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Obiajulu, Anthony. "Knowledge ,attitude and practice of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for HIV/AIDS amongst the health professionals in Umpumulo Hospital , Mapumulo , Ilembe District , Kwazulu-Natal Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/209.
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Thesis(M Med.(Family Medicine)--University of Limpopo, 2009.The impact of HIV/AIDS on the health sector and the health professionals that work in it is huge. This impact has contributed to the continuing attrition of health professionals in South Africa. Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) has a central role to play in the response to these problems both at the level of the health sector in general and most especially at the level of the individual health professional. Thus, understanding factors that affect the practice of VCT amongst this group of professionals is crucial in South Africa‟s quest to reverse these negative trends. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, to access and understand the attitude and practice of VCT for HIV/AIDS amongst the health professionals in a rural district Hospital and to make recommendations in order that appropriate intervention strategies may be instituted. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study design was used in which data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The study population included all the health professionals working in the hospital at the time of the study but excluded those who were on leave or absent from duty during the period of data collection. Informed consent was obtained from each participant. Data was captured and analyzed using the SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA). vi RESULTS There was a very high level of knowledge, a moderately supportive attitude and a moderately high level of practice of VCT amongst the study participants. Divorced/separated respondents to this study had more supportive attitude towards VCT than their single colleagues. Age was found to have a very weak but positive correlation to attitude score. There was no significant difference in knowledge and attitude scores between those who practiced VCT and those who did not. CONCLUSION Health professionals understand the importance of VCT as an HIV preventive behavior but there remains some VCT knowledge, attitude and practice concerns together with other determinants of VCT behavior that needs to be addressed.
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Maama, Lineo Bernadette. "Factors affecting AIDS orphans' from accessing voluntary counselling and testing (VCT)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1046.
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The study seeks to explore and identify factors that prevent AIDS orphans in presenting themselves for Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT). Socio-cultural factors, notably, stigma and the resultant discrimination by community members, have been presented by many researchers as the main aetiological factors that hinder the use of VCT by AIDS orphans. It is on the basis of this that this study was conducted to identify factors that hinder AIDS orphans from accessing VCT. The study used a qualitative approach following an explorative and descriptive, contextual research design and was conducted at Ubuntu Education Fund, Port Elizabeth. Purposive sampling was used to determine a sample of AIDS orphans. Participants of the study had to be orphaned as a result of AIDS, isiXhosa-speaking, between 12-17 years, living in the care of a primary care-giver and had not presented themselves for VCT. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews. Semi-structured interviews are suitable in cases where the researcher is interested in an issue that is complex or personal (De Vos, Strydom, Fouche and Deloport, 2005). Data was analyzed according to the framework provided by Tesch (1990) as described in Creswell (2003). The major findings of this study were that people are locked in a ‘poverty-of-the mind cycle’, in respect of HIV and AIDS, and this is exacerbated by educational impoverishment and general poverty. The recommendations that emanated from this study are made from policy and service delivery perspectives. It is recommended that in order for AIDS orphans to access VCT they should be developed and empowered through sustainable programmes that enhance their capacities to the outmost realization of their potential. It is also recommended that health and other professionals should encourage AIDS orphans and community members to present themselves for VCT and thus curb the spread of HIV and AIDS.
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Williams, Leilanie. "Barriers and enablers to acceptance of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services by youth males." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19894.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) is considered an important component of the South African government’s response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Despite of this, the numbers of South Africans who have accessed VCT remains low. Pregnant women in antenatal clinics remain the primary recipients of HIV testing since it is routinely offered to them at antenatal clinics. Figures from antenatal clinics constitute the most important source of HIV/AIDS statistics in South Africa. Targeting women at antenatal clinics perpetuate the stereotypes that women are solely responsible for reproductive health issues or, that they are to be blame for the mounting HIV infections. These beliefs exacerbate the culminating violence against women. According to observation, active involvement of male youth in reproductive health at the Rosedale Clinic situated in Uitenhage, a town in the Eastern Cape, appears to be very limited. This might be as a result of traditional beliefs declaring reproductive health a primarily female domain. Active involvement of males in reproductive health is considered to have positive health outcomes both for themselves, and their partners. The purpose of this study is thus to encourage males served by the Rosedale clinic to become more actively involved in one aspect of reproductive health, namely voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). The study aims to find out which factors constitute barriers and enablers to VCT acceptance by male youth. Semi-structured, face-to- face interviews were conducted in September 2006 with eighteen males, 18 to 25 years, to determine from their perspective what constitute barriers and enablers to HIV test acceptance by males. These participants were recruited from two well-known rugby clubs in Uitenhage, located in the Eastern Cape. In addition, a focus group discussion was conducted with four males recruited at a graduate development programme hosted in Uitenhage in order to explore common themes emerging from interviews and the discussion. A pervasive, psychologically rooted fear; and possible low perception of risk emerge from this study as main barriers to HIV testing. Negative perceptions regarding service delivery in the public health sector constitute another barrier to HIV testing. The possibility of teasing, a common phenomenon amongst rugby players but not exclusive to them, exacerbates peer pressure thus possibly contributing to low levels of HIV test acceptance among these males. Increased HIV test acceptance is associated with increased opportunities of exposure to HIV testing opportunities, for example at awareness campaigns. Access to medical aid and income is also associated with an increased likelihood of HIV testing since most males prefer accessing HIV testing services in the private sector. Convenience and ease of access to HIV testing services are important when these males consider going for HIV testing.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vrywillige Berading en MIV Toetsing, een aspek van reproduktiewe gesondheid, word beskou as ‘n belangrike komponent van die Suid-Afrikaanse regering se strategie teen MIV/VIGS. Ongeag van hierdie feit is ‘n groot aantal Suid-Afrikaners nog nie getoets vir MIV nie. Swanger vrouens word op ‘n daaglikse basis hierdie toets aangebied as deel van roetine ondersoeke. Syfers vanaf pre-natale klinieke vorm die hoofbron van Suid- Afrika se HIV/VIGS statistieke. Die feit dat swanger vrouens die hoofteikengroep is vir MIV toetsing dra by tot stereotipes wat daartoe lei dat vrouens primêr verantwoordelik is vir die behoud van reproduktiewe gesondheid; en dat hulle beskou word as die hoofverdagtes in die toenemende oordrag van MIV. Laasgenoemde beskuldiging vererger geweld teen vrouens. Volgens waarneming by Rosedale publieke kliniek geleë in Uitenhage, ‘n dorp in die Oos-kaap, is veral jeugdige mans se betrokkenheid in reproduktiewe gesondheid uiters minimaal. Dit kan moontlik wees omdat reproduktiewe gesondheid tradisioneel as ‘n vroulike domein beskou word. Aktiewe betrokkenheid van beide mans en vrouens in reproduktiewe gesondheid het positiewe gesondheidsuitkomste vir beide partye tot gevolg. Die doel van hierdie studie is dus om jongmans wie deur die Rosedale kliniek bedien word aan te moedig om meer sigbaar te word in reproduktiewe gesondheidskwessies; met die oog op een aspek daarvan naamlik, vrywillige berading en MIV toetsing. Die studie poog dus om uit te vind watter struikelblokke jeugdige mans weerhou van MIV toetsing en; watter faktore mans aanmoedig om vir die toets te gaan. Semi-gestruktureerde, aangesig-tot- aangesig onderhoude is in September 2006 met 18 mans, vanaf die ouderdomme 18 tot 25 jaar, gevoer. Hierdie mans was tydens die studie rugbyspelers vanuit twee welbekende rugbyklubs op die dorp. ‘n Addisionele fokus groep is verder gevoer met manlike studente wie ten tye van die studie aan ‘n ontwikkelingsprogram vir gradueerders deelgeneem het op die dorp. Hierdie fokusgroep is geloods om soortgelyke temas vanuit die onderhoude en die bespreking te ondersoek. Die studie toon dat ‘n diepgewortelde, sielkundige vrees; en moontlike lae bewustheid van persoonlike risiko die twee vernaamste struikelblokke is vir MIV toetsing. Negatiewe sienings rakende die publieke gesondheidssektor kan moontlik bydrae tot weerstand teen MIV toetsingsdienste. Tergery, ‘n bekende verskynsel onder rugbymans, maar nie slegs beperk tot diè groep nie, dra by tot groepsdruk en weerhou moontlik menige mans van MIV toetsing. Diegene in die studie wie alreeds vir MIV getoets is geniet toenemende blootstelling aan MIV toetsingsgeleenthede; bv tydens bewusmakingsveldtogte geloods òf by die werk òf tersiêre instellings. Toegang tot ‘n mediese fonds; en ‘n inkomste is moontlike bepalende faktore sienende dat meeste respondente gesondheidsdienste in die privaatsektor verkies. Gerieflike toegang tot MIV toetsingsdienste word deur sommige mans as belangrike beskou wanneer hulle MIV toetsing oorweeg.
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Mutwali, Reem. "Socio-demographic characteristics and HIV testing in Omdurman National Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) in Sudan by Reem Mutwali." Thesis, UWC, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2874.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScThe identification of the association between socio-demographic characteristics and HIV was found to be a useful tool in determining the important risk factors in Sudan. In this study, the relationship(s) between HIV test results and the demographic characteristics such as gender, age, residence area, employment, education, marital status and religion in Omdurman, Sudan were investigated. The data were collected from patients visiting Omdurman National Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) Centre from April 2005 to April 2006. The study sample was represented by 320 patients. Tables were used in the data analysis to present the distribution of the participants by the result of HIV test and demographic factors; odds ratios were also obtained from these tables. The Chi-square test was used to test the association between each socio-demographic factor and the result of HIV test; the Pvalue obtained from this test was measured at a significance level of 0.05. Finally, the joint effect of all demographic factors on HIV test results was tested using logistic regression. A significant association between socio-demographic characteristics and HIV test results was observed. It showed a higher incidence rate in females, middle-aged, married, employed and Christian individuals. HIV was also found to be higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The lower incident rate was observed among educated individuals.
