Academic literature on the topic 'Voltaire, Freedom of religion'

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Journal articles on the topic "Voltaire, Freedom of religion"

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Stenger, Gerhardt. "From Toleration to Laïcité." Dialogue and Universalism 31, no. 2 (2021): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du202131225.

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This paper traces the history of the philosophical and political justification of religious tolerance from the late 17th century to modern times. In the Anglo-Saxon world, John Locke’s Letter Concerning Toleration (1689) gave birth to the doctrine of the separation of Church and State and to what is now called secularization. In France, Pierre Bayle refuted, in his Philosophical Commentary (1685), the justification of intolerance taken from Saint Augustine. Following him, Voltaire campaigned for tolerance following the Calas affair (1763), and the Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789) imposed religious freedom which, a century later, resulted in the uniquely French notion of laïcité, which denies religion any supremacy, and any right to organize life in its name. Equality before the law takes precedence over freedom: the fact of being a believer does not give rise to the right to special statutes or to exceptions to the law.
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Jasmin, Guillaume. "Voltaire: Critique Politique." Agora: Political Science Undergraduate Journal 3, no. 1 (February 21, 2013): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/agora19043.

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Much has been written about Voltaire, the great 18th century French writer and Enlightenment philosopher. His works have been pored over countless times and many analyses have been published about him and his writings. This dissertation builds on several sources so as to find the voltairian critiques of the French monarchy in relation to his Traité sur la tolérance. The author starts by detailing the French monarchical system of the time as well as defining what tolerance was under this system. The first part ends with an explanation of what Voltaire thought the monarchy should be as well as defining what tolerance was according to him. The second part of the text discusses the specific critiques Voltaire aimed at the French monarchy, be it the malfunctioning justice system or the arbitrary powers possessed by the king. The final part of this exposition examines the place of religion in the French state. In this third and final section, the author looks at what Voltaire thought religion was and should be as well as the relationship between religion and the state. Plusieurs textes ont été écrit à propos de Voltaire, l'un des grands écrivains et philosophes des Lumières. Ces travaux ont été passés au crible et ont fait l'objet d'études approfondies à maintes reprises. Cette dissertation se hisse sur les épaules des chercheurs venus auparavant afin de trouver les critiques voltairiennes de la monarchie française en lien avec son Traité sur la tolérance. L'auteur débute en détaillant le système monarchique du temps et définit la tolérance du temps. Cette première partie inclut aussi une explication de ce qu'entendait Voltaire lorsqu'il discutait de la monarchie et de la tolérance. La seconde partie examine les critiques spécifiques de Voltaire par rapport à la monarchie française, que ce soit le système judiciaire dysfonctionnel ou le pouvoir arbitraire du roi. Dans la partie finale de ce texte, l'auteur se penche sur ce que la religion était et devait être selon Voltaire. Cette partie inclut aussi une exposition de la relation entre la religion et l'État français monarchique.
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Dominiczak, Marek H. "Rationalism, Science, and Freedom of Speech: Voltaire." Clinical Chemistry 62, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 789–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2015.253088.

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Arkush, Allan. "Voltaire on Judaism and Christianity." AJS Review 18, no. 2 (November 1993): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009400004906.

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Voltaire's voluminous writings on religion contain, as is well known, a large number of attacks on the Jewish people and Judaism. Historians have offered a variety of explanations for this sustained animosity on the part of a great rationalist and proponent of religious toleration toward a people and a religion which continued, in his own day, to be victimized by unjust persecution. While much remains in dispute, there does seem to be general agreement that Voltaire attacked Judaism at least in part because its most sacred texts constituted the foundation of Christianity, the religion he wished to destroy.
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Dorfman, Avihay. "Freedom of Religion." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 21, no. 2 (July 2008): 279–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900004434.

