Journal articles: 'Volkhov'

1

Grigoreva, N., V. Krupenik, and Z. Krupenik. "Copper from banks of the Volkhov River." Archaeological News 31 (2021): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/1817-6976-2021-31-277-285.

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This paper presents the results of an experiment for smelting of copper from the ore revealed in the riv- erside limestone deposits on the Volkhov River. This experiment has demonstrated the ease of processing the Volkhov ore, while investigations of the chemical composition (microprobing, ICP-MS) showed the high purity of the smelted metal. These investigations were carried out in order to identify the traces of the use of local ore in mediaeval metalworking. Copper ingots found during excavations at Zemlyanoye Gorodishche in Staraya Ladoga were used for comparison

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Schmertz, Ida. "The Volkhov international business incubator." Small Enterprise Development 10, no. 2 (June 1999): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0957-1329.1999.017.

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TOLMACHEVA, T., E. EGERQUIST, T. MEIDLA, O. TINN, and L. HOLMER. "Faunal composition and dynamics in unconsolidated sediments: a case study from the Middle Ordovician of the East Baltic." Geological Magazine 140, no. 1 (January 2003): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680200701x.

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The Volkhov Regional Stage (Middle Ordovician) in the East Baltic preserves diverse fossil assemblages dominated by epibenthic suspension feeders. Brachiopods, ostracodes, conodonts, echinoderms and bryozoans are the main components of palaeocommunities obtained from clay horizons in the Putilovo section (St Petersburg region, Russia), whereas trilobites, machaeridians, hyolithids, graptolites, benthic foraminifers and gastropods are rare or occur sporadically. Brachiopod bioclasts volumetrically dominate the debris of the studied sediments. Quantitative faunal data are used to assess species diversity patterns, as expressed by the species richness (total number of species in the standardized sample size) and by the evenness or equitability of the community. The numerical abundance of particular taxa in each standardized sample was used to evaluate the density of the fauna. The communities in the Volkhov Stage in Putilovo Quarry reveal a remarkable stability throughout the studied interval and are characterized by high density (1000–6000 specimens per 100 g), relatively moderate species richness (10–15 species) and a moderately variable equitability (0.3–0.7) for the dominant fossil groups (conodonts, ostracodes and brachiopods). Ostracodes significantly increase in numbers within the upper part of the section. This confirms a shallowing of the basin during the late Volkhov interval. Small-scale variability of the diversity estimates does not correlate with the small-scale sea-level changes reconstructed for this part of the basin. It may be connected with error in diversity measurement, or the result of undetected environmental parameters. Variability estimates for different faunal groups are poorly correlated because particular groups have different environmental tolerances.

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Shilin, M. B., A. G. Vasilevskii, and A. G. Kashevarova. "Ecological aspects of reconstruction of the Volkhov hydroelectric station." Hydrotechnical Construction 32, no. 11 (November 1998): 664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02446347.

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Romanov, A. Y., A. A. Stekolnikov, M. R. Grebtsov, and V. A. Grebennikov. "THE VOLKHOV RIVER AS A POLLUTION SOURCE OF LADOZH LAKE." Issues of Legal Regulation in Veterinary Medicine 2 (2021): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2072-6023.2021.2.96.

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6

VIIRA, VIIVE, ANITA LÖFGREN, SILVI MÄGI, and JENNY WICKSTRÖM. "An Early to Middle Ordovician succession of conodont faunas at Mäekalda, northern Estonia." Geological Magazine 138, no. 6 (November 2001): 699–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756801005945.

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The Mäekalda section presents a c. 12 m thick succession of mainly limestones, dolomites and siltstones of late Tremadoc to late Llanvirn age, exposed on the eastern outskirts of Tallinn, northern Estonia. The condensed sequence is rich in well-preserved conodont elements that provide the basis for detailed biozonation. In the Baltoscandian zonation, beds from the upper Varangu Paltodus deltifer Zone up to the lower Aseri Eoplacognathus foliaceus Subzone have been identified. In all, the conodont faunas exhibit a close resemblance to Swedish faunas. Many intervals can also be compared with coeval strata in western Russia. The presence at some levels of representatives of Laurentian conodont lineages provides an unusual opportunity for correlating Baltoscandian sequences with sequences in North America, especially in the lower Arenig part of the succession. The middle Volkhov (upper middle Arenig) Paroistodus originalis Zone at Mäekalda is remarkably complete bearing in mind the highly condensed nature of the section as a whole. The details of this zone can be correlated with the equivalent intervals in Swedish sections. In the upper Volkhov–lower Kunda beds there is a considerable stratigraphic gap in the section, but the upper Kunda has provided an excellent series of successive populations of Eoplacognathus, indicating that in this part the section is virtually complete.

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Saadre, Tõnis, Rein Einasto, and Svend Stouge. "Ordovician stratigraphy of the Kovel-1 well (Volkhov–Haljala) in the Volynia region, northwestern Ukraine." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 51 (October 20, 2004): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2004-51-04.

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The Ordovician succession of the Kovel-1 well in the Volynia region, northwestern Ukraine is composed of a basal 0.6 m thick siliciclastic unit succeeded by 24.7 m Lower and lower Middle Ordovician carbonate sediments. The carbonate rocks are divided into 13 informal lithologic units. The carbonate sediments accumulated in marine shallow water open shelf and shoal or turbulent environs. Biostratigraphically, the succession is referred to seven chitinozoan zones and 12 conodont biozones. Integration, chronostratigraphic position and correlation of the proposed biozones with those from Baltoscandia are briefly discussed. Four major unconformities are recognized within the succession: 1) the Pakerort(?)–Volkhov unconformity, 2) the mid Volkhov unconformity, 3) the early Kunda unconformity and 4) the early Mid Ordovician hiatus. The latter straddles the Oeland–Viru regional Series boundary in the well. The early Mid Ordovician unconformity is prominent and the corresponding hiatus spans the Aseri and Lasnamägi regional stages (= upper Darriwilian). A complex of cyclic transgressive–regressive depositional pattern prevailed and the whole succession is referred to three major depositional cycles. The major depositional cycles are related to global eustatic sea-level cycles in general and hypothetic way to tectonic events caused by collisions of Peri-Gondwanan microcontinents with Baltica.

