Journal articles: 'Voltage regulators'

1

Blakiewicz, Grzegorz. "Low-Voltage LDO Regulator Based on Native MOS Transistor with Improved PSR and Fast Response." Energies 16, no. 12 (June 20, 2023): 4825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16124825.

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In this paper, a low-voltage low-dropout analog regulator (ALDO) based on a native n-channel MOS transistor is proposed. Application of the native transistor with the threshold voltage close to zero allows elimination of the charge pump in low-voltage regulators using the pass element in a common drain configuration. Such a native pass transistor configuration allows simplification of regulator design and improved performance, with supply voltages below 1 V, compared to commonly used regulators with p-channel MOS transistors. In the presented design of ALDO regulator in 180 nm CMOS X-FAB technology, an output voltage of 0.7 V was achieved with an output current of 10 mA and a supply voltage of 0.8 V. Simulation results show that despite the low supply voltage, output voltage spikes do not exceed 70 mV at the worst technology corner when output current transients from 100 µA to 10 mA. Under such conditions, stable operation and power supply rejection PSR = 35 dB were achieved with an output capacitance of 0–500 pF. The proposed regulator allows to push the limit of ALDO regulator applications to voltages below 1 V with only slight degradation of its performance.

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Panov, Emil Ivanov, Emil Stefanov Barudov, and Milena Dimitrova Ivanova. "Two-port parameters of autotransformer discrete alternating voltage regulators." South Florida Journal of Development 3, no. 6 (December 14, 2022): 7049–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv3n6-051.

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The present paper is dedicated to an unusual analysis of an autotransformer discrete alternating voltage regulator presented as a two-port with a load. The main purpose of the study is to determine the different sets of parameters (matrices) of this two-port – ABCD, B–, H-, G-, Z-, Y-parameters and the characteristic parameters. A Matlab simulation model of the autotransformer discrete alternating voltage regulator with four commutators, realized by thyristor switches, corresponding to different supply voltages, is used for the analysis. The non-linearities of the regulator’s circuit have been considered in the model. The received results were experimentally verified in the case of an active load and a good coincidence less than 1% was achieved. These parameters can be used for quick and accurate analysis of such a device in case of arbitrary type of the load – active, inductive or capacitive. The obtained results could be used to improve the methodologies for designing such regulators.

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Malakhanov, Alexey A., Alla G. Malakhanova, and Yulia O. Vasil'eva. "Development and verification of behavioral models of linear voltage regulators with duty cycle short circuit and overload protection." Proceedings of Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics 26, no. 2 (2023): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21293/1818-0442-2023-26-2-103-108.

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The object of development are behavioral models of a linear negative voltage regulator in two modifications. Linear voltage regulators manufactured by KREMNIY EL GROUP JSC were chosen as prototypes for the models. IC 5348EM035 with a fixed output negative voltage value of 5 V, IC 5348EP035 with an adjustable output negative voltage value of 1.25V to 14.5V and their functional analogue IC UCC284DP manufactured by Texas Instruments were used. These are low voltage drop with duty cycle short circuit and overload protection regulators. Behavioral models are implemented in SPICE language through converting netlists of prototype equivalent circuits. Equivalent circuits on the regulators IC functional circuits were made, taking into account a typical switching circuit. Equivalent circuits of regulators are implemented on the standard mathematical blocks, limiters, dependent sources, controlled switches and passive elements. Parameter limits are written inside controlled sources by mathematical relations. When verifying behavioral models, it was established that the results of modeling the regulators operation correspond to the data in the technical descriptions of manufacturers. The verification was carried in typical switching circuits with given input electrical parameters. In present study the results of modeling the main characteristics of microcircuits are described: input and output voltages, voltage drop across the regulator and timing diagrams of the main modes of operation of the IC, including the mode of duty cycle short circuit and overload protection regulators. The developed and verified behavioral models of linear voltage regulators 5348EM035 and 5348EP035 and their functional analogue UCC284DP will be useful in the engineering, design and study of the characteristics of power supply devices for electronic and industrial equipment. These SPICE models are applicable in modern specialized CAD systems for circuit design and simulation.

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Lastovetskyi, Oleh, and Ihor Likhnovskyi. "METHOD OF MEASURING PSRR FOR LINEAR VOLTAGE REGULATORS." Measuring Equipment and Metrology 85, no. 2 (2024): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2024.02.054.

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The article describes a method for measuring the power supply rejection ratio and its characteristics. A simulation of the measurement in the LTspice program considering a linear voltage regulator as an example, with varying output capacitance is studied.

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Yavuz, Kutluhan Kürşad, Ertuğrul Karakulak, and Reşat Mutlu. "Memristor-based series voltage regulators." Journal of Electrical Engineering 70, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2019-0079.

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Abstract Series linear voltage regulators are integrated circuits commonly used to make adjustable voltage sources. When used with potentiometers, these regulators are able to give adjustable voltage at the output. Memristor is a new nonlinear circuit element which came out in the last decade. It is able to provide electronically adjustable resistance. If a memristor is fed with a voltage over the threshold and it is not under saturation, its resistance also called memristance is dependent on the integration of its current, also called memristor charge. Memristor shows promise for different types and lots of digital and analog applications. In this paper, memristor-based series voltage regulator topologies are suggested and they are examined using parameters and simulations. Some design criteria have been given for the memristor-based series voltage regulators.