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Why it is that the principle of freedom of religion, rather than a more general principle such as liberty or liberty of conscience, figures so prominently in our lived experience and, in particular, in the constitutional commitment to the free exercise of religion? The Paper argues, negatively, that the most prominent answers offered thus far fall short; and positively, that the principle of freedom of religion arises out of a thicker understanding of the much neglected relationship between religious liberty and democracy. Indeed, a proper account of the legitimacy of the democratic process. I argue, dissolves the mystery surrounding freedom of religion, and thus allows for an adequate justification of this principle. The thesis of this paper is that freedom of religion is a remedy that redresses the (warranted) exclusion of certain religious arguments from the democratic process. The redress is grounded in a republican concern for political self-determination while exclusion is prescribed by a liberal ideal of political legitimation.
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Marsden, L. "Freedom from Religion." Journal of Church and State 54, no. 3 (July 17, 2012): 455–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcs/css074.

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Sapir, Gidon, and Daniel Statman. "Why Freedom Of Religion Does Not Include Freedom From Religion." Law and Philosophy 24, no. 5 (September 2005): 467–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10982-004-2895-8.

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Mason, Haydn. "Voltaire Almighty: A Life in Pursuit of Freedom." French Studies 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/knl182.

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Wieruszewski, Roman. "Freedom of expression and its limits – Was Voltaire right?" Zeitschrift für europarechtliche Studien 18, no. 1 (2015): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/1435-439x-2015-1-65.

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Astengo, Francesca. "Freedom of Religion Crucified?" Politique européenne 41, no. 3 (2013): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/poeu.041.0012.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Voltaire, Freedom of religion"

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Neff, Pamela S. "Freedom of Religion or Freedom from Religion? The New Laicite in France." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1351638370.

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Baiao, Filho Luiz Gonzaga. "A história segundo Voltaire." Universidade Federal da Paraí­ba, 2008. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5624.

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La présente dissertation a comme objectif réaliser une compréhension de la conception de l'histoire dans la pensée de Voltaire, à partir de l'importance de penser elle selon l'approche de trois aspects ou significations, qui entrelacés définissent comme histoire critique sur la liberté humaine. L'attitude critique dans Voltaire occupe un aspect de notre réflexion dans la conduction de la connaissance historique, conformément à la dialectique parmi savoir et pouvoir et leurs dédoublages dans la constitution des moeurs, arts, lois, sciences, tant dans le contexte public, que dans le domaine privé des valeurs et événements de la vie de l'homme comme être sociable. Donc, si observe que dans le mouvement de le Lumières émane la préoccupation de enquêter les phénomènes humains dans société et, malgré de ne comprendre pas de le Lumières comme un mouvement philosophique d'idées homogènes, la culminância de la préoccupation s'illustrait dans la défense du procès d'émancipation de la raison humaine. Donc, l'autre aspect du problème tourne autour de la distinction parmi histoire et fable. Mais, intercalée au problème perpassa la relation que la ligue avec la vision de Voltaire sur la liberté humaine, surtout parce que l'histoire est pensée conformément à laquelle fait l'homme un être libre, depuis, la recherche de la liberté de pensée par l'homme est exprimée par Voltaire à travers le progrès de l'esprit humain.
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo realizar uma compreensão da concepção de história no pensamento de Voltaire, a partir da importância de pensá-la segundo o enfoque de três aspectos ou significados, que entrelaçados, a definem como relato crítico sobre a liberdade humana. A atitude crítica em Voltaire ocupa um aspecto da nossa reflexão na condução do conhecimento histórico, de acordo com a dialética entre saber e poder e seus desdobramentos na constituição de costumes, artes, leis, ciências, tanto no âmbito público, como no domínio privado dos valores e acontecimentos da vida do homem como ser sociável. Por isso, observamos que no movimento do Iluminismo emanou a preocupação de investigar os fenômenos humanos em sociedade e, apesar de não entender o Iluminismo enquanto um movimento filosófico de idéias homogêneas, a culminância da preocupação se ilustrava na defesa do processo de emancipação da razão humana. Portanto, outro aspecto do problema gira em torno da distinção entre história e fábula, mas, intercalada ao problema perpassa a relação que o liga com a visão de Voltaire sobre a liberdade humana, sobretudo porque a história é pensada em conformidade com o que faz o homem um ser livre, já que, a busca da liberdade de pensamento pelo homem é expressa por Voltaire através do progresso do espírito humano.
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Lee, Yu-Jung. "Human rights in China : freedom of religion and freedom of movement compared." Thesis, University of Essex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423447.

