Academic literature on the topic 'Voltage sensing domain'
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Journal articles on the topic "Voltage sensing domain"
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Sakata, Souhei, Makoto Matsuda, Akira Kawanabe, and Yasushi Okamura. "Domain-to-domain coupling in voltage-sensing phosphatase." Biophysics and Physicobiology 14 (2017): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophysico.14.0_85.
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Villalba-Galea, Carlos A. "Ph Sensitivity of Voltage Sensing Domain Relaxation." Biophysical Journal 106, no. 2 (January 2014): 745a—746a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.4106.
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Rayaprolu, Vamseedhar, Perrine Royal, Karen Stengel, Guillaume Sandoz, and Susy C. Kohout. "Dimerization of the voltage-sensing phosphatase controls its voltage-sensing and catalytic activity." Journal of General Physiology 150, no. 5 (April 25, 2018): 683–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201812064.
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Multimerization is a key characteristic of most voltage-sensing proteins. The main exception was thought to be the Ciona intestinalis voltage-sensing phosphatase (Ci-VSP). In this study, we show that multimerization is also critical for Ci-VSP function. Using coimmunoprecipitation and single-molecule pull-down, we find that Ci-VSP stoichiometry is flexible. It exists as both monomers and dimers, with dimers favored at higher concentrations. We show strong dimerization via the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) and weak dimerization via the phosphatase domain. Using voltage-clamp fluorometry, we also find that VSDs cooperate to lower the voltage dependence of activation, thus favoring the activation of Ci-VSP. Finally, using activity assays, we find that dimerization alters Ci-VSP substrate specificity such that only dimeric Ci-VSP is able to dephosphorylate the 3-phosphate from PI(3,4,5)P3 or PI(3,4)P2. Our results indicate that dimerization plays a significant role in Ci-VSP function.
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Okamura, Yasushi, and Jack E. Dixon. "Voltage-Sensing Phosphatase: Its Molecular Relationship With PTEN." Physiology 26, no. 1 (February 2011): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00035.2010.
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Voltage-sensing phosphoinositide phosphatase (VSP) contains voltage sensor and cytoplasmic phosphatase domains. A unique feature of this protein is that depolarization-induced motions of the voltage sensor activate PtdIns(3,4,5)P3and PtdIns(4,5)P2phosphatase activities. VSP exhibits remarkable structural similarities with PTEN, the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10. These similarities include the cytoplasmic phosphatase region, the phosphoinositide binding region, and the putative membrane interacting C2 domain.
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Gagnon, Dominique G., and Francisco Bezanilla. "The contribution of individual subunits to the coupling of the voltage sensor to pore opening in Shaker K channels: effect of ILT mutations in heterotetramers." Journal of General Physiology 136, no. 5 (October 25, 2010): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201010487.
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Voltage-gated ion channels couple conformational change(s) of the voltage-sensing domain to those of the opening of an intracellular gate to allow ionic conduction. Much larger positive potentials are required to couple these conformational changes to the opening of the gate of Shaker K+ channels with the concurrent mutations V369I, I372L, and S376T (ILT) at the N-terminal end of the S4 segment. We used cut-open oocyte voltage clamp to study the biophysical and thermodynamical properties of heterotetrameric concatemerized channels with different stoichiometries of ILT mutations. The voltage-sensing domains of ILT mutant channels require smaller depolarization to activate but their intracellular gate does not immediately follow the movement of the voltage-sensing domain, requiring larger depolarization to open. Our results demonstrate that each subunit contributes equally to the rightward shift of the conductance–voltage relationship and that a single ILT-containing subunit is sufficient to induce a large enthalpic and entropic barrier, limiting opening of the intracellular gate.
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Castillo, Karen, Amaury Pupo, David Baez-Nieto, Gustavo F. Contreras, Francisco J. Morera, Alan Neely, Ramon Latorre, and Carlos Gonzalez. "Voltage-gated proton (Hv 1) channels, a singular voltage sensing domain." FEBS Letters 589, no. 22 (August 18, 2015): 3471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2015.08.003.
