruption at the Ontake volcano leaving 63 hikers dead or missing. The eruption of the Kuchinoerabujima volcano on May 29, 2015, forced all island residents to be evacuated. All of these events undeerscore how underedeveloped Japan’s early warning alert levels remain. The Sakurajima volcano, currently Japan’s most active, maintained high activity in the first half of 2015. Ash from Janaury 2015, for example, was moved down the volcano’s slopes by extremely heavy rain in June and July, accumulating as thick sediment near villages. Regarding such situations of volcano countries, we will develop an integrated system to mitigate many kinds of disasters which are generated by volcanic eruptions and extended by rain fall and wind, based on scientific knowledge. We are developing an integrated warning system to be used by local and national governments to mitigate volcanic and sediment disasters. We are also creating measure against volcanic ash for airlines. This special issue summarizes basic scientific knowledge and technology on the present warning system to be used in the integrated system for decision-making.
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Iguchi, Masato, Setsuya Nakada, and Kuniaki Miyamoto. "Special Issue on Integrated Study on Mitigation of Multimodal Disasters Caused by Ejection of Volcanic Products: Part 2." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 1 (2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p0005.
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Our research project titled “Integrated study on mitigation of multimodal disasters caused by ejection of volcanic products” began in 2014 under SATREPS (Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development) and is now coming to an end in 2019. Indonesia has 127 active volcanoes distributed along its archipelago making it a high risk location for volcano-related disasters. The target volcanoes in our study are Guntur, Galunggung, Merapi, Kelud, and Semeru in Java, and Sinabung in North Sumatra. Guntur and Galunggung are currently dormant and are potentially high-risk volcanoes. Merapi generated pyroclastic flows along the Gendol River in 2010, which resulted in over 300 casualties and induced frequent lahars. New eruptive activity of Merapi began in 2018. The 2014 eruption of Kelud formed a gigantic ash plume over 17 km high, dispersing ash widely over the island of Java. Semeru continued minor eruptive activity, accompanying a risk of a dome collapse. The aim of our research includes disaster mitigation of the Sinabung volcano, whose eruption began to form a lava dome at its summit at the end of 2013, followed by frequent pyroclastic flows for approximately 4 years, and the deposits became the source of rain-triggered lahars. Our goal is to implement SSDM (Support System for Decision-Making), which would allow us to forecast volcano-related hazards based on scales and types of eruptions inferred from monitoring data. This special issue collects fundamental scientific knowledge and technology for the SSDM as output from our project. The SSDM is an integrated system of monitoring, constructed scenarios, forecasting scale of eruption, simulation of sediment movement and volcanic ash dispersion in the atmosphere. X-band radars newly installed by our project in Indonesia were well utilized for estimation of spatial distribution not only of rain fall in catchments but also of volcanic ash clouds. Finally, we hope the SSDM will continue to be utilized under a consortium in Merapi, which was newly established in collaboration with our projects, and extended to other volcanoes.
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Salamah, Umi, Qonitatul Hidayah, and Damar Yoga Kusuma. "Rancang Bangun Mesin Replika Penghasil Gas Vulkanik sebagai Studi Awal Monitoring Erupsi Gunung Berapi." Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika 9, no. 1 (2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtaf.v9i1.2710.
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Indonesia is one of the countries that has the third-largest number of volcanoes in the world. Several volcanoes are still active today. This places Indonesia prone to disasters from the volcano. One of the volcanic activities is characterized by the release of poisonous gases such as CO2. At a certain threshold, this poisonous gas can kill living things. This research has designed a gas-producing engine as a replica of volcanic gas. This machine is very supportive of the development of volcanic gas research on a laboratory scale because it has the advantage of being lighter, simpler construction, cheaper and portable machine construction process. The gas produced by the machine is tested using the Dragger X-am 7000. , CO2, H2S, SO2, and CO. The results were obtained for 60 seconds of starting the engine, namely CH4 2.0% LEL, CO2 1.6% Vol, H2S 4.3 ppm, SO2 1.0 ppm, and CO 271 ppm.
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Yudiantoro, Dwi Fitri, Ramonada Taruna Perwira, and Muchamad Ocky Bayu Nugroho. "The Geology and Lamongan Volcanic Rocks Case Study at Ranu Pakis, Klakah, Lumajang, East Java Province, Indonesia." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 4, no. 4 (2019): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2019.4.4.2456.
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Lamongan volcano is one of the unique volcanoes in the Sunda Volcano. This volcano has side eruption centers or on the slopes of the volcano. The morphology of parasitic eruptions in this volcanoes complex includes maars and boccas. There are about 64 parasitic eruption centers consisting of 37 volcanic cones (bocca) and 27 ranu (maar).
 The purpose of this research is to study the characteristics of lithology and petrogenesis of this volcano complex, especially in Ranu Pakis and surrounding areas. The analytical method used is to do geological mapping and petrographic analysis.
 The lithology found in this research area consists of magmatic and phreatomagmatic eruption deposits. Genetically this lithology includes pyroclastic flow, pyroclastic fall (scoria fall and phreatomagmatic scoria fall/accretionary lapili), tuff (phreatic) and basaltic lava. In some pyroclastic deposits, especially in maar there are fragments of accretionary lapilli, while in bocca there are basaltic lavas. Other fragments present in pyroclastic deposits are basalt scoria blocks and bombs embedded in the groundmass of volcanic ash. The results of petrographic analysis indicate that the volcanic rocks in the study area are calc alkaline affinity consisting of pyroxene andesite, basalt and pyroxene basalt lava. The pyroxene basalt lava is composed by plagioclase, clinopyroxene and little olivine embedded in the volcanic glass. Lavas are structured scoria and textured porphyritic, intersertal, trachytic, aphyric and pilotaxitic. Trachytic texture is found in the basalt fragments of pyroxene from the pyroclastic fall deposits in Ranu Pakis and Ranu Wurung. While pyroxene andesite lavas composed by plagioclase, clinopyroxene embedded in the volcanic glass. Lavas are structured scoria and textured porphyritic, intergranular, pilotaxitic and aphyric.
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Kasbani, Hendra Gunawan, Wendy McCausland, John Pallister, Masato Iguchi, and Setsuya Nakada. "The eruptions of Sinabung and Kelud volcanoes, Indonesia." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 382 (September 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.07.008.