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Baloyi, Gift Rirhandzu. "Loss to initiation on antiretroviral therapy (ART) after voluntary counselling and testing (VCT)." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/506.
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Thesis ((MSc(Med)(Pharmacy))--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011.Background: Anecdotal evidence from fixed Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) centres within the public sector indicates, that many patients are lost in the transition from VCT to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) care and treatment. The actual number of patients who are eligible for antiretroviral ttreatment (ART) after a positive HIV test, but who do not visit the antiretroviral (ARV) clinic to initiate ART, is currently not known. The need to identify the extent of this problem was therefore evident. Objectives: To investigate and describe the procedures and records used at the VCT centres under study. To identify the proportions of patients who fail to proceed through the different steps of the process from VCT to initiation on ART within a period of six months. To make recommendations for interventions aimed at improving the tracking of patients from the VCT entry point to ART initiation. Methods: The study was conducted as an operational research project at Odi and Stanza Bopape VCT centres. The design of the study was descriptive. Data were collected retrospectively and prospectively over a period of four months. Operational procedures and documentation systems at both VCT centres were observed. The records of all patients who tested HIV positive from 1 April 2009 to 30 June 2009 at Odi and Stanza Bopape VCT centres were identified from the VCT registers and selected for the study. Patients who were eligible for ART were identified based on their CD4 count. Eligible patient names were crossreferenced against the SOZO system (electronic patient database) to determine whether they had attended their pre-treatment visits at the ART clinic and whether ARV medicines had been dispensed to them for the first time. Where there was no proof that the patient attended the pre-treatment visits or finally accessed ART at an ARV clinic within six months, the patient was regarded as lost to initiation on ART. Results: The results obtained from the observational phase of the study showed differences in the procedures followed at the two VCT centres. At Odi VCT centre, patients referred for VCT by medical doctors only had an ELISA test and had to return on a different date for the ELISA test results, while patients visiting the VCT centre voluntarily first had a Rapid test and if positive they had an ELISA test on the same day. At Stanza Bopape VCT centre, patients referred by doctors and patients visiting the VCT centre voluntarily had a Rapid test and an ELISA test after a positive Rapid test. The patients at Odi had their CD4 test results interpreted by the nurse at the VCT centre while at Stanza Bopape the results were interpreted by the doctor at the ARV clinic. x iv The study included a cohort of 743 patients who tested HIV positive from April 2009 to June 2009 at Odi and Stanza Bopape VCT centres. Of these patients 344 tested at Odi VCT centre and 399 were tested at Stanza Bopape. The majority of patients at the two VCT centres were female (55% at Odi VCT centre and 59% at Stanza Bopape VCT centre), unemployed and single. At both VCT centres, patients were expected to return for collection of CD4 results within two weeks of the HIV test. At Odi VCT centre, 159 (49.4%; n=322) patients did not return to collect their CD4 results. Of those who returned, only 41.1% (67; n=163) returned within one month. At Stanza Bopape VCT centre 52.8% (210; n=399) patients did not collect their CD4 results. Of the patients who collected their CD4 count results, 51.3% (97; n=189) collected within one month. The Fisher’s exact test revealed no statistically significant difference (P=0.410) between the two VCT centres in terms of patients who returned for their CD4 results collection and those who did not return. More than half of the patients with accessible CD4 counts at Odi presented late for VCT. This was shown by 65.4% (n=275) of patients with CD4 count 200 cells/mm3 during HIV diagnosis. At Stanza Bopape VCT centre 46.6% (n=386) also had CD4 count 200 cells/mm3. The difference in terms of late presentation between the patients from the two clinics was statistically significant (P<0.001; Fisher’s exact test). The ART initiation rate at both VCT centres was found to be low. More than half of the patients eligible for treatment (CD4 200 cells/mm3) at both VCT centres did not initiate ART. This was shown by 59.4% (n=180) of patients at Odi VCT centre and 67.8% (n=180) of patients at Stanza Bopape VCT centre who did not initiate ART. There was no significant difference (P=0.317; Fisher’s exact test) between the two VCT centres in terms of the patients who did not initiate ART. Conclusion: A high percentage of patients who presented for VCT and were eligible for treatment were lost to initiation on ART. The majority of these patients did not return to collect their CD4 results and thus were lost immediately after VCT. These results suggest a need for an urgent intervention that will improve ART uptake. Recommendations: Patients referred by doctors for VCT at Odi VCT centre should have a Rapid test, and if positive they should have an ELISA and CD4 test on the same day to prevent the loss of patients before they even identify their HIV status. The option of a ‘one stop’ VCT and immediate CD4 results, should be further explored due to the unacceptable patient default rates at both VCT centres. A CD4 count machine which x v will provide results immediately on the same day of the test should be utilised. There must be sufficient personnel and equipment to follow-up on patients who do not return for their CD4 results, pre-treatment counselling and ART. The SOZO system should be integrated between the VCT centres and the ARV clinics to improve the flow of patient information between the VCT centre and the ARV clinic. A qualitative study should be conducted to explore reasons for patients not returning to collect their CD4 results. Key words: VCT; loss to initiation; non-uptake; lost in transition; HIV and AIDS
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Sikasote, Janet Precious Banda. "Effect of voluntary counselling and testing and a negative HIV result on risk behaviour : a qualitative longitudinal study in a Zambian mining community." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4441.
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Background: Countries in sub-Saharan Africa are scaling up access to Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) services as a strategy for HIV prevention, treatment, care and support. The international and national push to achieve targets for anti-retroviral therapy scale up has emphasised VCT as an entry point to treatment, with follow-up mostly directed at those who test positive. Yet over 60% of those testing are HIV negative. Limited understanding of how HIV voluntary counselling and testing, and receipt of a negative result impact on sexual behaviour has resulted in underdeveloped support for those testing HIV negative. Aims: To gain the perspective of those who have tested HIV-negative on the following: (1) the decision making process that precedes attendance for voluntary counselling and testing; (2) how voluntary counselling and a negative test result influence sexual behavioural intentions and reported subsequent behaviour; and (3) support systems and networks that would enhance the respondent’s ability to remain HIV negative. Method: Qualitative longitudinal study utilising semi-structured interviews, six months apart, with people who have tested negative and three one-off focus group discussions with counsellors. Participants were purposively sampled from VCT centres in two mining towns in Zambia. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically with the aid of the qualitative data analysis software, Nvivo7. Cross-sectional analysis of all data sets was conducted and paired transcripts were analysed longitudinally to assess change over time. Results: Forty-two HIV-negative people were interviewed, with thirty-one returning for the follow-up interview (74% return rate). VCT was perceived as ‚testing for HIV‛. Before attending VCT most participants had gone through a protracted period of angst, resulting in a resolution to reduce number of partners, use condoms or abstain from sex. Counselling affirmed life choices, rather than initiating them. Although perception of the risk of HIV increased, misconceptions about HIV transmission persisted post-counselling. The negative test result provided impetus and resolve to implement or maintain life change. Themes identified were: (1) recognising personal susceptibility to HIV infection; (2) emotional and cognitive engagement with the problem of testing; (3) a driving need to know status (regardless of test result); and (4) empowerment and being in control providing the ability to plan for the future. Analysis of post-test support needs revealed two further themes: (1) reinforcement of behaviour change through additional knowledge, supportive networks, and life-skills training; and (2) access to recreational activities. There was no reported post-test increase in unsafe sexual behaviour among those that returned for the follow-up interview. Focus group findings reinforced those from interviews. Conclusions: This study has shown that in this population of people who tested HIV-negative: 1. the majority made life changes before attending VCT and used VCT to know their status 2. counselling consolidated pre-test decisions about risk behaviour and testing provided motivation to adopt safer behaviour and to maintain previous low- or no-risk behaviour and 3. there is a felt need for post-testing recreational activities, further HIV/AIDS education and participation in HIV prevention activities. Recommendations include: (1) the promotion of community-based interactive one-to-one and group information, education and communication (IEC) (to aid understanding and progression to the point where testing appears to be of optimum benefit) ; (2) referral to post-test support options such as support groups and inclusion on a text messaging list should be made available; and (3) post-test intervention strategies, for example, provision of result-specific IEC materials and active involvement in prevention activities should be developed and evaluated.
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Nzaumvila, Doudou Kunda. "Reasons given by pregnant women for not returning for their results following voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for the human immunodeficiency virus at Embhuleni Hospital." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/202.