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Bertz, Morten, and Kazuhiko Kinosita. "3PT166 Controlling an ion channel's voltage sensing domain without voltage(The 50th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan)." Seibutsu Butsuri 52, supplement (2012): S169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.52.s169_5.
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Fox, W. Everett, and Carlos A. Villalba-Galea. "S3-S4 Loop Modulates Voltage Sensing Domain Relaxation." Biophysical Journal 104, no. 2 (January 2013): 466a—467a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.2579.
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Van Horn, Wade D., Parthasarathi Rath, and Nicholas Sisco. "Biophysical Characterization of the TRPM8 Voltage-Sensing Domain." Biophysical Journal 106, no. 2 (January 2014): 756a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.4160.
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Zhao, Juan, and Rikard Blunck. "Mode Shift of Shaker Isolated-Voltage Sensing Domain." Biophysical Journal 114, no. 3 (February 2018): 546a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.2982.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Voltage sensing domain"
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Neale, Edward James. "Interactions between the voltage-sensing and pore domains of the Shaker potassium channel." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414493.
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Faure, Elise. "Étude structurale et fonctionnelle du canal potassium dépendant du voltage KvAP." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12752.
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Les canaux ioniques dépendants du voltage sont responsables de l'initiation et de la propagation des potentiels d'action dans les cellules excitables. De nombreuses maladies héréditaires (channelopathies) sont associées à un contrôle défectueux du voltage par ces canaux (arythmies, épilepsie, etc.). L’établissement de la relation structure-fonction exacte de ces canaux est donc crucial pour le développement de nouveaux agents thérapeutiques spécifiques. Dans ce contexte, le canal procaryote dépendant du voltage et sélectif au potassium KvAP a servi de modèle d’étude afin d’approfondir i) le processus du couplage électromécanique, ii) l’influence des lipides sur l’activité voltage-dépendante et iii) l’inactivation de type closed-state.
Afin de pallier à l’absence de données structurales dynamiques du côté cytosolique ainsi que de structure cristalline dans l’état fermé, nous avons mesuré le mouvement du linker S4-S5 durant le gating par spectroscopie de fluorescence (LRET). Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé une technique novatrice du contrôle de l’état conformationnel du canal en utilisant les lipides (phospholipides et non phospholipides) au lieu du voltage. Un modèle dans l’état fermé a ainsi été produit et a démontré qu’un mouvement latéral modeste de 4 Å du linker S4-S5 est suffisant pour mener à la fermeture du pore de conduction.
Les interactions lipides - canaux jouent un rôle déterminant dans la régulation de la fonction des canaux ioniques mais ne sont pas encore bien caractérisées. Nous avons donc également étudié l’influence de différents lipides sur l’activation voltage - dépendante de KvAP et mis en évidence deux sites distincts d’interactions menant à des effets différents : au niveau du senseur de voltage, menant au déplacement de la courbe conductance-voltage, et du côté intracellulaire, influençant le degré de la pente de cette même courbe. Nous avons également démontré que l’échange de lipides autour de KvAP est extrêmement limité et affiche une dépendance à l’état conformationnel du canal, ne se produisant que dans l’état ouvert.