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Maeno, Fukashi, Setsuya Nakada, Mitsuhiro Yoshimoto, et al. "Eruption Pattern and a Long-Term Magma Discharge Rate over the Past 100 Years at Kelud Volcano, Indonesia." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 1 (2019): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p0027.
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Kelud Volcano is among the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, with repeated explosive eruptions throughout its history. Here, we reconstructed the relationship between the repose period and the cumulative volume of erupted material over the past 100 years and estimated the long-term magma discharge rate and future eruptive potential and hazards. Tephra data and eruption sequences described in historical documents were used to estimate the volume and mass discharge rate. The volumes of the 1901, 1919, 1951, 1966, 1990, and 2014 eruptions were estimated as 51–296 × 106m3. The mass discharge rates were estimated to be on the order of 107kg/s for the 1919, 1951, and 2014 eruptions and the order of 106kg/s for the 1966 and 1990 eruptions. Based on a linear relationship between the repose period and cumulative erupted mass, the long-term mass discharge rate was estimated as ∼ 1.5 × 1010kg/year, explaining the features of the larger eruptions (1919, 1951, and 2014) but not those of the smaller eruptions (1966 and 1990). This estimate is relatively high compared to other typical basaltic-andesitic subduction-zone volcanoes. This result provides important insights into the evolution of magmatic systems and prediction of future eruptions at Kelud Volcano.
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Santoso, D., E. J. Wahyudi, W. G. A. Kadir, et al. "Gravity Structure around Mt. Pandan, Madiun, East Java, Indonesia and Its Relationship to 2016 Seismic Activity." Open Geosciences 10, no. 1 (2018): 882–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2018-0069.
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Abstract Java Island is part of the island arc influenced by subducting Indo-Australian beneath Eurasian tectonic plates, therefore there is high seismic activity and an active volcanic chain trending East-West. One of the volcanoes in Java Island is Mt. Pandan, northern part of Madiun, East Java region, which is known as one of the dormant volcano in the region. According to the list of volcanoes in Indonesia Mt. Pandan is not classified as an active volcano. The previous studies mentioned that Mt. Pandan is a modern volcano which is located in the Kendeng zone. On June 25, 2015, there was felt earthquake (M 4.2) causing several houses damaged around Mt. Pandan as reported by Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, Geophysics (BMKG), Indonesia and then in February 2016, more than twenty small earthquakes (M < 4) occurred again in the area. In order to understand the structure beneath Mt. Pandan, we have conducted gravity measurement and seismicity analysis through hypocenter relocation. Our results show prominent low gravity and density anomalies by forward modeling derived from residual anomaly around Mt. Pandan area. The clusters of small earthquakes appear at depths of less than 30 km beneath Mt. Pandan. The selected focal mechanism of the event in the area is left-lateral faulting in the north and oblique dominant thrust in the south of Mt. Pandan. Some indications related to submagmatic activities such as hot springs and warm ground is found. Our interpretation is this phenomenon may be related to tectonic and magmatic activities. On the other hand, it confirms also that Mt. Pandan is probably a modern volcanic center.
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Mutaqin, Bachtiar W., Warsini Handayani, Fredi Satya Candra Rosaji, Desy Wahyuningtyas, and Muh Aris Marfai. "GEOMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF SMALL VOLCANIC ISLANDS IN NORTH MALUKU, INDONESIA." JURNAL GEOGRAFI 13, no. 2 (2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jg.v13i2.21526.
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Indonesia, which is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, has at least 100 active volcanoes that are spread among more than 17,000 islands. Several active volcanoes are located on small islands, so they require a greater effort in relation to disaster management, especially those related to volcano activities. However, research on the identification of small volcanic islands has not been widely carried out in Indonesia. This study tries to fill the gap using a geomorphological aspect approach, which consists of morphology, morphogenesis, morphochronology, and morphoaransement, to identify small volcanic islands in North Maluku Province. Literature review and spatial data collection were carried out to determine the parameters used in the identification of small volcanic islands. Based on the literature review, this study uses 5 (five) parameters, namely the island area, the type of material, the location / morphoaransement, the pattern of river flow, and the features of the landforms which include the presence of volcanic landform (morphochronology), slope, and morphology. Based on the spatial analysis using these 5 parameters, information is obtained that there are at least 6 of the 17 islands that meet the criteria to be called small volcanic islands in North Maluku. Data on small volcanic islands and their characteristics are important information to educate the public and improve preparedness.Keywords: morphology, morphogenesis, morphochronology, morphoaransement, small volcanic islands
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Maghfira, Puspita Dian, and Sintia Windhi Niasari. "Gravity satellite data analysis for subsurface modelling in Mount Merapi-Merbabu, Java, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 76 (2019): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197603003.
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Mount Merapi and Mount Merbabu are active volcanoes that lies in Java Island. Java island is part of Indonesia region. This island was subduction product of Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates, caused the island consist of many volcanoes. A regional gravity study was carried out over Mt. Merapi-Merbabu by TOPEX/Poseidon satellite data. The data was corrected by free air correction and become free air anomaly. Then, that anomaly was corrected by Bouguer and Terrain corrections, become Complete-Bouguer Anomaly. This study present subsurface density model beneath Mt. Merapi and Merbabu to identify the magma chamber.
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Satake, Kenji, and Hery Harjono. "Multi-Disciplinary Hazard Reduction from Earthquakes and Volcanoes in Indonesia." Journal of Disaster Research 7, no. 1 (2012): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2012.p0004.
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Indonesian and Japanese researchers have conducted a three-year, multi-disciplinary, cooperative research project. The project provides a platform for collaboration among researchers in natural science, engineering, and social or humanity sciences, and for officials in national and local governments. Research activities are grouped into (1) evaluation of earthquake potential and prediction of strong-motion and tsunami hazards based on geophysical investigations, (2) shortterm and long-term predictions of volcanic eruptions and development of methods for their evaluation, (3) establishment of social infrastructure based on engineering developments, (4) mitigation of social vulnerability to geohazards, and (5) promotion of disaster education and raising of disaster consciousness. To coordinate these research activities and to utilize the research results, the project has one last group, (6) application of the research and establishment of a collaboration mechanism between researchers and government officials. In addition to research collaboration in individual fields, inter-group meetings and workshops are regularly held to promote inter-disciplinary discussion and collaboration. Multi-disciplinary surveys on recent volcanic and tsunami disasters have also been conducted. The Joint Coordinating Committee, composed of representatives of relevant Indonesian ministries and institutions as well as project leaders, oversees the unique multi-institutional and multidisciplinary activities. This committee can be maintained after the completion of the project as a platform for Indonesian stakeholders.
