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1
Chidebe, Chris. "Nigeria and the Arab States." American Journal of Islam and Society 2, no. 1 (July 1, 1985): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v2i1.2782.
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Nigeria is the most populous state in Africa south of the Sahara. Her geography and her history together make her an interesting sociopolitical and cultural experiment. It is a land with believers in both Islam and Christianity. A country whose northern parts were the prizes of jihadic victory of a highly Islamized Fulani elite, and whose southern portions are inhabited by peoples who were voluntarily or involuntarily brought under the control of the marching Christian soldiers determined to expand the domain of imperial Europe and committed to recruiting souls for Jesus. Nigeria is a meeting ground for two periods in African history. It is the place where Islam still rejoices over its past glories and successes; it is also a place where Euro-Western Christianity has made a major breakthrough. It is against this background, and with such facts in mind, that the subject of Nigerian-Arab relations is here explored. I divide this paper into four parts. The first part is a brief historical sketch of the impact of Arabs and Islam on the Nigerian society and the Nigerian mind. The second part addresses itself to the early post-colonial period in NigerianArab relations; the third part discusses Nigerian-Arab relations under military rule in Nigeria; the fourth part discusses Nigeria's Third Republic and the Arab states. A. Islam, Arabs and NigeriaThe arrival of Islam in northern Nigeria dates back to the 11th century and constitutes a major development in the history of this region of Africa. It not only linked the Hausas, the Fulanis, and other Islamized ethnic groups with the wider world of Islam to the north, northeast, and west, but it also opened up the possibility of Muslim expansion southwards. Indeed, one of the effects of lslamization in Northern Nigeria was the emergence of a full-fledged Islamic culture and civilization in certain parts of what we now call Nigeria. The sphere of ...
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Chinwa Ole, Ngozi, and Onyekachi Eni. "Towards the implementation of the Paris Climate Change Agreement 2015: Opportunities and Challenges for the Network of Universities Legal Aid Institutions (NULAI) Nigeria." International Journal of Clinical Legal Education 27, no. 3 (November 13, 2020): 146–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijcle.v27i3.1041.
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The Paris Climate Change Agreement 2015 represents a vindication of environmental multilateralism given that for the first time in the history of international climate change law, over 196 sovereign states voluntarily subscribed to be bound by a treaty for the mitigation of climate change. The Nigerian government has ratified the Paris Agreement, and subsequently undertakes in its National Determined Contributions (NDCs) to adopt some measures for the mitigation of climate change. The usefulness of the Paris Agreement 2015 in mitigating climate change in Nigeria is contingent on the actual implementation of the Agreement, including the Nigerian NDCs. The Paris Climate Change Decision 2015 recognises and, emphasises that non-party stakeholders including civil societies have some vital roles to play in the successful implementation of the Agreement. This paper examines the role that the Network of Legal Aid Institutions (NULAI) Nigeria can play in the successful implementation of the Paris Climate Change Agreement 2015 in Nigeria, in the light of the recognised role of civil societies in this context. It argues that NULAI can use the instruments of litigation, street lawyering and advocacy to catalyse the successful implementation of the Agreement in Nigeria. On the one hand, it argues that there are possible limitations to the role of NULAI. One such defect is the absence of any justiciable right emanating solely from the Paris Agreement 2015 and, Nigerian NDCs. Another limitation is the low level of awareness of the international climate change law among student law clinicians and staff within the Nigerian universities. The paper concludes by making recommendations on how to surmount the identified problems. A key recommendation is the use of human-right based approached litigation to secure the enforcement of the provisions of the Nigerian NDCs and, the establishment of climate change focused law clinics.
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Usoro Mark Okono. "Qualities of a good essay: an assessment of the writings of Nigerian undergraduates." International Journal on Integrated Education 3, no. 7 (July 25, 2020): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i7.498.
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This research sought to discover the capabilities of Nigerian undergraduates in handling the salient characteristics of essay in English. Such qualities as clarity, economy, simplicity, unity and coherence were the variables in the assessment. The study was conducted within the framework of the theory of descriptive linguistics and its sub-discipline of stylistics. Four topics representing argumentative, descriptive, expository and narrative essays were given to students for each of them to voluntarily choose one and write on in a strictly supervised writing test. All the essays were marked on the above stated variables. Critical case sampling strand of the purposive sampling was used to select four outstanding essays each representing one of the four departments of the Akwa Ibom State University of Nigeria. Paragraph and sentence formed some of the units of analysis. It was found out that the four subjects whose essays were analyzed proved their mettle in producing readable and creative prose in the four genres with some room for improvement. It is suggested that the Use of English programme in Nigerian universities should be extended from one to two years in addition to regular practice in writing by students and feedback from lecturers.
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Nurwati, Nunung, Raden Marsha Aulia Hakim, and Erna Maulina. "Industrial Relation: A Comparative Study in Nigeria and Indonesia, Historical Perspective." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 5-1 (July 1, 2017): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0092.
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Abstract Indonesia and Nigeria are two countries with different histories. Both are countries once colonized by various colonial countries. The evolution of labor relations between Indonesia and Nigeria is interesting. From the perspective of history that originated from the invaders who entered what happens to both countries is one of the main attractions to examine the similarities and differences in the evolution of labor relations that occur from two different occupiers. This study examines the evolution of employment relation in developing countries, especially in Nigeria and Indonesia. This event occurred in Nigeria and Indonesia that began with the colonialist entry in both countries. This case study achieves through indepth descriptive and historical case study of the transfer of the British Voluntarist ERP to Nigeria and the history of Indonesian nationalism labor. A review of the literature of such transfer of management practices reveals that there are so much different in both perspectives of change. In an attempt to make this study can explain better about the difference, this study relies on descriptive and historical sources on the transfer of employment relation practice. The finding confirms that both countries have so many differences from many aspects.
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Ogun, Olufunmilola A. "Encouraging Subspecialty Practice by Constructively Influencing Trainees Early in their Careers Will Improve Advocacy for Neuro-Ophthalmology among Nigerian Ophthalmologists." Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 3 (January 2016): JMECD.S40794. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/jmecd.s40794.
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This study was conducted to assess the current knowledge, attitude, and perception of Nigerian ophthalmologists toward neuro-ophthalmology; identify barriers to the uptake of neuro-ophthalmology as a desired subspecialty; and make recommendations to improve interest in neuro-ophthalmology training. This was a cross-sectional survey of ophthalmology consultants and trainees from the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria, who were attending a national ophthalmology conference. All consenting respondents voluntarily completed a validated self-administered questionnaire. There were 107 respondents comprising 56 males and 51 females. Majority (54.2%) of respondents were aged 40 years and younger. Almost half (47.8%) worked at tertiary level, public health institutions. Only 10.3% worked in private practice. Neuro-ophthalmology exposure was short and occurred mainly during residency (65.7%), while 15% had no exposure at all. Most (80.4%) indicated only nominal interest in neuro-ophthalmology, while only 4.6% indicated a desire to specialize in the field. Financial constraint was the main obstacle to the pursuit of subspecialty training. A total of 86% of respondents admitted that full (34%) or partial (52%) Funding would motivate them to pursue the training. Among respondents desiring part sponsorship, more than half were willing to augment such sponsorship with personal funds. In conclusion, career interest in neuro-ophthalmology is very low among Nigerian ophthalmologists. Late and limited exposure to neuro-ophthalmology during medical training may be contributing factors. Early exposure to neuro-ophthalmology during medical school rotations, coupled with the provision of sponsored subspecialty training opportunities, will serve to increase enrollment in the field.
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LADAN, USMAN, and COLIN C. WILLIAMS. "EVALUATING THEORIZATIONS OF INFORMAL SECTOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP: SOME LESSONS FROM ZAMFARA, NIGERIA." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 24, no. 04 (December 2019): 1950022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946719500225.
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The aim of this paper is to evaluate critically four competing theories that variously explain informal sector entrepreneurship as a traditional activity that has not yet been incorporated into the modern system (modernization theory), a form of production integral to contemporary capitalism conducted by marginalized population groups as a survival strategy (structuralist theory), a voluntarily chosen endeavor and popular reaction to excessive regulation by the state (neo[Formula: see text]liberal theory) or a voluntarily chosen practice conducted for social, redistributive, political resistance or identity reasons (post-structuralist theory). Reporting the results of face[Formula: see text]to[Formula: see text]face interviews with 215 informal entrepreneurs in Zamfara, a tropical region in Nigeria, the finding is that no one theory is universally valid. Instead, each theory is valid in relation to different groups of entrepreneur and only by combining all of them can a finer-grained and more nuanced explanation of the complex and heterogeneous character of informal sector entrepreneurship be achieved.