KvAP possède une inactivation lente particulière, accessible depuis l'état ouvert. Nous avons étudié les effets de la composition lipidique et de la température sur l'entrée dans l'état inactivé et le temps de récupération. Nous avons également utilisé la spectroscopie de fluorescence (quenching) en voltage imposé afin d'élucider les bases moléculaires de l’inactivation de type closed-state. Nous avons identifié une position à la base de l’hélice S4 qui semble impliquée à la fois dans le mécanisme responsable de ce type d'inactivation et dans la récupération particulièrement lente qui est typique du canal KvAP.Voltage-gated ion channels are responsible for the initiation and propagation of action potentials in excitable cells. Several hereditary diseases (channelopathies) are associated with a defective voltage control by these channels, leading to arrhythmias, epilepsy, etc. Hence, establishing the exact structure/function relation for ion channels is crucial for the development of new specific therapeutic agents. Here, the bacterial voltage-gated potassium channel KvAP served as a model to study i) electromechanical coupling, ii) influence of lipids on the voltage dependent activity and iii) closed-state inactivation. To overcome the lack of structural information on the cytosolic side and of crystal structure in the closed state, we determined the S4-S5 linker movement during gating using fluorescence spectroscopy (LRET). We were able to control the conformational state of the channels by using lipids (phospholipids and non phospholipids) instead of voltage clamp. Based on these experimental constraints, a model in the closed state was produced, showing that a small 4Å radial displacement of the S4-S5 linker is sufficient to close the conduction pore. Interactions between lipids and membrane proteins play an important role in the regulation of ion channels activity but are not well characterized. We studied the influence of different lipids on KvAP voltage-dependent activation and showed two distinct effects related to different interactions sites: one bound to the voltage sensor, leading to a shift of the conductance-voltage curve, and another at the intracellular side near the pore region, affecting the steepness of this curve. We also showed that the exchange of lipids is very limited around KvAP and seems to be state dependent, occuring only when the channels are kept in the open state. KvAP has a slow inactivation atypical, accessible from the open state. We studied the effects of lipid composition and temperature on entry into inactivation and recovery. We also used voltage-clamp fluorometry in bilayers to investigate closed-state inactivation molecular basis. We identified a position at the bottom of the S4 helix that seems involved in the mechanism for slow inactivation and the extremely slow recovery from inactivation typically displayed by KvAP.
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Steccanella, Federica. "The relevance of L-type calcium channel gating properties to cardiac arrhythmia and differential modulation of L-type CaV channels by the α2δ-1 auxiliary subunit." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/998380.
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L-type voltage-dependent calcium (Ca2+) channels (CaV1.2) initiate cardiac excitation-contraction coupling producing a rapid Ca2+ current (peak ICa,L) that triggers Ca2+ release from the intracellular stores, and a persistent current (late ICa,L) that flows towards the end of the action potential (AP). Peak and late ICa,L shape the plateau phase of the AP, counterbalancing potassium currents. An exaggerated activation of the late ICa,L during AP repolarization can cause transient membrane potential depolarizations called Early Afterdepolarizations (EADs), that can trigger lethal arrhythmias. Therefore, CaV1.2 channels represent a highly promising therapeutic target to abolish EADs. Current anti-arrhythmic drugs that operate on CaV channels (Class IV antiarrhythmics) reduce peak ICa,L, causing a negative inotropic effect. Based on the discovery that a small reduction of the late ICa,L can potently suppress EAD occurrence, we hypothesized that drugs selectively targeting this late component should efficiently suppress EADs preserving contractility. To test this hypothesis, we used roscovitine, a purine analog that reduces the late (non-inactivating) ICa,L over “peak”, accelerating the voltage-dependent inactivation of CaV1.2 channels. We proved that decrease of late ICa,L by roscovitine, verified both in native and cloned CaV1.2 channels, abolished EADs in rabbit ventricular myocytes preserving contraction efficiency. Moreover, this reduction suppressed and prevented EAD-mediated ventricular fibrillation in rabbit and rat hearts. In both isolated myocyte and heart experiments, the effect was independent from the mechanism chosen to induce EADs (hypokalemia and/or oxidative stress). These results suggest that 1) limiting anomalous Ca2+ channels action during the plateau phase is an effective and safe antiarrhythmic strategy and that 2) roscovitine can be considered as a potential pilot compound for a new class of antiarrhythmics that likely would not compromise heart contractility. Cav1.2 channels derive their voltage dependence properties from the structural asset of the α1 pore-forming subunit which comprises 4 positively charged modules, called voltage-sensing domains (VSD I-IV), that undergo a conformational change upon membrane depolarization, opening the channel. The voltage-dependent properties of these four VSDs are modulated by several auxiliary subunits (such as α2δ and β) interacting with the α1 subunit. Specifically, α2δ subunit, by remodelling the voltage-dependent properties of 3 out of 4 cardiac VSDs, allows CaV1.2 channels to operate at physiological membrane potentials producing the typical fast-activating current. Interestingly, the same auxiliary subunit produces opposite effects on the close relative CaV1.1 channels which regulate the excitation-contraction coupling in the skeletal muscle. Here, the α2δ subunit slows down CaV1.1 activation kinetics and leaves almost unperturbed the voltage-dependent activation of the pore. The molecular mechanism by which the α2δ subunit differently modulates CaV1.1 channels compared to CaV1.2 isoform is still unknown. To gain a mechanistic insight, we expressed in Xenopus oocytes CaV1.1 channels (α1S and the auxiliary subunit β1a) with or without α2δ. Using the voltage clamp fluorometry technique, we tracked the voltage-dependent conformational rearrangement of each VSD in conducting channels to derive pore and VSD voltage-dependent relationships. Analogously to CaV1.2, each CaV1.1 VSD had unique biophysical properties that might reveal different functional roles. The presence of α2δ remodelled only VSD I voltage-dependent properties, shifting its activation ~ 20 mV to more negative membrane potentials, may accounting for the ~ 10 mV-hyperpolarizing shift of pore opening observed with the accessory subunit. As opposite to CaV1.2, α2δ slowed down CaV1.1 activation kinetics and accelerated the rate of channel closure, contributing to reduce Ca2+ influx during depolarization.