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Arbad, Arliandy Pratama, Wataru Takeuchi, Yosuke Yosuke, Mutiara Jamilah, and Achmad Ardy. "TIME-SERIES SAR INTERFEROMETRY ANALYSIS OF SURFACE DEFORMATION AT MT. BROMO INDONESIA." Seminar Nasional Geomatika 3 (February 15, 2019): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.24895/sng.2018.3-0.956.
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One of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia is Mt. Bromo, volcanic activities at Mt. Bromo has been recorded in 1775. We observe the surface deformation of the Mt. Bromo which located at eastern Java Indonesia area that includes neighborhood volcanic system on TNBTS (Taman Nasional Bukit Tengger Semeru). Recently, remote sensing has played as an important role to observe volcano behavior. We apply the SAR Interferometry (InSAR) algorithm referred to as Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) approach that allows us to generate mean deformation velocity maps and displacement time series for the studied area. The common SBAS technique, the set of interferometric phase observations writes as a linear combination of individual SAR scene phase values for each pixel independently. Particularly, the proposed analysis is based on 22 SAR data acquired by the ALOS/PALSAR sensors during the 2007–2017 time interval. A fewer studies have been able to show capability of InSAR analysis for investigating cycle of volcano especially of Mt. Bromo which characterized eruption stratovolcano in ranging one to five years. The results expected in this work represent an advancement of previous InSAR studies of the area that are mostly focused on the deformation affecting the caldera. According to the result, we expected this study could implement on risk management or infrastructure management.
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Arbad, Arliandy P., W. Takeuchi, Y. Aoki, and Ahmad Ardy. "VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AT MT. BROMO INDONESIA BY USING TIME-SERIES LAND SURFACE DEFORMATION AND GIS." Applied Research on Civil Engineering and Environment (ARCEE) 1, no. 01 (2019): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32722/arcee.v1i01.1954.
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Among the 127 active volcanoes located in eastern Java, Indonesia. Mt. Bromo is the most famous active volcano, type of Mt. Bromo is a strombolian. Many aspects that make volcano an interesting, we conduct a critical and comprehensive study and analysis concerning of volcano eruption based on remote sensing and GIS approaches. Nowadays, remote sensing play an important role to observe volcanic activity and facilitate real-time information. The method used in this study is the determination level of risk in the Mt. Bromo by Pairwise Comparison method. Vulnerability parameters to be obtained from the potential of land deformation, population density, and distance from the volcano dome. In addition, we used SAR data to observe time-series land surface deformation which derived from PALSAR sensor and the images which L-band frequency characteristic on board from Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) with active microwave sensor to achieve cloud-free and day-and-night land observation. The dataset is composed of 24 SAR images, collected from 24 May 2007 to 5 July 2016 (Descending passes, HH polarization). Consequently, the information result has been created and processed at a municipal or city level including thematic maps, the database has been built, classified and analyzed by using GIS environment. The main idea is providing hazard mitigation map at Mt. Bromo to provide adequate guidance for disaster-prone areas to determine the level of disaster risk.
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Sumotarto, Untung, F. Hendrasto, and Wibagiyo Wibagiyo. "GEOHYDROTHERMAL MODEL OF ARJUNO, WELIRANG AND PENANGGUNGAN VOLCANOES EAST JAVA, INDONESIA." PENELITIAN DAN KARYA ILMIAH 2, no. 1 (2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/pdk.v2i1.2457.
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Indonesia is a country having a high geothermal energy potential. The geothermal energy in Java island, as a volcanic row island, has been explored and produced. One of the area that has not been produced is volcanic area around Arjuno, Welirang and Penanggungan (AWP) located in East Java. Geochemical survey has been performed to explore a more detailed objective in exploring the potential resource of geothermal energy of this area. Chemical and isotopic analysis shows the maturity level of waters taken from water springs in the area. The immature water from the water springs is interpreted coming mostly from meteoric water which flows quite fast forming water springs around the area. Geohydrothermally, the water flows through porous and permeable volcanic rocks that receive heat from igneous rocks existing together in the area. The igneous rocks are flowing heat conductively from magma below the AWP volcanoes.
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Widagdo, Asmoro, Subagyo Pramumijoyo, and Agung Harijoko. "The Morphotectono-Volcanic of Menoreh-Gajah-Ijo Volcanic Rock In Western Side of Yogyakarta-Indonesia." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 3, no. 3 (2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.24273/jgeet.2018.3.3.1715.
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Menoreh-Gajah-Ijo have a very distinctive shape, where there are form of circular structure of volcano that is still intact and the other has not been intact. These morphologies are the morphology of the remaining volcanoes formed by tectonics and certain volcanisms. This study was conducted through a series of interpretations of volcanic body distribution, constructing a Slope Map, constructing a Slope Direction Map, constructing an alignment interpretation on satellite imagery and field mapping work. The formation of Menoreh-Gajah-Ijo morphologies are strongly influenced by tectonics and volcanic processes. The process of tectonism that produces the strike-slip fault structures, the normal faults, and the uplift have formed the lineaments of the valleys and hills with various directions patterns. The Menoreh-Gajah-Ijo volcanisms that have occurred form the structure of volcanic remains. Distribution of Menoreh-Gajah-Ijo volcanic rocks form some semicircle structures because of the normal fault structure that has occurred.
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Ningrum, Lestari, and Anggi Dito Dwiseptian. "HOW INDONESIAN TOURIST MOTIVATION CAN ENCOURAGE THE DESIRE HAVE BEEN TO BANGKOK, THAILAND." Kepariwisataan: Jurnal Ilmiah 13, no. 02 (2019): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47256/kepariwisataan.v13i02.47.