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Thesis (M Med.(Family Medicine))--University of Limpopo, 2010.OBJECTIVE: In 2007 36% of the pregnant women tested positive for HIV at Embhuleni Hospital and its satellite clinics. However, only one quarter of those returned to the wellness clinic for their CD4 results so as to begin with Anti-Retrovirus Therapy (ART) if they qualified. The rest would not return to the wellness clinic, and would only present late with opportunistic infections or a subsequent pregnancy. The study aimed at exploring the reasons why women who had been tested for HIV by means of VCT failed to return for their CD4 results, to understand those reasons, to determine what information was given to them before they were tested, to assess the availability of personal support systems (family, friends, etc), and finally to assess the women’s understanding of HIV/AIDS, for which they were tested. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted using the free attitude interview technique for data collection. The Ante-natal care (ANC) clinic register of the Embhuleni Hospital was used to trace patients who had consented for voluntary counselling and testing (VCT), but who had since not returned for their results after 30 days of testing. Those patients were visited at their places of residence by the research team (interviewing nurse and the researcher) to request them to participate in the study. The exploratory question was: “May you tell us why you did not come back for your HIV test results?” “Sicela usichazele kutsi yinindzaba ungasetanga kutewuhlola imiphumela yakho yengati? (SiSwati Version). The interviews were audio recorded and field notes taken. The interviewer sought clarification for unclear issues raised, and gave reflective summaries at the conclusion of each idea under discussion. The interviews continued until there was information saturation. In this study, was reached at respondent number nine. The audio-tapes were transcribed verbatim, followed by translation into English. The emerging themes formed the basis for the write-up. RESULTS: The following themes emerged: Communication between health care workers and patients Poor quality of communication (patients not told to come back) Knowledge on HIV/AIDS and PMTCT Patients had poor knowledge of HIV/AIDS and PMTCT Fear of stigma for HIV/AIDS The community associated coming back for the results with being HIV positive Poor patient support Poor family support system for the patient Limited patient financial resources Experience at the health facilities Lack of patient privacy Attitude of the health care workers not acceptable to patients CONCLUSION: The factors that resulted in non-return of the pregnant women to the facility for their results were that the women were not made aware that they were to return for their results; poor quality of communication by the hospital staff; unpleasant experiences by patients at the facility; patients feared community stigmatisation; there was lack of patient support, and the patients had poor knowledge of HIV/AIDS and PMTCT
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Esack, Abdul Aziz. "Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practises (KABP) of adolescents / young adults (15-24 year of age) attending a private general practice, regarding HIV Voluntary Counselling & Testing (VCT)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26934.
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Background: By 2005 an estimated 5. 5 million South Africans were living with HIV and the peak prevalence of HIV/AIDS occurs in young people aged 15-24 years. In order to develop prevention strategies aimed at young people, it is important to determine risk behaviours for HIV in this age group. As VCT has been shown to impact on risk behaviours, it is important to determine the accessibility of these services to youth. Aim: This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practises (KABP) of young adults, 15-24 years of age attending a private general practise, regarding risks for HIV and accessibility of HIV Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) services. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by a sample of 100 patients attending a general practice located in Athlone. Results: Thirty-six of respondents were male and 64 were female. The age range was 15 to 24 years, with a mean age of 20.2 years. The demographic profile of the study population was typical of a formal urban settlement in a traditionally coloured area. Sixty four percent of respondents reported current or previous sexually activity, of which 89% reported that they had one sexual partner over the preceding three months and 58%, reported not using a condom at their last sexual encounter. The mean age of sexual debut was 16 years. Most respondents could identify safer sexual practices. While 97% of respondents had heard of HIV, only 33% knew someone who had died of HIV/AIDS. Most respondents knew how HIV was transmitted and 74% felt that they had never put themselves at risk of contracting HIV. Seventy five percent of respondents had heard of VCT, and 60% had considered having a test. Knowledge regarding the location of VCT testing sites, methods of testing and waiting period for results was generally poor. Most respondents had a favourable impression of staff in the clinic/CHC setting and would return to these facilities for HIV VCT. However, 71 % reported that they were prepared to pay for a HIV test. Respondents reported that having an HIV test would have a positive effect on sexual behaviour; however, only a third would disclose their HIV test result. Discussion: Respondents had high levels of awareness of HIV prevention strategies but these did not always translate into the adoption of appropriate behaviours. This disparity between awareness of HIV prevention strategies and actual risk taking sexual behaviour could reflect inadequacies in current HIV education programmes. Knowledge regarding most aspects of HIV VCT was inadequate, but there was a high willingness to test for HIV. Respondents indicated that they were prepared to pay for VCT. VCT could be used to engage with young adults and impact on behaviour changes. Further studies may be useful to illustrate the potential of VCT as a prevention strategy and to promote the allocation of more resources for this purpose.
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Bucyana, Allan. "The influence of specialised HIV/AIDS sites on first time clients' initiative to seek VCT services : a case of Nkumba University students, Uganda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6869.
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Thesis (MPhil (Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Although VCT has been recognized for its importance in HIV prevention and control, there are several matters of concern surrounding it that potentially limit its uptake. Clients' selective behavior in tandem with service provider and operating environment factors determine uptake of VCT service. This study sought to contribute knowledge on the influence that specialized HIV/AIDS sites have on first time clients' initiative to seek VCT services in comparison with the general health care sites. The study also analyzed factors that determine clients' preference of VCT access point. The study was done within a student population of Nkumba University in Entebbe municipality, Uganda. A sample of students to fill the study questionnaire was selected using a simple random sampling method from a population frame established from a class identified haphazardly. Four focus group discussions were done: two of the groups participants were stratified as students' male and female groups and were selected using convenient sampling from the sampling frame. The other FGDs were done with two groups of nurse counselors – one from a general health care site while the other was from a specialized VCT site, selected purposively. Specialized VCT sites had a higher frequency of first student clients than general health care sites. Results however indicated that though the perception of service providers' attitude and availability of trained councilors affected their choice, there was no significant difference between specialized and general VCT sites in terms of first time clients' preference. Reasons for preference of site differed. Specialized sites were preferred because they are perceived to offer better quality service owing to their concentration on VCT services, but shunned by others for lack disguise. Conversely, respondents revealed that there is disguise at general health j sites which enhances confidentiality and anonymity thereby curbing clients fears of being identified making it easier for first time clients to go to these sites for VCT.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alhoewel vrywillige raadgewing en toetsing (VRT) erken is vir sy belangrikheid met betrekking tot MIV voorkoming en beheer, is daar verskeie kwessies daaraan verbonde wat die gebruik daarvan kan beperk. Kliënte se selektiewe gedrag saam met diensverskaffers en omgewingsfaktore bepaal die gebruik van VRT dienste. Hierdie studie het gepoog om kennis by te dra oor die invloed wat gespesialiseerde MIV/Vigs toetsingsterreine het op eerstelinge se inisiatief om VRT dienste te soek in vergelyking met algemene gesondheidssorgterreine. Die studie het ook faktore geanaliseer wat kliënte se voorkeur van VRT terreine bepaal. Die studie is binne 'n studente populasie van Nkumba Universiteit in Entebbe Munisipaliteit, Uganda, uitgevoer. 'n Steekproef van studente om die vraelyste in te vul is geselekteer deur die eenvoudige toevalmonster metode te gebruik van 'n populasie raam geskep van 'n klas was lukraak geidentifiseer is. Vier fokusgroepe het plaasgevind: twee waar deelnemers as manlike en vroulike studentegroepe gestratifiseerd was en geselekteer deur gerieflike steekproeneming van die steekproefraam. Die ander fokusgroepe was twee groepe van verpleegster beraders – een van 'n algemene gesondheidssorgterrein en die ander van 'n gespesialiseerde VRT terrein, doelbewus geselekteer. Gespesialiseerde VRT terreine het 'n hoër frekwensie van eersteling student-kliente as algemene gesondheidssorgterreine. Uitslae het aangedui dat hoewel die persepsie van diensverskaffers se houdings en beskikbaarheid van opgeleide beraders hul keuse geaffekteer het, dat daar geen betekenisvolle verskil was tussen gespesialiseerde en algemene VRT terreine in terme van eerstelinge se voorkeur. Redes vir voorkeur van terrein het verskil. Gepesialiseerde terreine is verkies weens die persepise dat hulle 'n beter kwaliteit diens lewer weens hul konsentrasie op VRT dienste, maar deur ander vermy was weens gebrek aan vermomming. Omgekeerd het respondente aan die lig gebring dat daar wel vemomming by algemene gesondheidssorg terreine is wat vertroulikheid en anonimiteit verhoog en kliënte se vrese verminder wat dit makliker maak vir eerstelinge om na hierdie terreine vir VRT te gaan.
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Lawrence, Michelle. "Exploring attitudes of University students towards seeking psychological counselling." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3327.
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Magister Psychologiae - MPsychStudent counselling services, typically located within a holistic developmental approach, aim to render comprehensive student services to service users in relation to their psychological, social,educational and spiritual well-being. However, a number of cognitive and affective barriers reportedly reduce the likelihood of young people at universities seeking professional psychological help for personal-emotional problems. Accordingly, the aim of this study, which is located within the Theory of Reasoned Action, was to explore students’ attitudes towards utilising student counselling services, as well as their interpretations of the influence of age, gender and education on their attitudes and self-rated knowledge regarding seeking psychological help. The study thereby attempts to provide an understanding of the factors that influence help-seeking behaviours in university students. The research sample consisted of twenty nine students from the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. The data was collected through focus group discussions, which were conducted using an open-ended and participantcentred approach to the discussion. The qualitative approach of the study was informed by the theory of social phenomenology. Data gathered from the focus group discussions was thematically analysed. The results suggest that attitudes have a potentially important influence on intentions to seek out psychological counselling. Findings show that students feel shame and guilt when they are struggling psychologically and as a result avoid seeking psychological intervention for fear of being negatively stigmatised. The study revealed that education around mental health disorders and the management thereof was crucial in order for them to be demystified and de-stigmatised, and to facilitate openness in the sharing of these problems, and society’s understanding and acceptance of people experiencing psychological disorders. Results also indicate that there is a shift taking place in these attitudes, and suggest ways in which this change can be further facilitated, such as the utilisation of peer helpers who could play a key role in facilitating and reinforcing help seeking behaviour. The outcomes of the study may further contribute to informing universities’ goal to provide accessible, quality and effective development and support services to its students.