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Burlando, Giannina L. "Suarez on soul, will, and freedom /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148784889151255.

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Petty, John A. "Securing soul freedom as a Baptist distinctive cultivating appreciation and preservation of soul freedom in the local church /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.

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Jurgens, Hishaam. "Investigating the conflict between freedom of religion and Freedom of expression under the South African constitution." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4099.

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Magister Legum - LLM
This mini-thesis is based on the presumption that the Danish cartoons and the anti-Muslim clip posted on YouTube as forms of expression, ridiculed the religious beliefs and practices of Muslims which in turn affected the exercise of religious freedom as it violated the dignity of the bearers of the right to freedom of religion and therefore a conflict between the right to freedom of religion and freedom of expression exists. The above incidence of conflict between the right to freedom of religion and freedom of expression involves infringing the freedom of religion of the Islamic community. Blasphemy in Islam is speech that is insulting to God, but during the course of Muslim history it has become increasingly linked with insult to the Prophet Muhammad. In Islam the depiction of the Prophet Muhammad in any way is strictly forbidden and is considered blasphemous.
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Cunningham, Heather. "The Great Awakening and religious freedom." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2606.

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 100 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-100).
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Gunn, Torri Kenneth. "Defining Religion with Chinese Characters: Interrogating the Criticism of the Freedom of Religion in China." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19878.

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This thesis seeks to explore the points of dissonance and resonance around the understanding and deployment of the term 'religion' between Human Rights Watch, and the government of the People's Republic of China. In doing this, it is highlighted that a fundamental disjunction exists in the meaning of, and the boundaries of, the word 'religion' between these two groups. The space that this difference creates makes discussions on religion and religious freedom between these two groups extremely problematic, primarily because Human Rights Watch seeks to protect the right to religious freedom of groups and individuals that the Chinese government does not consider ‘religion’, but that Human Rights Watch demands they should. This thesis addresses the question of the role of social and cultural relativism in the defining, and the subsequent role in defending, of the term and contents of 'religion'.
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Neoh, Weng Fei Joshua. "Law, love and freedom." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285411.

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How does one lead a life of law, love and freedom? This inquiry has very deep roots in the Judeo-Christian tradition. Indeed, the divergent answers to this inquiry mark the transition from Judeo to Christian. This dissertation returns to those roots to trace the routes that these ideas have taken as they move from the sacred to the secular. The argument of this dissertation is threefold. First, it argues that the concepts of law, love and freedom are each internally polarized. Each concept contains, within itself, conflicting values. Paul's equivocation in his letters is a striking manifestation of this internal polarization. Second, it argues that, while values are many, my life is one. Hence, one needs to combine the plurality of values within a singular life. Values find their coherence within a form of life. There are, at least, two ways of leading a life of law, love and freedom: monastic versus antinomian. Third, it argues that the Reformation transformed these religious ideals into political ideologies. The monastic ideal is politically manifested as constitutionalism, and the antinomian ideal is politically manifested as anarchism. There are, at least, two ways of creating a polity of law, love and freedom: constitutional versus anarchic. To mount the threefold argument, the dissertation deploys a whole range of disciplinary tools. The dissertation draws on analytic jurisprudence in its analysis of law; ethics and aesthetics in its analysis of love; political philosophy in its analysis of freedom; biblical scholarship in its interpretation of Paul; the history of ideas in its study of the formation and transformation of these ideas; and moral philosophy in concluding how one could lead a life of law, love and freedom.
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Christie, David Osborne. "Bible and sword : the Cameronian contribution to freedom of religion." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1077.

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Books on the topic "Voltaire, Freedom of religion"

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De Voltaire à la liberté religieuse: De la tolérance à la vraie liberté. Paris: Salvator, 2012.

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Gurrado, Antonio. Voltaire cattolico. Torino: Lindau, 2013.

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A, Bosmajian Haig, ed. Freedom of religion. New York: Neal-Schuman, 1987.

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Evans, J. Edward. Freedom of religion. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 1990.

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Head, Tom. Freedom of religion. New York: Facts on File, 2005.

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Sweet, William. Freedom of religion. Bangalore, India: Dharmaram Publications, 2010.