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Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Boniface Ayanbekongshie Ushie, Ekerette Emmanuel Udoh, Kelechi Elizabeth Oladimeji, Olusoji Mayowa Ige, Olusegun Obasanya, Daisy Lekharu, et al. "Psychosocial wellbeing of patients with multidrug resistant tuberculosis voluntarily confined to long-term hospitalisation in Nigeria." BMJ Global Health 1, no. 3 (October 2016): e000006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2015-000006.
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Nwankwo, Clementina U., and Chidum E. Ezenwaka. "Perception of registered nurses and midwives on maternal health education in Nigeria." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 9, no. 1 (September 17, 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v9n1p70.
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Objective: To assess the views of Nigerian Nurses and Midwives on Maternal Health Education (MHE) and the barriers to its implementation.Methods: A total of 238 qualified nurses and midwives who participated in Mandatory Continuing Professional Development Programme (MCPDP) in South-eastern state of Nigeria voluntarily completed the self-administered research questionnaire. To avoid receiving duplicate copies of the questionnaires, all were serially numbered and all personal identifiers were removed. Of 348 participants that completed the questionnaires, only 238 met the inclusion criteria which included experience in antenatal clinics and qualifications in midwifery.Results: The majority of the study participants (86%) had both nursing and midwifery qualifications and the majority (98%) believed that MHE is beneficial to pregnant mothers particularly in reducing maternal morbidity and mortality (95.3%). A high percentage of the respondents (92%) agreed that MHE should be intensified for pregnant mothers in their work places. The identified major barriers to MHE include attitude of some health professionals (79%), some cultural practices (77%), inadequate economic resources (75%) and insufficient health personnel (71%). 18% of the respondents agreed that the hospital policy of their work places does not promote MHE.Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that nurses and midwives are aware of the importance of MHE in reducing maternal mortality and morbidity. There are still negative perceptions on the preparedness of the healthcare institutions towards MHE coupled with economic and cultural barriers. We recommend integrated MHE in the antenatal care plans of the pregnant woman.
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Omodero, Cordelia Onyinyechi. "The Consequences of Shadow Economy and Corruption on Tax Revenue Performance in Nigeria." Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 29, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sues-2019-0012.
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Abstract Shadow economy and corruption are the two harmful activities that do not work in the favour of tax revenue performance. As a result it renders an effective government incapacitated and unable to carry out its social responsibilities. This study considers the effect of the informal economy and graft on tax revenue performance in Nigeria using secondary data that cover a period from 1996 to 2018. This period has been covered by the corruption perception index captured by the Transparency International for Nigeria. Despite the theoretical approaches available in measuring the size of the shadow economy, the ordinary least squares technique is specifically used to perform the multi-regression analysis to arrive at the empirical results which indicate that both the shadow economy and corruption have negative influences on tax revenue performance in Nigeria, although the negative impact of corruption on tax revenue is more robust and significant. Thus, the study suggests among others that the government should step up action against corruption and also address the root causes of shadow economy in order to make the participants of the informal sector willing to formalize their businesses and voluntarily comply with tax payment obligations.
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BANKOLE, Akanji Rafiu, and Michael Adekunle ODERINDE. "COLLABORATIVE NEGOTIATION STRATEGY: A PANACEA FOR SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL PEACE IN THE EDUCATIONAL SECTOR OF NIGERIA." LASU Journal of Employment Relations & Human Resource Management 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/ljerhrm/8102.01.0163.
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The persistent occurrence of industrial conflict in Nigeria educational sector particularly at tertiary level has apparently impacted negatively on the standard of education in the country. Past studies had traced the frequency of industrial actions in tertiary institutions to the type of negotiation strategy often employed by both labour leaders and management representatives. This study therefore examined the available negotiation strategies with a view to identifying the appropriate one and subsequently suggests what could be done for the two parties to voluntarily embrace the negotiation strategy considered appropriate and effective to achieve sustainable industrial peace. Using the archival method, the study observed that competing negotiation strategy was predominantly used in the tertiary institutions in Nigeria. And due to the confrontational and judgemental nature of the strategy, it could not stem the tide of incessant incidences of industrial action. Also, the study observed that the choice of competing negotiation strategy by both parties was probably due to their negative perception about each other and their behavioural orientation that is grossly defective. Based on the observation and the theoretical framework, it was suggested that training programme on some identified Behaviour Modification Skills (BMS) be organized for both parties. It is anticipated that by acquiring the skills, both parties would consciously change their negative perception to positive and their behavioural orientation would equally be enhanced. Thus, both parties would be willing to apply voluntarily the collaborative negotiation strategy considered appropriate and effective to attain sustainable industrial peace in our tertiary institutions.
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Bankole, Akanji Rafiu, and Michael Adekunle Oderinde. "COLLABORATIVE NEGOTIATION STRATEGY: A PANACEA FOR SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL PEACE IN THE EDUCATIONAL SECTOR OF NIGERIA." LASU Journal of Employment Relations & Human Resource Management 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/ljerhrm/8102.01.0162.
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The persistent occurrence of industrial conflict in Nigeria educational sector particularly at tertiary level has apparently impacted negatively on the standard of education in the country. Past studies had traced the frequency of industrial actions in tertiary institutions to the type of negotiation strategy often employed by both labour leaders and management representatives. This study therefore examined the available negotiation strategies with a view to identifying the appropriate one and subsequently suggests what could be done for the two parties to voluntarily embrace the negotiation strategy considered appropriate and effective to achieve sustainable industrial peace. Using the archival method, the study observed that competing negotiation strategy was predominantly used in the tertiary institutions in Nigeria. And due to the confrontational and judgemental nature of the strategy, it could not stem the tide of incessant incidences of industrial action. Also, the study observed that the choice of competing negotiation strategy by both parties was probably due to their negative perception about each other and their behavioural orientation that is grossly defective. Based on the observation and the theoretical framework, it was suggested that training programme on some identified Behaviour Modification Skills (BMS) be organized for both parties. It is anticipated that by acquiring the skills, both parties would consciously change their negative perception to positive and their behavioural orientation would equally be enhanced. Thus, both parties would be willing to apply voluntarily the collaborative negotiation strategy considered appropriate and effective to attain sustainable industrial peace in our tertiary institutions.
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Mackenzie, Pauline, and Kuang Ching Hei. "A COMPARISON OF THE SPEECH STYLES OF NIGERIAN AND CHINESE EFL LEARNERS IN MALAYSIA." Indonesian EFL Journal 1, no. 2 (September 12, 2017): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/ieflj.v1i2.625.
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This paper focused on the speech styles of two groups of learners, Nigerian learners with English as their official language and Chinese learners with English as a foreign language studying in Malaysia. A questionnaire was developed to extract personal details while a classroom task was given to gather data. Consent was given voluntarily. Spoken data were recorded, transcribed verbatim and then analyzed and findings were further substantiated by an interview. Analysis showed that Nigerian learners are less prone to using fillers as compared to Chinese EFL learners. This implied that Chinese EFL learners were less comfortable in using English. Both Nigerian and Chinese learners used the same amount of intensifiers suggesting that they do not feel passionate when talking about themselves, as the task demanded. The findings of this study will enable foreign language learners to understand themselves better and assist local teachers and classmates to be more tolerant when communicating with them as it can help to minimize misunderstandings. Nonetheless, further research may be required to verify the findings.Keywords: Speech styles, fillers, intensifiers, Nigerian, Chinese, EFL learners
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Owenvbiugie, Robinson Osarumwense, and Jane Nwakego Egbri. "Unemployment in Nigeria: Can need for power improve the scourge?" International Business Education Journal 13 (October 15, 2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37134/ibej.vol13.sp.4.2020.
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The study described a Nigerian Government program called the Need for Power (N-Power) in reducing the unemployment rate. Questionnaires were distributed to 115 respondents sampled using an accidental sampling technique, and a descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the influence of N-Power in generating employment opportunities. The reliability of 0.81 was obtained with the use of the Cronbach alpha formula. From the result, N-Power Volunteer Corps, N-Power Builds, N-Power Creative, and N-Power Knowledge generated employment to a high extent. It was also concluded that males' employment opportunities generated by N-Power did not significantly differ from females'. Consequently, this study recommended that the Government listen to the beneficiaries' complaints to declare their actual income voluntarily, increase the monthly stipend of N10,000 per month to encourage more youths to participate in the program, and link training to job and labour market opportunities.