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Kanyemba, Phyllis Changu Bune. "Uptake of Voluntary Counseling and Testing at Ngungu Mini - hospital, Zambia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2251_1299558390.
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In countries like Zambia where HIV prevalence (14.3% in the age group 15-49 years) is one of the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, HIV testing is an important strategy to combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic, because it is a critical step towards HIV/AIDS care, treatment and support. Despite decades of HIV/AIDS information and education campaigns, only 10% of Zambians know their HIV status. This study aimed to describe the uptake of voluntary counseling and testing and factors associated with uptake at Ngungu Mini - hospital in Ngungu Township, Zambia. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted among 100 adult clients accessing health care at Ngungu mini - hospital during the second week of January 2009. Participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire on VCT, knowledge, attitudes towards HIV testing, and factors that promote/hinder HIV testing. Data was captured with Excel and basic descriptive analysis done using SPSS version 16.0 and Epi Info Version 3.3.1.
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Craig, Shelley L. "Correlates of voluntary HIV testing and counseling among middle aged and older Latinas :." FIU Digital Commons, 2007. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2663.
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This study identifies and describes HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) of middle aged and older Latinas. The rate of new cases of HIV in people age 45 and older is rapidly increasing, with a 40.6% increase in the numbers of older Latinas infected with HIV between 1998 and 2002. Despite this increase, there is paucity of research on this population. This research seeks to address the gap through a secondary data analysis of Latina women. The aim of this study is twofold: 1) Develop and empirically test a multivariate model of VCT utilization for middle aged and older Latinas; 2) To test how the three individual components of the Andersen Behavioral Model impact VCT for middle aged and older Latinas. The study is organized around the three major domains of the Andersen Behavioral Model of service use that include: a) predisposing factors; b) enabling characteristics and c) need. Logistic regression using structural equation modeling techniques were used to test multivariate relationships of variables on VCT for a sample of 135 middle age and older Latinas residing in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Over 60% of participants had been tested for HIV. Provider endorsement was found to be the strongest predictor of VCT (odds ration [OR] = 6. 38), followed by having a clinic as a regular source of healthcare (OR=3.88). Significant negative associations with VCT included self rated health status (OR.592); Age (OR=.927); Spanish proficiency (OR=.927); number of sexual partners (OR=.613) and consumption of alcohol during sexual activity (.549). As this line of inquiry provides a critical glimpse into the VCT of older Latinas, recommendations for enhanced service provision and research will be offered.
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Sulwe, Charlton Nchimunya. "Factors influencing uptake of voluntary counseling and HIV testing services in Mwense district, Zambia." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4541.
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Master of Public Health - MPHFor more than two decades now, the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and its etiological agent, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has been a growing challenge that affects all segments of the global population. Voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) is one of the many prevention and control strategies adopted globally and by the Government of the Republic of Zambia. VCT is the process by which an individual undergoes counseling to enable him/her to make an informed choice about being tested for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This decision must be entirely the choice of the individual and he or she must be assured that the process will be confidential. VCT is a key component of both HIV prevention and care programs. Although VCT is increasingly available in Zambia through public health facilities, VCT only or stand-alone sites and mobile counseling and testing services, there is still great reluctance among many people to be tested. Aim: This study explored factors affecting the utilization of VCT services in Mwense District, Zambia. Methodology: An explorative, qualitative study was conducted. Data was collected through focus group discussions with community members, and key informant interviews with lay counselors and health care workers. Thematic analysis of transcribed data was done to elucidate knowledge and awareness of HIV/AIDS and VCT services, factors facilitating uptake and barriers to utilization of VCT services and suggestions for improving VCT uptake. Results: The study found that HIV/AIDS was recognized as a major problem in the communities and that participants were aware of the availability and benefits of HIV counseling and testing services. The main reasons for seeking an HIV test included facilitating sexual behavior change to avoid infection, re-infection or infecting others with HIV. Facilitators to uptake of VCT services include accessing information on HIV/AIDS and other care and support services such as prevention of mother to child interventions, peer and social support systems, home-based care and early treatment with antiretroviral therapy if one is HIV positive. Community members indicated that VCT was an entry point to reaching out to the family and community for on-going counseling, which would lead to reduction in HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination. Several barriers to VCT were identified by the participants. At individual level, barriers included: the fear of the ramifications of a positive test; fear of HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination; doubt about the existence of HIV and AIDS; and fear of loss of control of life circumstances and destiny. Health facility level barriers included concerns about confidentiality of HIV-test results, familiarity with service providers, lack of promotional activities of the VCT services, shortage of testing logistics and commodities, and human resource shortages both in terms of numbers and confidence to promote VCT services. Community levels barriers included cultural beliefs and customs, gender imbalances, religious beliefs and stigma. Conclusions: There is urgent need for community sensitization about VCT and its benefits in HIV/AIDS control.
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Foster, Caron. "An exploration of voluntary counselling and testing : a Port Elizabeth-based study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1204.
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The purpose of this study was to explore and identify factors that either facilitate or inhibit individuals volunteering for HIV-testing. The target group was comprised of Xhosa first-language construction workers in a company with an HIV/AIDS workplace policy and programme. This programme provides basic education and awareness about HIV/AIDS. This education includes information about where to access voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services. Interpretive qualitative research was undertaken in order to explore the beliefs, perceptions and intentions of the target group in regard to the utilisation VCT services. Data was collected using an unstructured interview guide. The data was analysed using Tesch’s approach to content analysis. Concerns about validity and reliability were engaged throughout the research process and supported further by using researcher reflexivity and an independent researcher. The independent researcher analysed data separately and only after discussion and consensus being found between the two researchers were final categories and codes agreed upon and data analysis considered complete. Findings revealed that an HIV/AIDS workplace programme has a positive impact on the health-seeking behaviour of workers in the construction company used in this research. Respondents knew how HIV/AIDS is transmitted, how to prevent transmission and where to find HIV-testing treatment and support. In this case HIV-testing services can easily be accessed further facilitating respondents volunteering for HIV-testing. It was also found that family, friends and churches support HIV-testing behaviour by providing education, guidance and support to respondents encouraging behaviour change. On the other hand, respondents held that community members who had not benefited from an HIV/AIDS workplace programme such as theirs are exposed daily to the devastating effects of HIV leading to AIDS deaths and live in fear of the disease. Debilitating illness and eventual death is equated with an HIV-positive diagnosis which causes community members to believe it is better not to volunteer for HIV-testing than to ascertain one’s HIV-status. The HIV/AIDS workplace policy and xv programme on the other hand is seen to have provided respondents with HIV/AIDS knowledge enabling them to overcome their fear of an HIV-positive diagnosis and to volunteer for regular HIV-testing.
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Sefularo, Tebogo Veronica. "A phenomenological study of four students' experiences of voluntary counselling and testing." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11192008-190129.
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Mucheke, Stephen Kinyua. "Experiences of Heterosexual Couples Who Undergo HIV Counseling and Testing in Nakuru-Kenya." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2673.
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The increase in new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among heterosexual couples in Africa may reverse the gains made by HIV prevention programs. HIV screening among such couples remains low and understudied.This qualitative study focused on the motivations for HIV screening among heterosexual couples. The primary research goal was to examine the lived experiences of heterosexual couples who were screened for HIV and received their results in Nakuru-Kenya. The health belief model (HBM) served as the theoretical framework and as a basis for the secondary questions which sought to explore the participants' perceptions on HIV based on the constructs of the HBM. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposively selected sample of 14 heterosexual couples. Data were collected through face-to-face audio-recorded interviews, which were coded and analyzed using Moustakas's phenomenological data analysis method. Six major themes emerged from the clustered responses of the participants. Couples recognized that they may be susceptible to HIV infection because HIV is transmitted primarily through sexual contact. Some couples perceived HIV as a severe, life-threatening condition in their lives; others perceived HIV as chronic disease that could be managed through treatment and good health care. The fear of negative consequences was cited as a barrier to couples' willingness to receive HIV counselling and testing. Couples perceived HIV testing as having multiple benefits, including freedom from worries and as a motivation to plan their lives. Health messages and partner dialogue were major cues that encouraged couples to undergo HIV testing. Testimonials from other couples who had been tested and chose to talk about their experiences contributed to a strong feeling of self-efficacy. These study findings may help to improve HIV prevention interventions for heterosexual couples.
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Shangula, Maria N. "Factors affecting voluntary counseling and HIV testing among pregnant women in Tsumeb district, Oshikoto region, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5201_1183462266.
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Increased uptake of VCT services by pregnant women may be attributed to the development of counseling services and increased availability of rapid tests at the study clinics by the Namibian Health and Social Services. A high knowledge and understanding of HIV and VCT services by pregnant women also probably contributed.
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Ma, Wei. "Acceptance of and barriers to voluntary HIV counseling and testing among adults in Guizhou Province, China." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1280149721&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Teng, James Wei Jie. "An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experiences of HIV-positive lay counsellors working in the voluntary counselling and testing settings." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002579.