Conference papers on the topic "Voltage sensing domain"
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Qin, W., M. Zhang, Y. Li, C. Xu, Y. Wang, and G. Ma. "Distributed temperature sensing for ultra-high voltage GIL spacer based on improved optical frequency domain reflectometer." In 22nd International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering (ISH 2021). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0145.
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Ryu, Keunchul, Incheol Nam, Jinseon Kim, Daesun Kim, Hongsun Hwang, Taeyoung Oh, Jonghoon Kim, and Seongjin Jang. "Soft Single-Bit Failure on Power Fluctuation by Concurrent Operation." In ISTFA 2018. ASM International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2018p0138.
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Abstract Reduced noise immunity due to dimensional shrinkage, lower operational voltages and increasing densities results in increased soft or random failures. In practice, noises are generated by complex operation of device. In Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), failures by noise are regarded as either decrease in charge at cell capacitor or increase in systematic interferences. Simple equivalent circuit of One Transistor One Capacitor (1T1C) DRAM and theoretical approach in time-domain are provided for quantitative noise analysis related to sense amplifier circuitries. Results show that local voltage fluctuation reduces sensing margin to judge data-0 or data-1. This phenomenon is easily observed at 1T1C with high resistance because response of voltage generator is comparatively slow.
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Konka, Hari Prasad, M. A. Wahab, and Kun Lian. "Sensing and Acutuation of Composite Piezoelectric Materials for Smart Joint Applications." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12803.
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Piezoelectric materials have the ability to provide desired transformation from mechanical to electrical energy and vice versa. When a mechanical force is applied to the piezoelectric material an electrical voltage is generated and when an electrical voltage is applied to the piezoelectric material it gets strained or mechanically deformed. Owing to these characteristics piezoelectric materials can be used as a sensor, an actuator, as well as a power generation unit. The high brittleness property of the original piezoelectric material is one of the major constraints in using them in engineering applications. In order to overcome this difficulty the composite piezoelectric materials were developed. The piezoelectric fiber material is flexible and can sustain large deformation without being damaged, and is compatible with the composite structures processing procedure; which makes it an ideal material to be used as an embedded sensor, power harvesting device, and a force actuator within the composite structures. The smart joint can be designed to have the piezoelectric materials embedded in them, wherein the piezoelectric materials can detect the various loads that act on the composite joint and could provide the required counter-balancing force to the externally applied input excitation forces acting on the joint; and thereby could reduce or even eliminate the effects of stress concentrations at the composite joint. High stress concentrations are one of the principal causes of structural failures as it may cause unexpected high stresses exceeding stress level caused by design loads. In this work our main objectives are to study the sensing and force generation capabilities of various commercially available composite piezoelectric configurations through series of experimentations; and to compare their performances in order to use them in the smart joint applications; and eventually, to reduce the detrimental effects of stress concentrations in the structures. Firstly, the sensing capabilities of these piezoelectric materials were investigated at various input frequencies and amplitudes of the vibration loads. Secondly, the tensile and bending force generation capabilities of these piezoelectric materials were inspected with respect to various input excitation voltages. The results of these experiments confirm that the voltage signals generated from these materials are proportional to the amplitudes of mechanical movement, with good response to high frequencies, even at micrometer deformation domain; but the force generation is relatively low under the input conditions investigated.