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Eze, Sunday C., and Adenike O. Bello. "Corporate Social Responsibility in Nigeria: A Critical Review of the Literature." International Journal of Business and Management Review 4, no. 10 (December 4, 2016): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijbmr.vol4.no10.p86-103.2021.
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The paper reviews existing literature on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to ascertain the level of corporate social responsibility activities that will enhance the performance/profitability of businesses in Nigeria. It revealed that the success of an organization depends on the extent to which the organization is capable of managing its relationship with key groups, such as financial and stakeholders, but also customers, employees, and even communities or societies. Stakeholders must be considered in the decision making process of the organization. CSR is a concept that includes many different activities and actions which businesses have to involve themselves in for the purpose growth sustainability and growth of businesses. Businesses that voluntarily participates in local community development, such as providing the community with donations, assisting them with projects and sharing some of its profit with the community, helps to increase the business profitability in the long-run.
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Biemann, Ursula. "Remotely Sensed: A Topography of the Global Sex Trade." Feminist Review 80, no. 1 (July 2005): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400216.
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Voluntarily or not, women are moved in great numbers from Manila to Nigeria, from Burma to Thailand, and from post-socialist countries to Western Europe: female geobodies in the flow of global capitalism. The recently released 53-minute video essay Remote Sensing by the Swiss artist and video director Ursula Biemann traces the routes and reasons of women who migrate into the global sex industry. Taking a geographical approach to trafficking, the video develops a particular visual language generated by new media and satellite technologies, which traces the migration of women in the age of digital images. All stills are taken from the video that was shot in the Philippines, Thailand, California, and the German–Czech border.
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Nwakamma, Ikenna J., Carol S. Talla, Stephanie E. Kei, Genevieve C. Okoro, Godwin Asuquo, and Kema A. Onu. "Adolescent and Young People's Utilization of HIV/Sexual and Reproductive Health Services: Comparing Health Facilities and Mobile Community Outreach Centers." International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health 3, no. 2 (August 8, 2019): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.74.
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Background/Objectives: Demand creation for uptake of HIV and sexual reproductive health (HIV/SRH) services among adolescents and young people (AYP) in Nigeria is challenging. This study compares the reach, and utilization patterns, and factors that drive the patterns of utilization of HIV/SRH services by AYP in mobile outreach service centers and health care facilities in Nigeria's capital city.
Methods: Data were obtained from service exit surveys and HIV/SRH service utilization records in selected health facilities and mobile testing outreaches from January to April 2018. The service providers were provided a checklist to capture key information during their interaction with their AYP clients. Data were captured with Microsoft Excel, imported to and analysed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 16.
Results: Community-based mobile outreaches reached a significantly higher proportion of participants, with 88% of them from the community HIV testing points. Among the participants in the SRH service utilization assessment, 20 (15%) and 142 (19%) voluntarily asked for SRH-related information in the health facility and mobile outreach respectively; 53 (40%), and 224 (30%) accepted offer of SRH counselling in the health facility and mobile outreach respectively. There were significant differences in the waiting time for testing and waiting time for result collection at the mobile testing posts and the health facilities.
Conclusion and Implications for Translation: AYP friendly mobile community outreach model shows more promise in terms of reach and also seems to encourage voluntary request for HIV/SRH services among AYP. The costs and waiting times favor the mobile outreach model; however, the quality in terms of personnel and environment was an issue of concern. Hospitals are not providing friendly environments that encourage voluntary uptake of HIV/SRH services by AYPs. A model for AYPs should prioritize community based and friendly services with well-trained personnel in order to build the confidence of AYPs for improved SRH seeking behaviors.
Key words: • HIV • Sexual and reproductive Health • Adolescents and Young People • Preferences • Mobile outreaches services • Health facility testing • Abuja Nigeria
Copyright © 2019 Nwakamma et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.affect economic and health promotion.
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Eze, Monica Eberechukwu, Clement Chukwuma Okeji, and Gabriel Ejiobi Bosah. "Self-archiving options on social networks: a review of options." Library Hi Tech News 36, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhtn-12-2017-0091.
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Purpose The purpose of the study is to investigate the extent to which academic librarians in Nigerian universities utilize self-archiving options to make their research papers visible globally. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was designed using SurveyMonkey software to collect data from 394 academic librarians in Nigerian universities. Findings The study revealed that the academic librarians in Nigerian universities know and actually use self-archiving options such as ResearchGate, institutional repository and academia.edu to self-archive their publications. While, self-archiving platforms like Kudos, Mendeley.com and personal websites/servers are not popularly used by the academic librarians. Factors such as increased exposure to previously published work broadens the dissemination of academic research generally, which increases institutions’ visibility, were among the options the academic librarians indicated as very important factors that motivate them to contribute their scholarly output to self-archiving options. Practical implications The study called for academic librarians in developing countries to voluntarily sign-up to register with self-archiving options such as ResearchGate, Kudos, Mendeley.com, Academia.edu and others to enable them to self-archive their published papers for access globally by students, researchers. Originality/value Self-archiving of papers by authors will lead to an increased visibility of the author and possible citation of the work and chances of collaboration with international colleagues for research projects.
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Orji, Chinonyelu Jennie, Onyinye Hope Chime, and Edmund Onyemaechi Ndibuagu. "Vaccination status and prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among health-care workers in a tertiary health institution, Enugu State, Nigeria." Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare 29, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2010105820923681.
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Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health concern. The prevalence among health-care workers (HCWs) is about 13% in Nigeria. Although the vaccine has been found to be effective in preventing infection in 90–95% of recipients, its uptake among HCW is low. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and vaccination status of HCW in a tertiary health facility in Southeast Nigeria. Methods: The study was conducted at Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH) to mark the 2018 World Hepatitis Day. The HCWs were sensitised through handbills, posters, memo to the different departments and an awareness walk. HCWs who presented voluntarily were screened. Data were collected using a pro forma and analysed. Results: Out of the 1720 staff at ESUTH, 241 (14.0%) were screened; 33.2% were classified as clinical staff, 43.9% worked in clinical departments and 25.3% and 6.6% had been previously screened and vaccinated, respectively. Only 2.1% were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. Previous screening for hepatitis B, working in clinical departments and being a core clinical health worker were factors that were significantly associated with previous vaccination status. Positive predictors included previous screening and working in clinical departments. Conclusion/Recommendation: This study revealed low HBV screening and vaccination uptake among HCWs in Enugu state University Teaching hospital, and also low disease prevalence. Though the prevalence of HBV infection was low, organising more awareness-raising activities in the facility will improve prevention and further reduce prevalence.
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Karkarna, M. Z., and M. N. Danjuma. "Community Participation in Wildlife Management in Baturiya Sanctuary, Northwestern Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology 4, no. 1 (March 2020): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2020.01.0169.
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Human benefits from wildlife are apparently declining over decades as the extent and intensity of threat to protected areas continue. This study assessed nature of community participation in wildlife management in Baturiya Sanctuary with a view to providing information for active participation of communities in the management of this area. A total of five communities namely: Shinge (4km west), Illala (12km west), Kokiro (3km east), Zigobiya (7km east) and Abanaguwa (5km north) were purposively sampled based on their proximity to the sanctuary. Snowball sampling technique was used to select fifty-seven (57) participants for the survey. Questionnaire and Interview were conducted to elicit the knowledge and perspectives of participants on the role of community in wildlife management. Numerical values were analysed in percentage while chi-square was used to test the levels of participation among communities. Findings of this study indicate that only 18 of the 57 sampled participants are involved in wildlife management. It also shows that there is decrease and extinction of wildlife especially birds, primates and reptiles in the sanctuary. The study also found four categories of participants: active-voluntary, active-institutional, passive-voluntary and passive-institutional. It shows that 37.50% active and 62.50% are passive participants respectively. Benefits of community participation include control of poaching (43.85%) and control of trade in parts of animals (25%). Majority of the participants (83.33%) engage in wildlife management voluntarily based on perceived benefits derived from the sanctuary. Poor governance (43.85%) and weak community institutions (31.57%) are the main limitations to community participation in wildlife management. This study therefore recommended that community leaders and youth should be strengthened and officially recognized as stakeholders in wildlife management and governance of natural resources in Nigeria at large.