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The purpose of this study was to present and understand the experiences of HIV-positive lay counsellors working in Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) settings. Specifically exploring and understanding the utilisation of personal experiences within counselling encounters, the practice of peer counselling within VCT, and the challenges experienced by HIV-positive lay counsellors within VCT settings. This study, employing a qualitative interpretative phenomenological methodology required a small sample of practicing HIV-positive lay counsellors, who were selected and interviewed on their experiences utilising semi-structured interviewing. Data was analysed for meaning units, which were interpreted inductively and hermeneutically, and categorised into super-ordinate themes. Three superordinate themes within the participants’ experiences of providing VCT services were determined, namely: ‘diagnosis and disclosure experiences’, ‘peer counselling’, and ‘challenges’. This research found that the experiences of providing peer counselling depended upon identification with their client’s negative appraisal of their diagnosis experiences. Whether through empathic connections generated through the shared experience of discovering a seropositive status, or through countertransferential reactions induced through their client’s yearning for care and support. This required the counsellor to selfdisclose within counselling encounters in order to provide personal experiences of living with HIV/AIDS. Successful implementation of peer counselling provided recently diagnosed individuals with knowledge surrounding HIV/AIDS, coping skills to manage the daily physiological and psychological challenges, facilitation and adherence to treatment, social assistance, ongoing relationships, inspiring hope, and the creation of positive appraisals. However the informal utilisation of task-shifting within lay healthcare cadres, and the lack of governmental recognition for the emotional labour provided within VCT indicated that HIVpositive lay counsellors require ongoing training, support and remuneration to limit potential occupational stress, resignation, and burnout.
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Komanyane, Lorato. "Factors influencing the utilization of voluntary counselling and testing services amongst employees of the Lobatse Town Council in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/535.
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In this study both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to find out to what extent the Lobatse Town Council employees used Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) HIV and AIDS services, the reasons for using or not using the services, the preferred service providers reasons for choosing a service provider. Lastly recommendations were made on how the uptake HIV and AIDS VCT services could increased amongst the employees. A sample of 200 respondents was selected from the employees of the Lobatse Town Council, and it was established that 65.5 percent of the respondents had used VCT. Females had a higher testing participation rates than males, white collar respondents had a higher testing participation than the blue collar respondents. There was a higher rate amongst the married than the single respondents and the older ages of 30 and above than the young ages of 29 years and under. In the study it was also established that the majority of the respondents considered voluntary counselling and testing for HIV and AIDS as being important. However there were some groups that were more positive than others regarding the importance of testing. More females than males were positive regarding the importance of testing, and also amongst the employment categories the white collar respondents were more positive than the blue collar respondents regarding the importance of HIV and AIDS testing. Furthermore it was established that the most important reason for testing amongst the employees that did test for HIV and AIDS was that they felt that they needed to undergo testing before they tested. The respondents that did not test for HIV and AIDS indicated that the most important reason for not testing was that they were scared the results could not be kept confidential. The research also showed that the most preferred service provider was Tebelopele. Tebelopele was the most used and preferred service provider amongst both gender and age groups, all marital groups and the blue collar group in the employment categories. However, for the white collar group the most preferred service provider was the private practitioners. The most common reason for choosing a service provider was confidentiality and privacy. Lastly, the research makes recommendations on what needs to be done to increase the uptake of VCT HIV and AIDS testing amongst the Lobatse Town Council employees. One of the recommendations is that there was a need to educate the employees of the Lobatse Town Council and that the education should be specific for each group. For example from the group discussion the participants felt that the reason to why males did not want to utilise HIV and AIDS VCT was because they lacked knowledge on the importance of testing. Also the respondents indicated that there was a need to remove stigma and discrimination through removing confidentiality attached to HIV and AIDS. It was also, recommended that the Lobatse Town Council formulate and implements a workplace policy on HIV and AIDS
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Ngodji, Terthu Kutupu. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices of male circumcision for HIV prevention among voluntary counseling and testing clients in Onandjokwe District Hospital, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6195_1307446077.
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This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices about MC as an HIV prevention intervention among adult males presenting for HIV Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) services at Onandjokwe District Hospital in northern Namibia. A high level of knowledge of MC, particularly its potential to reduce the risk of HIV infection, STIs and enhance penile hygiene exists among VCT attendees in Onandjokwe District Hospital. MC will most likely to be accepted in this study area, especially when it is implemented to reduce the risk of HIV infection. The study recommends a comprehensive education and information program targeting males and their partners and a training for traditional and medical circumcisers to ensure a high quality of MC services.
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Chhea, Chhorvann. "Couples in conflict in the context of HIV/AIDS discordant risk behaviors, experiences with voluntary counseling and testing and disclosure of HIV status in Cambodia /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1835449121&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Chiv, Nget Santhat Sermsri. "Illness suffering experience, stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS : a case study of plwas using voluntary counseling confidentiality and testing in Kirivong Referral Hospital, Takeo province, Cambodia /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd415/4938049.pdf.
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Mulaudzi, Makondelele Sarah. "The perceptions of teachers regarding HIV/AIDS in the Thoyoyandou area." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01272006-161731.
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Tadesse, Mizanie Abate. "HIV testing from an African Human Rights System perspective : an analysis of the legal and policy framework of Botswana, Ethiopia and Uganda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5928_1210839992.
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The HIV/AIDS pandemic poses the greatest threat to Africa's efforts to achieve its full potential in the social, economical and political spheres. Cognizant of its devastating consequences, various mechanisms have been designed to address the issue of HIV/AIDS in Africa. This thesis addressed the question: 'Are the legislations and policies of Ethiopia, Botswana and Uganda providing for various modalities of HIV testing consistent with human rights as enshrined under African Human Rights system?' The author of this dissertation critically analyzed the African human rights instruments and the relevant domestic legislation and policies of the three countries.
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Moji, Teboho Douglas. "Assessment of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/8994.
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MPH, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandIntroduction: VCT services are a meaningful entry point to a continuum of care, in treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS and related illnesses. Although VCT has been available at some sites across the country even before 2000, there have been very few studies conducted to evaluate its implementation at local municipality level. This study describes the status of VCT implementation in the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality between January 2004 and March 2007. Methods: Using a questionnaire, checklist and data collection sheet, data was collected between April - May 2007 in a sample of 14 VCT sites. These were government funded sites that included three hospitals, three community health centres, three clinics, three non governmental organisations and two hospices and were selected from all three service delivery regions in Ekurhuleni. Areas assessed were demographics of facility managers, staff and training, referral system, guidelines, supervision and support and VCT registers. Results: Over ninety percent of the VCT sites had closed areas for HIV counseling and testing. Majority of the VCT service providers were lay counselors (52.9%) and others were nurses, doctors, dieticians, social workers and health promoters. Most of the counselors had received both formal and in-service training. Almost all sites (92.8%, N=13) had the relevant guidelines in place and in-service training and use of checklist were methods used to ensure adherence to guidelines. The majority of the sites (71.4%, N=10) regularly evaluated the quality of counseling offered to clients through direct observation (50.0%), exit interviews (20.0%), self evaluation (10.0%) and combination of direct observation and interviews (20.0%). Close to two thirds of the sites (64.3%, N=9) were satisfied with supervision received from the district office. All the sites used a formal letter to refer clients to other outside facilities. There was no uniformity in the data elements of VCT registers across sites and the registers had many gaps. iv Conclusions: The VCT sites in this study had the necessary set up for the implementation of basic VCT services. However, because of the small sample size, this conclusion may not be true for the whole of Ekurhuleni. There needs to be improvement in VCT record keeping and data management in the sites. Further studies are needed to evaluate factors influencing uptake of VCT services.
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Mkhize, Nonhlanhla. "An appreciative inquiry of the voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) program of the University of Zululand." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/276.
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A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Clinical Psychology) in the Department of Psychology University of Zululand, 2008.Since the surfacing of HIV and AIDS epidemic in South Africa, various programs were implemented in order to educate and prevent the spread of this devastating disease. The Department of Health in South Africa therefore implemented the Voluntary Counseling Testing (VCT) programs across the country in workplaces, tertiary institutions, clinics as well as in hospitals. However in spite of these attempts current studies indicate that the spread of HIV and AIDS is escalated particularly amongst the people between the ages of eighteen and thirty. With so many available VCT sites and centers that provide information about the disease and an opportunity to test for one's sero-status, one would expect not hear such an increase in new HIV/AIDS infections! In view of the above a qualitative study was therefore undertaken to find out from the twenty five students who took part in this study. The aim of the research study is to find from the students who utilize the VCT program services at the University of Zuluiand their experiences about the program, what they appreciate about it and what can be done in order to ensure an efficient service which is in line with the South African HIV/AIDS Strategic Plan 2000 - 2005.
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Kamanzi, Desire G. "The implementation and outcomes of a voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) programme in a secondary school in Kigali, Rwanda." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8171.
