Academic literature on the topic 'Voluntary health agencies'

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Journal articles on the topic "Voluntary health agencies"

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Smith, Dennis W., and Jacob A. Gayle. "Voluntary Health Agencies: Experiential Classes with Class." Health Education 19, no. 4 (September 1988): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00970050.1988.10616038.

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&NA;. "$1.5 Billion Spent By Voluntary Health Agencies." Nursing Research 37, no. 4 (July 1988): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198807000-00005.

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Gibelman, Margaret. "National Voluntary Health Agencies in an Era of Change:." Administration in Social Work 14, no. 3 (November 15, 1990): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j147v14n03_02.

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Ottman, Ruth, Mervyn Susser, and W. Allen^Hauser. "Voluntary health agencies as target populations for epidemiologic research." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 41, no. 10 (January 1988): 979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(88)90035-2.

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Debabar, Banerji. "Voluntary Agencies And India′s National Tuberculosis Programme." Indian Journal of Community Medicine 10, no. 2 (1985): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.53825.

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Mitchell, Mary. "Adolescent counselling services in the voluntary sector." Psychiatric Bulletin 23, no. 5 (May 1999): 270–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.23.5.270.

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Aims and methodWhile Youth Access attempts to organise voluntary counselling services for young people on a national level research describing such agencies is lacking. In order to investigate their activity with a view to multi-agency collaboration, a questionnaire was distributed to eight agencies in Hampshire.ResultsThe responses demonstrate a strong emphasis on accessibility and informality. Although agencies have reported increasing numbers of service user contacts little attempt has been made to quantify and evaluate the service provided.Clinical implicationsEfforts to organise, evaluate and improve accountability in the voluntary sector might spoil these fundamental components for the disaffected adolescent.
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Lichtman, Marshall A., Marjorie D. Hunter, and Gunta J. Liders. "Intellectual property—the dispute between research institutions and voluntary health agencies." Nature Biotechnology 22, no. 4 (April 1, 2004): 385–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0404-385.

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Bowenkamp, Christine Dusty. "Community Collaboration in Disaster: The Role of Voluntary Agencies." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 15, no. 4 (December 2000): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00025334.

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AbstractAlthough the United States has been impacted by numerous devastating disasters over the last 10 years, there have been only limited efforts between the governmental and non-profit/voluntary organizations to meet the multiple disaster health and mental health needs of the community. Too often, responding organizations compete to provide services, duplicate efforts, and frequently under-estimate the need for services.Recent efforts have been undertaken by The American Red Cross and other groups to resolve this issue. Governmental and community-based organizations have been invited to participate in planning sessions to pre-identify roles and responsibilities, as well as to exchange key information about the services each group can and does provide.These efforts have lead to an increased awareness of the potential problems and the development of cohesive plans to provide medical and emotional support services to impacted communities. This has led to improved care for those with serious injuries or psychological crisis, while those with less critical problems have been managed appropriately without needing to be immediately referred to overcrowded emergency departments or physician's offices.
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Billis, David. "Planned Change in Voluntary and Government Social Service Agencies." Administration in Social Work 16, no. 3-4 (January 6, 1993): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j147v16n03_03.

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Sato, Hiroki, and Yutaka Sakurai. "The Contribution of Residents Who Cooperate With Ring-Vaccination Measures Against Smallpox Epidemic." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 6, no. 3 (October 2012): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2012.45.

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ABSTRACTObjectives: Establishing containment measures against the potential spread of the smallpox virus has become a major issue in the public health field since the 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between the level of activity of public health agencies and the voluntary cooperation of residents with ring-vaccination measures against a smallpox epidemic.Methods: A discrete-time, stochastic, individual-based model was used to simulate the spread of a smallpox epidemic that has become a more pressing topic due to 9/11 and to assess the effectiveness of and required resources for ring-vaccination measures in a closed community. In the simulation, we related sensitive tracing to the level of activity of the public health agency and strict isolation to the level of voluntary cooperation from residents.Results: Our results suggest that early and intensive case detection and contact tracing by public health agencies can reduce the scale of an epidemic and use fewer total resources. In contrast, voluntary reporting by the traced contacts of symptom onset after vaccination had little impact on the scale of epidemic in our model. However, it reduced the total required resources, indicating that citizens' voluntary cooperation would contribute to reducing the burden on public health agencies.Conclusions: We conclude that a combined effort on the part of public health agencies and residents in performing containment measures is essential to quickly ending a smallpox epidemic.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:270–276)
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Voluntary health agencies"

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Bonell, Christopher Philip. "Evidence as a resource of control and resistance in 'advanced liberal' health systems : the case of HIV prevention in the UK." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10006620/.