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Novikova, Yuliya A., K. B. Friedman, V. N. Fedorov, A. A. Kovshov, N. A. Tikhonova, and I. O. Myasnikov. "About the question of the assessment of the drinking water quality in centralized water systems in the current conditions." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 6 (July 29, 2020): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-6-563-568.

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Introduction. Regulation of drinking water quality is a very important area of health care and improving the quality of life of the population of the Russian Federation.The aim of this work is the development a model for the assessment of the drinking water quality and calculating the share of the population, including urban, provided with high-quality drinking water from centralized water supply systems, taking into account new methodological approaches to the evaluation of the quality of drinking water using the example of water supply to settlements in the Leningrad Region. Material and methods. The data on the organization of centralized cold water supply systems and monitoring systems for drinking water quality and the results of laboratory studies of drinking water quality in the cities of Volkhov, Svetogorsk, Slantsy, Tosno were studied. Statistical processing of the results was performed, the categories of quality of drinking water supplied to the population were determined, the number of the population provided with high-quality drinking water from the water supply system was calculated in accordance with Guidelines 2.1.4.0143-19.Results. In 2018, 100% of the population was provided with quality drinking water only in the city of Slantsy. In the city of Tosno, this index reached of 83.5%. In the cities of Volkhov and Svetogorsk, drinking water was rated as low-quality. But it is worth noting that in the cities of Volkhov and Slantsy laboratory tests were carried out at 2 points, in the city of Svetogorsk - only at the 1 point, which, given the number of residents, is not enough. For an objective assessment of the state of drinking water and the development of measures aimed at improving its quality, it is necessary to increase the number of monitoring points, as well as to include the results of control and supervision measures and production laboratory control conducted by water supply organizations in the volume of laboratory information.Conclusion. The proposed model allows us to assess the drinking water quality in centralized water supply systems and the proportion of the population, including urban, provided with quality drinking water at the level of the water supply system, settlement, municipal district (urban district), subject of the Russian Federation

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9

Tolmacheva, Tatiana, Eva Egerquist, T[otilde]nu Meidla, and Lars Holmer. "Spatial variations in faunal composition, Middle Ordovician, Volkhov Stage, East Baltic." GFF 123, no. 2 (June 2001): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11035890101232065.

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10

Musin, Aleksandr. "Ryurik Gorodishche, Yaroslavovo Dvorishche and Novgorod the Great." Archaeological news 28 (2020): 45–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/1817-6976-2020-28-45-75.

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The paper presents a hypothesis of the origin of Novgorod. The decrease of Gorodishche in the 890–930s corresponded to the emergence of settlements at Torgovaya Side. Its revival in the 930–950s was synchronous to the ag- glomeration at Sofiyskaya Side. The appearance of the Princely Court near the Market and the bridge over the Volkhov in the 970s and the construction of the Detinets in the 11th century completed the formation of the town.

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11

Hansen, T., and A. T. Nielsen. "Upper Arenig trilobite biostratigraphy and sea-level changes at Lynna River near Volkhov, Russia." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 50 (April 30, 2003): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2003-50-08.

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Over 5000 trilobites have been collected from Lower Ordovician rocks exposed at the Lynna River in the Volkhov region, east of St. Petersburg, Russia. Bed-by-bed sampling has been carried out through the upper part of Volkhov Formation (top of Jeltiaki Member and the entire Frizy Member), the Lynna Formation and the basal part of the Obukhovo Formation. This interval, which is 7.5 metres thick, correlates with the upper part of the Arenig Series, and presumably even ranges into the very base of the Llanvirn. A preliminary biostratigraphical investigation of top Jeltiaki Member (BIIβ), Frizy Member (BIIγ) and basal Lynna Formation (BIIIα) reveals a rather continuous faunal turnover lacking sharp boundaries, and the biostratigraphical zonation (BIIβ–BIIIα) is primarily defined by the index trilobite taxa. The trilobite ranges are generally in agreement with the pattern described by Schmidt in 1907. The abundance ratio between Asaphus and the ptychopygids seems to be related to changes in relative sea level with Asaphus preferring the most shallow water conditions. A tentative interpretation of sea-level changes suggests an initial drowning at the base of BIIγ, immediately followed by a lowstand that in turn was succeeded by a moderate sea-level rise and then a significant fall. The last marks the BIIγ/BIIIα boundary. Correlation with sections in Scandinavia suggests that the basal part of BIIγ is strongly condensed.

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12

Gaydukov, Petr, Andrey Gomzin, and M. Shorin. "Afrighid drachm from the nearest environments of the Novgorod townsite (a new view 40 years afterwards)." Archaeological news 28 (2020): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/1817-6976-2020-28-76-79.

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The present authors reconsider the already published in 1981 Afrighid drachm of the last quarter of the 8th century AD found during the deepening of the riverbed near the Novgorod townsite. A new investigation has resulted in a more exact attribution of the coin. The examination of the metal of the find, its state of preservation and the circulation of the eastern monetary silver in the Ilmen-Volkhov region have allowed us to conclude on the most probable time of its occurrence in the territory under consideration.

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13

Kotkova, V. M. "New data on aphyllophoraceous fungi of the protected areas of the Leningrad Region. III. Planned botanical natural monument “Yushkovo”." Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 43 (2009): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2009.43.129.

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The paper provides the first data on aphyllophoraceous fungi of the planned botanical natural monument “Yushkovo” (Volkhov District of Leningrad Region). Among 59 species of aphyllophoraceous fungi collected there, one species (Irpex oreophilus (Lindsey et Gilb.) Niemela) is new for the European part of Russia. The only localities in the Leningrad Region of Hyphodontia latitans (Bourdot et Galzin) Ginns et Lefebvre, Lepidomyces subcalceus (Litsch.) Julich and Vararia ochroleuca (Bourdot et Galzin) Boidin are on the area studied. New localities of 2 species from Red Data Book of Leningrad Region were found.

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14

Hansen, Jesper, and David A. T. Harper. "Brachiopod macrofaunal distribution through the upper Volkhov – lower Kunda (Lower Ordovician) rocks, Lynna River, St. Petersburg region." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 50 (April 30, 2003): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2003-50-03.

