Relevant bibliographies by topics / Voltage follower

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Voltage follower'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Voltage follower"

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Bhautik D. Pandya, Bhautik D. Pandya. "High Speed Voltage Followers- Flipped & Translinear Voltage Follower." IOSR journal of VLSI and Signal Processing 2, no. 2 (2013): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/4200-0224751.

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Sharma, Susheel, L. k. Mangotra, S. S. Rajput, and S. S. Jamuar. "Improved FGMOS-Based Low-Voltage Voltage Follower." IETE Journal of Research 51, no. 4 (July 2005): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2005.11416410.

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Vlassis, S., and G. Raikos. "Bulk-driven differential voltage follower." Electronics Letters 45, no. 25 (2009): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2009.1551.

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SAKUL, CHAIWAT, and KOBCHAI DEJHAN. "FLIPPED VOLTAGE FOLLOWER ANALOG NONLINEAR CIRCUITS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 21, no. 03 (May 2012): 1250024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126612500247.

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This paper describes squaring and square-rooting circuits operable on low voltage supplies, with their application proposed hereby as vector-summation and four-quadrant multiplier circuits. These circuits make use of a flipped voltage follower (FVF) as fundamental circuit. A detail classification of basic topologies derived from the FVF is given. The proposed circuits have simple structure, wide input range and low power consumption as well as small number of devices. All circuits are also examined and supported by a set of simulations with PSpice program. The circuits can operate at power supply of ±0.7 volts, the input voltage range of the squaring circuit is ±0.8 volts with 1.59% relative error and 1.78 μW power dispersion, the input current of the square-rooting circuit is about 50 μA with 0.55% relative error and 1.4 μW power dispersion and the vector-summation circuit have linearity error of 0.23% and 2.92 μW power dispersion. As in four-quadrant multiplier circuit, the total harmonic distortion of the multiplier is less than 1.2% for 0.8 VP-P input signal at 1 MHz fundamental frequency. Experimental result is carried out to confirm the operation by using commercial CMOS transistor arrays (CD4007). These circuits are highly expected to be effective in further application of the low voltage analog signal processing.
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Su, W. J., and F. J. Lidgey. "New architecture high performance voltage follower." Electronics Letters 30, no. 22 (October 27, 1994): 1826–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19941270.

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Kadanka, P., and A. Rozsypal. "Rail-to-rail voltage follower without feedback." Electronics Letters 36, no. 2 (2000): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20000182.

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Padilla-Cantoya, Ivan, Paul M. Furth, Jesus E. Molinar-Solis, and Alejandro Diaz-Sanchez. "Low-voltage differential voltage follower for WTA and fully differential applications." IEICE Electronics Express 9, no. 6 (2012): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.9.491.

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Thanapitak, Surachoke, Prajuab Pawarangkoon, and Chutham Sawigun. "A Flipped Voltage Follower Second-Order Bandpass Filter." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 07 (March 17, 2017): 1750112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617501122.

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This paper presents a compact second-order bandpass filter developed by combining the well-known flipped voltage follower circuit as a transconductance network with two capacitors. Operated in the subthreshold region, the filter’s center frequency can be adjusted linearly by varying the bias current. Post-layout simulation using a 0.35-[Formula: see text]m CMOS process confirms the suitability of the proposed filter in low-voltage, low-power environment.
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Tanno, K., H. Matsumoto, O. Ishizuka, and Zheng Tang. "Simple CMOS voltage follower with resistive-load drivability." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 46, no. 2 (1999): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/82.752947.

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Barthelemy, H., and E. Kussener. "High speed voltage follower for standard BiCMOS technology." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 48, no. 7 (July 2001): 727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/82.958343.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Voltage follower"

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Charalampidis, Nikolaos. "Novel approaches in voltage-follower design." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2006. http://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/bad01df9-ee82-88aa-e5c8-2d241fb8a2fc/1.