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Schools reach further into communities of young people than any other institutions, and therefore, they are critical for reducing the HIV and AIDS vulnerability and risk among this age group (UNESCO, 2002). Therefore, if the schools are to be used as an entry point for prevention activities, it is important to have a clear idea of the current level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour with regard to HIV/AIDS. A quasi-experimental design was adopted for this study. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected during the period between June and October 2004 to establish baseline knowledge and behaviour. A total number of 613 respondents participated in this study. Two groups, an experimental and a control group with equal number (306) of pupils in each were established by drawing a random sample of 51 respondents per school from 12 secondary schools in Kigali. However, an extra respondent from one school was noted. A selfadministered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data whereas qualitative data was generated by asking each respondent to write any concerns or experiences with HIV/AIDS on a piece of paper. All respondents (n= 613) expressed their thoughts anonymously and freely on these papers. Furthermore, focus groups and interviews were conducted with some key informants amongst the respondents who were especially the leaders of Anti-AIDS clubs and student managers from schools or counselling session organizers at Kacyiru Health Centre. These were particularly Anti-AIDS club leaders and/or active club members. After a baseline assessment, a phased intervention (sensitization, pre-test counselling, testing, post-test counselling and follow-up) were implemented with the experimental group. This process was described, identifying all barriers to implementation. Finally a second measurement concerning both groups took place. During the baseline measurement, respondents were more concerned about their reproductive health issues rather than HIV/AIDS as a specific topic. With regard to HIV/AIDS transmission, however, the following was found: high awareness, many misconceptions about HIV/AIDS transmission and almost half of respondents have had sexual intercourse. Unprotected sexual intercourse was also reported. A summary of reasons given for having sexual intercourse is: experience, curiosity, peer pressure, partner empathy, monetary gain, and coercion. A sensitization phase prior to the testing sessions resulted in a large number of respondents (434) attending Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) services, the main intervention for this study which took place in a Health Centre. Only twelve respondents (3%) tested HIV positive while five respondents (1%) tested syphilis positive. Although the immediate coping with test results for all respondents was successfully dealt with, the findings from this study indicate some difficulties with regard to the management of individual respondents who tested positive. The strong emphasis on anonymity during the study did not allow the researcher to follow-up all respondents who tested positive. All steps were successfully implemented according to this study model. In spite of certain problems encountered in terms of access to schools, there was nothing insurmountable during the VCT implementation process. After the intervention, a large number of respondents showed a high HIV/AIDS awareness, expressed willingness to change their behaviours, and a willingness to advocate for VCT amongst their peers. The follow-up sessions and the quantitative data at the second measurement and especially statistical analysis carried out did not indicate a significant difference in the sexual behaviour of respondents. However, a significant difference was found when comparing the knowledge of the two groups on HIV/AIDS's physiological effects and transmission. Finally, recommendations and Best Practice Guidelines were established with regard to further research and the implementation of VCT in secondary schools.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006
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Nwachukwu, Chukwuemeka Ezeikpe. "Regional pattern and correlates of HIV voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) among youths in Nigeria." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/10345.
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Buldeo, Priya. "To 'test' or not to 'test'? : an exploratory study of WITS students' responses to Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT)." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11567.
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The health of University students is important as these individuals are central to the future economic sector. Since HIV/AIDS is a major public health threat in South Africa (SA), it is vital to develop health initiatives that aim to reduce the HIV prevalence rate among youth and to promote positive health behaviour. Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) is one such initiative. The National Department of Health (NDoH) recently implemented the „First Things First‟ campaign that aims to promote VCT among youth. In line with the NDoH‟s initiative, this study explored the factors that shape attitudes towards VCT among first year students at the University of the Witwatersrand (WITS).
This study was conducted using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. The respondents included 195 first year students out of approximately 220 who participated in a survey and two key informants in the field of HIV/AIDS whom I interviewed. With regards to ethical considerations, the study protected the respondent‟s rights by maintaining anonymity of all survey participants and exercised care that the human rights of individuals and the reputation of WITS as an institution were safeguarded.
Based on conceptual models of health behaviour, the study identified factors that shaped students responses to VCT. The results of this study indicate that youth at WITS go for VCT mainly to know their HIV status. This is being triggered by them knowing someone who has either; been for VCT, is living with HIV or passed away due to AIDS. In addition, the free availability and easy accessibility of VCT services on campus and the positive influence of peers through social mobilisation were regarded as key motivations for students accessing VCT. However, some students seem to not access VCT services due to personal fears of rejection, blame and discrimination if they were to be found HIV-positive. The gendered dynamics and nature of clinics together with the poor attitudes of some health service providers were also major barriers to VCT uptake among youth.
The findings conclude that many students know that VCT is a necessary and beneficial process. It also found that there are multiple factors that work together in complex ways to shape the reasons why youth choose to „test‟ or not to „test‟ for HIV.
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Gatta, Abraham Alemayehu. "Knowledge and attitude towards voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services among adolescent high school students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6301.
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Voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VHCT) is one of the key strategies in the prevention of HIV in Ethiopia. However, utilization of the VHCT services among adolescents has been reported as low by previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes towards VHCT services among adolescents attending high school in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional school-based design using quantitative methods was employed to attain the objectives of the study. Data collection was done using self-administered structured questionnaires among 378 adolescent high school students. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings revealed that 75.7% of students are aware of the voluntary HIV counselling and testing services; 62.2% use the services and suggested that VHCT services should be located in schools and youth clubs for better access by adolescents. Thirty-two percent of respondents rated themselves at risk of HIV infection and 35.2% were not willing to disclose their HIV positive status to anybody. The findings of the study clearly indicate a need for a more accessible voluntary HIV counselling and testing services for adolescents.Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
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Akhiwu, Patrick. "Factors affecting the utilisation of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services for HIV/AIDS in Sowa, Botswana." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/10997.
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Introduction
Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) play a crucial role in the control and management of the
HIV/AIDS epidemic. It is essential to understand the factors that influence the utilisation of VCT to
improve implementation of measures that encourage VCT uptake. The purpose of this study was to
determine factors affecting the utilisation of Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) services for
HIV/AIDS in Sowa, Botswana.
Methodology
A cross-sectional study was carried out by collecting data from 71 randomly selected participants
residing in the community of Sowa, Botswana. Open and close ended questions were used. Relevant
demographic data were collected from each respondent. Univariate and multivariate analysis was
done using chi square test and logistic regression models through STATA11 statistical software.
Results
About half of the respondents were willing to utilise the VCT services. Willingness to utilise VCT was
significantly associated with the respondents' choice of VCT centres, worry about confidentiality at
VCT centres, and concern about their partners' being aware of their use of VCT. The expected
reactions of their partner, family and community to the use of VCT by the respondents, in addition to
the willingness of respondents to inform their partners the result of their HIV test, were other factors
associated with the use of VCT. Multivariate regression showed that being "not worried" (AOR 33.48;
95CI 5.63 - 199.15) about confidentiality at VCT centres predicted the willingness to use VCT. In
addition, not worried that their partners were aware they had utilised VCT (AOR 7.25; 95CI 1.69-
31.14), and readiness to inform their partners about the result of their HIV test (AOR 14.96; 95CI 3.74-
59.85), predicted the willingness of respondents to utilise VCT. Similarly, the expectation of a happy reaction from partner (AOR 47.02; 95CI 3.83- 577.11) and family (AOR 45.13 95CI 3.28-620.72) on
being aware the respondent had used VCT, also predicted willingness to use VCT.
Conclusion
This study confirmed that stigma related to VCT use and confidentiality at VCT centres influence the
utilisation of VCT services. Also, concern about partner's awareness that a respondent had used VCT
and the expected response of partner, family, and community, were all important influencing factors
to the utilisation of voluntary counseling and HIV testing services. These issues need to be addressed
in order to increase VCT uptake among individuals and the community.
33
Amde, Woldekidan Kifle. "Barriers to voluntary counseling and testing of individuals in selected areas of the Gurage Zone, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4010_1260521596.
Full textAbstract:
Despite wide acceptance of Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) as a crucial entry point for the prevention, treatment, care and support of HIV-infected persons
the prevalence of testing in Ethiopia remains very low. A review of the literature identifies the set of factors that influence HIV testing of individuals to include socio-economic and demographic factors, knowledge of HIV/AIDS, risk perception, fear of stigma, social capital and the perceived benefit of VCT. By drawing assumptions based on the known literature, this mini-thesis explores the relationship between VCT usage and the above factors in order to explain the status of HIV testing in Moher and Aklil district, Gurage Zone, Ethiopia. The study hopes to address the dearth of material on VCT and contribute to it in a non-clinical and rural context.
34
Moyo, Precious. "Factors influencing the attendance of voluntary counselling and HIV-Testing (VCT) among women in Glen View high density suburb in Harare, Zimbabwe." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3681.
Full textAbstract:
Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) is vital in the management of
HIV/AIDS as it is the first step in treatment, care and behavioural change.
Entrenched economic and gender inequities drive an increasingly feminized
HIV/AIDS pandemic. This study investigated factors influencing VCT
attendance by women in the Glen View high density suburb in Harare. A
survey methodology was followed using a semi-structured, self-administered
questionnaire that was distributed to randomly selected women of
reproductive ages in the area. The analysis showed that VCT usage is low
and that factors such as fear of the consequences of testing positive for HIV,
such as violence and rejection by male partners are to blame. Importantly,
the findings suggest that if the vulnerability of women is not addressed, then
increased VCT uptake and better reproductive health outcomes for women
are also unlikely.Sociology
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
35
Tesfu, Tesfagabir Berhe. "An evaluation of communication strategies used in the voluntary counselling and testing (vct) campaign at the University of Durban- Westville." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4303.
Full textAbstract:
The present project evaluates and examines a communication campaign carried out at the University of Durban-Westville (UDW) in 2003, which publicized the introduction of a HIV/AIDS Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) facility on campus. Drawing on theories 'of entertainment education (EE) and behaviour change, the campaign's effectiveness is analysed in relation to (1) audience reception; (2) take-up of the service promoted; and (3) visibility and penetration of the media employed. The thesis is that the message in campaigns of this nature benefits from avoiding claims of bringing about behaviour change by the mere fact of commurlication or information transfer. Instead, it is proposed that anti-H1V behaviour-change messages focus on urging audiences to act in presenting for VCT, because the ongoing counselling of VCT is a proper communicative forum for such changes. In conclusion, the present campaign's shortcomings are noted, and considered in the context of how to address these in relation to the opportunities offered by the merger ofUDW with the University of Natal from 2004.Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal,Durban,2003.
36
Mthembu, Steve Sibusiso. "An exploration of factors affecting voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) amongst employees in the private sector : a company case study." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3105.
Full textAbstract:
Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) is known as the key component of HIVprevention
and treatment programmes in workplace settings. The main objective of this study was
to explore factors affecting the uptake of VCT amongst employees in the private sector. This study
was also indirectly aimed in examining the effectiveness of HIV-prevention and treatment
programmes in workplace settings.