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The ranges of 27 brachiopod species, through the upper Volkhov-lower Kunda interval of the Lynna River section, are presented on the basis of over 17,500 specimens. Three depth-related ecological associations are recognized within the succession of alternating limestones and marls forming part of an array of nearshore to mid-shelf communities in an intracratonic setting. Faunal diversity is relatively stable throughout the section with little evidence for abrupt local extinctions or originations. The dominant orthoid and clitambonitoid assemblages, however, form the basis of the distinctive Baltic brachiopod province developed during this time interval.

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15

Knaust, D., and A. Dronov. "Balanoglossites ichnofabrics from the Middle Ordovician Volkhov formation (St. Petersburg Region, Russia)." Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 21, no. 3 (May 2013): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0869593813030040.

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16

Ignatov, A. I., and A. G. Rudnik. "Econstruction of the hydropower and hydromechanical equipment at the Volkhov hydroelectric station." Hydrotechnical Construction 31, no. 4 (April 1997): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02960651.

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17

Löfgren, A. "The middle Lanna/Volkhov Stage (middle Arenig) of Sweden and its conodont fauna." Geological Magazine 132, no. 6 (November 1995): 693–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800018926.

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AbstractIn the established European conodont zonation the Paroistodus originalis Zone represents an interval in the upper middle Arenig or middle Lanna/Volkhov Stage. I have so far found it at 14 Swedish localities, represented in my collections by more than 116 000 conodont elements from 79 limestone samples. Presence/absence data together with major frequency shifts among conodont taxa allow the recognition of five successive phases within the P. originalis Zone and the corresponding chron. Phase 1 occurs in the basal part of the zone, where an increase in frequency of Triangulodus brevibasis and P. originalis distinguishes it from immediately subjacent beds. Phase 2 corresponds to the (transgressive) lower middle part of the zone with an influx of Periodon, and Drepanoistodus basiovalis replacing D. forceps. Phase 3 is equivalent to the upper middle part of the zone with generally more than 30% of the zonal denominator and with Microzarkodina parva replacing M. flabellum. Phase 4 is a short (regressive) event where the frequency of Paroistodus is drastically lowered, and phase 5 corresponds to the upper part where Paroistodus again increases. The zone is particularly well represented at Lanna, Province of Närke, in south-central Sweden, where it also seems possible to connect the conodont succession with the standard trilobite zonation. Thus, at Lanna as well as at Finngrundet in the Bothnian Bay, Megistaspis (M.) simon first appears in the basal lower middle part of the P. originalis Zone.

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Taylor, Paul D., and Sergei Rozhnov. "A new early cyclostome bryozoan from the Lower Ordovician (Volkhov Stage) of Russia." Paläontologische Zeitschrift 70, no. 1-2 (March 1996): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02988275.

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Stouge, Svend, and Arne Thorshøj Nielsen. "An integrated biostratigraphical analysis of the Volkhov–Kunda (Lower Ordovician) succession at Fågelsång, Scania, Sweden." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 50 (April 30, 2003): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2003-50-06.

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The Komstad Limestone is composed of dark grey to black micritic limestone deposited in an outer shelf environment on the margin of the East European Platform. It represents an interval of low sea level during the late Volkhov to early Kunda that led to the spread of limestones into the shale-dominated western lithofacies belt. The Baltoniodus norrlandicus, Lenodus antivariabilis, Lenodus variabilis, Yangtzeplacognathus crassus and Lenodus pseudoplanus conodont zones were identified in the upper Volkhov to lower Kunda interval. Based on the most recent taxonomic and biostratigraphical framework, the Megistaspis limbata (with two subzones), Asaphus expansus and Asaphus raniceps trilobite zones were identified. A shale intercalation in the lower part of the Komstad Limestone contains the graptolites Phyllograptus cor in association with Glyptograptus sp. and is referred to Darriwilian 1 (Upper Arenig). In the Baltoscandian zonation this matches the upper part of the Didymograptus hirundo graptolite Zone. The upper level of the Komstad Limestone and the basal part of the overlying Almelund Shale do not contain graptolites, whereas the succeeding black shales of the Almelund Shale belong to the Holmograptus lentus Zone (Llanvirn). The Arenig-Llanvirn boundary is situated at or very near the top of the Komstad Limestone. The conodont assemblage in the lower part of the Komstad Limestone at Fågelsång is associated with forms of Gondwanan affinity, which probably reflects the cool water environment of the outer shelf setting. The higher part of the limestone contains the Whiterockian conodont species Dzikodus sp. and Histiodella tableheadensis. These important Laurentian forms occur together with abundant Gothodus sp. 1 and Cyclopyge umbonata in the base of the Asaphus expansus Zone. The arrival of the Laurentian taxa – as well as Cyclopyge with an ‘Gondwana’ affinity – is related to a transient sea level rise at the base of the A. expansus trilobite Zone.

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20

Koromyslova, A. V. "Bryozoans of the Latorp and Volkhov horizons (Lower-Middle Ordovician) of the Leningrad Region." Paleontological Journal 45, no. 8 (November 29, 2011): 887–980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031030111080028.

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21

Egerquist, Eva, and Lars E. Holmer. "Early–Middle Ordovician (Billingen–Volkhov stages) Orthide and Protorthide brachiopods from the East Baltic." GFF 128, no. 4 (December 2006): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11035890601284339.

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22

Tsvetkov, D. V. "Features first translation confucian text “Lunyu” on russian language." Bibliosphere, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2019-2-65-69.

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This paper is about research of the manuscript “Book Sishu or Shang Lunyu, of Chinese confucianistic law. Translated by Jacob Volkov”. This manuscript is a first Russian translation of confucianistic “Analects”, made in the XVIIIth century. Reason of research was in learning of specifics of this translation. This research is based on comparative analyse of Volkovs translation with original version of “Analects”, compiled by Zhu Xi. It was explain, that there a lot of differences between Volkovs translation and original variant of “Analects”. There is a large possibility that J. Volkov translated “Analects” from unknown and, perhaps, lost version of this text.

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23

Lindskog, Anders, Mats E. Eriksson, and Anna M. L. Pettersson. "The Volkhov–Kunda transition and the base of the Holen Limestone at Kinnekulle, Västergötland, Sweden." GFF 136, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2014.880507.

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24

Koren, Tatiana N., Vera Gorshenina, and Tatiana Tolmacheva. "Volkhov graptolites from the lower-middle Ordovician boundary beds of the St. Petersburg region, Russia." Paläontologische Zeitschrift 78, no. 1 (April 2004): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03009139.