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The aim of this research programme was to design and develop novel voltagefollowerslbuffers, suitable for radio frequency (RF) applications. The emphases throughout has been on improving key characteristics, in particular distortion, operating bandwidth, input and output impedances, offset-voltage and power supply demands of the design. The majority of the results of this work have been reported by the author in the technical literature (I] to (6). Initially this research focuses on the investigation of the underlying operating principles of the voltage-follower to provide an in-depth understanding of its operation. This study concentrates on establishing reasons for the poor distortion, low input and high output impedances and increased offset-voltage and confirmed that these designs have inherently poor performance in these parameters. The analysis is carried out using both theoretical modelling and computer simulation, using the wellestablished software package ORCAD PSpice. Despite the availability of high performance computer simulation tools, it becomes apparent that 'hand' calculations in the design process, generally based on DC and small-signal transistor parameters, are essential. Therefore a detailed analysis of the transistor-models used throughout this research is carried out with PSpice data. Using the analytical results of the conventional voltage-follower as a benchmark, various novel circuit techniques investigated. Several new circuits are proposed with respect to improving the previously mentioned key characteristics. The first technique comprises local feedback and single-valued current biasing and 111 consists of emitter-followers exclusively throughout the signal path, keeping the distortion of the input signal to low levels [1 J, (2). The second technique is based on local feedback with double-valued current biasing, increasing somewhat the power dissipation but reducing, notably, the distortion of the configuration [3J, [4J, [5J, [6J. The final technique employs the emitter-followers throughout the signal path in combination with global feedback and double-valued current biasing, which presents significantly better results, on certain parameters, than conventional and existing configurations. It is anticipated that this work will be published in the near future.
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Šojdr, Marek. "Návrh nízko-příkonového interního napěťového regulátoru pro automobilové aplikace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399493.

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This master’s thesis deals with the design of integrated voltage regulator. Topologies of linear voltage regulators and their stability are discussed. Part of the thesis deals with description and simulation of blocks of selected regulator topology. The thesis describes the difficulties of integrated circuit design in the automotive industry. The electrical scheme of the designed regulator is explained. The work also focuses on the stability of designed regulator. Then presents simulations. It discusses the layout of integrated circuits and the designed voltage regulator.
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Serra, Hugo Alexandre de Andrade. "Design of switched-capacitor filters using low gain amplifiers." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8214.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores
Analog filters are extremely important blocks in several electronic systems such as RF transceivers or sigma delta modulators. They allow selecting between signals with different frequency and eliminating unwanted signals. In modern deep-submicron CMOS technologies the intrinsic gain of the transistors is low and has a large variability, making the design of moderate and high gain amplifiers extremely difficult. The objective of this thesis is to study switched-capacitor (SC) circuits based on the low-pass and band-pass Sallen-Key topologies, since they do not require high gain amplifiers. The strategy used to achieve this objective is to replace the operational amplifier (opamp) with a voltage buffer. Doing this simplifies the design of the amplifier although it also eliminates the virtual ground node from the circuit. Without this node parasitic insensitive SC networks cannot be used. Due to modern parasitic extraction software that can reliably predict the values of parasitic capacitances, the historical disadvantage of parasitic sensitive SC networks (parallel SC) is no longer critical, allowing its influence to be compensated during the design process. Different types of switches were simulated to determine the one with the least nonlinear effects. Two techniques (common mode voltage adjustment and source degeneration) were used to reduce the distortion introduced by the buffers. Low-pass (second and sixth order) and band-pass (second and fourth order) SC filters were simulated in differential configuration in standard 130 nm CMOS technology, having obtained for the low-pass filter a distortion of -62 dB for the biquad section and -54 dB for the sixth-order filter, for a cutoff frequency of 1MHz and when operating at 100 MHz of clock frequency. The total power consumption was 986 W and 5.838 mW, respectively.
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Minarčík, Martin. "Návrh koncepce napěťového konvejoru a jeho aplikační možnosti." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233471.

