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1

ATTAIANESE, Ciro. "Design of High Voltage Transformer Windings Withstanding Surge Voltages." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 119, no. 2 (1999): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1990.119.2_167.

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2

Christodoulou, Christos, Vasiliki Vita, Valeri Mladenov, and Lambros Ekonomou. "On the Computation of the Voltage Distribution along the Non-Linear Resistor of Gapless Metal Oxide Surge Arresters." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 3046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113046.

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The voltage distribution along the non-linear resistance of metal oxide surges is of great importance for their proper operation, since the non-uniform potential distribution results in higher thermal stresses of the varistor discs near the high voltage electrode, leading to a faster ageing of the discs at the top and, consequently, a downgrade in arrester effectiveness and reliability or even failures. The current work deals with the examination of the voltage distribution along the non-linear resistance of medium voltage metal oxide gapless surge arresters, using an appropriate computer tool
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3

Shimizu, Toshihisa, Mikiya Saito, Masanobu Nakamura, and Tomoo Miyazaki. "A Motor Surge Voltage Suppression Method with Surge Energy Regeneration." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 131, no. 1 (2011): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.131.118.

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4

Shimizu, Toshihisa, Mikiya Saito, Masanori Nakamura, and Tomoo Miyazaki. "A Motor Surge Voltage Suppression Method With Surge Energy Regeneration." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 27, no. 7 (2012): 3434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2011.2179319.

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5

Kikuchi, Hideyuki, and Hidehito Hanawa. "Inverter Surge Voltage Endurance with Various Surge Voltage Waveforms of Organic / Inorganic Nano-composite Enameled Wire." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 132, no. 2 (2012): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.132.198.

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6

Moriyasu, Shoji, and Yoshihiko Okuyama. "Surge Propagation of PWM-Inverter and Surge Voltage on the Motor." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 119, no. 4 (1999): 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.119.508.

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7

WIATER, Jarosław. "Hazardous step voltage nearby pole exited by high voltage surge." PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 12 (2017): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2017.12.13.

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8

Yoshida, Masanobu, and Toshiaki Ueda. "Measures to reduce surge voltages on low-voltage circuits in substations." Electrical Engineering in Japan 176, no. 1 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.21110.

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9

Shih, Chien-Fu, Yu-Li Hsieh, Liann-Be Chang, Ming-Jer Jeng, Zi-Xin Ding, and Shao-An Huang. "Capacitance Characteristics and Breakdown Mechanism of AlGaN/GaN Metal–Semiconductor–Metal Varactors and their Anti-Surge Application." Crystals 10, no. 4 (2020): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10040292.

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The AlGaN/GaN materials with a wide band gap, high electron mobility, and high breakdown voltage are suitable for manufacturing high-power and high-frequency electronic devices. In this study, metal Schottky contact electrodes of different dimensions are prepared on AlGaN/GaN wafers to fabricate metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) varactors. Voltage-dependent capacitance and breakdown voltages of the varactors are measured and studied. The corresponding breakdown mechanisms of varactors with different electrode gaps are proposed. Furthermore, an anti-surge application using GaN-based MSM varactors
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10

Kadir, M. Z. A. Ab, and A. M. Azmi. "Impact of Lightning Surge on Surge Arrester Placement in High Voltage Substation." Journal of Applied Sciences 8, no. 18 (2008): 3298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2008.3298.3301.

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11

Narita, Kenta, and Toshihisa Shimizu. "Common-mode Motor-surge-voltage Suppression Method." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 136, no. 9 (2016): 635–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.136.635.

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12

Paul, D. "Low-voltage power system surge overvoltage protection." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 37, no. 1 (2001): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.903152.

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13

Li Zhe-sheng and J. L. Kinley. "Switching Surge Voltage Distribution in Superconducting Generators." IEEE Power Engineering Review PER-5, no. 8 (1985): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1985.5526397.

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14

Zhe-sheng, Li, and J. Kirtley. "Switching Surge Voltage Distribution in Superconducting Generators." IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems PAS-104, no. 8 (1985): 2189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpas.1985.318798.