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Freedom from religion. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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Religion and cultural freedom. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993.

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Equality, freedom, and religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

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Religious freedom. London: SCM Press, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Voltaire, Freedom of religion"

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Domino, John C. "Freedom of Religion and Freedom from Religion." In Civil Rights and Liberties in the 21st Century, 96–155. Fourth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315623627-3.

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Peperzak, Adriaan T. "Ethics and Religion." In Modern Freedom, 618–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0856-3_13.

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Hertzberg, Michael. "Monitoring Religious Freedom." In Formatting Religion, 56–76. First [edition]. | New York : Taylor and Francis, 2019.: Routledge India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429030567-4.

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Cusack, Carmen M. "Freedom of Religion." In Laws Relating to Sex, Pregnancy, and Infancy, 45–64. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137505194_6.

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van der Ven, Johannes A. "Freedom of Religion." In Religion and Human Rights, 1–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58391-0_1.

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Kühler, Anne. "Freedom of Religion." In Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 1–5. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6730-0_692-1.

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Kühler, Anne. "Freedom of Religion." In Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 1–5. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6730-0_692-2.

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Garnett, Richard W. "Freedom ‘for’ religion." In Religious Freedom and the Law, 13–24. Abingdon, Oxon [UK]; New York: Routledge, 2018. | Series: ICLARS series on law and religion: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315149707-2.

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Edwards, Mark U. "Academic Freedom." In Religion on Our Campuses, 111–34. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230601109_10.

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Donohue, William A. "The Role of Religion." In The New Freedom, 183–200. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429339189-18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Voltaire, Freedom of religion"

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Dura, Nicolae V. "THE FREEDOM OF RELIGION AND THE RIGHT TO RELIGIOUS FREEDOM." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on POLITICAL SCIENCES, LAW, FINANCE, ECONOMICS AND TOURISM. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b21/s5.110.

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Hasan, Moh Abdul Kholiq. "FREEDOM OF RELIGION IN RASHID RIDA'S PERSPECTIVE." In International Conference on Qur'an and Hadith Studies (ICQHS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icqhs-17.2018.9.

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Mamchenkov, Dmitry. "Foundation of Human Freedom in Religion and Science." In 3rd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccessh-18.2018.319.

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Fidiyani, Rini. "State Legal Protection on Freedom of Religion: a Myth." In 1st International Conference of Law and Justice - Good Governance and Human Rights in Muslim Countries: Experiences and Challenges (ICLJ 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iclj-17.2018.24.

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Orekhov, Andrey, and Alexander Efimenkov. "Religion as Institution and Capital: Between Freedom and Effectiveness." In 5th International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities - Philosophy of Being Human as the Core of Interdisciplinary Research (ICCESSH 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200901.022.

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Nikitin, Aleksey, and Damir Ahmedov. "FORMATION OF RUSSIAN LEGISLATION ON FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE AND RELIGION." In Law and law: problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02033-3/055-057.

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This article deals with ensuring the development of the legal framework of public relations in the sphere of freedom of conscience and religion, creating and modernizing means of protecting human and civil rights and freedoms.
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Sihotang, Amri Panahatan, B. Rini Heryanti, and Subaidah Ratna Juita. "Freedom of Religion as a Human Rights Protection in Indonesia." In 1st Borobudur International Symposium on Humanities, Economics and Social Sciences (BIS-HESS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200529.194.

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Ahmedov, Damir, and Alexey Nikitin. "LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON COUNTERING OFFENSES IN THE SPHERE OF IMPLEMENTING FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE AND FREEDOM OF RELIGION." In Current problems of jurisprudence. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02058-6/036-043.

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The necessity to counteract the commission of crimes against freedom of conscience and freedom of religion is an integral part of the criminal law policy of a modern state. At the same time, the development of social relations, achievements of scientific and technological progress, transform existing social relations, which significantly complicates the law enforcement activities of law enforcement agencies, including in matters of ensuring the protection of freedom of conscience and freedom of religion.
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Ichsan, Muchammad, and Nanik Prasetyoningsih. "Freedom to Have no Religion in Indonesia and its Legal Impact." In 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research in Humanities. global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icarhconf.2019.09.597.