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Compared to other ASEAN countries, Thailand excels in terms of tourism growth in 2016. The period of January to October 2016, 27.076.308 Indonesian tourists visited Thailand, while Thailand’s tourists visit to Indonesia only 9.403.614. Why it happened? Whereas Indonesia including the 6 most beautiful country sites version Rough Guides, beating some countries such as the UK, Switzerland and Finland, and was chosen because of the cluster of gathering, cultural diversity, volcanoes, and even Indonesia became the only Asian country in the top 10 Tourism is worldwide. Tourism is currently experiencing a shift in the role. For many cities in Indonesia, travel has become a primary need. Motivational factors are also related to visitor’s satisfaction because different destination may have different factors that attract visitor to the place. The research method used in this study is descriptive with quantitative approach. The research instrument is questionnaire with 5-point likert scale, distributed either directly on the site with 397 respondents who have ever travelled to the locations under study. The aim of research how Indonesian tourist motivation can encourage the desire been to Bangkok Thailand The results showed that the motivation of the traveller physical, the strongest impulse to travel to Bangkok is with the aim to refreshing.Key works: Tourism, travel motivational
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Bani, Philipson, Etienne Le Glas, Kristianto Kristianto, Alessandro Aiuppa, Marcello Bitetto, and Devy Kamil Syahbana. "Elevated CO2 Emissions during Magmatic-Hydrothermal Degassing at Awu Volcano, Sangihe Arc, Indonesia." Geosciences 10, no. 11 (2020): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10110470.
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Awu is a remote and little known active volcano of Indonesia located in the northern part of Molucca Sea. It is the northernmost active volcano of the Sangihe arc with 18 eruptions in less than 4 centuries, causing a cumulative death toll of 11,048. Two of these eruptions were classified with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 4. Since 2004, a lava dome has occupied the centre of Awu crater, channelling the fumarolic gas output along the crater wall. A combined Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) and Multi-component Gas Analyzer System (Multi-GAS) study highlight a relatively small SO2 flux (13 t/d) sustained by mixed magmatic–hydrothermal emissions made-up of 82 mol.% H2O, 15 mol.% CO2, 2.55 mol.% total S (ST) and 0.02 mol.% H2. The CO2 emission budget, as observed during a short observation period in 2015, corresponds to a daily contribution to the atmosphere of 2600 t/d, representing 1% of the global CO2 emission budget from volcanoes. The gas CO2/ST ratio of 3.7 to 7.9 is at the upper limit of the Indonesian gas range, which is ascribed to (i) some extent of S loss during hydrothermal processing, and perhaps (ii) a C-rich signature of the feeding magmatic gas phase. The source of this high CO2 signature and flux is yet to be fully understood; however, given the peculiar geodynamic context of the region, dominated by the arc-to-arc collision, this may result from either the prolonged heating of the slab and consequent production of carbon-rich fluids, or the recycling of crustal carbon.
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Itahashi, Syuichi, Rohit Mathur, Christian Hogrefe, Sergey L. Napelenok, and Yang Zhang. "Incorporation of volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> emissions in the Hemispheric CMAQ (H-CMAQ) version 5.2 modeling system and assessing their impacts on sulfate aerosol over the Northern Hemisphere." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 9 (2021): 5751–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5751-2021.
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Abstract. The state-of-the-science Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System has recently been extended for hemispheric-scale modeling applications (referred to as H-CMAQ). In this study, satellite-constrained estimation of the degassing SO2 emissions from 50 volcanoes over the Northern Hemisphere is incorporated into H-CMAQ, and their impact on tropospheric sulfate aerosol (SO42-) levels is assessed for 2010. The volcanic degassing improves predictions of observations from the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET), the United States Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET), and the United States Integrated Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE). Over Asia, the increased SO42- concentrations were seen to correspond to the locations of volcanoes, especially over Japan and Indonesia. Over the USA, the largest impacts that occurred over the central Pacific were caused by including the Hawaiian Kilauea volcano, while the impacts on the continental USA were limited to the western portion during summertime. The emissions of the Soufrière Hills volcano located on the island of Montserrat in the Caribbean Sea affected the southeastern USA during the winter season. The analysis at specific sites in Hawaii and Florida also confirmed improvements in regional performance for modeled SO42- by including volcanoes SO2 emissions. At the edge of the western USA, monthly averaged SO42- enhancements greater than 0.1 µg m−3 were noted within the boundary layer (defined as surface to 750 hPa) during June–September. Investigating the change on SO42- concentration throughout the free troposphere revealed that although the considered volcanic SO2 emissions occurred at or below the middle of free troposphere (500 hPa), compared to the simulation without the volcanic source, SO42- enhancements of more than 10 % were detected up to the top of the free troposphere (250 hPa). Our model simulations and comparisons with measurements across the Northern Hemisphere indicate that the degassing volcanic SO2 emissions are an important source and should be considered in air quality model simulations assessing background SO42- levels and their source attribution.
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Frömming, Urte Undine. "Peacemaking Rituals in the Context of Natural Disaster." Worldviews 20, no. 3 (2016): 286–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685357-02003006.
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This article is based on ethnographic fieldwork in Indonesia and will raise questions about the meaning that cultures ascribe to potentially dangerous natural spaces. By tracing the mythological and ritual life of the local clans of the Lamaholot and Ngada people, one can note that the entire cosmology and belief system of the people of Flores is tightly interwoven with the religious perception of space and place. Volcanoes play a key role in this belief system because the different clans see volcanoes as places of origin, though they also have a practical social function This article emphasizes the importance of volcanoes for individual and clan identity, and their function in the ideology of association and spiritual linkage between people, ancestors, and natural features. It furthermore examines the phenomenon of public confessions of guilt. These coincide with local interpretations of natural catastrophes as a result of the failure to respect local social values and norms and to fulfil religious duties. Consequently, the article argues, the idea of a dualism between humans and nature becomes irrelevant. Within this context, their reciprocal relationship with volcanoes enables clan groups in Flores to reconcile the unpredictability of nature with the dangerous and sometimes violent aspects of society.
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Skoufias, Emmanuel, Eric Strobl, and Thomas Tveit. "Constructing Damage Indices Based on Publicly Available Spatial Data: Exemplified by Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions in Indonesia." International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 12, no. 3 (2021): 410–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13753-021-00348-4.