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This doctoral thesis deals with a voltage conveyor as a new active element for an analog signal processing. Various types of the voltage conveyors have been defined as a dual active elements to current conveyors based on a duality principle. Conception of a new active element that can supply all types of the voltage conveyors have been proposed. The active element has been named an universal voltage conveyor – UVC. A voltage follower is a basic building block of the UVC. The well-known circuit realization of the voltage follower comes from four transconductance amplifiers with key parameters (voltage transfer and output resistance) derived from relative accuracy of used transconductance amplifiers has been used by UVC fabrication. A new circuit realization of the voltage follower comes from three transconductance amplifiers with key parameters also derived from relative accuracy of used transconductance amplifiers has been designed. Further the doctoral thesis deals with a frequency filter with the voltage conveyors design using signal flow graphs. Various graphs of the voltage conveyors comes from the various circuit analysis methods with non-regular active elements have been created. A basic graph of the voltage conveyor has been designed with help of a known controlled sources graphs. This graph have been used to design of multifunctional frequency filters, filters with high input and low output impedance and controlled frequency filters. A design procedure have been created so that in specific step of the frequency filter design the basic graph of the voltage conveyor could be extended to graph of any type of the voltage conveyor. Thereby a practical usage of various types of the voltage conveyors has been finding out. Further a new method of frequency filter design based on expanding of the signal flow has beenproposed.
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Boštík, Ondřej. "Koaxiální multiplexer pro automatizované měření AC proudu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240832.

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Master’s thesis in the theoretical part deals with literature review on the topic of measurement errors and measurement uncertainties. The practical part deals with the simulation of additional capacitive and resistive load on the amplitude and phase error during shunts based measurement. For this simulation is used mathematical apparatus of cascade matrix of two-ports and their connections. For the actual simulation is used script for MATLAB. Furthermore, the work deals with the design of voltage follower to eliminate simulated errors and its practical realization. The last part deals with the design of the coaxial multiplexer for switching current shunts developed in the Czech Metrological Institute in Brno.
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Michalička, Filip. "Syntéza elektronicky rekonfigurovatelných kmitočtových filtrů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413078.

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This diploma thesis deals with design of reconection-less electronically reconfigurable filter structures which have single input and single output using unconventional active elements, which have ability to adjust one of their parameter e.g. gain or transconductance. The first part describes basic parameters of frequency filters, the division of filters by frequency transfer response and used circuit elements, their operational modes, the principle of reconnection-less electronically reconfiguration and the circuit design method MUNV. Second part describes all active elements used in the proposal of filters, their properties and the implementation using existing transistor-level models. The third part contains the design of three reconnection-less electronically reconfigurable filters and the simulations results obtained from simulation programs OrCAD Capture and PSpice. The obtained results were compared with theoretical behaviour. This part also contains results of these analyses: sensitivity, parasitic, Monte Carlo and temperature to determine the behaviour in varied cases.
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Kadlčík, Libor. "Efektivní použití obvodů zlomkového řádu v integrované technice." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-432494.

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Integrace a derivace jsou obvykle známy pro celočíselný řád (tj. první, druhý, atd.). Existuje ale zobecnění pro zlomkové (neceločíselné) řády, které lze implementovat pomocí elektronických obvodů zlomkového řádu (případně provést jejich aproximaci) a které poskytuje nový stupeň volnosti pro návrh elektronických obvodů. Obvody zlomkového řádu jsou obvykle aproximovány diskrétními součástkami pomocí RC struktur s velkými rozsahy odporů a kapacit, a tím se jeví nepraktické pro použití v integrovaných obvodech. Tato práce prezentuje implementaci obvodů zlomkového řádu v integerovaných obvodech a jejich praktické využití v této oblasti. Jsou použity prvky se soustředěnými parametry (např. RC žebřík) i prvky s rozprostřenými parametery (např. R-PMOScap, skládající se z nesalicidovaného proužku polykrystalického křemíku nad hradlovým oxidem); je použita pouze technologie typu analogvý CMOS bez dodatečných procesních kroků. Užití obvodů zlomkového řádu bylo demonstrováno realizací několika integrovaných napěťových regulátorů, v nichž obvody zlomkového řádu realizují řízení zlomkového řádu za účelem dosažení silné stejnosměrné regulace a dobré stability regulační smyčky - i bez použití kompenzační nuly nebo příliš vysoké externí kapacity (některé napěťové regulátory dovolují i zatěžovací kapacitou v rozsahu nula až nekonečno).
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Pánek, David. "Syntéza diferenčních filtračních struktur se složenými aktivními prvky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399604.