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Sheikholeslami, Ali. "Voltage Regulators [Circuit Intuitions]." IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine 12, no. 4 (2020): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mssc.2020.3021866.

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7

Brito, Vinícius Henrique Farias, José Carlos de Oliveira, and Fabricio Parra Santilio. "Modeling and Performance Evaluation of an Electromagnetic Voltage Regulator via Series Compensation." Transactions on Environment and Electrical Engineering 4, no. 1 (June 14, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22149/teee.v4i1.138.

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Although there currently exists a wide range of voltage regulators that are commercially available, the search for devices with a simpler physical design remains the focus of research studies. Following this line, an electromagnetic voltage regulator (EVR) arrangement has been proposed. The EVR is constituted of an autotransformer that supplies, via discrete taps, a series transformer that injects voltage for regulating the feeder voltage. Even though its operating principle is shown as being similar to that of other devices on the market, the physical arrangement and operating strategy of EVR show novelties which result in properties such as: economic attractiveness, constructive simplicity, and operational reliability. Moreover, when installing voltage regulators, efficacy studies must be carried out to optimize equipment design. In this context, this paper aims at evaluating the factors that influence the effectiveness of the EVR in restoring voltage variations according to the determinations imposed by regulatory agencies. The ultimate goal of this study is to determine the voltage deviation range that the EVR is able to restore. To achieve this goal, a mathematical modeling of the EVR is given and study cases are computationally carried out to investigate its performance when connected to a typical distribution feeder.

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8

Melikyan, Vazgen Sh, Andranik K. Hayrapetyan, Hakob T. Kostanyan, Hayk V. Margaryan, Hayk T. Grigoryan, and Armen A. Martirosyan. "Power Supply Ratio Improvement Using Self-Calibration in Voltage Regulators." Proceedings of Universities. Electronics 24, no. 3 (June 2019): 248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24151/1561-5405-2019-24-3-248-256.

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9

Belukhin, D. S. "Improvement of reliability of systems for automatic regulating the voltage of electric rolling stock." Science and Transport Progress, no. 41 (August 25, 2012): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2012/7673.

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10

Vukic, Vladimir, and Predrag Osmokrovic. "On-line monitoring of base current and forward emitter current gain of the voltage regulator's serial pnp transistor in a radiation environment." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 27, no. 2 (2012): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1202152v.

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A method of on-line monitoring of the low-dropout voltage regulator's operation in a radiation environment is developed in this paper. The method had to enable detection of the circuit's degradation during exploitation, without terminating its operation in an ionizing radiation field. Moreover, it had to enable automatic measurement and data collection, as well as the detection of any considerable degradation, well before the monitored voltage regulator's malfunction. The principal parameters of the voltage regulator's operation that were monitored were the serial pnp transistor's base current and the forward emitter current gain. These parameters were procured indirectly, from the data on the voltage regulator's load and quiescent currents. Since the internal consumption current in moderately and heavily loaded devices was used, the quiescent current of a negligibly loaded voltage regulator of the same type served as a reference. Results acquired by on-line monitoring demonstrated marked agreement with the results acquired from examinations of the voltage regulator's maximum output current and minimum dropout voltage in a radiation environment. The results were particularly consistent in tests with heavily loaded devices. Results obtained for moderately loaded voltage regulators and the risks accompanying the application of the presented method, were also analyzed.

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11

Matejček, Miroslav, and Mikuláš Šostronek. "Microcontroller Based Evaluation of Voltage Regulators Efficiency and Their Noise Performance Estimation by Fast Allan Variance Method." Electronics 13, no. 11 (May 30, 2024): 2144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13112144.

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This article deals with power supply linear and switching regulators commonly used in various applications for stabilizing an output voltage and ensuring a necessary power input to the load. It describes their basic parameters, performances, advantages, and disadvantages according to their topologies. We design a measurement chain for efficiency evaluation based on power monitors INA219 connected to an embedded system, Arduino UNO. Measurements were focused on evaluation linear regulators MA7805, LM317, switching regulators SZBK07, LM2575, SCW05B-05, and XH-M401. The resulting efficiency of linear and switching regulators was analyzed and errors in the measurement chain were evaluated. The second contribution is an innovative way of carrying out regulator noise estimation using a fast Allan variance method, focused on white noise and flicker noise (bias instability). The main contribution is employing a fast Allan variance method algorithm that dramatically decreases computation time by up to 11 s for 72 million measured (or generated) samples. It enables the analysis of large data sets of various physical quantities (for example, regulator output voltages).

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12

Shirvani, Mojtaba, Ahmad Memaripour, Meysam Eghtedari, and Hasan Fayazi. "Analyzing the effects of automatic voltage regulators on the dynamic stability." International Journal of Academic Research 6, no. 2 (March 30, 2014): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2014/6-2/a.27.

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13

Nakadomari, Akito, Ryuto Shigenobu, Takeyoshi Kato, Narayanan Krishnan, Ashraf Mohamed Hemeida, Hiroshi Takahashi, and Tomonobu Senjyu. "Unbalanced Voltage Compensation with Optimal Voltage Controlled Regulators and Load Ratio Control Transformer." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 2997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14112997.