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Adedokun, Mary Olufunke, and Gladys Modupe Kayode. "Local Leadership Styles and Community Development: A Study of the Irasa Community of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria." Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal 2, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birle.v2i4.469.
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The assertion that the leadership style exhibited by the community leaders influenced the participations of community members in development activities was examined in this study using Irasa community in Ado-Ekiti as a case study. An instrument tagged ‘Questionnaire for Community Members’ was used for this study. The instrument was administered on thirty randomly selected respondents in the community. Information obtained revealed that respondents believed that community development involved setting up of goals which are done jointly through the involvement of all stake holders. Participation in Community Development Projects was not regarded as mandatory hence offenders were not liable to punishment. Also, the in-flow and out-flow of information were not restricted by the leaders and their directives were not strictly complied with. The leaders respected and protected the self esteems of the subjects. The leaders recognized the subjects’ worth and esteems, based their actions on trust, integrity, honesty, equality, openness and mutual respects. All these were features of democratic or participative leadership style. In conclusion, this study revealed that democratic leadership practised in the study area lends credence to the assertion that when good leadership is provided the people participate voluntarily in the accomplishment of stated objectives.
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Dr. Claude de Ville de Goyet. "Ayuda sanitaria internacional en las acciones de socorro: Preparación del personal sanitario local." Revista Internacional de la Cruz Roja 16, no. 107 (October 1991): 548–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0250569x00014345.
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Los desastres no son sólo graves accidentes; implican complejos problemas de salud pública que deben resolverse en circunstancias díficiles: dislocatión de los mecanismos normales de la sociedad; amplia cobertura de los medios informativos, que hace la situatión política delicada; enormes problemas logísticos; mala coordination, con frecuencia, de los organismos externos de ayuda. La norma es, en suma, que hay que tomar decisiones en un clima de incertidumbre. La gestióon de la informatión, y no la de la asistencia médica a los pacientes, es a menudo el principal desafío con el que se enfrentan los dirigentes y los voluntarios en la etapa inicial de la ayuda en casos de desastre.El concepto de la gestión de los desastres ha evolucionado considerablemente en las dos últimas décadas. A comienzos de los años 70, la comunidad internacional se estaba apenas recuperando de los esfuerzos, ampliamente publicitados, para socorrer a las victimas de Biafra —guerra civil en Nigeria—, cuando fue conmovida por las noticias de un ciclón/maremoto de una violencia sin precedentes en Bangladesh.
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AJ, Omotoso, Chinenye Nwosu, Ekpe EL, Ekpe SL, Kingsley A, and Usene O. "Association between Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index (Bmi) and Age amongst Women in a Community in Cross River State of Nigeria." International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Invention 5, no. 3 (March 19, 2018): 3630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v5i3.14.
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BACKGROUND: High body mass index (obesity) is a great health threat to aging individuals which results in increased blood pressure.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Study was carried out in four different communities namely: Ikom, Akamkpa, Calabar South and Calabar Municipal of Cross River State, Nigeria. It was carried out amongst 130 women who voluntarily gave their consent during a cervical screening done in their various locations during the period of December 2016 to January 2017 in Cross River State, Nigeria. Blood pressure was measured using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer to obtain both the diastolic and systolic blood pressure of the various individuals. The height and weight were obtained using a weighing balance and a stadiometer respectively to get the weight and height. It was summarized age group wise and cut off points gotten from the individuals and reviewed using the WHO classification of body mass index classification. Data obtained were presented using frequencies and percentages.
RESULTS: Underweight individuals (8)had a total percentage of 6.15%.A total of 46(35.40%) of the individuals were of normal weight..46 and 30 of the individuals had a percentage of 35.40% and 23.08%respectively(overweight and obese).A maximum number of the individuals were normal(were neither prehypertensive nor hypertensive). 49 and 19 individuals were prehypertensive in systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively and 7 and 16 were hypertensive in systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively.
CONCLUSION: A high body mass index and hypertension correlate with advancing age. and can be prevented by living an acceptable lifestyle devoid of it Triggers like alcohol, smoking ,reduced salt intake etc and having a regular routine check-up done periodically.
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Emmanuel, Andy, and Sheila Elizabeth Clow. "Factors Associated With Timely Initiation of Breastfeeding and Prelacteal Feeding in North-Central Nigeria." International Journal of Childbirth 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/ijcbirth-d-19-00027.
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OBJECTIVEDelay in initiation of breastfeeding after birth is associated with the introduction of other feeds. It has been recommended that all women should initiate breastfeeding within the first hour after birth. Early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding could reasonably reduce neonatal deaths. The aim of this study was to assess the initiation of breastfeeding and prelacteal feeding in Plateau State, Nigeria.MATERIALS AND METHODA cross-sectional design was adopted for the study. A total of 763 women drawn equally from the three senatorial zones of the state voluntarily completed a questionnaire. Results were analyzed using chi-squared statistics and regression analysis.RESULTSFindings show that 33.1% of women initiated breastfeeding in a timely manner. The relationships between the timely initiation of breastfeeding and the use of pain relief, maternal age, maternal employment, economic status, influence of family and friends, and advertisement were found to be statistically significant. Furthermore, 92% gave breast milk for the first feed, while 8% gave infant formula, glucose, herbs, or water. Inadequate breast milk production, delayed initiation of breastfeeding, and health conditions were factors identified as responsible for prelacteal feeding.CONCLUSIONThe proportion of women who initiated feeding in a timely manner was low, which underscores the need to promote and support early initiation of breastfeeding in the state. There is thus a need for a public education campaign, particularly directed at women receiving antenatal care, and focusing on the need for establishing feeding early. Women with health challenges and those with a history of poor milk production may require additional support to breastfeed as recommended.
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Omoteso, Kamil, and Hakeem Yusuf. "Accountability of transnational corporations in the developing world." critical perspectives on international business 13, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-08-2014-0040.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contend that the dominant voluntarism approach to the accountability of transnational corporations (TNCs) is inadequate and not fit-for-purpose. The authors argue for the establishment of an international legal mechanism for securing the accountability of TNCs, particularly in the context of developing countries with notoriously weak governance mechanisms to protect all relevant stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts insights from the fields of management and international law to draw out synergies from particular understandings of corporate governance, corporate social responsibility and international human rights. The challenges to governance in developing countries with regard to securing the accountability of TNCs are illustrated with the Nigerian experience of oil-industry legislation reform. Findings The specific context of the experiences of developing countries in Africa on the operations of TNCs particularly commends the need and expedience to create an international legal regime for ensuring the accountability of TNCs. Originality/value Mainstream research in this area has focused mainly on self and voluntary models of regulation and accountability that have privileged the legal fiction of the corporate status of TNCs. This paper departs from that model to argue for an enforceable model of TNC’s accountability – based on an international mechanism.
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Damulak, O. D., E. D. Jatau, E. Ekam, E. Rumji, R. Yakubu, B. Ogunbiyi, T. Abdulrazak, and G. N. Chizoba. "Blood Transfusion Service and Hospital Blood Rotation: The Implications on Transfusion Safety in Nigeria." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 2, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.107.
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Blood donation is not readily an altruistic sacrifice in sub-Saharan Africa where microbial infections, maternal haemorrhages, malaria and other tropical diseases that frequently require blood transfusion are daily diagnoses. Blood transfusion safety is hindered by the combined prevailing high rate of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) and poor screening techniques. This study determined the rate of Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) positive reactions to transfusion-transmissible infections in rapid diagnostic test negative family replacement blood units, compared to the first time voluntarily donated blood. We studied records of blood units collected in a tertiary hospital from donors who scaled pre-donation Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) screening for the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses and syphilis and rescreened by ELISA techniques at the National Blood Transfusion Service Centre in Jos, along with units from first-time voluntary blood donors. A total of 19562 blood units; 5945 (30.39%) rapid diagnostic tests negative from a linkage hospital and 13617 (69.61%) from first time voluntary donors were screened by ELISA methods for HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis. The overall TTIs detected by ELISA was 16.08%, significantly lower among pre-donation rapid screened family replacement blood donors [495(8.32%)] compared to 2651 (19.47%) among first-time voluntary donors; P=0.0001. Fifty-seven (0.96%) HIV, 166 (2.79%) HBV, 137 (2.31%) HCV and 137 (2.31%) syphilis were still detected respectively by ELISA in the pre-screened negative family replacement blood units. The outcome of ELISA screenings of blood collected from first-time volunteer donors were; 143 (1.05%) HIV, 1,486 (10.91%) HBV, 683 (5.02%) HCV, and 339 (2.49%) syphilis. Blood for transfusion should be screened negative at least with ELISA.