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This document is focused on already existing single-ended frequency filters with modern active components working in current mode and their modification into fully-differential ended form. After the modification both versions were compared between each other. The first part informs about problems concerning analogue frequency filters. The second part deals with used active components - MO-CF (Multiple Output Current Follower), BOTA (Balanced transconductance amplifier), UCC (universal current conveyor), VDTA (Voltage differencing transconductance amplifier), CDTA (Current differencing transconductance amplifier) and VDCC (voltage differencing current conveyor). Four circuits have been chosen and transformed into their differential form. Two circuits have been chosen and realised into PCB and then practicaly measured in a laboratory. The last part is a summary of simulations and measured results and check of circuits behavior result.
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Jašek, František. "Návrh nových aktivních filtrů pomocí grafů signálových toků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218236.

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This master’s thesis describes the design of the frequency filters by the help of the graph of the signal flows. There are defined by modern components like GVC (Generalized Voltage Conveyor), GCC (Generalized Current Conveyor), CF (Current Follower), DO-CF (Dual-Output Current Follower), OTA (Operational Transconductance Amplifier), BOTA (Ballanced Operational Transconductance Amplifier) and CFTA (Current Follower Transconductance Amplifier), the graphs of the signal flows, which describe their activity in the thesis. In the other part of the thesis is illustrated the procedure of the design of the frequency filters by the help of the graphs of the signal flows. For the concrete design was selected in the first case as the active component double output current follower and in the second case the CFTA. There are noted all designed circuits of the frequency filters also their characteristic equations in this thesis. The activity of the selected circuits was remitted to the analysis in the simulation program called PSpice. Because the active components, with which was engaged in the design of the filter which doesn’t exist in the real form, that is why the UCC, which is sufficing for attestation of the function of the circuit, was used for the simulation. The simulation was implemented in the frequency range 10 Hz to 10 MHz.
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Mikuška, Martin. "Střídač pro trojfázový motor." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220710.

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This master’s thesis goes into design of particular circuits for three phase inverter. Inverter’s control is ensured by digital signal controller MC56F8013 with his program. Principle of control is suggested for individual motors. Inverter design considerate universal use and capability for any three phase motor. Particular blocks are compatible each other.
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Books on the topic "Voltage follower"

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Pancaldi, Giuliano. The Physics of Imponderable Fluids. Edited by Jed Z. Buchwald and Robert Fox. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696253.013.10.

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This article discusses the physics of imponderable, or weightless, fluids. It first reviews the existing historical literature on the physics of imponderables before considering how supporters and sceptics of imponderables reacted after 1800 to the introduction of new instruments of analysis that followed the introduction of the Voltaic battery. The Voltaic battery was followed by the development of an array of new concepts that included sophisticated mathematical tools, unanticipated chemical procedures, and ingenious wood and brass apparatus. The tangled developments accompanying the introduction of these new instruments culminated somehow, after two decades, with the adoption of the notion of electric current. The article also explores the views of Pierre Simon Laplace regarding imponderables and how the new instruments were addressed by three authors: Jean Baptiste Biot, Humphry Davy, and André-Marie Ampère.
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Magee, Patrick, and Mark Tooley. Physics in anaesthesia. Edited by Antony R. Wilkes and Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0023.