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Penetration of equipment such as photovoltaic power generations (PV), heat pump water heaters (HP), and electric vehicles (EV) introduces voltage unbalance issues in distribution systems. Controlling PV and energy storage system (ESS) outputs or coordinated EV charging are investigated for voltage unbalance compensation. However, some issues exist, such as dependency on installed capacity and fairness among consumers. Therefore, the ideal way to mitigate unbalanced voltages is to use grid-side equipment mainly. This paper proposes a voltage unbalance compensation based on optimal tap operation scheduling of three-phase individual controlled step voltage regulators (3ϕSVR) and load ratio control transformer (LRT). In the formulation of the optimization problem, multiple voltage unbalance metrics are comprehensively included. In addition, voltage deviations, network losses, and coordinated tap operations, which are typical issues in distribution systems, are considered. In order to investigate the mutual influence among voltage unbalance and other typical issues, various optimization problems are formulated, and then they are compared by numerical simulations. The results show that the proper operation of 3ϕSVRs and LRT effectively mitigates voltage unbalance. Furthermore, the results also show that voltage unbalances and other typical issues can be improved simultaneously with appropriate formulations.

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14

Yaskiv, V. I., and A. V. Yaskiv. "Adjustable voltage multiplier based on high-frequency magnetic amplifiers." Optoelectronic Information-Power Technologies 45, no. 1 (September 29, 2023): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/1681-7893-2023-45-1-121-127.

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The proposed method of designing of voltage multipliers, which is based on the use of voltage regulators based on high-frequency magnetic amplifiers is describes in the article . The principle of operation of the regulator is described. The topology of the stabilized voltage multiplier is given.

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15

Holladay, D. W., C. H. Grigg, and B. D. Dallman. "Equipment Performance Study on Voltage Regulators." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 23, no. 4 (October 2008): 2496–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2008.923389.

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16

NOREN, K. V., and A. TARAKJI. "Macromodelling of positive IC voltage regulators." International Journal of Electronics 86, no. 2 (February 1999): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002072199133544.

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17

Johnston, A. H., T. F. Miyahira, F. Irom, and J. S. Laird. "Single-Event Transients in Voltage Regulators." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 53, no. 6 (December 2006): 3455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2006.886215.

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18

Vukic, Vladimir. "Minimum dropout voltage on a serial pnp transistor of a moderately loaded voltage regulator in a gamma radiation field." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 27, no. 4 (2012): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1204333v.

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The main examined value in an experiment performed on moderately loaded voltage regulators was the serial pnp transistor?s minimum dropout voltage, followed by the data on the base current and forward emitter current gain. Minimum dropout voltage decreased by up to 12%, while the measured values of the forward emitter current gain decreased by 20-40% after the absorption of a total ionizing dose of 500 Gy. The oxide trapped charge increased the radiation tolerance of the serial lateral pnp transistor owing to the suppression of interface trap formation above the base area. Current flow through the serial transistor of the voltage regulator had an influence on the decrease in the power pnp transistor?s forward emitter current gain. Due to the operation with a moderate load of 100 mA, loss of emitter injection efficiency was not as important as during the operation with high current density, thus eliminating the negative influence of emitter crowding on the radiation hardness of the voltage regulator. For a moderate load, gain in the negative feedback reaction was enough to keep output voltage in the anticipated range. Only information procured from tests of the minimum dropout voltage on the moderately loaded voltage regulators were not sufficient for unequivocal determination of the examined integrated circuit?s radiation hardness.

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19

Cimanis, Vladimirs, Vladimirs Hramcovs, and Ivars Rankis. "The Single-phase AC Regulator on Base of Bidirectional IGBT Switches." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Power and Electrical Engineering 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10144-010-0037-8.

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The Single-phase AC Regulator on Base of Bidirectional IGBT SwitchesIn the work one of the methods for regulation of sinus shape AC voltage for middle-power loads with activeinductive character is observed. Such a regulator keeping output voltage of sinus shape must be fast-reacting and work in closed-loop system. It's shown, that for providing such features Buck and Boost pulse regulators can be applied. The only difference from DC pulse converters is that electronic switches in the system must be with bidirectional conductivity. For this reason an IGBT transistors can be applied with implemented in structure reverse diodes and if such two transistors are connected in series and with contrary conductivity then at activating both one of them will be in on-state. Realization of AC regulators with such switches is described in the work. Results of computer modeling also are given. Output voltage ripples are investigated on subject of their range and efficiency of filtering equipment on LC base. Such regulators can be applied for instance in electrical transport self supply systems.

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20

Pashmineh, S., and D. Killat. "High-voltage circuits for power management on 65 nm CMOS." Advances in Radio Science 13 (November 3, 2015): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-13-109-2015.

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Abstract. This paper presents two high-voltage circuits used in power management, a switching driver for buck converter with optimized on-resistance and a low dropout (LDO) voltage regulator with 2-stacked pMOS pass devices. The circuit design is based on stacked MOSFETs, thus the circuits are technology independent. High-voltage drivers with stacked devices suffer from slow switching characteristics. In this paper, a new concept to adjust gate voltages of stacked transistors is introduced for reduction of on-resistance. According to the theory, a circuit is proposed that drives 2 stacked transistors of a driver. Simulation results show a reduction of the on-resistance between 27 and 86 % and a reduction of rise and fall times between 16 and 83 % with a load capacitance of 150 pF at various supply voltages, compared to previous work. The concept can be applied to each high-voltage driver that is based on a number (N) of stacked transistors. The high voltage compatibility of the low drop-out voltage regulator (LDO) is established by a 2-stacked pMOS transistors as pass device controlled by two regulators: an error amplifier and a 2nd amplifier adjusting the division of the voltages between the two pass transistors. A high GBW and good DC accuracy in line and load regulation is achieved by using 3-stage error amplifiers. To improve stability, two feedback loops are utilized. In this paper, the 2.5 V I/O transistors of the TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology are used for the circuit design.