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25

Hansen, Thomas. "Cyrtometopinid trilobites from the upper Volkhov and lower Lynna Formation (lower Darriwilian) of NW Russia." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 58 (February 16, 2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2010-58-01.

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Two cyrtometopinid trilobite taxa from the lower Darriwilian of NW Russia are examined. A new species of the genus Krattaspis is described, extending the stratigraphical range of the genus into the lower Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician). K. paraspinosis n.sp. is the youngest representative of the genus, but is closest to forms assigned to Cyrtometopus and confirms the derivation of Cyrtometopus from Krattaspis. Ontogenetic studies of K. paraspinosis n.sp. and Cyrtometopus clavifrons Angelin, 1854, from the same beds indicates a forward displacement of the eyes with increasing size, which may be contrary to all other known members of the family Cheiruridae.

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Holmer, Lars E., and Leonid E. Popov. "Revision of the type species of Acrotreta and related lingulate brachiopods." Journal of Paleontology 68, no. 3 (May 1994): 433–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002233600002583x.

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The poorly known type species of Acrotreta, A. subconica Kutorga, 1848 [=Spondylotreta faceta Gorjansky, 1969], is redescribed and a neotype selected from the lower Arenig (Billingen Stage, Oeland Series) Päite beds in the environs of St. Petersburg (Tosna river), Russia. Acrotreta is also the type of the lingulate brachiopod family Acrotretidae Schuchert, 1893, and order Acrotretida Kuhn, 1949. Four new species are described: A. korynevskii from the upper Tremadoc–lower Arenig, South Ural Mountains; A. tallinnensis from the upper Arenig (Volkhov Stage), Tallinn, northern Estonia; A. nobilis from the Llanvirn (Kunda Stage), Siljan district, Sweden; A. cooperi from the Llandeilo, Alabama, USA. Acrotreta has many features in common with Spondylotreta Cooper, 1956. The type species of the latter, S. concentrica Cooper, 1956, from the Llandeilo Pratt Ferry beds at Pratt Ferry, Alabama, is refigured.

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LÖFGREN, A. "Conodont biozonation in the upper Arenig of Sweden." Geological Magazine 137, no. 1 (January 2000): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800003484.

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Conodont faunas from the Arenigian Lanna/Volkhov Stage in Baltoscandia have been the subject of intensive study, particularly during the last decade, and different biozonations based on them have been proposed. The application of some of these zones is discussed here. The present investigation is mainly based on 64 samples from ten sections in Sweden, but conodont collections from Bornholm (Denmark) and Tamsalu (Estonia) have also been studied. Lindström's (1971) concept of the upper Arenigian Microzarkodina parva Zone is essentially replaced by a revised Baltoniodus norrlandicus Zone. The zone corresponds closely to Bagnoli & Stouge's (1997) recently distinguished B. norrlandicus and Lenodus antivariabilis zones, which can be recognized in sections where a more detailed subdivision and correlation is possible under the names of the T. quadrangulum Subzone and the L. antivariabilis Subzone, respectively.

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Fedorov, Petr V. "Lower Ordovician mud mounds from the St. Petersburg region, northwestern Russia." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 50 (April 30, 2003): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2003-50-10.

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Hecker-type mud mounds are calcareous-clay buildups occurring in the Lower Ordovician (Billingen and Volkhov regional stages), condensed cool-water carbonates of northwestern Russia. The unusual feature of these buildups is the dominance of terrigenous clay in their cores. In all the buildups an initial gently-sloping mound of unconsolidated fossiliferous clay rests on a hardground surface. A layer of microsparite overlies the clay, with another hardground surface on the top. The mud mounds vary in diameter from tens centimetres to hundreds metres. Large mounds form complex multi-storey structures and contain sedimentary facies, which differ markedly from the facies of surrounding rocks. There is evidence that siliceous sponges formed these mud mounds. The Hecker-type mud mounds are moderate to cold-water sponge buildups with a unique combination of features found in their cold and warm water Phanerozoic counterparts.

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Yeremin, Gennady, Olga Markova, Sergei Noskov, and Olga Mironenko. "On the issue of improving the assessment of atmospheric air quality in the area of industrial enterprises." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine 15, no. 3 (2020): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2020.306.

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In the Russian Federation, since 2018, the implementation of the Federal project “Clean air” has begun, planned until 2024. Within the framework of this project, a set of works is planned to reduce the level of atmospheric air pollution and improve the quality of monitoring of harmful substances in the atmosphere. Our research was aimed at improving the monitoring of the quality and condition of atmospheric air in the city of Volkhov, Leningrad region, in the industrial zone of which modern production facilities are dynamically developing. Pollutants of 78 types are released into the atmosphere of the city from 13 enterprises. The total emission of pollutants into the atmosphere from these enterprises is 9.12 thousand tons/year. The most significant contribution is made by the following enterprises: JSC “metachem” (JSC “Apatit”) — 23.7 %; JSC “pikalevskaia soda” (LLC “Glatsem”) — 62.6 %, located on the same industrial site.

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Semenov, N. K., S. S. Terentyev, G. V. Mirantsev, and S. V. Rozhnov. "A New Hybocrinid Genus (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) from the Middle Ordovician of Ladoga Glint on the Volkhov River." Paleontological Journal 55, no. 1 (January 2021): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031030121010123.

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Barbashova, M. A., M. S. Trifonova, and E. A. Kurashov. "FEATURES OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF INVASIVE SPECIES OF AMPHIPODS IN THE LITTORAL OF LAKE LADOGA." Russian Journal of Biological Invasions 14, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/1996-1499-2021-14-1-13-26.

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The modern distribution of invasive amphipods of Baikal ( Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebbing, 1899) , Micruropus possolskii Sowinsky, 1915) and Ponto-Caspian origin ( Pontogammarus robustoides Sars, 1894 , Chelicorophium curvispinum (Sars, 1895)) in Lake Ladoga was shown. The heterogeneity of the distribution of quantitative indicators of amphipods in different parts of the lake was established. The most widespread species in the littoral zone was G. fasciatus . A decrease in the contribution of G. fasciatus in the bottom communities of macrozoobenthos was noted. The dominant role of G. fasciatus was observed only in those parts of the lake where other species of invasive amphipods did not penetrated yet. The habitat of Ponto-Caspian amphipods is limited by the boundaries of the Volkhov Bay. A significant increase in the quantitative development of P. robustoides and active dispersal of M. possolskii to the South along the west coast of the lake indicate the ongoing structural restructuring of littoral biocenoses.