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This chapter covers the basic science of physics relevant to anaesthetic practice. Equipment and measurement devices are covered elsewhere. Starting with fundamentals, atomic structure is introduced, followed by dimensions and units as used in science. Basic mechanics are then discussed, focusing on mass and density, force, pressure, energy, and power. The concept of linearity, hysteresis, and frequency response in physical systems is then introduced, using relevant examples, which are easy to understand. Laminar and turbulent fluid flow is then described, using flow measurement devices as applications of this theory. The concept of pressure and its measurement is then discussed in some detail, including partial pressure. Starting with the kinetic theory of gases, heat and temperature are described, along with the gas laws, critical temperature, sublimation, latent heat, vapour pressure and vaporization illustrated by the function of anaesthetic vaporizers, humidity, solubility, diffusion, osmosis, and osmotic pressure. Ultrasound and its medical applications are discussed in some detail, including Doppler and its use to measure flow. This is followed by an introduction to lasers and their medical uses. The final subject covered is electricity, starting with concepts of charge and current, voltage, energy, and power, and the role of magnetism. This is followed by a discussion of electrical circuits and the rules governing them, and bridge circuits used in measurement. The function of capacitors and inductors is then introduced, and alternating current and transformers are described.
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Kuwabara, Satoshi. Neuromuscular junction disorders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199658602.003.0014.

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Ten seminal papers on disorders of the neuromuscular junction are described, covering historical aspects, recent advances in immunological, biological, and genetic researches, and future perspectives. Early descriptions of myasthenia gravis (MG) date back to the seventeenth century, and MG acquired its name in the nineteenth century. The first symptomatic treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors was reported in 1934, leading to the development of modern immunological therapies. Following the discovery of anti-MuSK (muscle-specific tyrosine kinase) antibody in 2001, MG is currently classified into three categories: AChR-positive, MuSK-positive, and dual-seronegative. Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome was recognized in 1956, followed by the discovery of antibodies to voltage-gated calcium channels in the pre-synaptic membrane, facilitating diagnosis and improving the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms. Since the late twentieth century, many types of congenital myasthenic syndromes with pre-synaptic, synaptic, and post-synaptic defects have been identified, and a classification based on molecular genetics is in evolution.
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Epstein, Charles M. Electromagnetism. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0001.

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This article elucidates on the concept of electromagnetism and electromagnetic induction with a view to explaining the theory of magnetic stimulation, used to cure diseases in human beings. Magnetic stimulation follows the principles of electromagnetism. A changing primary current induces secondary currents, which are called eddy currents, in the nearby conductors (human tissue in this case). The strength of the electric field is measured by its electromotive force (emf), which in turn, is measured in volts. The changing primary current also gives rise to an induced voltage in the primary loop itself. The essential circuitry of a magnetic stimulator is composed of three elements, the capacitor, inductance of the stimulation coil, and a switch to connect them. This article also explains the process of the energy flow system through the inductor-capacitor system, applying this principle to the biphasic TMS pulse.
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Book chapters on the topic "Voltage follower"

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Ramirez-Angulo, Jaime, Maria Rodanas Valero-Bernal, Antonio Lopez-Martin, Ramon G. Carvajal, Antonio Torralba, Santiago Celma-Pueyo, and Nicolás Medrano-Marqués. "The Flipped Voltage Follower: Theory and Applications." In Analog/RF and Mixed-Signal Circuit Systematic Design, 269–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36329-0_12.

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Yadav, Swati, and Bhawna Aggarwal. "Low-Voltage Squarer–Divider Circuit Using Level Shifted Flipped Voltage Follower." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 1131–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8542-5_100.

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Hinojo, José María, Clara Luján Martínez, and Antonio Torralba. "The Flipped Voltage Follower (FVF): An Alternative Topology for LDO Regulators." In Internally Compensated LDO Regulators for Modern System-on-Chip Design, 91–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75411-6_5.

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Srilakshmi Ravali, M., Lalitha Malladi, and J. Sunilkumar. "Design and Implementation of High Speed and Large Bandwidth Voltage Follower Using CMOS Technology." In Algorithms for Intelligent Systems, 855–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6307-6_88.