The Social cognitive theory (SCT) was adopted as the core theoretical framework in this
study. The SCT explains behaviour change as a complex phenomenon and a product of multiple,
complex factors embedded on the individual’s characteristic and his/her surrounding environment.
This theory recognises the strength of other health promotion theories such as the health belief
model (HBM), theory of reasoned action (TRA) in explaining behaviour change, but it mostly
helps to provide a more holistic and coherent understanding of the complex factors affecting VCT
uptake.
This was a qualitative case study. Individual, semi-structured interviews were utilised to
collect data from 6 male and 4 female participants, who are employees of a courier company
operating around Durban. This company implemented an HIV/AIDS policy about 10 years ago,
with an aim to introduce HIV-prevention and treatment initiatives, and to facilitate easy access to
these initiatives within the workplace setting.
Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Themes were analysed and discussed in relation to
the topic of the study. Factors that affect VCT in the workplace were categorised thematically and
critically discussed as findings of the study.
Despite the convenient and easily accessible VCT and ART initiatives, rapid testing and onsite
nature of VCT campaigns, the uptake of VCT appeared to be relatively poor within the
compnay. The perceived lack of confidentiality regarding results, fears of stigma and
discrimination, as well as organisational factors, were identified as barriers to the success of HIVprevention
and treatment initiatives in this company. In light of these findings, the study
recommends measures that might help improve service delivery. The study also contributes to the
body of knowledge with respect to challenges facing HIV-prevention and treatment initiatives in
workplace settings.Thesis (M.Soc.Sci.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.
37
Makhutle, Motswaledi Jacob. "An investigation into the utilisation of voluntary counselling and testing services by employees of Mittal Steel in Vanderbijlpark : a case study." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/5786.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to understand employees’ perceptions of the benefits of and the challenges in utilising VCT services at the workplace. With Mittal Steel in Vanderbijlpark as a case study, the researcher investigated the types of VCT services offered, the reasons why employees used these services, the perceived benefits and challenges related to these services, and made suggestions for service improvements. Using a qualitative approach, the main data-collection strategies were non-participant observation and in-depth interviews with five purposefully recruited research participants.
The study showed that knowledge of HIV and AIDS among employees was adequate but that this could not be attributed to company efforts only. The study also revealed that employees utilised VCT for personal reasons rather than based on company incentives. Stigmatisation and discrimination appeared to be on the decline. It is recommended that the company could do more to market and promote HIV and AIDS awareness at the workplace.Sociology
M.A (Sociology - Social Behavioural Studies in HIV/AIDS)
38
Ramnarain, Shivani. "A situational assessment of a workplace voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) and HIV/AIDS treatment programme in the mining sector : a case study." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/940.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Globally, over forty million adults are infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), with twenty-five million people having already died of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) worldwide by 2007. To date, approximately twenty-eight million members of the labour force have been lost to AIDS. In terms of the settings approach to Health Promotion, the workplace presents as one of the most effective and significant settings in which to respond to the epidemic. This study formed part of The Workplace VCT/Treatment Uptake Project (WVUP), which is a longitudinal study located in a company in the South African mining sector. The broad aim of the WVUP was to provide new knowledge on the reasons for low and slow uptake of VCT and treatment services in workplace settings and to implement and evaluate interventions to improve uptake of these services. The specific aim of this phase of the study (a Situational Assessment) was to unravel the contextual influences on VCT and treatment participation rates at the selected site, as a precursor to succeeding phases of the WVUP. Method: This Situational Assessment comprised of an archival documentary analysis (aimed at developing a historical perspective of the company’s HIV/AIDS program) and interviews and focus groups with key organisational stakeholders (aimed at a contextual assessment of the program). A qualitative approach was used for this study, as it provided an in-depth and detailed understanding of the organizational and personal experiences, incidences and occurrences that make up the contextual milieu for the VCT and HIV/AIDS treatment services at the study site. Fourteen individual interviews were conducted with key stakeholders, followed by eight focus group interviews with these constituencies. Data was collected using audiotapes and were transcribed verbatim. A quality assurance check was conducted with random sections of the tape compared against the transcripts. A list of themes across all interviews and data was developed and then reduced and coded using Nvivo7, a qualitative datamanagement software programme. This tool enabled the researcher to store and code the data and search the data thematically. The results of the study were interpreted through the lens of two theoretical frameworks, viz., the Precede-Proceed model and the Elaboration Likelihood Model. Results and Conclusions: The discussion of results incorporated the findings from the archival audit and documentary analysis as well as the various factors that emerged from the key stakeholder and focus group interviews. Even though the mine had high VCT uptake rates, significant concerns were apparent with regard to the VCT and treatment programmes. Some of these concerns centered around the levels of support from mine management and Head Office, support of employees for the HIV/AIDS programme, relational challenges with the union, confidentiality issues, treatment and treatment adherence issues, environmental influences, spousal VCT uptake, race, culture and sexism, and fear. Salient findings have been discussed using the selected theoretical frameworks and several theoretically and empirically derived recommendations were offered to inform the next phase of the WVUP study.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008
39
Xing, Ying. "Awareness, attitudes and behaviours regarding HIV voluntary counselling ad testing (VCT) among students of the University of KwaZulu-Natal on Howard College Campus." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10645.
Full textAbstract:
This survey was conducted to describe the awareness, attitudes and behaviours regarding HIV
Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) among students of the University of KwaZulu-Natal
in the Howard College Campus residences.
A quantitative descriptive study design and a simple random sampling technique were used in
this study. One hundred and seventy - eight students who lived in residences of Howard
College Campus voluntarily participated in the study and completed the anonymous
questionnaires. The questions in the questionnaire were designed to collect the demographics
information of the participants and to address their awareness, attitudes and behaviours
regarding VCT.
Analysis of findings revealed that the level of awareness of VCT was high among the
students. The majority of the participants have heard of VCT before this survey and knew that
campus clinic provided VCT service. To students, the two most major sources of VCT
information were TV/radio and friends/classmates. A positive attitude towards VCT was
found among the students. The participants perceived the benefits and importance of
undergoing VCT as well as the value of counselling. Sixteen percent of all participants have
received VCT and twenty - two percent intended to go for VCT within the following 6
months. The main reasons cited by students for undergoing VCT included: to know their
health status, to recognize the risk to be exposed to HIV, and to seek for information about
maintaining health. The main reasons for not seeking VCT were assuming their HIV status
negative and unlikely exposure to HIV because they always practised safe sex. A need for
VCT information was found in this study. Some barriers to VCT existed, such as perception
of negative consequences of uptake of VCT (e.g. HIV - related stigma), low risk perception
to HIV infection, and lack of VCT information.
The findings suggest that there is a need for communication campaigns at the University of
KwaZulu-Natal, to address knowledge gaps, reduction of stigma, and promoting awareness of
vulnerability to HIV. The findings of this study could be used to assist to plan HIV prevention
programme at the University of KwaZulu-Natal.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2005.
40
Kiabilua, Pascal Nkay. "Challenges of implementing HIV voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) campaigns for higher education distance learning students : case study of UNISA-Sunnyside Regional Office." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8794.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the challenges faced by implementers of VCT campaigns for higher education distance learning students. Qualitative and explorative approaches, using a case study, were employed as the research methodology. It has been concluded that the administrative planning procedures of VCT campaigns were not properly followed, which resulted in the following difficulties: defining the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders, using limited resources, and the inability to reach all the students, in order to get them to actively participate in the campaigns. Lack of coordination of HIV and AIDS activities and the absence of monitoring and evaluation also impacted negatively on the success of VCT campaigns. This study recommends that VCT campaigns have a proper task team constituting of experts in VCT campaign operations, in order to strategically plan and coordinate all the campaigns' activities. The implementers should also monitor and evaluate these activities on a regular basis.
41
Naik, Rakhee. "An analysis of the content and social representations of HIV in voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) training manuals in the Gauteng public health." Thesis, 2014.
Find full text
42
Mugisha, Emmanuel. "Delivery and utilisation of voluntary HIV counselling and testing services among fishing communities in Uganda." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2954.
Full textAbstract:
The study explored, described and explained the current models of voluntary counselling and testing services delivery and analysed the extent to which a given VCT model had influenced uptake of VCT services in the fishing communities along the shores of Lake Victoria, in Wakiso District, with an aim of designing optimal VCT service delivery strategies. The study was therefore exploratory, descriptive and explanatory, and collected both qualitative and quantitative data in a three-phased approach. Phase I involved the Kasenyi fishing community respondents, while phases II and III involved VCT managers and VCT counsellors at the Entebbe and Kisubi Hospitals.
The findings indicated that VCT services are generally available onsite at health facilities, and in the field through mobile VCT outreach or home-based VCT services provided at clients’ homes. Both client-initiated and health provider-initiated VCT services are available and services are integrated with other health services. Despite the availability of VCT, only about half of the respondents in phase I had accessed VCT services although almost all indicated a willingness to undergo HIV testing in the near future. The main challenges to service delivery and utilisation included limited funding and staffing as well as limited awareness in target communities. The strategies drawn are based on the need to increase availability, accessibility, acceptability and utilisation of VCT services.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
43
Maredi, Ngwanankwane Deborah. "A living theory approach to investigating the need for the establishment of a VCT clinic in the Kingsway informal settlement, Ekhurhuleni." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28286.