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Roumeliotis, Georgios G., Jan Desmet, Sean Ameele, and Jos Knockaert. "DISTRIBUTED PROPERTIES OF MULTI-CONDUCTOR LOW VOLTAGE CABLES AT 2–500 kHz: NETWORK ANALYSIS BY FOUR-TERMINAL SENSING, TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY AND IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS." In CIRED 2021 - The 26th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.2038.
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Nelson, Isaac, Constantin Ciocanel, Doug LaMaster, and Heidi Feigenbaum. "The Impact of Boundary Conditions on the Response of NiMnGa Samples in Actuation and Power Harvesting Applications." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3234.
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Magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) are materials that can display up to 10% recoverable strain in response to the application of a magnetic field or compressive mechanical stress. The magnetomechanical response of the material makes MSMAs suitable for applications such as actuation, sensing, and power harvesting. While the magnetomechanical response of the material has been extensively investigated to date, there is no report in the literature on the effect of the boundary conditions (BCs) on its response. The response of MSMAs is primarily driven by the reorientation of internal martensite variants, in conjunction with rotation of magnetization vectors, and domain wall motion. During the reorientation process a change in material’s magnetization occurs. For sensing and power harvesting applications, a pick-up coil may be used to convert this change in magnetization into an electric potential/voltage. To date, it has been confirmed experimentally that, according to Faraday’s law of induction, the magnitude of the output voltage depends on the number of turns of the pick-up coil, the amplitude of the reorientation strain, the magnitude and direction of the biased magnetic field, and the frequency at which the reorientation occurs. However, to our knowledge, no study has been carried out to investigate the effect of the BCs on the voltage output. This paper examines the effect of the BCs on the material’s magnetomechanical response, as well as on the corresponding voltage output. Three BCs are considered in the performed experiments: i) simply supported, ii) clamped, and iii) mixed (i.e. one end clamped and one end guided). The difference observed in the magnetomechanical response of the material, between the tested BCs, is attributed to the local effects caused by the grips (particularly the clamped and mixed conditions) and by the rotation of the specimen within the grips (in the simply supported condition). The latter is facilitated by the difference between the cross section of the specimen and the cross section of the cavity receiving the sample and by the larger effective length of the specimen in this case.
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Wu, Tsun-Yen, and I. Charles Ume. "Measurement of Weld Dimensions of Butt Joint Welding in Thin Plates Using Superimposed Laser Sources." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38212.
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Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) is one of the primary techniques used to join thin structures together. The quality of the weld plays an important role in structure integrity and product safety. Weld dimensions in butt joint welding of thin plates such as penetration depth, bead width, and reinforcement height are key to the quality of welds. Therefore, it is very crucial to accurately measure them. In this paper, a system that uses laser generated Lamb waves and electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) reception is used to inspect welds. Lamb waves are widely used in structural integrity inspection and defect detection in thin structures because of their potentials to inspect large areas and their abilities to detect various kinds of defects. The use of lasers to generate Lamb waves is beneficial due to its noncontact nature. However, due to the fact that laser generated Lamb waves in thin structures are broadband and dispersive, the complexity of ultrasonic signals is greatly increased. A method named superimposed laser sources technique is applied to reduce the complexity of signals. By using superimposed laser sources, one would have the flexibility to generate a desired wavelength of Lamb waves. The advantage of generating narrowband Lamb waves with a fixed wavelength is that the dominant frequency contents and traveling speeds of different wave modes can be determined from the dispersion curves. A signal processing procedure that combines wavenumber-frequency domain filtering and continuous wavelet transform is also applied to further simplify received signals. Reflection of ultrasounds occurs due to the presence of weld joint and reflection coefficients of different Lamb wave modes and wavelengths can be measured and used to quantify weld dimensions. In addition, the effects of welding parameters such as contact tip to work distance (CTWD), welding speed, arc voltage, and wire feed rate on weld dimensions is investigated. The correlation between these reflection coefficients and weld dimensions is studied, and empirical regression models are developed as well. This research results in a new non-destructive and non-contact sensing technique for measuring important weld dimensions of butt joint welding in thin structures. It will help to improve the quality and efficiency of the GMAW process, and reduce material waste and associated costs.