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Savaliya, Jatin, Keyurkumar Patel, and Axaykumar Mehta. "Distributed Event-Triggered Sliding Mode Control for Voltage Synchronization of DC Microgrid Using Leader–Follower Consensus Protocol." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 25–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0226-2_3.

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Ghosh, Sougata, Saumya Tripathi, and Vijaya Bhadauria. "A Low Harmonic High Gain Subthreshold Flipped Voltage Follower-Based Bulk-Driven OTA Suitable for Low-Frequency Applications." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 469–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6840-4_38.

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Golanbari, Mohammad Saber, Mojtaba Ebrahimi, Saman Kiamehr, and Mehdi B. Tahoori. "Selective Flip-Flop Optimization for Circuit Reliability." In Dependable Embedded Systems, 337–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52017-5_14.

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AbstractThis chapter proposes a selective flip-flop optimization method (Golanbari et al., IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integr VLSI Syst 39(7):1484–1497, 2020; Golanbari et al., Aging guardband reduction through selective flip-flop optimization. In: IEEE European Test Symposium (ETS) (2015)), in which the timing and reliability of the VLSI circuits are improved by optimizing the timing-critical components under severe impact of runtime variations. As flip-flops are vulnerable to aging and supply voltage fluctuation, it is necessary to address these reliability issues in order to improve the overall system lifetime. In the proposed method, we first extend the standard cell libraries by adding optimized versions of the flip-flops designed for better resiliency against severe Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) impact and/or supply voltage fluctuation. Then, we optimize the VLSI circuit by replacing the aging-critical and voltage-drop critical flip-flops of the circuit with optimized versions to improve the timing and reliability of the entire circuit in a cost-effective way. Simulation results show that incorporating the optimized flip-flops in a processor can prolong the circuit lifetime by 36.9%, which translates into better reliability.This chapter is organized as follows. Section 1 introduces wide-voltage operation reliability issues and motivates the proposed selective flip-flop optimization approach. The impacts of runtime variations on flip-flops are explained in Sect. 2. Consequently, Sect. 3 presents cell-level optimization of the flip-flops. The proposed selective flip-flop optimization methodology is described in Sect. 4, and optimization results are discussed in Sect. 5. Finally, Sect. 7 concludes the chapter.
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Senani, Raj, D. R. Bhaskar, A. K. Singh, and R. K. Sharma. "Synthesis of Analog Circuits Using Only Voltage and Current Followers as Active Elements." In Analog/RF and Mixed-Signal Circuit Systematic Design, 289–315. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36329-0_13.

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Polanco-Martagón, Said, Gerardo Reyes Salgado, Georgina Flores Becerra, and Esteban Tlelo Cuautle. "Distributed Selection of the Optimal Sizes of Analog Unity Gain Cells by Fuzzy Set Intersection." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 180–209. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6627-6.ch008.

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A distributed system based on Fuzzy sets to select the optimal sizes of Unity Gain Cells (UGCs) is introduced. A zoom technique is also introduced to search for the optimal sizes in a more refined way. The selected sizes accomplish target specifications established by linguistic variables, namely gain “closer to” unity and “large” bandwidth, which are represented by fuzzy sets. The case of study is focused on three Voltage Follower and a CFOA whose performance characteristics are evaluated by using IC technology of 0.35µm and 180µm, respectively, and the circuit simulation program SPICE. Every circuit is codified by the width and large (W/L) of every Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect-Transistor (MOSFET) and by its bias current source. From the population of feasible solutions computed by evolutionary algorithms, the optimal W/L sizes are selected by the proposed distributed system through the intersection of fuzzy sets.
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Koch, Christof. "Linearizing Voltage-Dependent Currents." In Biophysics of Computation. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195104912.003.0016.