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Santos, Vicente Saul Moreira dos. "Entidades filantrópicas e políticas públicas no combate à lepra: Ministério Gustavo Capanema (1934-1945)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2006. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/6105.

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Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T15:55:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 4.pdf: 8159165 bytes, checksum: bfeeb008d7744bbb4d2730105fbd8609 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Tem como objeto as políticas e medidas contra a lepra levadas a cabo no Brasil pelo Ministério da Educação e Saúde Pública durante a Era Vargas, mais especificamente, o período em que foi chefiado por Gustavo Capanema (1934 a 1945). Analisa a política nacional de combate à lepra elaborada e implementada pelo Ministério nesse período, em cooperação com entidades filantrópicas, instituições profissionais e de pesquisa.
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Wilke, Corvin Jamie Antoinette. "The role of organizational culture in the delivery of humanitarian assistance and inter-organizational collaboration." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001653.

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Scaife, Wendy A. "Transforming human energy to power for change : development principles for charitable health organisations seeking to optimise community and other support of Australian medical science." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36364/1/36364_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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Barros, Fabio Batalha Monteiro de. "Fisioterapia, poliomielite e filantropia: a ABBR e a formação do fisioterapeuta no Rio de Janeiro (1954-1965)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2009. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/6153.

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Durante os anos de 1950, em diferentes países do mundo, surtos epidêmicos de poliomielite deixaram milhares de pessoas, principalmente crianças, com graves sequelas. No Brasil, o clamor social diante das consequências das epidemias de paralisia infantil, as matérias na imprensa e a associação de médicos a empresários, industriais, banqueiros, políticos e familiares das vítimas de poliomielite criaram as condições para o surgimento de uma entidade filantrópica na antiga Capital Federal, a Associação Brasileira Beneficente de Reabilitação (ABBR). O objetivo principal desta tese é analisar o processo de profissionalização da fisioterapia no Rio de Janeiro, a partir da criação da ABBR, em 1954, até o reconhecimento da Escola de Reabilitação do Rio de Janeiro (ERRJ), em 1965. São debatidos o desenvolvimento da fisioterapia e reabilitação no pós-segunda Guerra, o impacto social da poliomielite e a sua relação com ações de filantropia e a mobilização da sociedade carioca em torno da ABBR. A partir da discussão sobre a poliomielite são analisados, do ponto de vista histórico, os critérios para definição de prioridades e alocação de recursos em saúde pública e as responsabilidades assumidas pelo Estado em relação ao tratamento dos doentes. A principal conclusão da tese é que a poliomielite teve um papel central na criação da ABBR e da ERRJ e que estas instituições, assim como a AFEG, tiveram papel decisivo na profissionalização da fisioterapia no país.
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McKay, Marion Lynne Clark. "Saints and sanitarians : the role of women's voluntary agencies in the development of Winnipeg's public health system, 1882-1945." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/7917.

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This thesis argues that gender shaped the roles available to the men and women who created Winnipeg's public health system between 1882 and the 1940s. Before the First World War, Winnipeg's male-dominated health department focussed almost exclusively on sanitation and regulation. At the same time, female social reformers founded two voluntary visiting nursing organizations and pioneered school health and maternal/child health programs. Gendered ideas about appropriate roles for men and women in the public sphere established the boundaries between these two approaches to public health. Because gender is an unstable construct, this division of labour changed over time. As female-led organizations became increasingly dependent on grants from organized charity and government, their managerial practices came under the scrutiny of male bureaucrats. These professional men destabilized the previously established boundaries between civic and voluntary public health programs. Voluntary organizations lost much of their autonomy and physicians exerted increased control over the practices of visiting nurses. Finally, many programs initiated by the visiting nursing associations were taken over by the civic health department. Public health programs were also used to maintain social order and regulate individual behaviour. The programs pioneered by Winnipeg's visiting nursing associations were convenient vehicles for elite and middle class women to disseminate multiple messages to immigrant and working class women about the appropriate behaviours, attitudes, and beliefs expected of Canadian citizens. Finally, this thesis demonstrates that women's contributions to Winnipeg's public health system, although largely ignored in the standard histories, established a legacy and a pattern that shape the publicly funded system to this day. However, by 1945, lay women and professional nurses were virtually excluded from policy development within Winnipeg's public health system.
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Books on the topic "Voluntary health agencies"

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Sahni, Ashok. The third force in health care, voluntary sector: Role of voluntary organizations in health and family welfare in India. Bangalore: Indian Society of Health Administrators, 1992.