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Udovichenko, Aleksey, Evgeniy Grishanov, Evgeniy Kosykh, and Ali Mekhtiyev. "Analysis of Novel Energy-Efficient Converters to Ensure the Required Quality of Electrical Energy." Symmetry 15, no. 11 (November 20, 2023): 2092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15112092.

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This article proposes several solutions for the use of novel AC voltage regulators as electrical energy quality conditioners and for the use of a half-bridge voltage inverter circuit as an active filter. This study was carried out with a real object, and more attention was paid to it. Structural models of electrical energy quality assurance systems, the calculation of control system elements and experimental results are presented. In particular, the use of a half-bridge voltage inverter circuit was considered as a replacement for the passive filter of the battery charger and rectifier device. AC voltage regulators are also used as compensators for higher-current harmonics, namely active filters and reactive power, voltage drop, voltage unbalance and flicker effect compensators. Block diagrams of power quality conditioners are presented, control algorithms are developed and the results of the current high-frequency harmonics compensation, reactive power and signal balancing are presented. The results of an active filter experiment based on the NRT 160.220 charge-rectifier device circuit showed a reduction in ripple of up to 1% with smaller dimensions compared to a passive filter. The control characteristics and external characteristics of the regulators are removed. The dependences of the current THD factor and the power factor are presented depending on the modulation depth for AC voltage regulator circuits used as power quality conditioners.

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22

SLAMTI, Anass, Youness MEHDAOUI, Driss CHENOUNI, and Zakia LAKHLIAI. "A sub-1V high PSRR OpAmp based β-multiplier CMOS bandgap voltage reference with resistive division." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 15, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp155-167.

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A sub-1V opamp based β-multiplier CMOS bandgap voltage reference (BGVR) with high power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) and low temperature coefficient (TC) is proposed in this paper. A current mode regulator scheme is inserted to isolate the supply voltage of the operational amplifier (opamp) and the supply voltage of the BGVR core from the supply voltage source in order to reduce ripple sensitivity and to achieve a high PSRR. The proposed circuit is designed and simulated in 0.18-μm standard CMOS technology. The proposed voltage reference delivers an output voltage of 634.6mV at 27°C. Tthe measurement temperature coefficient is 22,3ppm/°C over temperature range -40°C to 140°C, power supply rejection ratio is -93dB at 10kHz and -71dB at 1MHz and a line regulation of 104μV/V is achieved over supply voltage range 1.2V to 1.8V. The layout area of the proposed circuit is 0.0337mm2. The proposed sub-1V bandgap voltage reference can be used as an internal voltage reference in low power LDO regulators and switching regulators.

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23

Li, Jian Wen, Bing Xin Zhang, and Jian Ping Xing. "An Improved Compensation Alternating Voltage Regulator Using Bidirectional-Thyristor Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (December 2011): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.556.

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High power alternating voltage regulators commonly use few isolation transformers to compensate the variation of the input voltage or output load, and use a bidirectional-thyistor bridge with multiple arms to adjust the direction and magnitude of the compensation voltage . This kind of voltage regulator has been widely used for its simplicity, low cost, and high efficiency. But its compensation voltage adjustment process often accompanies with deep output voltage sags or high input current overshoots. An improved topology is proposed---adding one more circuit unit to help the adjustment of compensation voltage. The improved topology can adjust the compensation voltage smoothly---having neither output voltage sags nor input current overshoots.

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24

Meyer, Joseph, Reza Moghimi, and Noah Sturcken. "Package Voltage Regulators: The Answer for Power Management Challenges." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2019, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 000438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2019.1.000438.

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Abstract The generational scaling of CMOS device geometries, as predicted by Moore's law, has significantly outpaced advances in CMOS package and power electronics technology. The conduction of power to a high-performance integrated circuit (IC) die typically requires close to 50% of package and IC I/O and is increasing with trends towards lower supply voltages and higher power density that occur in advanced CMOS nodes. The disparity in scaling of logic, package, and I/O technology has created a significant bottleneck that has become a dominant constraint on computational performance. By performing power conversion and voltage regulation in-package, this limitation can be mitigated. Integration of thin-film ferromagnetic inductors with CMOS technology enables single-chip power converters to be co-packaged with processors, high bandwidth memory (HBM), and/or other modules. This paper highlights the advantages of fully integrated package voltage regulators (PVRs), which include: reducing package I/O allocated for power, eliminating the need for upstream power-conversion stages, and improving transient response. These benefits substantially reduce the size, weight, and power of modern electronic systems.

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Adarchin, S. A., V. G. Kosushki, V. M. Gurin, L. V. Kozhitov, M. S. Vasyutin, and V. G. Bybenin. "Stresses modeling in multilayer semiconductor structures of automobile regulators and predicting the reliability of their operation." Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Materialy Elektronnoi Tekhniki = Materials of Electronics Engineering 23, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1609-3577-2020-2-134-141.