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AbstractThis article demonstrates the construction of earthquake and volcano damage indices using publicly available remote sensing sources and data on the physical characteristics of events. For earthquakes we use peak ground motion maps in conjunction with building type fragility curves to construct a local damage indicator. For volcanoes we employ volcanic ash data as a proxy for local damages. Both indices are then spatially aggregated by taking local economic exposure into account by assessing nightlight intensity derived from satellite images. We demonstrate the use of these indices with a case study of Indonesia, a country frequently exposed to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The results show that the indices capture the areas with the highest damage, and we provide overviews of the modeled aggregated damage for all provinces and districts in Indonesia for the time period 2004 to 2014. The indices were constructed using a combination of software programs—ArcGIS/Python, Matlab, and Stata. We also outline what potential freeware alternatives exist. Finally, for each index we highlight the assumptions and limitations that a potential practitioner needs to be aware of.
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Rachmansyah, Arief, *, Ardian Baroto, and Ika Meisy Putri Rahmawati. "Pemetaan Bahaya Longsor Dengan Metode Analitycal Hierarchy Process di Arjuno Welirang, Jawa Timur." Rekayasa Sipil 15, no. 1 (2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2021.015.01.10.
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Indonesia has enormous geothermal potential because most of Indonesia's territory is located in an active volcano route. One of the challenges in developing geothermal energy is that its location is located on the slopes of a Quaternary Volcanoes which is suceptible to landslides. The purpose of the research that has been carried out is to determine the distribution of landslide-hazard areas on the western slopes of the Arjuno-Welerang Volcano. The analysis was performed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method based on morphological, geological and structural geological parameters. Geomorphological mapping was carried out by contour map analysis, then classified based on morphometry and morphogenesis. Geological mapping uses the principle of volcanostratigraphy, while mapping of geological structures is done by analyzing contour maps made by Digital Evalation Model and field checking. The high and very high landslide hazard zones are scattered along the fault zone, while the very high landslide hazard areas are located in the ancient crater valleys.
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Purwanto, Setiyo, Rachmat Abdul Gani, and Sukarman Sukarman. "Karakteristik Mineral Tanah Berbahan Vulkanik dan Potensi Kesuburannya di Pulau Jawa." Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan 12, no. 2 (2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jsdl.v12n2.2018.83-98.
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<p><em><strong>Abstrak. </strong></em>Pulau Jawa memiliki gunung api terbanyak di Indonesia (45 buah). Material bersumber dari erupsi gunungapi (piroklastik) di sekitar Pulau Jawa menyebabkan kualitas kesuburan tanah di Pulau Jawa lebih baik dibandingkan wilayah lain di Indonesia. Wilayah pegunungan sering dijadikan sebagai daerah sentra usaha pertanian. Kajian terkait karakteristik mineralogi tanah dari bahan vulkanik di Pulau Jawa telah banyak dilakukan, namun terbatas pada penelitian yang bersifat mandiri (perwilayahan pegunungan). Mengungkap dan memperbandingkan data berkait karakteristik mineralogi tanah vulkanik di Pulau Jawa akan memperkaya hasanah keilmuan dan bermanfaat dalam tata kelola lahan pertanian. </p><p><em><strong>Abstract.</strong> </em>Java Island has the most volcanoes in Indonesia (45 volcanoes). Materials sourced from volcanic eruptions (pyroclastic) around the Java Island have caused the quality of soil fertility in Java is better than other regions in Indonesia. Mountainous areas are often used as a center of agricultural business, especially horticulture. Studies related to the mineralogical characteristics of soil from volcanic material on the Java Island have been widely carried out, but are limited to independent research (single mountain territory). Revealing and comparing data related to the mineralogical characteristics of volcanic soils in the Java Island will enriches scientific knowledge and useful in the management of agricultural land.<br /><br /></p>
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Susanti, Ida. "Ethical and legal aspects of disaster response under Indonesian legal system." MATEC Web of Conferences 229 (2018): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822904006.
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Indonesia is a vulnerable country to disasters. Because almost all islands in Indonesia has the volcanoes, Indonesia is in the ring of fire, which potentially triggers a volcano eruption disaster. Moreover, earthquake, flood, tsunami, landslides regularly occur in Indonesia. It is very important to the response to such disasters. Recently, many regulations have been issued by the government, yet many unjust or indecent treatment have been experienced by displaced persons or the victims of disasters. Some illustrations concerning how bad legal position of disasters’ victims, especially their private rights, will be explored. It is common that in a contract, a natural disaster will be considered as a force majeure. A legal consequence of this condition is, the disasters’ victims must defray or restore the damage by themselves. It could be very unfair or inhumane because, after the disaster usually, many victims lose their capacity to perform their previous legal obligation. In this issue, the law fails to protect, because legal solution could be formally legitimate but substantially unfair. In this case, ethical consideration must be endorsed, for increasing their capacity to recover from the disaster. This paper describes disaster responses in Indonesian’s legal system, especially in the context to protect displaced persons or victims of disasters; and to explore justification to use legal ethics to protect them, in case legal protection fails to provide substantive justice for disasters’ victims.
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Takada, Akira. "Caldera-forming eruptions and characteristics of caldera volcanoes in the Sunda Arc, Indonesia." Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 116, no. 9 (2010): 473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.116.473.
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Satake, Kenji, and Yujiro Ogawa. "Special Issue on Multi-disciplinary Hazard Reduction from Earthquakes and Volcanoes in Indonesia." Journal of Disaster Research 7, no. 1 (2012): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2012.p0003.
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Natural disasters and their mitigation are global issues, especially in Asian countries, which have suffered from such geohazards as earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions and such hydrometeorological hazards as typhoons, cyclones, storm surges, and floods. Research on natural hazards and disasters is multidisciplinary. Scientists from a wide variety of disciplines study hazards, their causes, their mechanisms, and prediction. Engineers study infrastructures and measures to reduce vulnerability. Social and humanitarian scientists study cultural and societal aspects of disasters. Educators study effective ways to raise people’s awareness and action. In addition to such research activities, practitioners work to implement the results of scientific research into practical policymaking. This special issue of JDR contains 12 papers on multidisciplinary studies concerning geohazards in Indonesia taken from a Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) project supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). SATREPS projects focus on both the scientific aspect, namely, acquiring new knowledge, and the Official Development Aids (ODA) aspect, namely, implementing such knowledge in societal applications. Following the first review article, which is a project overview, the next four papers report findings on natural hazards – the slip rate on the Lembang fault in Java, tsunami simulation for Java’s Palabuhanratu, the Sinabung volcano eruption in Sumatra, and methods of predicting and evaluating eruptions. One paper reports engineering studies on tsunami disaster mitigation in Padang city and two social science papers present hazards in the contexts of communities and human mobility. Two papers on disaster education cover disaster education development since the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the use of tsunami simulation in disaster education. The last research paper and review article deal with policymaking related to the 2010 Mentawai and 2011 Japan tsunamis, respectively. All of these papers, including the review articles, have been peer-reviewed by two nonproject reviewers. We thank the authors for their timely contributions and revisions, and the reviewers for their invaluable and wide-ranging comments.