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Lin, Yirong, and Henry A. Sodano. "Characterization of Multifunctional Structural Capacitors for Embedded Energy Storage." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1372.
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Multifunctional composites are a new class of materials that combine structural and other functionalities such as sensing, actuation, energy harvesting and vibration control in order to maximize structural performance while minimizing weight and complexity. Among all the multifunctional composites developed so far, piezoelectric composites have been widely studied due to the high coupling of energy between the electrical and mechanical domains and the inherently high dielectric constant. Several piezoelectric fiber composites (PFCs) have been developed for sensing and actuation applications; however, none of the previously studied composites fully embed all components of an energy storage device as load bearing members of the structure. Recently, Lin and Sodano [1] developed a novel multifunctional fiber that can be embedded in a composite material to perform sensing and actuation, in addition to providing load bearing functionality. The design was achieved by coating a common structural fiber, silicon carbide, with a barium titanate piezoelectric shell, and poling the active material radically by employing the structural fiber as one of the electrodes. The silicon carbide core fiber also carries external mechanical loading to protect the brittle barium titanate shell from fracture. The excellent piezoelectric and dielectric properties of the barium titanate material make the novel active structural fiber an outstanding candidate for converting and storing ambient mechanical energy into electrical energy to power other electric devices in the system. This paper focuses on the characterization of energy storage capability of the multifunctional fiber provided by the dielectric properties of the barium titanate shell. The capacitances of the multifunctional fibers with four different aspect ratios are tested and compared with the theoretical expressions for the cylindrical capacitor while the break-down voltages of the multifunctional fibers are tested according to ASTM standard (ASTM D 149-97a). The stored energy is calculated from the testing results and the best aspect ratio for energy storage application can be determined. The resulting capacitive fiber is shown to have an energy density approximately two orders of magnitude higher than structural capacitors in the literature.
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Zandigohar, Mehrdad, and Nima Lotfi. "An Investigation of Temperature Measurement Granularity Towards Improving Li-Ion Battery Management System Design." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11874.
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Abstract Li-ion batteries have gained increased popularity in the past few decades as the main source in various mobile and stationary energy storage applications. Battery management system design, especially fault diagnosis, however, is still a challenge regarding Li-ion batteries. Traditional Li-ion BMSs rely on measurements from current, voltage, and temperature sensors sparsely located throughout the battery pack. Such a BMS is not capable of predicting battery behavior under various operating conditions; moreover, it cannot account for internal discrepancies among battery cells, incipient faults, the distributed nature of battery parameters and states, and the propagation effects inside a battery pack. Although majority of these effects have already been observed and reported, they are either studied in electrochemistry laboratories using in-situ techniques and detailed theoretical analysis or in practical manufacturing settings by engineers and technicians, which are typically considered proprietary information. The aim of this paper is to bridge the gap between these two domains. In other words, a detailed electrochemical/thermal simulation of a Li-ion battery cell under healthy and faulty conditions is performed to provide a better understanding of the exact spatial requirements for an efficient and reliable thermal management system for Li-ion batteries. The results of this study are specifically of great importance for battery fault detection and identification, mainly due to the recent advancements in distributed sensing technologies such as fiber optics.
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Shahinpoor, Mohsen. "Electrically Controllable Deformations in Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Actuators." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39037.