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The problems of increasing the reliability of microelectromechanical systems are considered on the example of an automobile voltage regulator. A model of the process is proposed and a study of the effect of temperature on the formation of stress fields in semiconductor structures of active elements of the controller is carried out. The studies assumed of a possible reason for the change in the parameters of the regulator due to the appearance of defects in the crystal structure of the semiconductor material in the structures of integrated voltage regulators. For the study, a mathematical model was proposed that describes the behavior of a semiconductor element of a real car voltage regulator. It was found that the distribution of stresses in the structures is uneven and the maximum value of stresses reaches the edges., An increase in temperature gradients in the structures of regulators leads to the formation of dislocations that change the electrical characteristics of devices. As a result of modeling, it has been established that thermoelastic stresses arising in the process of manufacturing and functioning of semiconductor structures of a regulator in regulators of this type can cause a change in the structure of a semiconductor device due to relaxation of elastic stresses at dislocations. in cars. Measures are proposed, including thermostating of the sensitive elements of microelectromechanical structures, which will increase their service life.

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Ahmed, Muhammad, Rojan Bhattarai, Sheikh Jakir Hossain, Sherif Abdelrazek, and Sukumar Kamalasadan. "Coordinated Voltage Control Strategy for Voltage Regulators and Voltage Source Converters Integrated Distribution System." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 55, no. 4 (July 2019): 4235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2019.2902524.

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Akkouchi, K., L. Rahmani, and R. Lebied. "New application of artificial neural network-based direct power control for permanent magnet synchronous generator." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 6 (December 3, 2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2021.6.03.

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Purpose. This article proposes a new strategy for Direct Power Control (DPC) based on the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN-DPC). The proposed ANN-DPC scheme is based on the replacement of PI and hysteresis regulators by neural regulators. Simulation results for a 1 kW system are provided to demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed control strategy during variations in active and reactive power and in DC bus voltage. Methodology. Our strategy is based on direct control of instant active and reactive powers. The voltage regulator and hysteresis are replaced by more efficient and robust artificial neuron networks. The proposed control technique strategy is validated using MATLAB / Simulink software to analysis the working performances. Results. The results obtained clearly show that neuronal regulators have good dynamic performances compared to conventional regulators (minimum response time, without overshoots). Originality. Regulation of continuous bus voltage and sinusoidal currents on the network side by using artificial neuron networks. Practical value. The work concerns the comparative study and the application of DPC based on ANN techniques to achieve a good performance control system of the permanent magnet synchronous generator. This article presents a comparative study between the conventional DPC control and the ANN-DPC control. The first strategy based on the use of a PI controller for the control of the continuous bus voltage and hysteresis regulators for the instantaneous powers control. In the second technique, the PI and hysteresis regulators are replaced by more efficient neuronal controllers more robust for the system parameters variation. The study is validated by the simulation results based on MATLAB / Simulink software.

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Shangyang Xiao, Weihong Qiu, G. Miller, T. X. Wu, and I. Batarseh. "An Active Compensator Scheme for Dynamic Voltage Scaling of Voltage Regulators." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 24, no. 1 (January 2009): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2008.2005773.

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Guruprasad. "Comparative analysis of PMOS and NMOS based linear regulators with similar power profiles." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 3 (May 8, 2024): 1500–1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.3556.

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In his article, a comparative analysis of PMOS and NMOS based linear voltage regulators is presented. An output power of 18 mW is considered in the both cases. In PMOS based regulator, the output voltage is 1.6 V and output current is 11.25 mA, whereas in NMOS, they are 1 V and 18 mA respectively. Firstly, a conventional linear regulator is designed with PMOS as pass element and its stability and various performance parameters are analyzed. SPICE simulation is carried out to measure parameters and they are tabulated for the comparison. Similarly, another linear regulator is designed where pass element is a NMOS transistor. After the analysis of stability and performance parameters, SPICE simulation is conducted. The performance parameters of both regulators are compared and it is found that NMOS regulator exhibits better performance but low dropout feature of PMOS regulator makes it suitable for low power applications

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Guruprasad. "Comparative Analysis of PMOS and NMOS based Linear Regulators with Similar Power Profiles." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 5s (May 1, 2024): 2850–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.3195.

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In his article, a comparative analysis of PMOS and NMOS based linear voltage regulators is presented. An output power of 18 mW is considered in the both cases. In PMOS based regulator, the output voltage is 1.6 V and output current is 11.25 mA, whereas in NMOS, they are 1 V and 18 mA respectively. Firstly, a conventional linear regulator is designed with PMOS as pass element and its stability and various performance parameters are analyzed. SPICE simulation is carried out to measure parameters and they are tabulated for the comparison. Similarly, another linear regulator is designed where pass element is a NMOS transistor. After the analysis of stability and performance parameters, SPICE simulation is conducted. The performance parameters of both regulators are compared and it is found that NMOS regulator exhibits better performance but low dropout feature of PMOS regulator makes it suitable for low power applications.

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Romashko, V. Y., L. M. Batrak, and O. O. Abakumova. "Obtaining the maximum power from the source using step-up and step-down type pulse regulators that work on battery." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 3 (April 28, 2024): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2024.3.06.