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Damulak, O. D., E. D. Jatau, E. Ekam, E. Rumji, R. Yakubu, B. Ogunbiyi, T. Abdulrazak, and G. N. Chizoba. "Blood Transfusion Service and Hospital Blood Rotation: The Implications on Transfusion Safety in Nigeria." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 2, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.v2.i1.2019.107.
Full textAbstract:
Blood donation is not readily an altruistic sacrifice in sub-Saharan Africa where microbial infections, maternal haemorrhages, malaria and other tropical diseases that frequently require blood transfusion are daily diagnoses. Blood transfusion safety is hindered by the combined prevailing high rate of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) and poor screening techniques. This study determined the rate of Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) positive reactions to transfusion-transmissible infections in rapid diagnostic test negative family replacement blood units, compared to the first time voluntarily donated blood. We studied records of blood units collected in a tertiary hospital from donors who scaled pre-donation Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) screening for the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses and syphilis and rescreened by ELISA techniques at the National Blood Transfusion Service Centre in Jos, along with units from first-time voluntary blood donors. A total of 19562 blood units; 5945 (30.39%) rapid diagnostic tests negative from a linkage hospital and 13617 (69.61%) from first time voluntary donors were screened by ELISA methods for HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis. The overall TTIs detected by ELISA was 16.08%, significantly lower among pre-donation rapid screened family replacement blood donors [495(8.32%)] compared to 2651 (19.47%) among first-time voluntary donors; P=0.0001. Fifty-seven (0.96%) HIV, 166 (2.79%) HBV, 137 (2.31%) HCV and 137 (2.31%) syphilis were still detected respectively by ELISA in the pre-screened negative family replacement blood units. The outcome of ELISA screenings of blood collected from first-time volunteer donors were; 143 (1.05%) HIV, 1,486 (10.91%) HBV, 683 (5.02%) HCV, and 339 (2.49%) syphilis. Blood for transfusion should be screened negative at least with ELISA.
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Damulak, O. D., E. D. Jatau, E. Ekam, E. Rumji, R. Yakubu, B. Ogunbiyi, T. Abdulrazak, and G. N. Chizoba. "Blood Transfusion Service and Hospital Blood Rotation: The Implications on Transfusion Safety in Nigeria." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 2, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp2i1.2019107.
Full textAbstract:
Blood donation is not readily an altruistic sacrifice in sub-Saharan Africa where microbial infections, maternal haemorrhages, malaria and other tropical diseases that frequently require blood transfusion are daily diagnoses. Blood transfusion safety is hindered by the combined prevailing high rate of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) and poor screening techniques. This study determined the rate of Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) positive reactions to transfusion-transmissible infections in rapid diagnostic test negative family replacement blood units, compared to the first time voluntarily donated blood. We studied records of blood units collected in a tertiary hospital from donors who scaled pre-donation Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) screening for the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses and syphilis and rescreened by ELISA techniques at the National Blood Transfusion Service Centre in Jos, along with units from first-time voluntary blood donors. A total of 19562 blood units; 5945 (30.39%) rapid diagnostic tests negative from a linkage hospital and 13617 (69.61%) from first time voluntary donors were screened by ELISA methods for HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis. The overall TTIs detected by ELISA was 16.08%, significantly lower among pre-donation rapid screened family replacement blood donors [495(8.32%)] compared to 2651 (19.47%) among first-time voluntary donors; P=0.0001. Fifty-seven (0.96%) HIV, 166 (2.79%) HBV, 137 (2.31%) HCV and 137 (2.31%) syphilis were still detected respectively by ELISA in the pre-screened negative family replacement blood units. The outcome of ELISA screenings of blood collected from first-time volunteer donors were; 143 (1.05%) HIV, 1,486 (10.91%) HBV, 683 (5.02%) HCV, and 339 (2.49%) syphilis. Blood for transfusion should be screened negative at least with ELISA.
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Olowokere, A. E., and MI I. Ojo. "CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING KNOWLEDGE AND UTILISATION AMONG RURAL WOMEN IN IFE EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OSUN STATE IN NIGERIA." Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery 16, no. 1 (September 10, 2016): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-5293/1495.
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Cervical cancer is a deadly disease claiming the lives of many women in developing countries due to late presentation which might be influenced by a lack of knowledge of the disease and its prevention. This descriptive study examined the knowledge of rural women about cervical cancer and its prevention, and their utilisation of Pap smear screening, using a convenience sample of 426 women in Ife East Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. Women voluntarily completed an unstructured questionnaire through trained research assistants. Results showed that women who participated in the study were aware of cervical cancer (77%; n=328) but many (62.9%; n= 268) were unaware of Pap smears as the screening tests for cervical cancer. Although 41.3% (n=176) were knowledgeable about cervical cancer, risk factors and prevention, only 9.4% (n=40) had Pap smear tests done. Health care professionals, especially community health nurses, need to intensify efforts to increase awareness about cervical cancer screening, and encourage women through the different clinics to use these services. The benefits of screening and early diagnosis of cervical cancer should be emphasized to enhance the utilization of cervical cancer screening services.
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Emmanuel, Andy, and Sheila E. Clow. "Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding and overall duration of breastfeeding among mothers in Plateau, Nigeria." African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 15, no. 2 (April 2, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ajmw.2019.0027.
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Background It is recommended that infants should be fed exclusively with breast milk for the first 6 months, and up to 2 years after birth. This has the potential to improve child survival in limited resource settings. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of exclusive breastfeeding and overall duration of breastfeeding among pregnant mothers in Plateau, Nigeria. Method This was a cross-sectional study involving 763 pregnant mothers attending antenatal clinics in the three senatorial districts of Plateau state, who completed a validated questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained, and all women participated voluntarily. Data were coded and analysed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression, with P<0.05 considered significant. Results Overall, 84.4% of mothers were exclusively breastfeeding at discharge or 48 hours after birth. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months was practiced by 36.2% of respondents. Exclusive breastfeeding rates showed a decline as infant age increased. Women with fewer than five children were 2.3 times more likely to feed their baby other foods within the first 6 months than those with five or more children (P=0.001). The average overall duration of breastfeeding was 15 (standard deviation±4) months. Women less than 30 years old were 2.4 times more likely to breastfeed for a shorter period of time, compared to women who were 30 years or older (P<0.001). Chi-square analysis suggested a significant relationship between place of delivery, type of delivery, parity and infant feeding practices. Conclusions Exclusive breastfeeding was not common among the women who participated in this study and declined with increased infant age. The overall duration of breastfeeding was 15 months, which is less than the recommended 2 years. Maternal age, place of delivery, type of delivery and parity were found to influence exclusive breastfeeding and overall breastfeeding. Understanding current practices and factors that influence breastfeeding is important to implement strategies that will empower mothers to breastfeed exclusively. Identifying the cultural practices that act as barriers to early breastfeeding is necessary for the drafting of future interventions to promote breastfeeding.
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Oguntayo, Rotimi, Samson F. Agberotimi, Johnson T. Oyeleke, Abayomi O. Olaseni, and Adam A. Ayinde. "Psychosocial Factors Influencing Learning Difficulties Among Individuals with Special Needs." European Review Of Applied Sociology 13, no. 20 (June 1, 2020): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eras-2020-0004.
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AbstractThis study examined the influence of psychosocial factors on learning difficulties among adolescents with special needs. A cross-sectional survey design was utilized. One hundred and twenty adolescents comprising 56.7% males were purposively selected among students at a facility for special needs individuals in Ilorin, Nigeria. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire containing perceived stigma of intellectual disability scale, social support questionnaire and Colorado learning difficulties questionnaire. Only individuals who voluntarily consented to participate were included in the study. Data were subjected to statistical analysis utilizing the SPSS v20. There was no significant gender difference on learning difficulties among individuals with special needs (t (118) =. 138, p>.05). Individuals with high perceived stigma reported significant higher learning difficulties compared to their peers with low perceived stigma (t (118) = 15.70; p˂.05). There was a significant influence of type of disability on learning difficulty (F (2, 117) =9.152, p< .01); individuals with intellectual impairment exhibited more learning difficulty compared with those with visual impairment (8.09) and those with hearing impairment (11.62). The study recommends that government should reinforce law that protect individuals living with disability and enhance their learning in schools. It is also important that sufficient support services are made available for these students to reinforce their motivation for school learning.