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Shabanov, Victor I., Sergey L. Belenko, and Pavel A. Garibin. "A CONCEPT OF BUILDING THE �KOTOVITSY� RIVER PORT COMBINED WITH A TRANSPORT-LOGISTIC CENTER ON THE VOLKHOV RIVER." Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova 11, no. 4 (August 28, 2019): 670–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21821/2309-5180-2019-11-4-670-682.

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Tolmacheva, T., E. Egerquist, and P. Fedorov. "Conodonts and brachiopods from the Volkhov Stage (Lower Ordovician) microbial mud mound at Putilovo Quarry, north-western Russia." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 50 (April 30, 2003): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2003-50-05.

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Microbially mediated clay mud mounds are widely developed in the Lower Ordovician succession east of St. Petersburg (Russia) and are associated with a diverse and abundant fauna of brachiopods, ostracodes, echinoderms, bryozoans and conodonts. The lithology of one such mud mound in Putilovo Quarry has previously been studied, but the faunas associated with the mounds have not been investigated to date. Clay lenses in the Putilovo mud mound yield conodont assemblages belonging to the Baltoniodus triangularis and lowermost part of the Paroistodus originalis zones and these stratigraphical intervals are much thicker in the mud mound than in the coeval Lower Ordovician succession lateral to the mound. The compositions of the conodont and brachiopod assemblages are generally the same in the mud mound as in contemporaneous beds. The occurrence of relatively fewer conodont elements in the mud mound than in the surrounding successions probably indicates the higher rate of accumulation of the mud mound clays. Juvenile brachiopods are more numerous in the clays of the mud mound than outside the build-up, supporting the hypothesis that the mounds included ecologically stressed environments.

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Rozhnov, S. V. "A new genus of Parablastoidea (echinodermata) from the Middle Ordovician of Ladoga glint on the Volkhov river (Ladoga region)." Paleontological Journal 47, no. 2 (March 2013): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s003103011302010x.

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Tretyakov, K. A. "Structure and Seasonal Dynamics of the Ectoparasite Community of the Pygmy Shrew Sorex minutus in the Ilmen-Volkhov Lowland." Entomological Review 98, no. 2 (April 2018): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873818020057.

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Ionona, N. N., and R. G. Akhtyamov. "Damage assessment at depressurization of oil tank and spill oil product into water." Transport Technician: Education and Practice 1, no. 1-2 (June 28, 2020): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.1.18.

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A significant part of hydrocarbons is transported by rail. At the same time, oil products are considered dangerous goods, accidents during transportation of which can lead to emergency situations. The emergency situation caused by the depressurization of the tank car with gasoline was considered, as a result of which gasoline got into the river Volkhov (Kirishi, Leningrad Region). Presents the calculation of damage from emergency situations when transporting gasoline in a tank car. Defined the economic losses, as well as damage to the environment: atmospheric air, water and land resources. The total environmental damage is calculated. When the damage assessment analysis of the relationship between damage caused to the environment from the time elapsed from the moment of an emergency, prior to commencement of works on localization and liquidation of emergency transport. It was revealed that the least environmental damage would be if proceed to emergency response within the first hour. In the second hour, environmental damage increases by 68 %, and in the third hour it increases by another 23 %.The conclusion is made about the effectiveness of rapid response and work on localization of an emergency situation related to the spill of petroleum products into a water body.

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Fedotova, P. I. "THE «IDEAL» WAY: WAS IT POSSIBLE TRANSCONTINENTAL WATER ROUT ALONG THE RIVES OF EASTERN EUROPE?" EurasianUnionScientists 9, no. 4(73) (May 14, 2020): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.9.73.711.

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The article shows the fallacy of traditional ideas about the existence of a water transit route from the Baltic to the Volga and the Dnieper. Due to the low water content of the rivers of Eastern Europe during the water minimum of the first Millennium ad and the presence of rapids on the Volkhov, Msta and Lovat, these rivers were unsuitable for navigation, not only for keel Scandinavian, but also for any cargo ships. The water road from Ilmen to the Volga, as well as the Dnieper (the way «from the Varangians to the Greeks») never existed. The hydrographic characteristics of Msta and Lovat exclude the possibility of platoon movement of rowing vessels along these rivers. Shipping conditions along the Western Dvina and the Dnieper were extremely difficult. The belief of historians in the river routes of Eastern Europe in the era of the Vikings VIII –XI century based on the undue transfer of social and geographical conditions of navigation in the high water period and the era of the centralized state of the II Millennium ad in the pre-state period in the era of water minimum of I Millennium ad.

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Koromyslova, Anna V., and Petr V. Fedorov. "The oldest bifoliate cystoporate and two other bryozoan taxa from the Dapingian (Middle Ordovician) of north-western Russia." Journal of Paleontology 95, no. 1 (September 25, 2020): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2020.73.

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AbstractBryozoans from the Dapingian (Middle Ordovician) of the Baltic paleobasin remain poorly studied and their taxonomic composition is unclear. In this paper, three bryozoan taxa, a bifoliate cystoporate Planopora volkhovensis n. gen. n. sp., a trepostome Hemiphragma insolitum n. sp., and an esthonioporate Esthoniopora clara Koromyslova, are described from Dapingian deposits of an unusual clayey-calcareous Hecker-type mudmound on the right bank of the Volkhov River in Leningrad Oblast’, north-western Russia. Combined X-ray microtomography, scanning electron microscopy, and light microscopy of thin sections were used to characterize their morphology. Analysis of the stratigraphic distribution of early cystoporate bryozoans suggests that Planopora n. gen. is the oldest сystoporate bryozoan with an erect, bifoliate colony. The growth modes of these bryozoans are discussed. The colonies of P. volkhovensis n. gen. n. sp. and E. clara have an attachment structure, a holdfast, at their base, probably indicating their attachment to sponge spicules. The bryozoan H. insolitum n. sp. produced rod-like colonies, formed by overgrowing the problematic tubular fossil Sphenothallus Hall. It can be assumed that sponges with unfused siliceous spicules and individuals of Sphenothallus were numerous on the surface of the mudmound during its formation and provided a suitable substrate for settlement of bryozoan larvae.UUID: http://zoobank.org/5715872a-8c61-446e-9413-d713fdef1a08

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Bergström, Stig M., and Anita Löfgren. "The base of the global Dapingian Stage (Ordovician) in Baltoscandia: conodonts, graptolites and unconformities." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 99, no. 3-4 (December 2008): 189–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691009008081.