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15

Shimizu, Toshihisa, Mikiya Saito, Masanobu Nakamura, and Noriaki Tanaka. "Analysis of Motor Surge Voltage under the Use of a Surge Suppression Cable." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 129, no. 9 (2009): 914–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.129.914.

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16

Sato, Shinji, Fumiki Kato, Hiroshi Hozoji, Hiroshi Sato, Hiroshi Yamaguchi, and Shinsuke Harada. "High-Temperature Operating Characteristics of Inverter Using SBD-Integrated MOSFET." Materials Science Forum 1004 (July 2020): 1115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1004.1115.

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In the conventional SiC-MOSFET, a PN junction diode is included between the source and drain. This P-N junction diode not only causes device degradation, but also generates a large reverse recovery surge voltage during high temperature operation. This surge voltage increases the electrical stress of the power converter, causing dielectric breakdown and control malfunction. We have developed a SBD integrated SiC-MOSFET. This MOSFET reduces the occurrence of reverse recovery surge voltage during high-temperature operation caused by inactivating the included PN junction diode. In this paper, we d
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17

Bugała, Dorota, Artur Bugała, and Damian Janczak. "Immunity of photovoltaic installation on electromagnetic surge disturbances." ITM Web of Conferences 28 (2019): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20192801034.

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The work analyzes the correctness of the functioning of the photovoltaic system with a rated electrical power of 3500 W, consisting of 14 photovoltaic modules and a power electronic converter in the form of a single phase voltage inverter equipped with a maximum power point tracking system, disturbed by voltage stroke. The voltage surge with the parameters 1.2/50 µs, simulating a lightning discharge, was introduced into the system from the power grid side. For the purpose of computer simulation performed in Matlab/Simulink, the recommendations included in the PN-EN 61000-4-5 standard "Immunity
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18

VIIŞOREANU-RĂCHIŢEANU, Alina, and Alexandru Marius VIIŞOREANU. "Surge arrester for protection against overvoltage of high voltage networks." EMERG - Energy. Environment. Efficiency. Resources. Globalization 6, no. 3 (2020): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37410/emerg.2020.3.02.

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The paper presents the main elements of surge arresters used in high voltage electrical networks. A comparison is made between the main characteristics of surge arresters, both in terms of the construction elements and in terms of the technical and functional characteristics of surge arresters.
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19

Ludin, Gul Ahmad, Mohammad Amin Amin, Hidehito Matayoshi, et al. "Solid-State DC Circuit Breakers and Their Comparison in Modular Multilevel Converter Based-HVDC Transmission System." Electronics 10, no. 10 (2021): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10101204.

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This paper proposes a new and surge-less solid-state direct current (DC) circuit breaker in a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system to clear the short-circuit fault. The main purpose is the fast interruption and surge-voltage and over-current suppression capability analysis of the breaker during the fault. The breaker is equipped with series insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switches to mitigate the stress of high voltage on the switches. Instead of conventional metal oxide varistor (MOV), the resistance–capacitance freewheeling diodes branch is used to bypass the high
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20

OKUBO, Hitoshi, and Naoki HAYAKAWA. "Research on Partial Discharge under Inverter Surge Voltage." Journal of The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 126, no. 7 (2006): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.126.427.

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21

Birrell, D., and R. B. Standler. "Failure of surge arresters on low-voltage mains." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 8, no. 1 (1993): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.180331.

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22

Ying Xin, Jingyin Zhang, and Weizhi Gong. "Voltage Surge Protection Circuit for Superconducting Bias Coil." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 20, no. 3 (2010): 1118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2010.2045363.

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23

Zhu, Jing, Guodong Sun, Weifeng Sun, and Yunwu Zhang. "Negative voltage surge resistant circuit design in HVIC." Electronics Letters 49, no. 23 (2013): 1476–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2013.1073.

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24

Metwally, Ibrahim A., Adel Gastli, and Mohamed Al-Sheikh. "Withstand capability tests of transient voltage surge suppressors." Electric Power Systems Research 77, no. 7 (2007): 859–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2006.07.011.

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25

J, Onah A., and Ezema E. E. "Circuit Breaker Performance Analysis." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 8 - August 5, no. 8 (2020): 1185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20aug735.