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Nguyen, Son Nam. "Trends in Law on Freedom of Belief and Religion in Vietnam." In Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Conference on Social Science and Contemporary Humanity Development (SSCHD 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/sschd-19.2019.50.

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Reports on the topic "Voltaire, Freedom of religion"

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Idris, Iffat. Promotion of Freedom of Religion or Belief. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.036.

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Freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) is a fundamental human right. However, the general global trend in recent years is towards increased FoRB violations by both government and non-government actors. Notable exceptions are Sudan and Uzbekistan, which have shown significant improvement in promoting FoRB, while smaller-scale positive developments have been seen in a number of other countries. The international community is increasingly focusing on FoRB. External actors can help promote FoRB through monitoring and reporting, applying external pressure on governments (and to a lesser extent non-government entities), and through constructive engagement with both government and non-government actors. The literature gives recommendations for how each of these approaches can be effectively applied. This review is largely based on grey (and some academic) literature as well as recent media reports. The evidence base was limited by the fact that so few countries have shown FoRB improvements, but there was wider literature on the role that external actors can play. The available literature was often gender blind (typically only referring to women and girls in relation to FoRB violations) and made negligible reference to persons with disabilities.
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Van Dyke, Melvin R. China: Freedom of Religion in a Most Favored Nation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada343400.

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Combs, J. C. Freedom of Religion and Conscience in the Military: Clarifying Policy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada592763.

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Thompson, Stephen, Brigitte Rohwerder, and Clement Arockiasamy. Freedom of Religious Belief and People with Disabilities: Evidence from India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.004.

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Around the world, people with disabilities can be the most marginalised in society. Having a disability and being a member of a religious minority or an excluded social group can compound the reasons why some people find themselves on the outskirts of social systems which normally provide financial and moral support and a sense of identity and belonging. A recent study from India found that identity markers such as religion, caste and gender can exacerbate the exclusion already experienced by people with disabilities. Taking deliberate steps to strengthen the social inclusion of people with disabilities who also come from minority religious groups and socioeconomically marginalised backgrounds can help them fulfil their potential to fully and effectively participle in society on an equal basis with others, and strengthen community ties, making the society in which they live more inclusive.
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Thompson, Stephen, Brigitte Rohwerder, and Clement Arockiasamy. Freedom of Religious Belief and People with Disabilities: A Case Study of People with Disabilities from Religious Minorities in Chennai, India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.003.

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India has a unique and complex religious history, with faith and spirituality playing an important role in everyday life. Hinduism is the majority religion, and there are many minority religions. India also has a complicated class system and entrenched gender structures. Disability is another important identity. Many of these factors determine people’s experiences of social inclusion or exclusion. This paper explores how these intersecting identities influence the experience of inequality and marginalisation, with a particular focus on people with disabilities from minority religious backgrounds. A participatory qualitative methodology was employed in Chennai, to gather case studies that describe in-depth experiences of participants. Our findings show that many factors that make up a person’s identity intersect in India and impact how someone is included or excluded by society, with religious minority affiliation, caste, disability status, and gender all having the potential to add layers of marginalisation. These various identity factors, and how individuals and society react to them, impact on how people experience their social existence. Identity factors that form the basis for discrimination can be either visible or invisible, and discrimination may be explicit or implicit. Despite various legal and human rights frameworks at the national and international level that aim to prevent marginalisation, discrimination based on these factors is still prevalent in India. While some tokenistic interventions and schemes are in place to overcome marginalisation, such initiatives often only focus on one factor of identity, rather than considering intersecting factors. People with disabilities continue to experience exclusion in all aspects of their lives. Discrimination can exist both between, as well as within, religious communities, and is particularly prevalent in formal environments. Caste-based exclusion continues to be a major problem in India. The current socioeconomic environment and political climate can be seen to perpetuate marginalisation based on these factors. However, when people are included in society, regardless of belonging to a religious minority, having a disability, or being a certain caste, the impact on their life can be very positive.
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6

Ochab, Ewelina U. Addressing Religious Inequalities as a Means of Preventing Atrocity Crimes: The Case of the Uyghur Genocide. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.009.