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ABSTRACTIn the recently completed and formally ratified new series and stage classification of the Ordovician System, the base of the Middle Ordovician Series coincides with the base of the global Dapingian Stage. In the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of this stage, which is located at Huanghuachang in southern China, the base of the Dapingian Stage is defined as the level of first appearance of the conodont Baltoniodus triangularis. The fact that this species, along with some other taxa present at the Dapingian GSSP, occurs in many sections in Baltoscandia makes it possible to recognise with considerable precision the level of this global stage boundary in Sweden, Estonia, northwestern Russia, and Denmark. In several, but not all, regions, especially in the East Baltic, the global stage boundary coincides with the base of the regional Volkhov Stage and can be tied to the base of the Megistaspis polyphemus Trilobite Zone. The regionally somewhat different relationships between the position of the global stage boundary and a very widespread hardground complex are probably due to the occurrence of local and/or regional unconformities in the upper Floian–lower Dapingian interval. Although biostratigraphically important graptolites are present in the study interval in some Baltoscandic sections, the precise graptolite correlation of the base of the Dapingian Stage remains somewhat unclear, although it appears to be near, or at, the base of the Isograptus victoriae victoriae Zone (Ca 2).

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Alexey, Isaev. "Soviet Heavy and Super-Heavy Artillery During the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945." TECHNOLOGOS, no. 2 (2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.kipf/2021.2.01.

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The article is dedicated to the usage and types of Red Army heavy and super heavy artillery during the Great Patriotic War. The purpose of the article is to define the exact reasons of low intensity use of Soviet heavy and super-heavy artillery during the war: virtually retreat during 1941-1943 and slow increase of usage during 1944-1945. High intensity of heavy artillery service took place just in 1945. This question has several answers: Red Army high command concerns about expensive guns lost in combat, specific conditions on the Eastern front, incompetence of command is all invalid. Research is based on comparison of archival materials in the field of ordnance production and expenditure. By the use of statistics it described the ordnance production and inventory. The materials show that ordnance production for heavy and super-heavy artillery in USSR was inadequate before the war. Due to the defeat of the Red Army in 1941 the situation worsened. The exact cases were analyzed on the basis of technical and managerial decisions. Ordnance prices and plants involved in ordnance production have also been considered by the research. Exact samples of heavy artillery usage are described with necessary statistics about it: Rzhew battles in 1942, Volkhov battles in 1943. Red Army statistics is compared with Wehrmacht statistics and US statistics of ordnance expenditure. In conclusions it has been shown the interconnection between intensity of use and ordnance provided by war economy.

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Stouge, Svend. "Barrandegnathus n. gen. (conodonta) from the Komstad Limestone (lower Mid Ordovician), Scandinavia, and its palaeogeographical significance." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 52 (December 31, 2005): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2005-52-18.

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A characteristic early Mid Ordovician conodont fauna first recorded from Bohemia is known from Morocco and southwestern Scandinavia. It is characterized by Barrandegnathus n. gen. (type species: Baltoniodus bohemicus Dzik, 1983). Barrandegnathus bohemicus is considered to be endemic to the Tornquist Sea, but it is often associated with Baltic Province conodonts. The fauna was first described from the Klabava Formation the sediments of which accumulated in the Prague Basin, Czech Republic and was subsequently recorded as reworked Ordovician conodont fauna preserved in Upper Silurian strata from Morocco and from the Komstad Limestone in southwest Scandinavia. The stratigraphical range of the species is confined to the late part of the early Mid Ordovician (Darriwilian; Volkhov Regional Stage). Barrandegnathus bohemicus probably migrated to Baltica with cold-water ocean currents moving from the high latitudinal Perunica terrane to the Gondwana supercontinent and to the southwestern margin of the Baltica continent. Baltic Province conodonts are recorded from cool-water carbonates at or just off the periphery of Gondwana. Rifting along the Gondwana margin followed by drifting of palaeocontinents and terranes towards mid-high latitudes promoted deposition of cool-water carbonates. Baltic Province conodonts are recorded from Gondwana and Gondwana derived continents. The distribution of cool-water carbonates and the associated conodont fauna shows that Baltic Province conodonts were not confined to the Baltica continent. Barrandegnathus n. gen. is introduced; the genus is represented by B. bohemicus (Dzik, 1983).

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Petrov, D. S., and A. S. Danilov. "ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE HYDROCHEMICAL CONDITIONS OF FLOODED PHOSPHATE ROCK QUARRIES." Water and Ecology 25, no. 3 (2020): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.3.63-69.

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Introduction. This article presents the results of studying the current environmental state of surface water bodies located in the affected area of phosphate mining enterprises and significantly altered as a result of technogenesis. Objects of accumulated environmental damage caused by mining enterprises contain the bulk (up to 85%) of waste accumulated in dumps, heaps and storages. In the Leningrad region, these are ash and slag dumps of the Slantsy Plant — about 35%, phosphogypsum of Fosforit Production Association and Volkhov Aluminum Smelter — about 18%, quartz sand with the content of phosphorite of Fosforit Production Association — about 17%, limestone — wastes from beneficiating oil shale of Leningradslanets Production Association — 12%, ash and slag dumps of CHPPs and state district power plants — 5%. In this regard, the authors assess the hydrochemical situation that has formed in the territory of the industrial site of ООО PG Fosforit in recent years. Methods. The article describes in detail a method for conducting field and laboratory studies for the period from 2017 to 2019, including a method for sampling and analysis. The authors analyze the content of basic anions and cations in a series of metals using high performance liquid chromatography and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results. In the course of the studies, the authors revealed pollutants, the content of which in surface water bodies exceeds the maximum allowable concentrations. Conclusions. As a result of the studies, the authors identified sources of accumulated environmental damage and post-technological processes affecting the state of water bodies, and determined the trophicity of minor rivers in the affected area of decommissioned mining enterprises.