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The problem of circuit breaking becomes complicated when voltages and currents in the range of kilovolt and kiloampere are involved. Circuit breaker (CB) is used in performing switching operations, and is a switch that can open live circuits. Circuit breakers are especially important in protective schemes where they have to interrupt fault currents, and isolate faulty section of the network. When the circuit breaker opens under fault condition many thousands of amperes pass through the contacts and the extinction of the arc and hence effective opening of the contacts of the CB are major engine
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26

Koseki, Kunio, Masayuki Yamamoto, and Yasunori Tanaka. "Evaluation of Surge Reduction Performance of a SiC Avalanche Diode with Mesa Structure in a Switching Power Supply." Materials Science Forum 1004 (July 2020): 1129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1004.1129.

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A p-n junction diode with mesa structure by silicon carbide (SiC) has been developed to utilize the avalanche breakdown in an excessed reverse bias condition to clamp the surge voltage in switch-mode power supplies. Static voltage-current correlation by pulsed reverse voltage has been measured. The increase of the breakdown voltage was measured to be 32 volts with increased current density up to 3900 A/cm2. The operational performance in suppressing the surge voltage in a step-down DC/DC converter has been evaluated. A superior performance in suppressing the surge voltage by the SiC p-n juncti
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27

Galla, Stanisław, and Alicja Konczakowska. "Application of Infrared Thermography to Non-Contact Testing of Varistors." Metrology and Measurement Systems 20, no. 4 (2013): 677–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mms-2013-0058.

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Abstract Testing of varistors using thermography was carried out in order to assess their protective properties against possible overvoltage phenomena in the form of high-level voltage surges. An advantage of the thermography technique is non-contact temperature measurement. It was proposed to assess the properties of varistors working in electronic devices as protective elements, on the basis of estimating temperature increments on varistor surfaces, registered by an infrared camera during surge resistance tests with standard voltage levels. To determine acceptable temperature increments on a
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28

H. Rawa, Muhyaddin J. "Characteristic and Surge Impedance Variation Impact on Transmission Line Performance." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 4 (2018): 2602. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2602-2607.

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<span>Modeling of power systems is essential to perform various network analyses. Voltage regulation, line losses and transmission line efficiency are greatly affected by transmission line parameters. Hence, accurate modeling of transmission line is required. The aim of this paper is to study the impact of characteristic and surge impedances on voltage profile, voltage regulation and transmission line efficiency.</span>
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29

Shin, Hee-Kyung, and Jae-Suk Lee. "Coordination between Voltage-Limiting Surge Protective Devices in Surge Currents Caused by Direct Lightning Flashes." Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers 29, no. 4 (2015): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5207/jieie.2015.29.4.116.

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30

Trotsenko, Yevgeniy, Volodymyr Brzhezitsky, Olexandr Protsenko, and Yaroslav Haran. "Simulation of impulse current generator for testing surge arresters using frequency-dependent models." Technology audit and production reserves 1, no. 1(57) (2021): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.225492.

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The object of research is the equivalent circuit of an impulse current generator designed for testing surge arresters. Calculation of the impulse current generator parameters when discharging a capacitor bank to a complex nonlinear load is a difficult task for an analytical solution. Until now, the application of surge arrester frequency-dependent models was limited to the problems of overvoltage computation. Surge arrester frequency-dependent models can predict the residual voltage with high accuracy. This is the reason to consider that surge arrester frequency-dependent models can be used fo
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31

Peng, Ng Guat, Norul Rafiq N. Khan, M. Noor Harun, and Badrol Ahmad. "Investigation into the Metal Oxide Surge Arrestors' Failures." Advanced Materials Research 620 (December 2012): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.620.246.

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Metal oxide surge arrestors (MOSA) are commonly used in the electrical power system to protect the insulation from the damaging effect of lightning. This paper presents the damage characteristics and possible root cause of two exploded ZnO type arrestors. Both failures were not caused by lightning surge. They had degraded due to moisture ingress, leading to contamination and corrosion, accelerating thermal runaway effect in the ZnO elements and eventually caused early voltage breakdown under normal operating voltage. This indicated an inadequacy in the sealing components.
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32

HATSUKADE, Satoru. "Reduction Method of Surge Voltage on AC Railcar's Body." Quarterly Report of RTRI 50, no. 2 (2009): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.50.70.