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Organizations, American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Committee on Voluntary Health and Welfare. Audits of voluntary health and welfare organizations. 2nd ed. New York, N.Y: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 1988.

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National Council for International Health (U.S.). Directory of U.S. international health organizations. Washington, D.C: National Council for International Health, 1992.

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National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U.S.). Office of Scientific and Health Reports., ed. Neurological disorders: Voluntary health agencies and other patient resources. Bethesda, Md: Office of Scientific and Health Reports, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 1997.

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Piyasiriwat, Mongkhon. Kāndamnœ̄nngān chomrom ʻāsāsamak sāthāranasuk Phāk Nư̄a, pī 2538. Nakhō̜n Sawan: Sūn Fưk ʻOprom læ Phatthanā Kānsāthāranasuk Mūnthān Phāk Nư̄a, 1995.

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Great Britain. Overseas Development Administration., ed. Action on health and population. [London]: ODA, 1992.

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Family Planning Association of India., ed. Directory of voluntary organisations involved/interested in undertaking health and family welfare activities. Bombay: Family Planning Association of India, 1993.

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Duin, Nancy. Health help '87/88. London: Published for Thames Television's Help! Programme by Bedford Square Press / NCVO, 1987.

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Hubbard, Nyla Jo Jones. Doctors without Borders in Ethiopia: Among the Afar. New York: Algora Pub., 2011.

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Alliance, White Ribbon. Awareness, mobilization, and action for safe motherhood: A field guide. Washington, D.C: NGO Networks for Health, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Voluntary health agencies"

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Subramanian, Mangala. "Voluntary Health Agencies." In Handbook of Community Medicine, 517. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11695_12.

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Roemer, Milton I. "Voluntary Health Agencies." In National Health Systems of The World volume 2, 106–17. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195078459.003.0007.

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Abstract Organized activities outside of government for a health objective are another part of the national health system in virtually every country. The health objectives may be very different and the strategies employed quite diverse, but health services are influenced in some way.
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Khan, Asif. "International Health and Voluntary Agencies." In Mastering Community Medicine, 280. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11410_30.

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Suryakantha, AH. "National Voluntary Health Agencies/Organizations." In Community Medicine With Recent Advances, 763. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11420_43.

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Suryakantha, AH. "National Voluntary Health Agencies/Organizations." In Community Medicine with Recent Advances, 805. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12215_40.

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Clement, I. "Voluntary Health Agencies in India." In Basic Concepts of Community Health Nursing, 248. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10073_18.

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Suryakantha, AH. "National Voluntary Health Agencies/Organizations." In Community Medicine with Recent Advances, 881. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12912_42.

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"Building the evidence base: the contribution of the Department of Health’s Policy Research Programme (England)." In Public Health Evidence, edited by Christine McGuire, 83–94. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198520832.003.0007.

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Abstract The evidence base for public health interventions is not static and a wide range of agencies at local, national, and international level have a role in its development. At national level, research councils and voluntary sector research funders are major players. Government departments are also important funders of public health research, occupying a unique position between the research community and the needs of national policymakers and agencies engaged in service delivery.
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Lankester, Ted. "Community health as part of the health system." In Setting up Community Health Programmes in Low and Middle Income Settings, edited by Ted Lankester and Nathan Grills, 37–54. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198806653.003.0003.

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This chapter elaborates on co-operating with others in community health, particularly working with government, aid, and funding organizations. It explores what government is and whether government or the NGO carries out health care more effectively. It discusses how the government and civil society organizations (NGOs and others) can work together for everyone’s benefit. It provides practical guidelines for those working with or for governments, and suggests resources that are available from government health services. It troubleshoots problems faced by agencies, and goes into detail about collaboration between voluntary agencies, the private sector, doctors, traditional health practitioners (THPs), and hospitals. It includes guidelines for working with THPs in the community setting.
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Bower, Peter, and Wendy Macdonald. "Developing Tier 1 services." In Child and adolescent mental health services: strategy, planning, delivery, and evaluation, 425–38. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198508441.003.0030.