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Amoo, Emmanuel O., Gbemisola W. Samuel, Mofoluwake P. Ajayi, Tolulope Allo, Olujide Adekeye, and Adebanke Olawole-Isaac. "Spousal Desertion and Coping Strategies among Ever-married Women with Breast Cancer in Kwara and Ogun States Nigeria." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, E (June 10, 2020): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.3538.
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AIM: The study examined the coping strategies among ever-married women with breast cancer in disrupted marriages (divorced, separated, or living-alone ever-married women) who also have limited access to social support.
METHODS: Data for the study were extracted from 2015 behavioral risk factors for breast and cervical cancers in two states of Nigeria. Respondents for the study were identified through three approaches: (1) Self-reported disclosure of breast cancer, (2) informant-leading approach, and (3) outpatients located in oncological specialized health facilities and herbal homes. Formal approval was sought from the management of selected health facilities and community leaders. The respondents also voluntarily shared their experiences after obtaining their informed consent. Textual data obtained from a total of nine breast cancer survivors and patients identified and interviewed were analyzed for this study, using framework and content analytic procedures. The results were presented as excerpts and in themes.
RESULTS: Results revealed two categories of respondents: (1) Breast cancer survivors/patients with husband and (2) those without husbands. Common perspectives were regrets, loss of intimacy, and determination to survive. Basic coping strategies identified are seeking medical support, resignation to fate, and involvement in religion activities. The study concludes that a partner’s support was a great yearning for survivors/patients.
CONCLUSION: The authors recommended counseling on partner’s assistance among spouses, especially during sicknesses and diseases. It is also important to raise awareness of the risk factors of breast cancer and the need for constant check-ups among women in the study locations, and by extension, other sub-Saharan African countries.
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Popoola, Sunday O., Olabode O. Akintoye, Olagoke O. Erinomo, Oyesanmi A. Fabunmi, and Samuel A. Dada. "INVESTIGATION INTO IRRITANT CONSEQUENCES OF EMBALMING CHEMICALS ON RESPIRATORY TRACTS OF EMBALMERS Investigación sobre las consecuencias irritantes de los productos químicos de embalaje en los tractos respiratorios de los embalsantes." Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica 11, no. 3 (November 20, 2019): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31051/1852.8023.v11.n3.25477.
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Exposure to toxic substances including embalming chemicals was established as health hazard depending on specific properties of contaminant, exposure situations and individual’s health status. Health hazards from embalming practices amongst a fraction of licenced embalmers were investigated: auditing safety and comfortability in embalmment, demonstration of respiratory occupational health hazards and analysis of basic precautionary measures in embalmment. Study conducted in hospitals’ mortuaries and anatomic laboratories. A proforma designed for collection of data was categorized into 4-sections: socio-demographics; mortuary design; pre-employment assessment; and respiratory function. Mortuaries/anatomic laboratories across Ekiti, Nigeria were scheduled by a team of investigators administering proforma on each centre and individuals involved. Controls were drawn from other workers outside embalming/anatomy departments of same institution. Data collated and analysed with statistical-significance as p<0.05. Sixty-eight workers participated with 34 each for case and control. Embalmers’ highest age-group (18-44years) constituted 17(50.0%). Religion: Christianity 31(91.2%) and Islam 3(8.8%). Education: primary 6(17.6%); secondary 14(41.2%) and tertiary 14(41.2%). Respiratory rates, forced expiratory volumes within 1-second and maximum voluntary volumes were statistically-significant while relative differences were observed in tidal volumes. Concordance test (p>0.05) showed inter-dependency amongst the parameters assessing respiratory function. Embalmment was dreadful on respiration of embalmers by deranging lung volumes. Approximative 6% of embalmers developed obstructive respiratory lesion equated to a disaster. Embalming centres in this locality, perhaps, Nigeria at large were rated low due to myriad of unwarranted exposure to embalming fluids. Standard and well-equipped mortuaries/anatomic laboratories were recommended in reducing to the barest minimum: dreadful effects of embalming chemicals, typically, Formaldehyde.
La exposición a sustancias tóxicas, incluidos los productos químicos de embalsamamiento, se estableció como un peligro para la salud dependiendo de las propiedades específicas de los contaminantes, las situaciones de exposición y el estado de salud del individuo. Se investigaron los riesgos para la salud de las prácticas de embalsamamiento entre una fracción de los embalsamadores autorizados: auditar la seguridad y la comodidad en el embalsamamiento, la demostración de los riesgos de salud ocupacional respiratoria y el análisis de las medidas de precaución básicas en el embalsamamiento. Estudio realizado en mortuorios y laboratorios anatómicos de hospitales. Un formulario diseñado para la recopilación de datos se clasificó en 4 secciones: sociodemográficas; diseño mortuorio; evaluación previa al empleo; y función respiratoria. Los laboratorios de anatomía / mortuorios en Ekiti, Nigeria, fueron programados por un equipo de investigadores que administraban proforma en cada centro e individuos involucrados. Los controles se obtuvieron de otros trabajadores fuera de los departamentos de embalsamamiento / anatomía de la misma institución. Datos recopilados y analizados con significación estadística como p <0,05. Sesenta y ocho trabajadores participaron con 34 cada uno por caso y control. El grupo de edad más alto de los embalsamadores (18-44 años) constituía 17 (50.0%). Religión: Cristianismo 31 (91,2%) e Islam 3 (8,8%). Educación: primaria 6 (17,6%); secundaria 14 (41,2%) y terciaria 14 (41,2%). Las tasas respiratorias, los volúmenes espiratorios forzados dentro de 1 segundo y los volúmenes voluntarios máximos fueron estadísticamente significativos, mientras que se observaron diferencias relativas en los volúmenes corrientes. La prueba de concordancia (p> 0.05) mostró interdependencia entre los parámetros que evalúan la función respiratoria. El embalsamamiento fue terrible en la respiración de los embalsamadores al alterar los volúmenes pulmonares. Aproximadamente el 6% de los embalsamadores desarrollaron una lesión respiratoria obstructiva equivalente a un desastre. Los centros de embalsamamiento en esta localidad, tal vez, Nigeria en general, recibieron una calificación baja debido a la miríada de exposición injustificada a los fluidos de embalsamamiento. Se recomendaron laboratorios mortuorios / anatómicos estándar y bien equipados para reducir al mínimo lo más mínimo posible: los terribles efectos de los productos químicos de embalsamamiento, por lo general, formaldehído.
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Galadanci, Najibah Aliyu, Shehu Umar Abdullahi, Leah Danielle Vance, Musa Tabari, Shehi Abubakar, Belonwu Raymond, Salihu Auwal, et al. "Feasibility Trial for Primary Stroke Prevention in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia in Nigeria (SPIN Trial)." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.122.122.