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33

Kon, Hironobu. "Low Loss Snubber for Reducing Motor Terminal Surge Voltage." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 123, no. 8 (2003): 918–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.123.918.

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34

Maleki Shahraki, M., M. A. Bahrevar, S. M. S. Mirghafourian, and A. B. Glot. "Novel SnO2 ceramic surge absorbers for low voltage applications." Materials Letters 145 (April 2015): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.01.148.

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35

Pham, E., M. Wingate, and K. W. Eilers. "Application and safety issues for transient voltage surge suppressors." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 36, no. 6 (2000): 1734–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.887228.

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36

Luke Yu. "Quick evaluation of voltage surge in electrical power systems." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 31, no. 2 (1995): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.370288.

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37

Ando, Kiyomi, Tsuyoshi Oshige, Kan-Ichi Tachibana, and Masanori Hara. "Discharge Processes in a Low-Voltage Microgap Surge Absorber." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications IA-21, no. 6 (1985): 1349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.1985.349589.

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38

Muramatsu, Junya, Takashi Kojima, Hiroya Tanaka, et al. "Proposal of Electromagnetic Clutch Structure to Suppress Surge Voltage." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 50, no. 11 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2014.2320994.

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39

Lu, Zhen Ya, Zhi Wu Chen, and Feng Jin Yang. "Voltage Response of ZnO Varistors to 8/20 µs Surge Current." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.285.

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The voltage response of ZnO varistors to 8/20 µs surge current was investigated. The observed frontal spikes on the residual voltage waveforms are caused by the ignition gap, and no frontal spike was observed when a thyristor was used as the discharge trigger. The rear part of the waveform is determined by the damping coefficient of the RLC-circuit. Near the critical point, the residual voltage waveform changes from non-oscillating attenuation modes to distinct across zero oscillating modes along with the increase of the peak current, but there will be no oscillation happen when a thyristor is
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40

Liura, О. P., N. Ya Vozna, and Ya M. Nykolaichuk. "RESEARCH OF TRANSIENT PROCESSES IN HIGH-VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINES 6–10 KV AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROELECTRONIC SPECIAL PROCESSOR OF RELAY PROTECTION, INVARIANT TO CHANGE IN AMPLITUDES OF PHASE CURRENTS." Scientific Bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, no. 2(45) (November 13, 2018): 57–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9965-2018-2(45)-57-83.

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The fast-acting algorithms of exposure and invariant authentication of transients in the lines of electricity transmission as load surge, short circuits and start of powerful electric engines were developed; based on that, the functions of relay defense device of high-voltage lines of electricity transmission were determined. The given structure of small, microelectronic fast-acting device of relay defense is with the extended functional possibilities of recognition of load surge and defense of high-voltage lines of electricity transmission from short circuits, the syntax of his functions was
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41

Jurnal, Redaksi Tim. "KAJIAN PEMASANGAN LIGHTNING ARRESTER PADA SISI HV TRANSFORMATOR DAYA UNIT SATU GARDU INDUK TELUK BETUNG." Energi & Kelistrikan 9, no. 2 (2018): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/energi.v9i2.42.

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Generally, The power centers are connected to the air transmission line, and the airborne transmission channel is susceptible to disturbances that are affected from outside the system, one of which is a lightning strike. Lightning strikes are harmful to the components present in the central power supply. And therefore, the protection from the lightning strikes is required, so that the components in the power center is not damaged when exposed to lightning surges. In this research we discussed the power transformer protection (60MVA) on the Teluk Betung substation so that the power transformer
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42

Vončina, Vid, Jože Pihler, and Miro Milanovič. "Extracting the Resistive Current Component from a Surge Arrester’s Leakage Current without Voltage Reference." Sensors 21, no. 4 (2021): 1257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041257.

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This article presents the development of the theoretical background and the design of an electronic device for monitoring the condition of a gapless Metal Oxide Surge Arrester (MOSA). The device is intended to be used online. Because of the inaccessibility and possible remote location of most surge arresters, it is equipped with a communication system, allowing for the device to convey the measurement of the surge arrester characteristics under any conditions. It is possible to determine the condition of the MOSA by gathering measurements of the surge arrester’s resistive component of leakage
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43

Kaji, Takefumi, Hiromitsu Asai, Takahiro Nozu, Hiroki Kojima, and Naoki Hayakawa. "Partial Discharge Inception Voltage under Inverter Surge Voltage Considering Interactive Effects of Environmental Factors." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 140, no. 7 (2020): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.140.349.