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Abstract The NHS Health Advisory Service (HAS) proposed a four-tier model of child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) (NHS Health Advisory Service 1995). Tier 1 was defined as ‘agencies that offer first line services to the public and with whom they make direct contact’ (p. 135). Included in this definition are general practitioners (GPs) and health visitors (HVs), teachers, school nurses, and school medical officers, social workers, and other workers from the statutory and voluntary agencies.
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Conference papers on the topic "Voluntary health agencies"

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Lutz, Robert J., and Robert P. Prior. "Comparison of Fukushima Response in the United States and Europe." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60101.

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The accident at the three reactor units at Fukushima Daiichi showed weaknesses in the plant coping capability for beyond design basis accidents caused by extreme external events. The weaknesses included plant design features, accident management procedures and guidance, and offsite emergency response. As a result, significant changes to plant coping capability have been made to light water reactors worldwide to enhance the coping capabilities for beyond design basis accidents. However, the response in the United States has been significantly different from that in Europe in a number of ways. In the United States, the regulator and the industry convened separate expert panels to review the Fukushima accident and make recommendations for enhancements. On the regulatory side, a series of three Orders were issued and that required the implementation of certain enhancements (Mitigation strategies, hardened vents for certain BWRs, spent fuel pool level indication) to ensure adequate protection for the health and safety of the public. Other enhancements were subject to the “Backfit Rule” which requires that changes to regulatory requirements be shown to be cost beneficial using accepted methodologies. Simultaneously, the industry took independent steps to develop a diverse and flexible coping strategies (known as FLEX) and other enhancements. The focus in the United States was clearly on enhancements to guarantee continued core, containment and spent fuel pool cooling in the event of beyond design basis accidents, particularly those resulting from extreme external events. In Europe, the regulatory agencies ordered the development and completion of “Stress Tests” for each reactor site. These Stress Tests were focused on identifying the capability of the plant and its staff to respond to increasingly severe external events. The Stress Tests not only examined the ability to maintain core, containment and spent fuel pool cooling but also the ability to mitigate the consequences of accidents that progress to core damage (i.e., a severe accident). Regulatory requirements were then issued by the national regulators that addressed the weaknesses identified from the Stress Tests. While many of the enhancements to the plant coping capability were similar to those in the United States, significant hardware enhancements were also required to reduce the consequences of core damage accidents including hydrogen control and containment filtered venting. Finally, most European regulators also include severe accident management guidance (SAMG) as a regulatory requirement. In the United States, SAMG will be maintained as a voluntary industry commitment that is subject to regulatory oversight review.
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Doerr, William W., and Kumar Bhimavarapu. "Overview of U.S. Process Safety Regulations and ANSI/ISA S84.01 for an Integrated Risk Program." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1153.

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Abstract In response to major chemical and nuclear accidents that have occurred during the past two decades, the U.S. government has promulgated two regulations aimed at protecting workers, the community, and the environment from accidental releases of hazardous chemicals. These regulations are the US Occupational Safety & Health Administration’s [OSHA] Process Safety Management [PSM] Standard and the US Environmental Protection Agency’s [EPA] Risk Management Program [RMP]. The applicability for each regulation is discussed with a review of what is affected, who is responsible, when is compliance required, and how is compliance manifested. In addition, the recent ANSI/ISA S84.01 standard for the process industries introduces additional or new responsibilities that are not featured explicitly in either the OSHA or EPA regulations. The pooling of the requirements from these US regulations and voluntary ANSI/ISA standard establishes the requirements for an integrated risk program [IRP]. The objective of an integrated risk program is compliance, reduction in resource requirements, and improvement of productivity at a plant. The general requirements for an IRP are summarized showing the area of regulatory overlap.
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Gabillaud-Poillion, Florence. "Radium Diagnosis Campaign." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59327.