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There is a big distance between religious inequalities and atrocity crimes. Indeed, religious inequalities do not necessarily lead to atrocity crimes; however, in certain cases they can. Examples of cases that portray this progression are those of Yazidis and Christian minorities in Iraq, and the Rohingya community in Myanmar. In certain situations, analysing religious inequalities can help to identify risk factors of genocidal atrocities, so a question that naturally arises is: can addressing religious inequalities help to mitigate and prevent atrocity crimes based on religion or belief? This paper focuses on the situation of the Uyghur population in China, where they are being persecuted for their religion or belief. It considers the law on freedom of religion or belief and other laws affecting the enjoyment of rights by Uyghurs in China as the foundation of religious inequalities. The paper further considers the deterioration of the Uyghurs’ circumstances by analysing some of the recent reported treatment of them against frameworks relevant to atrocity crimes, namely the UN Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes and the Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights Compilation of Risk Factors and Legal Norms for the Prevention of Genocide.
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7

Higdon, Grace Lyn. Nested Theories of Change for Adaptive Rigour. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2020.010.

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This learning brief provides illustrative examples of three major adaptations the Coalition for Religious Equality and Inclusive Development (CREID) programme has undertaken while working within fragile contexts to promote freedom of religion or beilief (FoRB). These examples highlight how the programme has utilised embedded monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) strategies to encourage what Ramalingam et al. (2019) refer to as ‘adaptive rigour’, a concept which underscores the importance of transparent documentation of programmatic decision making processes during programme adaptations. In particular this learning brief discusses the use of nested theories of change as a mechanism to enable adaptive rigour within the 'multitude of smalls' approach in the CREID programme.
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Yusupov, Dilmurad. Deaf Uzbek Jehovah’s Witnesses: The Case of Intersection of Disability, Ethnic and Religious Inequalities in Post-Soviet Uzbekistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.008.

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This study explores how intersecting identities based on disability, ethnicity and religion impact the wellbeing of deaf Uzbek Jehovah’s Witnesses in post-Soviet Uzbekistan. By analysing the collected ethnographic data and semi-structured interviews with deaf people, Islamic religious figures, and state officials in the capital city Tashkent, it provides the case of how a reaction of a majority religious group to the freedom of religious belief contributes to the marginalisation and exclusion of religious deaf minorities who were converted from Islam to the Jehovah’s Witnesses. The paper argues that the insensitivity of the dominant Muslim communities to the freedom of religious belief of deaf Uzbek Christian converts excluded them from their project activities and allocation of resources provided by the newly established Islamic Endowment Public charity foundation ‘Vaqf’. Deaf people in Uzbekistan are often stigmatised and discriminated against based on their disability identity, and religious inequality may further exacerbate existing challenges, lead to unintended exclusionary tendencies within the local deaf communities, and ultimately inhibit the formation of collective deaf identity and agency to advocate for their legitimate rights and interests.
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9

Siebert, Rudolf J., and Michael R. Ott. Catholicism and the Frankfurt School. Association Inter-University Centre Dubrovnik, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53099/ntkd4301.

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The paper traces the development from the medieval, traditional union, through the modern disunion, toward a possible post-modern reunion of the sacred and the profane. It concentrates on the modern disunion and conflict between the religious and the secular, revelation and enlightenment, faith and autonomous reason in the Western world and beyond. It deals specifically with Christianity and the modern age, particularly liberalism, socialism and fascism of the 2Oth and the 21st centuries. The problematic inclination of Western Catholicism toward fascism, motivated by the fear of and hate against socialism and communism in the 20th century, and toward exclusive, authoritarian, and totalitarian populism and identitarianism in the 21st. century, is analyzed, compared and critiqued. Solutions to the problem are suggested on the basis of the Critical Theory of Religion and Society, derived from the Critical Theory of Society of the Frankfurt School. The critical theory and praxis should help to reconcile the culture wars which are continually produced by the modern antagonism between the religious and the secular, and to prepare the way toward post-modern, alternative Future III - the freedom of All on the basis of the collective appropriation of collective surplus value. Distribution and recognition problems are equally taken seriously.
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