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Abstract Background: In children with sickle cell anemia (SCA), the routine use of transcranial Doppler (TCD) measurements and regular blood transfusion therapy for those with elevated velocities > 200 cm/sec, has dramatically decreased the rate of strokes. However, blood transfusion therapy for primary stroke prevention is not an option for most children in Africa. In preparation for a phase III trial of hydroxyurea therapy (20 mg/kg/day vs 10 mg/kg/day) for primary prevention of strokesin children with SCA in Africa, we conducted a single site, single-arm feasibility trial of hydroxyurea therapy for primary stroke prevention in children with SCA. Participants were between 5 and 12 years of age, attending the pediatric sickle cell disease clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, in Kano, Nigeria. The main objectives of the feasibility trial were to determine the acceptability rate of a hydroxyurea therapy trial to families, and to obtain preliminary evidence of hydroxyurea safety in Africa. Methods: All eligible participants were screened with TCD, non-imaging technique, to determine increased stroke risk; defined as time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV) greater than or equal to 200cm/sec in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Families were offered moderate fixed dose hydroxyurea (~20mg/kg/day) for initially 2 years. Primary outcome measures of acceptability were based on three key components required for phase II randomized controlled trial: recruitment rate, retention rate and adherence to the study medication. To determine the expected background rate of adverse events and serious adverse events in this population, children with TCD velocities less than 200cm/sec who were not on hydroxyurea therapy were enrolled. Results: A total of 375 families were approached to be screened for elevated TCD measurements, of which 90% (330 of 375) enrolled; 8% (27 of 330) had two consecutive elevated TCD measurements; and 92% (25 of 27) participated in the trial. A total of 210 participants were identified with TCD velocities less than 200 cm, signed informed consents, and agreed to be followed prospectively in a comparison group. The median age for the trial participants and comparison group were 8 and 6.8 years, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed in age, sex, ethnicity, height and weight of the treatment and comparison groups. The median time on therapy was 2.1 years (range: 0 to 2.8 years), and the average mean cell volume increased from 85 fl at baseline to 101.3 fl at 2 years. As per protocol, all patients were expected to attend monthly research visits and none were missed (n=total 603 visits). No participant in the treatment group dropped voluntarily from the trial, though one participant was withdrawn due to development of progressive renal failure. After follow up visits, participants in the comparison group with subsequent TCD measurements, were given the option to receive hydroxyurea therapy, and the only 2 with elevated TCD values elected to do so. No stroke occurred in the treatment group and 1 stroke occurred in the comparison group. Hospitalization rates in treatment and comparison groups were 35.1 and 48.0 per 100 patient years respectively, (p=0.06). A total of 9 deaths occurred, 1 death in the treatment group, but after participant withdrew from the trial because of progressive renal disease (1.76 per 100 patient-years) and 8 deaths in the comparison group (1·88 per 100 patient-years) p = 0.94. No participants that died received any PCV-13 vaccinations and only 2 received Hib vaccinations. At the time of death, all participants were prescribed malaria prophylaxis, and 8 of 9 participants were prescribed penicillin prophylaxis. Conclusion: In Nigeria, participants in SPIN Trial with elevated TCD measurements treated with moderate dose of hydroxyurea, showed high rates of successful recruitment, retention and adherence rates to trial medication. Importantly hydroxyurea therapy did not reveal any evidence of excessive toxicity when compared to those not treated with hydroxyurea. Our results provide strong preliminary evidence supporting the current multi-center randomized controlled trial comparing hydroxyurea therapy (20 mg/kg/day vs 10 mg/kg/day) for preventing primary strokes in children with SCA living in Nigeria (1R01NS094041-01;clinical trials.gov NCT 02560935). Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Onyenweaku, Eridiong O., H. Kesa, and AK Tchuenchieu. "Special COVID-19 Preventive Diets Consumed in sub-Saharan Africa during the Lockdown." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 21, no. 06 (August 7, 2021): 18192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.101.20775.
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COVID-19 is nowadays considered a pandemic whose mortality rate is clearly higher in developed countries. In contrast to predictions, Africa appears as one of the least affected continents. This pilot study was designed with the aim of identifying the various foods/drinks consumed in various sub-Saharan countries under partial or total lockdown to prevent the disease. In this condition, a cross-sectional online survey was carried out for six weeks (June/July, 2020). A total of 817 people from Cameroon (246), Ethiopia (35), Ghana (57), Kenya (87), Nigeria (211) and South Africa (181) voluntarily took part to this study. Among them, 51.7% reported consuming nothing special for COVID-19 prevention. On the other hand, foods/drinks consumed by the rest of the respondents for therapeutic purposes were grouped into five classes; infusions made from spices, honey and fruits (like lemon, lime, ginger and garlic) were the most popularly consumed class followed by fruits and vegetables. Two other groups related to medicinal plants consisted of ‘Bark Infusions and decoctions’ mainly of Kinkeliba (Combretum micranthum) or Quinquina (Cinchona officinalis), as well as ‘Maceration, decoction or infusion of Neem leaves or Artemisia. These were mainly consumed in Cameroon. Another group was ‘local beverages’ like those from Hibiscus, beetroot or lemonade. The last group was represented by those consuming conventional medicines/supplements especially Vitamin C and Zinc. This was mainly the case in South Africa. Globally, females, white people (race) and those affluent (income) had a significantly higher tendency to consume conventional medicines (p<0.05). Up to 70% of the respondents believed the cited special diets/drinks could be helpful in boosting the immune system. The majority reported informing themselves through social media, friends and relatives. A systematic review of the healthy properties and antiviral potential of the identified special foods, therefore, becomes a prerequisite for prioritizing and promoting them in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Sherwood, Jennifer, Elise Lankiewicz, Beirne Roose-Snyder, Bergen Cooper, Austin Jones, and Brian Honermann. "The role of contraception in preventing HIV-positive births: global estimates and projections." BMC Public Health 21, no. 1 (March 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10570-w.
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Abstract Background Meeting the contraceptive needs of women living with HIV (WLHIV) has primary health benefits for women, in addition to being a key element to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission. This analysis will estimate the current number of infant HIV infections prevented by contraception in the era of increased HIV treatment coverage and; 2) model the additional HIV benefits of preventing unintended births to WLHIV. Methods Secondary data analysis was conducted using publicly available data from the United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and Population Division, Demographic Health Surveys, and peer-review literature. National data from 70 countries, that had a UNAIDS estimate for the number of WLHIV nationally, were combined into country-level models. Models estimated the current number of infant HIV infections averted by contraception annually and potentially averted if unintended births to WLHIV were prevented. Estimates take into account pregnancy and live birth rates, contraceptive coverage, contraceptive method mix and failure rates, and HIV treatment coverage during pregnancy to prevent mother to child transmission. Results Contraception use among WLHIV prevents an estimated 43,559 new infant HIV infections annually across 70 countries. Countries with the largest number of infant infections averted by contraception included South Africa (9441), Nigeria (4195), Kenya (3508), Zimbabwe (2586), and India (2145). Preventing unintended births to WLHIV could avert an additional 43,768 new infant infections per year, with the greatest potential gains to be made in South Africa (12,036), Nigeria (2770), Uganda (2552), and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2324). Conclusions Contraception continues to play an integral role in global HIV prevention efforts in the era of increasing HIV treatment coverage, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Broad contraceptive availability, increased contraceptive voluntarism and method mix are key components to preventing unintended births and ending new infant HIV infections worldwide.
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Isaac, Odogu Laime, Obalakumo Pereowei Anderson, Odoko Dan, and Dadowei Opritari Maxwell. "The Effect of Revenue from Taxation on Gross Domestic Product and Human Development Index in Nigeria." Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, May 3, 2021, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2021/v21i630386.
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Aims: This study investigates the effect of revenue from taxation on gross domestic product and human development index in Nigeria. Secondary data is used from the Central Bank of Nigeria, the World Bank, and Federal Inland Revenue Service for this study.
Study Design: The Ex-post facto research design was used for the study.
Methodology: The study used secondary data and was conducted via the relevant econometric tests.
Result: The study reveals that revenues from taxation have effects on gross domestic product and human development index. Based on the result, the study concluded that taxation is an essential component of fiscal policy that the Nigerian government can use to stimulate economic development. Based on the conclusion, the study made the following recommendations amongst others that, government need to improve on the personal income tax collection process to enable more individuals disclose their income for tax assessment. This is because most self employed (skilled workers such as carpenters, bricklayers, welders, etc) Nigerians don’t pay income tax voluntarily. There should be an improvement in the value added tax administration in Nigeria to reduce the lack of accountability of VAT by the agents. The tax officials and other agents of the relevant tax authorities need to reduce their fraudulent activities with tax payers to increase the amount of tax collected for the economic growth of Nigeria.
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Efobi, Uchenna, and Alheri Bwala. "Voluntarily Information Disclosure Practice of Listed Companies in Nigeria." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2378577.
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Danjuma, Ibrahim, and Gan Ching Chuan. "The Extent of Voluntariness in Plea Bargaining for Economic and Financial Crimes in Nigeria." IIUM Law Journal 23 (December 16, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v23i3.185.
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The concept of plea bargaining has globally been recognised and applied in criminal trials so as to enable the accused person to have lighter punishment or to be charge with a lesser offence in a criminal court, while the prosecutor on the other hand will secure conviction. Plea bargaining accommodates the consensual agreement between an accused person and the prosecutor in respect of the case against the accused which is subject to court’s approval or acceptance. In Nigeria, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) is empowered by law to compound offences and to dispose financial and other related offences against the accused persons. Hence, EFCC uses its discretion to apply plea bargaining to some of the cases it prosecutes with the aim of securing conviction and to recover the illegally acquired property from the accused. In the case of Dieprieye Alamiesiegha, after an agreement was reached between him and the prosecutor (EFCC), instead of him pleading guilty as required by law in Nigeria, he explained the reasons why he pleaded guilty. This article examines the cases of plea bargaining in Nigeria and analyses whether or not the admission of guilt by the accused is voluntarily made or is motivated and influenced by some extraneous factors. This article finds that based on the cases analysed, the acceptance of plea bargaining in Nigeria by the accused persons as applied by the EFCC were not made freely and voluntarily as required by the law and best practices in other jurisdictions. This is because the accused persons were forced into it by some certain extraneous factors that were initiated and proffered by the EFCC against provision of the law.