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Prabowo, Teguh Rahat, Fithriyani Fauziyyah, Suryantini, and Sutikno Bronto. "A new idea: The possibilities of offshore geothermal system in Indonesia marine volcanoes." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 103 (December 2017): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/103/1/012012.
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Tempola, Firman. "Implemented PSO-NBC and PSO-SVM to Help Determine Status of Volcanoes." Jurnal Penelitian Pos dan Informatika 9, no. 2 (2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17933/jppi.2019.090202.
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<p class="JGI-AbstractIsi">This research is a continuation of previous research that applied the Naive Bayes classifier algorithm to predict the status of volcanoes in Indonesia based on seismic factors. There are five attributes used in predicting the status of volcanoes, namely the status of the normal, standby and alerts. The results Showed the accuracy of the resulted prediction was only 79.31%, or fell into fair classification. To overcome these weaknesses and in order to increase accuracy, optimization is done by giving criteria or attribute weights using particle swarm optimization. This research compared the optimization of Naive Bayes algorithm to vector machine support using particle swarm optimization. The research found improvement on system after application of PSO-NBC to that of 91.3 % and 92.86% after applying PSO-SVM.</p>
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Anthe, Silvester, Guntur Pasau, and Adey Tanauma. "VARIASI ZONA LEMAH STRUKTUR INTERNAL GUNUNG LOKON BERDASARKAN STUDI SEISMO-VULKANIK." JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS 15, no. 1 (2015): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jis.15.1.2015.6776.
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VARIASI ZONA LEMAH STRUKTUR INTERNAL GUNUNG LOKON BERDASARKAN STUDI SEISMO-VULKANIKABSTRAK Indonesia merupakan negara gunungapi dengan jumlah gunungapi aktif terbanyak di dunia yaitu 129 buah yang tersebar di jalur Cincin Api (Ring of fire) Pasifik dan sekitar 8% berada di Propinsi Sulawesi Utara. Gunung Lokon merupakan salah satu dari 129 buah gunungapi aktif di Indonesia yang sering erupsi dan mengalami perubahan Zona lemah sejak tahu 1829. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan untuk posisi kantung magma gunung Lokon dan variasi zona lemah struktur internal gunung Lokon. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari PVMBG pos PGA Lokon-Mahawu Kakaskasen, Tomohon. Hasil dan analisis tersebut dipakai sebagai sumber mitigasi bencana dan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan kegunungapian. Kata Kunci : zona lemah gunung Lokon, Gunung Lokon, WEAK ZONE VARIATION INTERNAL STRUCTURE MOUNT LOKON BASED ON SEISMO-VULCANIC STUDY ABSTRACT Indonesia is a volcanic country with the highest number of active volcanoes in the world that is 129 pieces scattered in the path of the Ring of Fire (Ring of Fire) Pacific and about 8% is in the province of North Sulawesi. Mount Lokon is one of 129 pieces of active volcanoes in Indonesia are often erupted and weak zone changes since out 1829. In this research, to position of Lokon mountain magma chamber and internal structure variations weak zone Lokon mountain. This study uses secondary data from PVMBG post PGA Lokon -Mahawu Kakaskasen, Tomohon. Results and analysis are used as a source of disaster mitigation and development of science volcanology. Keywords: Mount Lokon weak zone, Mount Lokon.
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Rinawati, Dyah Ika, Diana Puspita Sari, Naniek Utami Handayani, and Bramasta Raga Siwi. "Predicting the probability of Mount Merapi eruption using Bayesian Event Tree_Eruption Forecasting." MATEC Web of Conferences 154 (2018): 01050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815401050.
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Mount Merapi is one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia that had varied eruption periods from two to eight years. Due to the density of the population living around the slopes of Mount Merapi, its eruptions caused high number of victims. In order to avoid high number of victims, the disaster management should be improved. Disaster management consist of four phases i.e. mitigation, preparedness, response and reconstruction. In disaster mitigation phase, prediction of the Merapi unrest probability is needed. This paper focus on how to predict the probability of Merapi unrest based on volcano-logical information by using Bayesian Event Tree. Bayesian Event Tree (BET) is a probabilistic model that merges all kinds of volcano-logical information to obtain probability of any relevant volcanic event. The result showed that the probability of Merapi unrest is 0,822. In the next eruption, it has predicted that the volcanic explosivity index (VEI) 2 was biggest chance with the probability of 0,549. It showed that the eruption will take place in the main crater of Merapi with the probability of 0,938.
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Okuno, Mitsuru, Agung Harijoko, I. Wayan Warmada, et al. "Geomorphological classification of post-caldera volcanoes in the Buyan–Bratan caldera, North Bali, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 103 (December 2017): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/103/1/012014.
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Wardoyo, Arinto, Johan Noor, Gereon Elbers, Sandra Schmitz, Sascha Flaig, and Arif Budianto. "Characterizing Volcanic Ash Elements from the 2015 Eruptions of Bromo and Raung Volcanoes, Indonesia." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 29, no. 2 (2020): 1899–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/99101.
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Nakada, Setsuya. "Presenting the Sixth JDR Award." Journal of Disaster Research 15, no. 7 (2020): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2020.p0816.