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Lysenkov, Sergei. "The headquarters of the Supreme command and its role in the unblocking of Leningrad (1941–1944)." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2020, no. 1 (April 8, 2020): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2020-1-24-29.

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Abstract: The subject of the study is information gleaned from documents of the military command, other materials of the great Patriotic war period, revealing the actions of the Supreme command Headquarters and the military Council of the Leningrad front to unblock Leningrad. The chronological order shows the combat actions of the red army troops who defended the city from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944 under the conditions of a military blockade. The reasons and consequences of unsuccessful attempts to break the blockade are analyzed, indicating the combat losses of our troops. It shows the strategic importance of the battle of Leningrad in securing a fundamental turning point in the war of the Soviet Union against Nazi Germany. The article uses the method of dialectical materialism, which allowed the author to explore the events and facts associated with the liberation of Leningrad from the Nazi blockade, in their development, relationship and interdependence. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the author considers the combat actions of the troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts to unblock Leningrad not in the context of the traditional coverage of the breakthrough of the blockade in 1943. and the complete liberation of the city in 1944, and speaks of four more attempts, the first of which was made immediately after the establishment of the blockade in September 1941. unfortunately, none of them reached the goal set by the Stavka, but each attempt created the necessary conditions for success in operations «Iskra» and «Neva-2».

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Lukin, Pavel V. "“Novgorod the Great”." Slovene 7, no. 2 (2018): 383–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2018.7.2.15.

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The aim of the paper is to examine the concept that was crucial for the Novgorod’s political identity in the time of independence — ‘Novgorod the Great’ (Veliky Novgorod). The author takes into account not only mentions of this phrase in Novgorodian medieval documents and narratives, but also considerable and highly important evidence originating from other Russian lands and abroad (Hanseatic and Lithuanian documents written in Middle Low German and Latin). A review of the relevant publications shows that, at present, the issue still remains a controversial one. The author comes to the following conclusions. In Hanseatic documents, written in Middle Low German, ‘Novgorod the Great’ was already being mentioned since at least 1330s, which is more than sixty years earlier than is considered in the current conventional view. For the first time ‘Novgorod the Great’ is mentioned not in a Novgorodian text but in a Kievan one — in the account from the Hypatian Chronicle of 1141. In the second half of the 12th century it appeared in the principality of Vladimir-Suzdal, and only much later was adopted by Novgorodians themselves. While in Southern and North-East Rus’ ‘Novgorod the Great’ was initially used to distinguish Novgorod on the Volkhov River from local and smaller Novgorods (Novgorod-Seversky and Nizhny Novgorod), Novgorodians employed it to glorify their polity. In this case it could stand for three different things: the city of Novgorod, the whole polity (Novgorod republic), and ‘the political people’ of Novgorod, i.e. those of the Novgorodians who enjoyed full citizenship rights.

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Starodubtseva, I. A., and V. V. Romanova. "Women in geology. Olga Alekseevna Denisova (1893—1972)." Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2020-63-3-82-91.

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The article presents the biography of O.A. Denisova (1893—1972), one of the first Russian female geologists involved in practical geology. In 1918, she graduated from the Natural Department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow Higher Women’s Courses. During her studies, she participated in field research in the Moscow Region, on Volkhov and Vychegda rivers under the guidance of A.B. Missuna. In 1923, she graduated from Moscow State University with a degree in geology. Since 1918, O.A. Denisova had worked as a researcher in the Moscow branch of the Geological Committee, since 1920 as a geologist in the Geological Department of the Special Commission for the Study of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly. Later she was engaged in the study of deposits of building materials and hydrogeological surveys. O.A. Denisova began her activity under the supervision of A.D. Arkhangelsky. The article contains her previously unpublished memories about this famous geologist. O.A. Denisova taught geology and hydrogeology at universities and technical schools in Moscow. In 1936 O.A. Denisova was awarded the degree of Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences without defending a thesis, and in 1946 the All-Union Certification Commission approved her with the academic rank of Associate Professor at the Department of Geology. O.A. Denisova was awarded the medal “For Valiant Labour during the Great Patriotic War of 1941— 1945” (1946) and “In memory of the 800th anniversary of Moscow” (1948). The collections of rocks and minerals collected by O.A. Denisova during field work in the Kursk and Belgorod regions, are stored in the State Geological Museum named after V.I. Vernadsky of RAS.

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Kolbanova, E. V. "Simultaneous direct ex vitro rooting and adaptation of the blue honeysuckle micro-sprouts (Lonicera Caerulea L. var. Kamtschatica)." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 58, no. 3 (August 4, 2020): 298–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-3-298-310.

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Direct rooting of regenerative plants under ex vitro conditions is of great importance in agricultural biotechnology, as it leads to acceleration of micropropagation process by eliminating the stage of in vitro rooting and reduces the costs for obtaining healthy planting material of fruit and small-fruit crops. Possibility of direct ex vitro rooting and adaptation of blue honeysuckle microshoots at one stage with no stage of in vitro rooting has been determined. For ex vitro rooting and adaptation of honeysuckle microshoots, it is required to use non-sterile substrate: Sphagnum L. moss with a surface layer of peat (0.5 cm). The rate of rooted microshoots on this substrate makes 72-84 % during summer-autumn period and not less than 60 % during winter period. Thermal treatment of the peat surface layer and the use of aqueous IBA solutions at ex vitro rooting stage will be economically justified during propagation of individual varieties characterized by low proliferation activity in in vitro culture or low ex vitro rhizogenic activity, as well as breeding novelties requiring rapid propagation and obtaining of large amount of planting material. Thermal treatment of the peat surface layer allows increasing the rate of rooted microshoots of Volkhov variety by 10.7 %, Krupnoplodnaya variety by 13.2 %, Pavlovskaya variety by 3.8 % when rooting during spring period. Use of aqueous solutions of IBA increases the rate of rooted plants by 6.2-6.7 % in Vostorg and Krupnoplodnaya varieties when rooting during summer period. Carrying out of one cutting of ex vitro rooted microshoots and further cuttings of obtained material can be used to increase the yield of planting material of blue honeysuckle varieties. Ex vitro rooting and adaptation of blue honeysuckle microshoots at one stage with further ex vitro cutting increases production profitability by 3.5 and 12.9 times in comparison with conventional method of clonal micropropagation of blue honeysuckle.