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Prince Uche Amadi. "Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Human Rights Accountability in Nigerian Petroleum Industry: From Voluntarism to Legal Positivism." US-China Law Review 17, no. 6 (June 28, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.17265/1548-6605/2020.06.003.
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Oga-Omenka, Charity, Lawrence Wakdet, Dick Menzies, and Christina Zarowsky. "A qualitative meta-synthesis of facilitators and barriers to tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment in Nigeria." BMC Public Health 21, no. 1 (February 3, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10173-5.
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Abstract Background Despite progress in tuberculosis (TB) control globally, TB continues to be a leading cause of death from infectious diseases, claiming 1.2 million lives in 2018; 214,000 of these deaths were due to drug resistant strains. Of the estimated 10 million cases globally in 2018, 24% were in Africa, with Nigeria and South Africa making up most of these numbers. Nigeria ranks 6th in the world for TB burden, with an estimated 4.3% multi-drug resistance in new cases. However, the country had one of the lowest case detection rates, estimated at 24% of incident cases in 2018 - well below the WHO STOP TB target of 84%. This rate highlights the need to understand contextual issues influencing tuberculosis management in Nigeria. Our synthesis was aimed at synthesizing qualitative evidence on factors influencing TB care in Nigeria. Methods A three-stage thematic meta-synthesis of qualitative studies was used to identify barriers and facilitators to tuberculosis case finding and treatment in Nigeria. A search of eleven databases was conducted. The date of publication was limited to 2006 to June 2020. We analyzed articles using a three-stage process, resulting in coding, descriptive subthemes and analytical themes. Results Our final synthesis of 10 articles resulted in several categories including community and family involvement, education and knowledge, attitudes and stigma, alternative care options, health system factors (including coverage and human resource), gender, and direct and indirect cost of care. These were grouped into three major themes: individual factors; interpersonal influences; and health system factors. Conclusion Case finding and treatment for TB in Nigeria currently depends more on individual patients presenting voluntarily to the hospital for care, necessitating an understanding of patient behaviors towards TB diagnosis and treatment. Our synthesis has identified several related factors that shape patients’ behavior towards TB management at individual, community and health system levels that can inform future interventions.
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Ajuwon, Paul M., Foluso Ebun Afolabi Lesi, Oluwakemi Odukoya, and Carrie Melia. "Attitudes of medical students toward disabilities in Nigeria." International Journal on Disability and Human Development 14, no. 2 (January 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijdhd-2014-0017.
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AbstractThis study investigated the attitudes of dental and medical students toward disability issues in Nigeria. The setting was the College of Medicine, University of Lagos (CMUL), Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria. The researchers surveyed two groups of 500-level students (i.e., 142 medical and 42 dental students). Participants voluntarily and anonymously completed a survey in July 2013 after a year-long exposure to disabilities in class modules and community-based experiences. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted. The researchers found three factors, namely: caring for children with disabilities, eliminating disabilities and outlook toward disabilities. Participants exhibited the greatest sympathy toward caring for children with disabilities and for eliminating disabilities. However, participants overall had a negative outlook toward individuals with disabilities. Additionally, younger participants and female participants tended to be more sympathetic toward individuals with disabilities. Although the trends found in this research were largely positive, the researchers identified some negative patterns. Specifically, participants admitted to feeling frustrated while caring for individuals with disabilities. They also reported feeling that families of children with disabilities do not love and care for their children as much as other families. These findings, among other things, indicate that medical students in Nigeria could benefit from further education about disabilities.
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Arabomen, Oghenekevwe Joy, Folaranmi Dapo Babalola, Felix Oaikhena Idumah, and Chinyere Salome Ofordu. "Residents' attitudes towards tree care programs in cityscapes." Revista Produção e Desenvolvimento 7 (March 22, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.32358/rpd.2021.v7.462.
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Purpose: Examine residents’ attitude towards urban trees from the perspective of funding or voluntarily contributing time for tree care programs. Majority of global populace live in cities, hence, the rise in public expectations for liveable, sustainable and greener communities and urban areas all over the world, Nigeria inclusive. With proper planning and management, cities may become more liveable, but the rapid loss of large urban green areas cause havoc, and has ushered in several problems such as adverse climatic condition, reduced water and air quality, amongst others.
Metodology: A questionnaire survey was conducted to understand how residents rank and rate the benefits of urban trees as well as individual willingness to support conservation initiatives, using Benin metropolis, Nigeria as a case study.
Findings: Using binary logit analysis, the study identified that residents who are aware of ecosystem services, had a profession and have spent at least 20 years in the city, had a significant relationship with personal willingness to volunteer time and/or donate money toward urban tree care programs and activities.
Contribution to knowledge: Provided quantitative information to demonstrate the importance of conserving trees in development projects towards Global SDGs.
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Emmanuel, Andy, and Sheila Elizabeth Clow. "Does Maternal Employment Affect Breastfeeding in Plateau State, Nigeria?" Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery 19, no. 2 (January 11, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-5293/1130.
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There are competing priorities between maternal employment and breastfeeding. This study was conducted to determine the influence of the maternal employment status and the time of return to work postpartum on breastfeeding. This will provide vital information that could be used in promoting breastfeeding among working mothers in the future. A cross-sectional study of 763 pregnant women who had previously given birth was conducted in Plateau State, Nigeria. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire and the women participated voluntarily. Exclusive breastfeeding for at least five months was recorded in 75.4 per cent (270/358) of employed women and 78.4 per cent (225/287) of unemployed women. An overall duration of 13 months’ breastfeeding was reported in 72.9 per cent (256/351) of women who were working at the time of the birth compared to 84 per cent (241/287) of women who were not working. For the overall duration of breastfeeding (any breastfeeding), results revealed that women who return to work early after delivery are more likely to stop breastfeeding earlier than the recommended period. Maternal employment at the time of delivery may therefore have an influence on breastfeeding. Accordingly, working mothers in this setting require additional breastfeeding support or counselling, and also, workplace breastfeeding support in Plateau State requires evaluation.
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George, Olusoji James, Oluwakemi Owoyemi, and Owolabi Kuye. "Impact of Hofstede’s (1980, 2001) ‘Software of the Mind’ on the Transfer of Management Practices: The Case of the Transfer of the British Voluntarist Employment Relations Practice to Nigeria." Journal of Management and Strategy 3, no. 4 (November 6, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jms.v3n4p55.
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Abubakar R, Zubairu HD, and Yohanna S. "Impact of family social support on psychological wellbeing of infertile women attending Yusuf Dantsoho Memorial Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria." Annals of African Medical Research 3, no. 1 (September 4, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aamr.2020.118.
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Infertility could be a life crisis with a wide range of socio-cultural and emotional problems. These social consequences are usually not voluntarily disclosed by the affected women and consequently do not receive adequate attention so the women continue to suffer in silence. The study aimed to determine the impact of family social support on psychological well-being of infertile women attending Yusuf Dantsoho Memorial Hospital (YDMH), Kaduna. The study was a cross sectional study conducted at the YDMH, T/Wada, Kaduna. Two hundred and fifty-four women who presented to the gynecology clinic during the study period and consented to participate in the study were recruited consecutively. Data on socio-demographics and family social support were determined using a self-structured questionnaire. Psychological wellbeing was assessed using a General Health Questioner. Data was analyzed using EPI-INFO statistical package. Majority of the participants were Northerners (70.1%), Muslims (91.7%), and Unemployed (52.8%) with an average monthly income of less than N 20,000 (73.6%). Most were within the age group of 25–30 years (40.2%) and from monogamous families (70.1%) with most families having 0–5 children (89.4%). 67.7% of the participants had adequate social support from their husbands as against 32.3% who had inadequate support (such as availability of financial, support encouragement, concern and sense of social belonging). Only 33.5% had adequate social support from their in-laws while majority of them (66.5%) had inadequate social support. A total of 203 (79.9%) of the participants had psychological distress (self-administered questioner) while 51 (20.1%) had no psychological distress. Husbands and in-laws support were significantly related to psychological wellbeing of the infertile women. Adequate social support provided by family members reduces stress, improves psychological wellbeing and quality of life of infertile women.