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It is our great pleasures to present the sixth JDR Award to Prof. Masato Iguchi. Prof. Iguchi, as the top guest editor, published two JDR special issues entitled “Integrated Study on Mitigation of Multimodal disasters caused by Ejection of Volcanic Products.” These special issues, vol.11, no.1 in 2016 and vol.14, no.1 in 2019, were results of a project (2013–2018) of the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS). The second special issue set a record for the highest annual download. In addition, he was the first author or co-author of 11 papers published by JDR in 2019. Professor Iguchi, as one of most recognized volcanologists in the world, has been leading observation research of active volcanoes as the Director of the Sakurajima Volcano Research Center of Kyoto University’s Disaster Prevention Research Institute. He has promoted geophysical research on volcanic activity not only in Japan but also in Indonesia, evaluating volcanic activity by incorporating the results of material science and demonstrating the effectiveness of long-term, multi-item observations in those processes. He has made a significant contribution to the promotion of Indonesian volcano research, taking over the strong will of former Kyoto University professors, and his contributions have culminated in the aforementioned two special issues. On behalf of the JDR editorial board, I wish to thank Prof. Iguchi for his efforts and to congratulate him as the winner of the sixth JDR Award.
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Iguchi, Masato. "Message from the Winner." Journal of Disaster Research 15, no. 7 (2020): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2020.p0817.
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A volcanic eruption is a phenomenon in which ballistic bombs, lapilli, volcanic ash, lava, and gas are discharged. Volcanic ash and gas are carried by the wind, and pyroclastic flows and lava flows are carried away by the force of gravity. These cause disasters of various forms in the areas around volcanoes, sometimes far from eruptive center. Accordingly, volcanic countries, particularly Asian countries such as Japan, Indonesia, and the Philippines, have been the scenes of volcanic disasters. We conducted the research project “Integrated study on mitigation of multimodal disasters caused by the ejection of volcanic products” with the Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation and other institutes in Indonesia under the SATREPS project from FY2013 to 2018. The aim of the project was to advance volcanic hazard mitigation, and I served as the guest editor of “Special Issue on Integrated Study on Mitigation of Multimodal Disasters Caused by Ejection of Volcanic Products” (2016) and “Special Issue on Integrated Study on Mitigation of Multimodal Disasters Caused by Ejection of Volcanic Products: Part 2” (2019) of the Journal of Disaster Research. The articles in the Special Issues have been downloaded by many researchers. The Special Issues cover many topics related to volcanic disasters, but the main theme is how to forecast real-time volcanic hazards using data monitoring, since it is this monitoring that triggers the issuing of warnings. I have studied the volcanic activity of Sakurajima, the most active volcano in Japan, for 40 years, primarily to forecast its eruptions. Forecasting the eruptions is not as important as forecasting the hazards and risks posed by volcanic actions. Research done on the mitigation of the volcanic hazards of Sakurajima as well as Indonesian volcanoes has been enhanced by interaction. The cumulative volume of magma stored in the past 100 years indicates that Sakurajima has the potential for a large-scale eruption (VEI > 4). An eruption and its dispersal of volcanic ash in particular would cause a variety of disasters over a wide area, as described in the other issues of Journal of Disaster Research. I hope that the research results will be utilized for hazard mitigation in the event of future large-scale eruptions. The research could be advanced through collaboration with studies aimed at the enhancement of resilience and recovery.
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Bawole, Paulus. "PROGRAM RELOKASI PERMUKIMAN BERBASIS MASYARAKAT UNTUK KORBAN BENCANA ALAM LETUSAN GUNUNG MERAPI TAHUN 2010 (Community Based Resettlement Program for the Victims of Natural Disaster of Merapi Volcano Eruption 2010)." Tesa Arsitektur 13, no. 2 (2015): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/tes.v13i2.644.
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The most active volcanoes in Indonesia, Mount Merapi erupted with devastating in October and November 2010. Besides some infrastructure facilities are damage, about 2,900 houses were destroyed. 350,000 people were evacuated and accommodated in refugee camps. To accommodate the survivors of Merapi Volcano eruption whose houses were destroyed by the heat clouds it necessary to find a strategy for integrated housing development which is environmental friendly and sustainable.
 The strategy which is choosen to implement relocation program for survivors of Merapi eruption is the Community-Driven Resettlement. Community involvement from the beginning of the planning process until the end shows that the power of community involvement in the development process greatly affect the sense of belonging the residential area. By the strategy of Community-Driven Resettlement the inhabitants can keep, maintain, and develop their settlements very well. The development of sustainable resettlements was planned holistically by considering aspects of disaster mitigation, eco-settlement and community livelihood.
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Cheng, Lilu, and Fidel Costa. "Statistical analysis of crystal populations and links to volcano deformation for more robust estimates of magma replenishment volumes." Geology 47, no. 12 (2019): 1171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46826.1.
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Abstract Forecasting the timing and size of volcanic eruptions requires a proper interpretation of multiparametric monitoring signals. Studies of the erupted rocks can provide critical information on the processes and volcano plumbing system that is needed to decode the monitoring signals. Here we present the results of a petrological study of plagioclase phenocrysts using a new statistical approach that allows us to estimate the amount of intruded magma before eruption. Our crystal population analysis of the 2006 and 2010 CE Merapi volcano (Indonesia) eruptions shows that ∼60 ± 20 vol% of the 2010 magma was left over from the 2006 magma, and thus ∼40 ± 20 vol% was newly intruded magma. Using the published values of the 2010 erupted magma volume, this corresponds to >8 to 20 (±7) × 106 m3 of new magma. This is a minimum estimate and is similar to the inferred pre-eruptive deformation volume (18 ×106 m3), although given the uncertainties, several million cubic meters of magma intruded in 2010 could still be in the Merapi plumbing system. Our approach could be used at other volcanoes to quantify the volume of intruded magma and thus help in better understanding the unrest signals that anticipate eruptions.
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Muzaki, Ferril Irham. "Language Learning at Natural Disaster Area in Elementary Schools." Lingual: Journal of Language and Culture 6, no. 2 (2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ljlc.2018.v06.i02.p07.
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Abstract
 One of the challenges in designing language learning in elementary schools is the ability to predict the skills of learners. To meet this need the Ministry of Education and Culture in designing the national exam which is one of the standardized tests in Indonesia. The use of multiple choice in national exams has an efficient basis for the correction of results after the exam is over. You can imagine homework from ministry of Education and culture on the national curriculum. The complex case faced by Indonesia today is the location of Indonesia. Geographically, the Eurosasia and pacific plates are surrounded by active volcanoes. For this reason language learning is preferably related to the literature of children with the teaching method of copy by master creative writing.