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Introduction. Pulse regulators are widely used to match the output resistance of the source with the load resistance in order to ensure the possibility of taking maximum power when the value of the load resistance changes. Problem. In the case of using non-traditional and renewable sources of electrical energy, for a more uniform supply of energy to the load, a battery is often connected to the output of the pulse regulator, which works in buffer mode. In such cases, the load for the pulse regulator will be the battery itself, and the role of the source load will be performed by the input resistance of the regulator. To ensure the mode of operation of the pulse regulator, in which the maximum power will be transmitted from the source to the load, it is necessary to know the regulating characteristics of the regulator. There are works that analyze the regulating characteristics of step-up and step-down pulse regulators, which are used to match the load with the output resistance of the source. At the same time, for the same purpose, pulse regulators of the step-up and step-down type can be used. Goal. The purpose of the work is to analyze the features of the operation of step-up and step-down type pulse regulators in the mode of maximum power transmission from the source to the battery, as well as to determine the conditions under which it is possible and appropriate to use such regulators for the specified purpose. Methodology. The regulating characteristics of step-up and step-down type pulse regulators with sequential and parallel switching on of the controlled key were determined and analyzed, taking into account the presence of a battery at their output. Results. It is shown that the transfer of energy from the source to the battery is possible only under certain modes of operation of the regulator, which depend on the type of regulator, as well as the amount of voltage on the battery. The conditions under which it is possible to draw the maximum power from the source are determined. Originality. Since the output resistance of the source and the load resistance are of the same order in the maximum power selection mode, the internal resistance of the power source was taken into account when determining the regulating characteristics of the regulators. Practical value. The obtained results made it possible to formulate practical recommendations for a justified choice of the regulator’s operating modes, depending on its type and the value of voltage on the battery. References 15, tables 1, figures 4.

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Astashev, M. G., K. A. Lunin, D. I. Panfilov, M. I. Petrov, and P. A. Rashitov. "Semiconductor Voltage Regulators-Stabilizers for Distribution Networks." Power Technology and Engineering 55, no. 2 (July 2021): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10749-021-01357-5.

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33

Terry, William W. "Solid-State Replacement for Electromechanical Voltage Regulators." IEEE Power Engineering Review PER-5, no. 1 (January 1985): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1985.5528548.

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Harlow, J. H., and C. J. LaPlace. "A Microcomputer Control for Step-Voltage Regulators." IEEE Power Engineering Review PER-5, no. 3 (March 1985): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1985.5528760.

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35

Law, K. T., D. J. Hill, and N. R. Godfrey. "Design of Robust Power System Voltage Regulators." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 26, no. 2 (July 1993): 769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)48573-9.

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36

Ziemelis, Imants, Arnolds Šķēle, Henriks Putāns, Uldis Iljins, and Aldis Putāns. "VOLTAGE REGULATORS FOR LOCAL HEATING OF PIGLETS." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 2001): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2001vol1.1967.

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The optimum air temperature in a pigsty for sows is 16-18 °C, but during the first days o f new born piglets life the temperature in their lairs ought to be 32...34 °C. Therefore the local warming for piglets is installed. The goal of the investigation was to measure the intensity o f heat irradiation under different kinds o f infra-red heaters, more often used on Latvia farms. An autonomous infra-red piglet warming systems have been developed. The experiment has showed, that during the first days o f piglets life the heater should be kept at the high, so that the irradiated area 0.3- 0.4 m2 has been. Gradually heaters have to be lifted up 3-4 times while.the warming area is 0.6-0.7 m2 in 40-45 days, when piglets are weaned. The temperature in a lair has to be regulated by change o f electric power of the heater. Several constructions of voltage regulators are worked out, which are able to ensure the temperature on the warmed surface automatically or manually, depending on the temperature in a pigsty and live mass of piglets. The automatic power regulation of the heaters decreases the consumption of electric energy more than 2 times.

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37

Terry, William. "Solid-State Replacement for Electromechanical Voltage Regulators." IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems PAS-104, no. 1 (January 1985): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpas.1985.318875.

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38

Harlow, J., and C. LaPlace. "A Microcomputer Control for Step-Voltage Regulators." IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems PAS-104, no. 3 (March 1985): 620–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpas.1985.318979.

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39

O.V., Grigorash, Oskin S.V., and Denisenko E.A. "Voltage Regulators for Small wind Power Plants." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 7 (July 21, 2023): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2023-7-39-43.

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Structural and schematic solutions of voltage stabilizers for alternating current and direct current generators of wind power plants, made using direct frequency converters, an intermediate link of increased frequency and a transformer with a rotating magnetic field, are proposed. Their advantages and disadvantages are revealed. To improve energy efficiency and reliability of power supply to autonomous consumers, a block diagram of a combined autonomous power supply system is proposed.

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40

ELNADY, A. "AN EFFICIENT CURRENT REGULATOR FOR MULTILEVEL VOLTAGE SOURCE CONVERTER BASED ON A SIMPLE ANALOG CONTROL CIRCUIT." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 22, no. 04 (April 2013): 1350023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126613500230.

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This paper presents an innovative driver circuit for a new current regulator of the multilevel inverters. The proposed regulator has a PI controller to guarantee the optimum tracking for the reference current. This proposed regulator has the advantage of integration between the PI controller and the multicarrier switching operation. This regulator fits the operation of multilevel and cascaded converters. The suggested current regulator is compared with several existing current regulators of the multilevel and cascaded converters. The performance of the proposed regulator is verified using simulation results in comparison with the performance of the common existing current regulators for the multilevel inverter. Moreover, this paper shows the performance of the new regulator in power system applications.

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Benamrane, Karima, Thameur Abdelkrim, Benlahbib Benlahbib, Noureddine Bouarroudj, Abdelhalim Borni, Abdelkader Lakhdari, and Ahmed Bahri. "New Optimized Control of Cascaded Multilevel Converters for Grid Tied Photovoltaic Power Generation." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540512.