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Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMC’s) exhibit spectacular coupling between electrical and mechanical domains. Sensing and actuation properties of these materials and the force and displacement characteristics have been investigated as a means of determining the electromechanical coupling coefficients of the material. An electric field applied across the thickness of the polymer causes electrophoretic ionic migration within the material. Electro-osmotic drag induces solvent migration in addition to the ion motion, and a stress is generated within the material causing the material to deform. This phenomenon is also reversible, making it possible to use ionic polymer materials as sensors, transducers and power generators. The salient feature of ionic polymeric materials, as compared to other electromechanical transducers such as piezoelectrics, is the large deformations that are achievable with low electric fields. Cantilever samples of ionic polymer material exhibit tip displacements on the order of their length with applied electric fields of the order of 10 volts per mm. Recent measurements of the motion of cantilever samples of ionic polymers have demonstrated a controllable, repeatable deformation in which the zero force position of the ionic polymer changes depending on the amplitude of the applied electric field. This effect appears to be controllable in the sense that the change in the zero force position of the polymer is a function of the amplitude of the applied electric field. It is also reversible to a degree because a step change in the voltage with the opposite polarity will change the shape of the ionic polymer strip back to a position that is close to the original position before cycling of the material. Thus, there is a potential to use this effect as a deformation memory mechanism within the polymer material. These observations and subsequent interpretations are reported in this presentation.
Reports on the topic "Voltage sensing domain"
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Wisniewski, Michael, Samir Droby, John Norelli, Dov Prusky, and Vera Hershkovitz. Genetic and transcriptomic analysis of postharvest decay resistance in Malus sieversii and the identification of pathogenicity effectors in Penicillium expansum. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597928.bard.
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Use of Lqh2 mutants (produced at TAU) and rNav1.2a mutants (produced at the US side) for identifying receptor site-3: Based on the fact that binding of scorpion alpha-toxins is voltage-dependent, which suggests toxin binding at the mobile voltage-sensing region, we analyzed which of the toxin bioactive domains (Core-domain or NC-domain) interacts with the DIV Gating-module of rNav1.2a. This analysis was based on the assumption that the dissociation of toxin mutants upon depolarization would vary from that of the unmodified toxin should the substitutions affect a site of interaction with the channel Gating-module. Using a series of toxin mutants (mutations at both domains) and two channel mutants that were shown to reduce the sensitivity to scorpion alpha-toxins, and by comparison of depolarization-driven dissociation of Lqh2 derivatives off their binding site at rNav1.2a mutant channels we found that the toxin Core-domain interacts with the Gating-module of DIV. Details of the experiments and results appear in Guret al (2011). Mapping receptor site 3 at Nav1.2a by extensive channel mutagenesis (Seattle): Since previous studies with photoaffinity labeling and antibody mapping implicated domains I and IV in scorpion alpha-toxin binding, Nav1.2 channel mutants containing substitutions at these extracellular regions were expressed and tested for receptor function by whole-cell voltage clamp. Of a large number of channel mutants, T1560A, F1610A, and E1613A in domain IV had ~5.9-, ~10.7-, and ~3.9-fold lower affinities for the scorpion toxin Lqh2, respectively, and mutant E1613R had 73-fold lower affinity. Toxin dissociation was accelerated by depolarization for both wild-type and mutants, and the rates of dissociation were also increased by mutations T1560A, F1610A and E1613A. In contrast, association rates for these three mutant channels at negative membrane potentials were not significantly changed and were not voltage-dependent. These results indicated that Thr1560 in the S1-S2 loop, Phe1610 in the S3 segment, and Glu1613 in the S3-S4 loop in domain IV participate in toxin binding. T393A in the SS2-S6 loop in domain I also showed a ~3.4-fold lower affinity for Lqh2, indicating that this extracellular loop may form a secondary component of the toxin binding site. Analysis with the Rosetta-Membrane algorithm revealed a three-dimensional model of Lqh2 binding to the voltage sensor in a resting state. In this model, amino acid residues in an extracellular cleft formed by the S1-S2 and S3-S4 loops in domain IV that are important for toxin binding interact with amino acid residues on two faces of the wedge-shaped Lqh2 molecule that are important for toxin action. The conserved gating charges in the S4 transmembrane segment are in an inward position and likely form ion pairs with negatively charged amino acid residues in the S2 and S3 segments (Wang et al 2011; Gurevitz 2012; Gurevitzet al 2013).