Full textAbstract:
This study was undertaken in the Kingsway informal settlement, which is situated in Ekhurhuleni on the East Rand. This is a poor community as many residents are unemployed and unable to obtain adequate healthcare especially for HIV/AIDS. The perceived high rate of HIV infection, as well as, the apparent high death rate due to AIDS was my major concern. Intervention and help were my main intention. I was motivated to embark on this study to be empowered and informed about treatment processes of HIV/AIDS. The study was intended to use living theory action research to investigate the need for establishing a Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) centre. For action in the real environment a research team was formed from volunteers. The relevant influential persons in the community were consulted and the required permission obtained to embark on the study. This was also to ensure that there was co-operation from community leaders. Proper documents, giving permission, were obtained after formal requests were made. Ethical guidelines were followed in this research. I started by stating my values before the research. During the process I showed how my values were transformed by various activities that were intended to educate me. These changes were indications of my development. At the end of the study I indicated how my initial values were improved or transformed, and what new values I gained.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Psychology
unrestricted
44
Sibanda, Laura P. V. "Female university students' motivations for undergoing voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) and the percieved effectiveness of the test on sexual risk behaviour : an exploratory study." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/900.
Full textAbstract:
Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) has been predominantly used for diagnostic purposes and it has been suggested VCT could help reduce the spread of the disease by preventing those who test HIV-negative from contracting the disease and also preventing those who are HIV positive from further spreading it by practising safer sex. While there is research focusing on understanding the implications of VCT for HIV positive individuals, little is to be found on the influence of the experience of VCT on the sexual behaviour of individuals who undergo VCT and obtain HIV negative results. Even less is known about the influence of VCT on university students in South Africa. The aim of the study is to explore the perceived influence of VCT on the sexual risk behaviour of HIV negative female University of KwaZulu-Natal students. This qualitative study made use of in-depth interviews conducted with 6 female university students recruited from the HIVAN Support Centre at the University of KwaZulu- Natal, Howard Collage Campus. The findings of this study suggest that VCT is generally perceived as effective in helping to reduce risktaking among HIV negative participants. At the same time participants felt motivated to do what it takes to obtain a negative result on their next test. However, one participants' felt that her negative results could make her vulnerable to pressures from her partner to practice unsafe sex. For VCT to have a positive impact on the sexual behaviour of individuals who test negative, programmes should provide up to date information, as part of pre and post test counselling, in a clear manner to avoid miscommunication and misunderstanding on the part of participants. Further, more support needs to be provided to individuals who are HIV negative in the form of support groups or open forums that encourage young people to discuss what situations put them at risk as well as assist other members of the group to deal with such situations.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.
45
Jafta, Zukiswa. "An Exploration of Barriers Associated with Low Voluntary Counselling and Testing Uptake by Adult Tuberculosis Patients Attending Primary Health Care Clinics, Buffalo City Municipality, Eastern Cape." Thesis, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1614_1259920179.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study is to explore the barriers associated with low VCT uptake by the TB patients attending primary health care clinics within the Buffalo City municipality. The study population was drawn from TB patients attending the primary health care facilities in Buffalo city municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. Eight participants were purposively selected to include those who had accepted VCT as well as those who did not.
46
Ndlazi, Bandile Ernerst. "Acceptance, accessibility and utilisation of VCT services by women using contraceptives at city of Johannesburg Municipal clinics." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19208.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The South Africa’s reproductive health policy put more emphasis on dual methods in preventing unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission. Regardless of such policies, the uptake of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services remains a personal choice.
Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine the accessibility, acceptance and utilisation of VCT services by women on hormonal contraceptives.
Methods: About 134 women obtaining hormonal contraceptives were interviewed in a cross-sectional study. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis was applied to analyse the study data.
Results: Respondents displayed positive attitudes towards Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) testing. Unavailability and poor access to in-house VCT services was found to be a barrier for use of these services.
Conclusion: There’s a need for provider initiated counselling and testing (PICT) strengthening and integration of VCT services into family planning.Health Studies
M (Public Health)
362.104256
47
Ndlazi, Bandile Ernest. "Acceptance, accessibility and utilisation of VCT services by women using contraceptives at City of Johannesburg Municipal clinics." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19208.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The South Africa’s reproductive health policy put more emphasis on dual methods in preventing unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission. Regardless of such policies, the uptake of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services remains a personal choice.
Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine the accessibility, acceptance and utilisation of VCT services by women on hormonal contraceptives.
Methods: About 134 women obtaining hormonal contraceptives were interviewed in a cross-sectional study. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis was applied to analyse the study data.
Results: Respondents displayed positive attitudes towards Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) testing. Unavailability and poor access to in-house VCT services was found to be a barrier for use of these services.
Conclusion: There’s a need for provider initiated counselling and testing (PICT) strengthening and integration of VCT services into family planning.Public Health
M.P.H. (Public Health)
48
Ross, Margaret Helen. "Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV as a beneficial tool in the health care delivery system from a developing world perspective ; a psychosocial analysis of limitations and possibilities using qualitative grounded theory and quantitative methods." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5893.
Full textAbstract:
The intervention of Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) for the Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is rapidly gaining ground as an essential
component in the health care system in an effort to combat and confront the
spread of this disease. In South Africa where this intervention is gradually
being introduced the application of VCT and the benefits and consequences
likely to ensue from the application of the procedure were evaluated in-depth
using a grounded theory and quantitative approach to describe the
psychosocial dynamics. The interactive transfer of information embodied in
VCT forms an integral part of the intervention and will continue to do so even
when antiretroviral dnugs are uniformly available throughout the South African
healthcare service. The way in which the women who will undergo this
procedure internalise and respond to the information imparted to them during
the counselling is highly significant from an educational and empowering
perspective, regardless of the outcome of the test result. The aim of the
counselling is primarily to promote a rising consciousness amongst patients
and subsequently within their communities in an endeavour to move away
from what is termed 'exceptionalism' and towards 'normalisation' of the
treatment of HIV/AIDS. Communicating the facts about HIV will help to dispel
the myths and stigma which still surround the disease. A convenience sample
of one hundred and twelve women were interviewed whilst attending antenatal
clinics at four different sites in KwaZulu-Natal. In addition a small cross-sectional
sample of service providers and key informants in communities
situated near to the chosen sites were interviewed to explore the perceptions
of VCT and HIV in the current health service and community environment. The
findings revealed that there is to date no mandatory policy which offers VCT
routinely at any of the health centres primarily due to the cost of testing, lack of
posts for trained counsellors and timeous laboratory facilities. Confusion
amongst health personnel regarding current policies of treatment regimens for
HIV/AIDS patients, as well as differing opinions about feeding options for
infants, can undermine counsellors' confidence to handle complex issues
competently from an informed position. Recommendations are that trained
counsellor posts with opportunities for updating of current policies, easily
accessible laboratory facilities and suitable space for confidential counselling
(both oral and visual) be implemented as a priority in the health service. A
more comprehensive service should be universally implemented, not just in
antenatal and communicable disease clinics for ethical reasons of equity
between all members of society. In the same vein the networking and
cumulative energy of NGOs, religious groups and health professionals must be
harnessed to work synergistically to provide sustainable solutions for those
living with HIV and those at risk of becoming infected.Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2001.
49
Ndzombane, Lindelwa. "An investigation of the uptake of voluntary counselling and testing by adolescents aged 15 to 19 at two integrated youth friendly service sites in Gauteng, South Africa." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8050.
Full textAbstract:
Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) is at the core of HIV and AIDS prevention, treatment and care programmes. Timely access to treatment and related services requires knowledge of one‟s HIV status. Adolescents are at the epicentre of the HIV and AIDS pandemic. This study investigated the factors that influence adolescents‟ decisions to actively seek VCT. Semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews were conducted with twelve adolescents aged 15 to 19 who were conveniently selected to participate in the study. The study found that adolescents have extensive knowledge regarding the benefits of VCT and acknowledge the need to test for HIV. However, fear of the consequences of testing positive for HIV such as stigmatisation by family and the community, inability to influence their partners to take an HIV test and the inability to make their own decisions and follow through on them still hinder their maximum uptake of VCT.Sociology
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS
50
Tlaka, Thabang Enoch. "Mentoring in the HIV/AIDS context : exploring the experiences of befrienders." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24241.
Full textAbstract:
Mentoring as a process to develop and enhance the functioning of new members in organisations has become prominent in the last two decades. In various disciplines such as law, education and business, the implementation of mentoring processes and concepts have been embraced. With an estimated two-thirds of the population in sub-Saharan Africa living with HIV/AIDS, health care professionals seem to have also embraced the mentoring process and concepts. In this study the experiences of lay counsellors, referred to as Befrienders, in a mentoring programme were explored. In addition, the researcher sought to identify potential challenges that Befrienders experienced in the mentoring programme, how they understood the challenges and how these challenges were addressed. The researcher then explored the potential skills that may have been learned within the mentoring programme. The exploration also produced some ideas on how the mentoring programme could be improved. Furthermore, the study seems to have made a contribution to mentoring theory. In the study, a convenient sample of five formal interviews and two pilot interviews were conducted. The participants consisted of four students, and one staff member from the University of Pretoria. Participants were interviewed for 1½ hours using semi-structured, individual and face-to-face interviews. A thematic analysis was used to interpret the data and social constructionism was used as the theoretical framework to make sense of the findings. In the findings, five prominent themes were identified, namely: (i) Being mentored (Experiencing the programme), (ii) Interpersonal relationships (Experiencing others), (iii) A developing inner world (Experiencing the Self), (iv) Negotiating boundaries (Managing relationships), and (v) Other issues related to HIV/AIDS (Experiencing the context). It was found, among other things, that the Befrienders constructed their own understanding of the mentoring process, that they used the mentoring relationship with their supervisor to understand the clients, and that they developed new perspectives as they learned about themselves. Finally, as a result of being mentored and of the process of development, the Befrienders seemed to have developed a deeper desire to do more work in the HIV/AIDS context.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Psychology
unrestricted