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This paper proposes a new optimized control of photovoltaic two stages conversion cascade composed by Three Levels Boost (TLB) and Three Levels Neutral Point Clamped (TLNPC) inverter. In order to extract the maximum power from photovoltaic generator and get a balanced DC bus voltage, the duty cycles of the two TLB switches are determinate from a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for the first switch and by adding to the first duty cycle an additional duty cycle obtained by integration of the error between the two capacitors voltages of DC bus. Balancing the bus voltages by the TLB using a single regulator avoid us to use a complex balancing algorithm by the redundant vectors of TLNPC inverter. For the control of the inverter, we used a Proportional Integral (PI) regulator optimized by PSO. This command allows us to have on one side a constant DC bus voltage and a current injection in phase with the grid voltage. To have an efficient follow-up of the TLNPC inverter reference voltages, the Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) is applied. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. The results obtained from the application of the FLC command associated with PI PSO are better compared to the simulation without optimization in terms of sum of the absolute values of the errors at the inputs of the three PI regulators.

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Yakovlev, Igor, Ivan Zhuravlev, Andrey Bannov, Denis Khmelyuk, and Dmitry Kuzenev. "Mathematical model of operation of an induction motor with a soft-start device based on an alternating voltage regulator." Energy Systems 7, no. 4 (December 20, 2022): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/es.2022.4.006.

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Induction motors are firmly entrenched in modern industry due to the unpretentiousness of operating conditions and relative low cost. Induction motors have a number of problems, one of which is high starting currents, which exceeds the nominal by 6-8 times and leads to false alarms of the automatic protection and to reduction of induction motor life. This problem is solved by installing soft-start devices in the electric circuit. The principle of operation of such devices is based on regulating the voltage supplied to the stator windings of the induction motor from 0 to the nominal value of the mains voltage. One of the possible ways to build voltage regulators is a transformer with a variable transformation coefficient. Soft-start devices, based on such an alternating voltage regulator, when regulating the voltage applied to the stator windings, allow to smoothly increase the stator current. This article presents the results of a study of the operation of an induction motor loaded on a nonlinear load, which is an induction motor, using a soft-start device based on variable voltage regulators. The principle of operation of soft-start devices based on voltage regulators is described, the main parameters and analytical dependencies of such devices are presented. A mathematical model of the operation of an induction motor with a soft-start device loaded on an induction motor is compiled. Electromagnetic processes in the environment of Matlab Simulink simulation are investigated. A comparative analysis of an induction motor operation with soft-start devices is carried out.

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43

Khan, Danial, Muhammad Basim, Qurat ul Ain, Syed Adil Ali Shah, Khuram Shehzad, Deeksha Verma, and Kang-Yoon Lee. "Design of a Power Regulated Circuit with Multiple LDOs for SoC Applications." Electronics 11, no. 17 (September 3, 2022): 2774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11172774.

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In this paper, a power regulated circuit (PRC) is proposed for system-on-a-chip (SoC) applications. The proposed PRC is composed of a limiter, a bandgap reference (BGR), three low-dropout regulators (LDOs), and a bias generator. A high output voltage of an active rectifier is given to the limiter, which limits it to a desired supply voltage for circuits in PRC. The curvature-compensated BGR robust to process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations are designed to provide a stable reference voltage for three LDOs. The three LDOs are implemented to generate regulated output dc voltages. The proposed PRC is designed and fabricated in 130 nm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) technology with die area of 1.9 mm × 0.860 mm, including pads. The measurement results show that the limiter limits the input voltage of (6 V to 20 V) to 5.3 V. The BGR produces a stable reference voltage of 1.24 V with a power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of −58.6 dB and −51.9 dB at 10 Hz and 1 kHz, respectively. The LDO_5V, LDO_3V, and LDO_1.5V generate regulated output dc voltages of 5 V, 3 V, and 1.5 V, respectively, with dc load regulations of 0.43 mV/mA, 0.70 mV/mA, and 0.28 mV/mA while delivering load currents of 300 mA, 100 mA, and 100 mA, respectively.

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Nawaz, Gareeb, and Chhagan Charan. "The Design of An LDO Regulator." ITM Web of Conferences 54 (2023): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20235402010.

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In today’s modern systems on chip (SOCs), a crucial power management circuit is the low-dropout (LDO) regulator. Of course, the need for supply voltage regulation, goes back many years in the past since the circuits have been designed. Today, LDO based voltage regulators are frequently used in a number of mixed-signal systems to produce local supply voltages that feed different building blocks. LDOs try to isolate the noise of the circuit and noise from the global supply and try to reduce their effect on device performance. For the state of desired achievement, each LDO’s architecture is circuited to the specific cell it feeds. An LDO designed to feed a flash analog-to-digital converter, for instance, differs greatly from one designed to input a VCO. In this paper, we direct an LDO for a VCO of 5-GHz LC and point the particulars of 1.2 V as input voltage, produces 1V as output voltage, 5 mA of maximum output current, power supply rejection greater than 40 dB up to 10 MHz and noise voltage present at output that is less than 25nV/√Hz at 1 MHz.

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Huang, Xiao Zong, Lun Cai Liu, Wen Gang Huang, Jun Luo, and Dong Mei Zhu. "An Integrated Ramp Generator for PWM Voltage Regulators." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3682.