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44

Ogasawara, Satoshi. "Reduction of Leakage Current, Surge Voltage and Shaft Voltage in Variable-Speed AC Drives." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 118, no. 9 (1998): 975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.118.975.

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45

Oyegoke, B. S. "Voltage distribution in the stator winding of an induction motor following a voltage surge." Electrical Engineering (Archiv fur Elektrotechnik) 82, no. 3-4 (2000): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002020050011.

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46

Dal Kim, Young, Young Chan Kim, Yun Mi Jeong, and Dae Dong Lee. "Reduction method of residual voltage by connecting lead length of surge protection device." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.3 (2018): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.33.14191.

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Background/Objectives: In order to minimize the damage and malfunction of the equipment and system from various surges, we studied the method of reducing the residual voltage according to the lead wire length of the surge protector.Methods/Statistical analysis: In buildings, SPD installation space is insufficient or narrow, resulting in longer lead wire of SPD, and SPD protection performance is decreased due to increase of voltage protection level and residual voltage. In this study, the voltage protection level and the residual voltage of the conventional SPD model and the proposed SPD model
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47

Białoń, Andrzej, and Łukasz Zawadka. "Development issues of catenary surge protection system based on a varistor surge arresters." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (2018): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.034.

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The article presents na issue of determinating an optimal distance between varistors located on 3 kV DC catenary. Line attenuation as a function of distance has been determined during preliminary tests for the following measurement configurations: catenary network unloaded (open), catenary network charged by a value of resistance close to the value of wave impedance of the catenary network test section, catenary network charged by a low voltage varistor. The results allowed to estimate the optimal distance between the varistors and they were verified on the catenary network on Żmigród Test Rin
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48

Liu, Tai Long, Hua Biao Jin, Qi Dou Wu, Peng Li, Long Huang, and Fang Ping Yu. "Surge Voltage Suppression Circuit Design of On-Board SCR Controller." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 2358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.2358.

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SCR controller is one of the components of the SCR system, which should pass the test pulse 5b. The features and test requirements of pulse 5b are introduced. Its energy is very large, so passing the test is difficult. Two surge voltage suppression circuits are designed. The first design utilized a surge stopper-LT4356, its work process includes fault timer period, warning period and cooling period. During the cooling period, the SCR controller cannot work normally. So connecting a capacitor in parallel to the output of the surge voltage suppression circuit is used to improving its performance
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49

Nakayama, Koji, Ryosuke Ishii, Katsunori Asano, Tetsuya Miyazawa, and Hidekazu Tsuchida. "SiC Zener Diode for Gate Protection of 4.5 kV SiCGT." Materials Science Forum 679-680 (March 2011): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.679-680.559.

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Zener voltages of the fabricated SiC Zener diodes with various nitrogen concentrations in the range from 7×1017 to 5×1019 cm-3 are 17 to 87 V, and decreased with an increase in the nitrogen concentration. Furthermore, in a chopper circuit using SiC Zener diodes for SiCGT gate protection, the commutated current decreases slowly even though cathode current falls rapidly, and the SiCGT gate is protected from surge voltage by SiC Zener diode. Moreover, the value of Zener voltage after the operation was the same as that before half bridge operation at 47 V.
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50

Attia, Hussain. "Novel 9-Steps Automatic AC Voltage Regulator based on Two Step-down Transformers." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 2 (2017): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp576-583.

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<p class="IEEEAbtract">A novel design and simulation results of 9-steps automatic AC voltage regulator based on one step-down transformer is presented in this paper. Avoiding the problem of surge at the AC load during controlling jump steps is done through the proposed design. Accurate and smooth controlling function is achieved as well. Instead of the necessity of increasing the number of taps of the used multi tap transformer for wide controlling range of fluctuated AC supply voltage, the proposed designed adopts using only two step down transformers with 10 Vrms, and 30 Vrms secondary
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