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We hinted several times at the fact that a small excitatory synaptic input in the presence of voltage-dependent channels will lead to a local depolarization, followed by a hyperpolarization. Those of us who built our own radios will recognize such an overshooting response as being indicative of so-called RLC circuits which include resistances, capacitances as well as inductances. As a reminder, a linear inductance is defined as a circuit element whose instantaneous I—V relationship is, where L is the inductance measured in units of henry (abbreviated as H). Although neurobiology does not possess any coils or coillike elements whose voltage is proportional to the current change, membranes with certain types of voltage- and time-dependent conductances can behave as (/they contained inductances. We talk of a phenomenological inductance, a phenomenon first described by Cole (1941) and Cole and Baker (1941) in the squid axon (see Cole, 1972). Under certain circumstances, discussed further below, such damped oscillations can become quite prominent. This behavior can be obtained in an entirely linear system, as can be observed when reducing (in numerical simulations) the amplitude of the synaptic input (or step current): even though the voltage excursion around steady-state becomes smaller and smaller, the overshoot persists. It is not due to any amplification inherent in such a membrane but is caused by its time- and voltage-dependent nature. Such a linear membrane, whose constitutive elements do not depend on either voltage or time, and which behaves like a bandpass element, has been called quasi-active (Koch, 1984) to distinguish it from a truly active, that is, nonlinear membrane. In this chapter, we will explain in considerable detail how an inductance-like behavior can arise from these membranes by linearizing the Hodgkin-Huxley equations. Experimentally, this can be done by considering the small-signal response of the squid giant axon and comparing it against the theoretical predicted value, a further test of the veracity of the Hodgkin-Huxley equations, which they passed with flying colors.
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Conference papers on the topic "Voltage follower"

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Padilla-Cantoya, Ivan, Jesus Ezequiel Molinar-Solis, and Gladis O. Ducoudary. "Class AB low-voltage CMOS Voltage Follower." In 2007 Joint 50th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS) and the IEEE Northeast Workshop on Circuits and Systems (NEWCAS 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2007.4488713.

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Haga, Yasutaka, and Izzet Kale. "Bulk-driven flipped voltage follower." In 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2009.5118363.

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Thanapitak, Surachoke, and Chutham Sawigun. "Flipped voltage follower ISFET readout circuits." In 2016 5th International Symposium on Next-Generation Electronics (ISNE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isne.2016.7543382.

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Charalampidis, N., K. Hayatleh, B. L. Hart, and F. J. Lidgey. "A High Frequency Low Distortion Voltage-Follower." In 2006 International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccas.2006.285135.

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Charalampidis, N., K. Hayatleh, B. L. Hart, and F. J. Lidgey. "A high-speed low-distortion voltage-follower." In 2006 3rd International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceee.2006.251873.

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Kumngern, Montree. "CMOS differential difference voltage follower transconductance amplifier." In 2015 IEEE International Circuits and Systems Symposium (ICSyS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/circuitsandsystems.2015.7394080.

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Haga, Yasutaka, and Izzet Kale. "0.8-Volt bulk-driven flipped voltage follower." In 2013 IEEE Faible Tension Faible Consommation (FTFC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ftfc.2013.6577753.

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Kanjanop, Arnon, Apirak Suadet, Pratchayaporn Singhanath, Thawatchai Thongleam, Sanya Kuankid, and Varakorn Kasemsuwan. "An ultra low voltage rail-to-rail DTMOS voltage follower." In 2011 Fourth International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Applied Optimization (ICMSAO). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmsao.2011.5775534.

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Niranjan, Vandana, Ashwani Kumar, and Shail Bala Jain. "Low voltage flipped voltage follower based current mirror using DTMOS technique." In 2013 International Conference on Multimedia, Signal Processing and Communication Technologies (IMPACT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mspct.2013.6782129.

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Niranjan, Vandana, Ashwani Kumar, and Shail Bala Jain. "Low-voltage and high-speed flipped voltage follower using DTMOS transistor." In 2014 International Conference on Signal Propagation and Computer Technology (ICSPCT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icspct.2014.6884882.

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