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An integrated ramp generator is presented in this paper. For traditional implementations, the amplitude clamp is realized with zener diode to limit the output voltage to ±VZ, while the zener diode is not available for standard CMOS process. The transmission gate is utilized to make the output voltage in the determined range. The reference voltage is provided by a bandgap voltage reference with temperature compensation, which guarantees the temperature stabilization of the frequency of the ramp generator. The ramp generator was fabricated in a commercial CMOS process. The frequency of 44kHz is achieved under the power supply of 3.5V, and the frequency variation of 41kH to 46kHz with the power supply of 3.3V to 5V.

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Vanka, Dega Rajaji, and K. Chandra Sekhar. "Power applications for fuel-cell using switching regulators." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 15, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp71-79.

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Generally the switch mode power supply input voltage source is constant or shows insignificant little varieties.in any case, when fuel call used input source the last assumption is not valid. A fuel cell stack is give a details of low and not controlled DC output voltage, moreover, when the demanded current increases the output voltage becomes low in a nonlinear form; from now on, suitable controller is required to taken the previously mentioned issues. In this article, a normal current-mode controller is planned to using a joined model for an energy unit stack and a boost converter; besides, the resolving control method increasing the system stability and output voltage regulation.. The proposed energy system utilizes an energy component power (polymer electrolyte film fuel cell) and a boost converter passing on power of 900 W. the proposed controller execution for output voltage regulation by means of closed loop gain estimations and step load changes. What's more, a correlation amongst open-and closed- loop estimations is made, where the controller robustness is tried for vast load varieties and fuel cell stack output voltage changes are shows on simulation results.

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Lee, Hyun-ok, Dae-Jin Kim, Chun-Sung Kim, and Byungki Kim. "Optimal Voltage Control Method for a Step Voltage Regulator Considering the Under-Load Tap Changer in a Distribution System Interconnected with a Renewable Energy Source." Energies 16, no. 16 (August 17, 2023): 6039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16166039.

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The voltage in distribution systems is controlled by the under-load tap changer of the substation and the pole transformer of the primary feeders. Recently, as one of the main countermeasures, a step voltage regulator is being introduced to solve voltage problems such as overvoltage phenomena in a distribution feeder interconnected with a renewable energy source and under voltage in a long-distance feeder. However, the tap of the step voltage regulator may be frequently operated due to its interdependent relationship with the under-load tap changer in the distribution system. Furthermore, given the existing operating characteristics of the step voltage regulator, it is difficult to perfectly maintain the customer voltage within an allowable limit using existing methods such as the line drop compensation method for a step voltage regulator. In addition, the existing line drop compensation method, considering the distributed generators, may be not able to control the proper voltage within an allowable limit. Therefore, in order to solve such voltage problems, this paper proposes a voltage control method for a step voltage regulator by considering the output voltage of an under-load tap changer that is operated via the line drop compensation method. In other words, to overcome the limitations of existing voltage control methods for step voltage regulators, this paper proposes an optimal control method to determine the optimal compensation rate for a step voltage regulator by considering the reverse power flow from a renewable energy source and the output voltage of the under-load tap changer of the main transformer.

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Tap-Beteille, Helene, and Marc Lescure. "A SERIES VOLTAGE REGULATOR INTEGRATED IN CMOS TECHNOLOGY." SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 7, no. 4 (2021): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2021-7-4-21-25.

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Since the regulation of voltage supply is one of the most critical requirement of the electronic system design, the monolithic voltage regulator has become one of the most important building block of both analog and digital systems. This importance has been recently increased with the emergent low voltage technologies, encouraging industrials and researchers to work on new regulator structures. The voltage regulator presented here, has been first calculated and simulated through PSpice. The paper deals with the conception of a series voltage regulator integrated in 0.6Âµm CMOS technology. This type of regulators has become one of the most important building block of both analog and digital systems. It is constituted by a bandgap voltage reference and an error amplifier associated with a ballast element. The circuit obtained is unconditionally stable with good performances: a power-supply-rejection-ratio < 2%, an output resistance < 0.3 W and a temperature coefficient < 10 ppm. It is integrated on an ASIC for on board applications where low volume and low power consumption are key elements.

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ECHAVARRÍA, R., V. SÁNCHEZ, M. PONCE, M. COTOROGEA, and A. CLAUDIO. "ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A QUASI-RESONANT FAST ON-LOAD TAP CHANGING REGULATOR." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 13, no. 04 (August 2004): 877–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126604001738.

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The main function of the on-load tap changing (OLTC) regulators consists of maintaining a constant voltage in order to feed critical loads despite the load changes or voltage changes in the ac mains. The traditional regulators are still used nowadays, but they present several disadvantages, like a slow response, which reaches from 100 ms to several seconds. These drawbacks can be overcome if the OLTC regulators would have shorter response time, commuting several times every cycle of the mains. There are two basic topologies for fast OLTC regulators. The first one consists of several taps and uses hard switching. The second one consists of two main switches commuting at high frequency, using soft-switching in order to reduce the power losses. The present topology is of the second type. This paper presents a mathematical model of the power stage of the proposed regulator. The model includes the parasitic resistances and the leakage inductances in order to obtain a better comprehension of the regulator operation. A parametric analysis has been done in order to observe the influence of the parasitic elements in the performance of the main parameters of the topology. The model is verified by experimental results obtained using a 500-W prototype.

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Aminzadeh, Hamed, Mohammad R. Nabavi, and Wouter A. Serdijn. "Low-Dropout Voltage Source: An Alternative Approach for Low-Dropout Voltage Regulators." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 61, no. 6 (June 2014): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2014.2319952.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Voltage regulators'

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