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STURESSON, ULF, LEONID E. POPOV, LARS E. HOLMER, MICHAEL G. BASSETT, SERGEI FELITSYN, and BORIS BELYATSKY. "Neodymium isotopic composition of Cambrian–Ordovician biogenic apatite in the Baltoscandian Basin: implications for palaeogeographical evolution and patterns of biodiversity." Geological Magazine 142, no. 4 (July 2005): 419–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756805000877.

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Biogenic apatite preserved in 148 samples of conodonts and organophosphatic-shelled brachiopods from Cambrian through Ordovician successions of the Baltoscandian Basin (Baltica Plate) preserves a sensitive record of early Palaeozoic sea-water chemistry interpreted via neodymium isotope ratios. Consistent ${\uvarepsilon}$Nd(t) values of −9.6 to −8.3 for Lower to Middle Cambrian samples suggest no significant lateral or temporal variation across the region. Average Upper Cambrian values are −7.2 to −7.7. Sedimentary analysis suggests that the influence of continental weathering from Baltica as a major source of radiogenic Nd was negligible. Ordovician samples show a rise to −5 to −6 in the early Arenig, early–mid Llanvirn and late Caradoc. Sea-water mixing from the southeast Iapetus Ocean was a constant factor throughout Cambrian–Ordovician times. The rise reflects erosion of obducted volcanic arc complexes along the Caledonian margin, and probably also relates to pollution of the Baltica sector of Iapetus from the approaching Avalonia Plate. Patterns of evolutionary biodiversity and palaeobiogeographical linkages support the geochemical signatures in interpreting the tectonic history of the region. Extinction of lingulate brachiopod faunas in the Tremadoc, followed by subsequent recovery and emergence of benthic assemblages typical of the Ordovician Evolutionary Fauna in the Billingen–early Volkhov regional stages coincide with significant changes in geochemical characteristics of water masses across the Baltoscandian basin. The early and mid Ordovician (Arenig to Llandeilo) brachiopod faunas of the North Estonian Confacies Belt are characterized by high endemism and low turnover rates, whereas increased immigration resulted in the extinction of a number of local lineages in the late Llanvirn. From the mid Caradoc to mid Ashgill, when Baltica was drifting on a course to collide eventually with Avalonia and gradually approach Laurentia, brachiopod assemblages were characterized by higher turnover rates. At the same time they gradually became more cosmopolitan and less influenced by the invasion of new faunas.

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Piskun, Artem S., Galina V. Ganets, and Gleb A. Averchenko. "Methods of on-site inspection of a reinforced concrete bridge exemplified by the bridge over the river Kosopasha." Vestnik MGSU, no. 7 (July 2020): 957–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.7.957-967.

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Introduction. An on-site inspection method is a visual examination of an engineering structure aimed at the detection of defects, damages, and disturbances of a construction facility and further issuance of recommendations for their elimination. An on-site inspection method is among the principal ones applied, as it serves to identify all defects of bridge structures during their service lives. Materials and methods. The structures of the bridge over the Kosopasha river, located at the 5+910 km of the Pasha – Sviritsa – Zagubye motor road, the Volkhov District, Leningrad Region, were inspected. An on-site inspection method was applied to collect the information and perform the preliminary analysis. Results. The co-authors described the construction of the bridge elements, including the road deck topping, expansion joints, the safety parapet, sidewalks, hand rails, water insulation, the drain line, the bridge approach, the span, bridge support structures, piers, the bridge abutment, and the under-bridge area. They analyzed the condition of these elements at the time of their inspection; they compiled a report on defects, damages and the bridge deck capacity. The main defects include concrete leaching accompanied by concrete reinforcement denuding, concrete cracking and chipping, absence of safety parapet, partial destruction of rails, and failure of abutment strengthening constructions. Conclusions. Recommendations for the further operation of the bridge were formulated on the basis of inspection results. A set of measures is proposed with the purpose of eliminating the defects and further safe operation of the bridge structure. The recommendations include a set of repair works in respect of particular joints and constructions: removal of dust and dirt from the elements of the bridge topping and sidewalks, repair of minor damages of reinforced concrete structures, shore protection aimed at abutment reconstruction, installation of the safety parapet.

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Volkov, Evgeny V. "German Democratic Republic of the 1970s–1980s through the Eyes of Soviet Officers (Oral Stories)." Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 70 (December 2017): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf2017.70.volkov.

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Sementsov, S. V. "Regularities of Creating in the XVIII - Mid XX Centuries a Regular Agglomeration of St. Petersburg - Leningrad and Problems of its Preservation as a World Heritage Object." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.651.

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Before the foundation of St. Petersburg in 1703, there had for centuries existed a developed system of rural settlements located on the flat valleys and areas along the Neva River and around the Ladoga Lake. Since 1703, under the leadership of Peter I and his followers, there was carried out a systematic creation of the capital St. Petersburg agglomeration (St. Petersburg and residential suburbs around it), which was done on the basis of purposefully introduced principles of regularity and harmony of architectural ensembles, by the methods of large-scale reconstruction of the previous irregular system of the population settlement distribution. The scale of this new agglomeration had no analogues in world town-planning practice of the XVIII century and united spaces with the total area over 200 square kilometers, which extended from the town of Sestroretsk in the North to the town of Novgorod in the South, from the town of Narva in the West to the Volkhov River in the East. The regularity and multi-center character of the central city formed according to the pattern of a mesh and cellular structure (with the dimensions of 10 km by 15 km), was supplemented with a regularity of suburban ensembles` layout and multi-kilometer rectilinear axes – roads connecting them. Some of the roads had the length of several hundred km (such as the road from Moscow to St. Petersburg built in 1706-1718, that was as long as nearly 700 km). Huge suburban forest-park and natural-landscape spaces between palace and park ensembles were united as star-patterned compositions. This historically created agglomeration is deservedly included in the List of Objects of the World Heritage, but so far it has not received a unambiguous understanding of its uniqueness and needs a considerable effort in searching new individual ways of the historical heritage preservation. On the basis of the archive records, the contribution presents an analysis of regularities of consecutive and purposeful transformation of the historical rural settlements system existing up to the foundation of St. Petersburg into the capital St. Petersburg agglomeration of regular type.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Volkhov'

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