 
 Keywords: Elementary School, Natural Disaster, Copy By Master, 21st Century Challenge
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Suwarsono, NFn, Indah Prasasti, Jalu Tejo Nugroho, Jansen Sitorus, and Djoko Triyono. "DETECTING THE LAVA FLOW DEPOSITS FROM 2018 ANAK KRAKATAU ERUPTION USING DATA FUSION LANDSAT-8 OPTIC AND SENTINEL-1 SAR." International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES) 15, no. 2 (2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/j.ijreses.2018.v15.a3078.
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The increasing volcanic activity of Anak Krakatau volcano has raised concerns about a major disaster in the area around the Sunda Strait. The objective of the research is to fuse Landsat-8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) and Sentinel-1 TOPS (Terrain Observation with Progressive Scans), an integration of SAR and optic remote sensing data, in observing the lava flow deposits resulted from Anak Krakatau eruption during the middle 2018 eruption. RGBI and the Brovey transformation were conducted to merge (fuse) the optical and SAR data. The results showed that optical and SAR data fusion sharpened the appearance of volcano morphology and lava flow deposits. The regions are often constrained by cloud cover and volcanic ash, which occurs at the time of the volcanic eruption. The RGBI-VV and Brovey RGB-VV methods provide better display quality results in revealing the morphology of volcanic cone and lava deposits. The entire slopes of Anak Krakatau Volcano, with a radius of about 1 km from the crater is an area prone to incandescent lava and pyroclastic falls. The direction of the lava flow has the potential to spread in all directions. The fusion method of optical Landsat-8 and Sentinel-1 SAR data can be used continuously in monitoring the activity of Anak Krakatau volcano and other volcanoes in Indonesia both in cloudy and clear weather conditions.
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Gerstenecker, C., G. Läufer, D. Steineck, C. Tiede, and B. Wrobel. "Validation of Digital Elevation Models around Merapi Volcano, Java, Indonesia." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 5, no. 6 (2005): 863–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-863-2005.
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Abstract. The accuracy of 4 Digital Elevation Models (SRTM30, GTOPO30, SRTM3 and local DEM produced from aerial photogrammetric images) for the volcanoes Merapi and Merbabu in Java, Indonesia is investigated by comparison with 443 GPS ground control points. The study confirms the high accuracy of SRTM3 and SRTM30, even if the a priori defined 90% confidence level of 16 m for the SRTM3 is not always achieved in this mountainous region. Accuracy of SRTM30, GTOPO30 and SRTM3 is mainly dependent on the altitude itself and the slopes' inclinations, whereas the photogrammetric DEM exhibits constant accuracy over a wide range of altitudes and slopes. For SRTM3 and SRTM30 a statistically significant correlation between heights and aspects of the slopes is also found. Accuracy of DEMs which are generated by interpolation on a finer grid does not change significantly. Smoothing of DEMs on a coarser grid, however, decreases accuracy. The decrease in accuracy is again dependent on altitude and slope inclination. The comparison of SRTM30 with GTOPO30 exhibits a significant improvement of SRTM30 data.
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Ridho hendra yoga perdana, Mochammad junus, and Junaedi adi prasetyo. "Vertical Take Off Landing (VTOL) Untuk Drop Kits Pada Quadcopter." Journal of Applied Smart Electrical Network and Systems 1, no. 01 (2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52158/jasens.v1i01.27.
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A structure due to natural disasters often occurs in Indonesia, and this is caused by the location of Indonesia in the path of earthquakes and volcanoes. Logistics delivery in the form of medicines and food has been hampered, and this is acknowledged by the Indonesian government, which experienced many obstacles when it had to reach an isolated location due to land transportation lines being cut off. So it was designed an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or drone that can deliver survival kits to some places that are isolated due to natural disasters autonomously. Flight orders will be made through the Mission Planner software, which is then sent to the drone using 433 MHz telemetries. Survival kits carried by drones will be dropped using a servo to a predetermined location. The work of Vertical Take-Off Landing (VTOL) for Drop Kits has successfully carried out a mission to deliver survival kits to 4 different locations in one flight. By using the 433 MHz Telemetry, the drone can travel a maximum distance of 120 meters in 5 minutes 10 seconds with a 9 Ah battery capacity.
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Kastolani, Wanjat, and Revi Mainaki. "Does Educational Disaster Mitigation Need To Be Introduced In School?" SHS Web of Conferences 42 (2018): 00063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184200063.
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Indonesia is an archipelagic country in subduction of three global plates namely Eurasia, Pacific and Indo-Australia. Make it has many active volcanoes and mountain morphology that are prone to earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides. In astronomical location Indonesia is a country in tropical latitude with high rainfall and irradiation. Makes it vulnerable to atmospheric and hydrosphere disasters such as drought, tropical storms and floods. Also has multicultural population that makes it vulnerable to social conflict. Various factors indicate that Indonesia is a country prone to various disasters. Need disaster mitigation socialization efforts early on. This study describe the need to introduce disaster mitigation education as one of the efforts of disaster risk reduction in schools to students. This study uses literature study method by collecting various written references from books and publications of research results. Use descriftive analysis tecnique for process data. The results show that disaster mitigation education needs to be introduced at the level of schooling in Indonesia. As one of the efforts to prepare the people of Indonesia disaster preparedness. Disaster mitigation education should be included in the curriculum of education, especially on subjects that have a correlation therein.
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Sagala, Saut Aritua Hasiholan, and Hadian Idhar Yasaditama. "Analisis Bahaya dan Resiko Bencana Gunungapi Papandayan (Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Cisurupan, Kabupaten Garut)." Forum Geografi 26, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v26i1.5046.
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Risk assessment is an important step to be carried out for disaster management. It provides information for decision makers and communities in pre-disaster, during disaster and post disaster event. Nevertheless, risk assessment in Indonesia, especially on active volcanoes is still limited. This paper presents the risk assessment of Mt. Papandayan (2.665 m), the most active volcano in West Java. The unit of analysis in this study follows the administrative boundaries of village so that the identification can be applied at village level using GIS. Hazard analysis refers to the official hazard map produced by PVMBG while the vulnerability analysis is carried out in 3 sub-analysis, physical vulnerability (7 indicators), social vulnerability (7 indicators), and economic vulnerability. The hazard and vulnerability were overlayed in order to produce the risk which is subsequently made into risk map. The findings indicate that the villages located near and on the direction of the crater have relatively higher risk compared to other villages. The risk map can be incorporated as one of references for spatial planning that integrates disaster mitigation.