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In line with the approaches already adopted in France during the 90s on various sites where research and/or radium-extraction activities were mostly conducted in the past, the French public authorities wish from now on to pursue their prevention and site-rehabilitation approach inherited from the French craftsman and medical sectors that used that radioelement. As a matter of fact, radium has been in use in several medical activities, notably in the initial methods of cancer therapy. Similarly, it was also used in some craftsman activities, such as the clock industry, for its radioluminescent properties, the fabrication of lightning conductors or cosmetics until the 60s. Those activities have generated various traces of pollution that have remained today. On the basis of the different inventories of industrial sites where radium may have been held or used, and notably the inventory updated by the French Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (Institut de radioprotection et de suˆrete´ nucle´aire – IRSN) in 2007 at the request of the French Nuclear Safety Authority (Autorite´ de suˆrete´ nucle´aire – ASN), French State services have potentially identified 134 sites that hosted radium-related activities in France. The radiological status of those sites is either unknown or very partially known by State services. Sites include both dwellings or commercial premises and derelict lands. The “Radium Diagnosis Campaign” (Operation Diagnostic Radium), consists of a radiological survey carried out by the IRSN. In cases where traces of radium are detected, plans call for the implementation of precautionary measures and of a medical follow-up of the relevant populations. Lastly, radium-contaminated sites are rehabilitated by the French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (Agence nationale pour la gestion des de´chets radioactifs – Andra). That voluntary and positive approach on the part of public authorities is fully financed by public funds, and consequently, at no cost for the tenants of the premises involved, whether it involves the diagnosis, the individual health follow-up or the rehabilitation. The first diagnosis phase, which focused on the Iˆle-de-France Region (Paris and suburbs), was launched in September 2010. At the end of the year, six sites grouping a total of 40 premises or dwellings had already been fully surveyed. Traces of pollution were detected on 10 of those premises where rehabilitation activities are already under way. So far, that approach has been received favourably by the populations concerned.
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Reports on the topic "Voluntary health agencies"

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Hackbarth, Carolyn, and Rebeca Weissinger. Water quality in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network: Water years 2016–2018 (revised with cost estimate). National Park Service, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279508.

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Water-quality monitoring in National Park Service units of the Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) is made possible through partnerships between the National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring Division, individual park units, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Utah Division of Water Quality. This report evaluates data from site visits at 62 different locations on streams, rivers, and reservoirs in or near ten NCPN park units between October 1, 2015 and September 30, 2018. Data are compared to state water-quality standards for the purpose of providing information to park managers about potential water-quality problems. The National Park Service does not determine the regulatory status of surface waters; state water quality agencies determine whether waters comply with the Clean Water Act. Evaluation of water-quality parameters relative to state water-quality standards indicated that 17,997 (96.8%) of the 18,583 total designated beneficial-use evaluations completed for the period covered in this report met state water-quality standards. The most common exceedances or indications of impairment, in order of abundance, were due to elevated nutrients, elevated bacteria (E. coli), elevated water temperature, elevated trace metals, elevated total dissolved solids (and sulfate), elevated pH, and low dissolved oxygen. While some exceedances were recurring and may have been caused by human activities in the watersheds, many were due to naturally occurring conditions characteristic of the geographic setting. This is most apparent with phosphorus, which can be introduced into surface water bodies at elevated levels by natural weathering of the geologic strata found throughout the Colorado Plateau. Higher phosphorus concentrations could also be attributed to anthropogenic activities that can accelerate erosion and transport of phosphorus. Some activities that can increase erosional processes include grazing, logging, mining, pasture irrigation, and off-highway vehicle (OHV) use. Exceedances for total phosphorus were common occurrences at nine out of ten NCPN park units, where at least one site in each of these parks had elevated phosphorus concentrations. At these sites, high levels of nutrients have not led to algal blooms or other signs of eutrophication. Sites monitored in Arches National Park (NP), Black Canyon of the Gunnison NP (BLCA), Bryce Canyon NP (BRCA), Capitol Reef NP (CARE), Curecanti National Recreation Area (CURE), Dinosaur National Monument (DINO), and Zion NP (ZION) all had E. coli ex-ceedances that could be addressed by management actions. While many of these sites already have management actions underway, some of the actions necessary to bring these waters into compliance are beyond the control of the National Park Service. Changes to agricultural practices to improve water quality involves voluntary participation by landowners and/or grazing permittees and their respective states. This could be the case with lands upstream of several parks with E. coli contamination issues, including Red Rock Canyon (BLCA); Sul-phur, Oak, and Pleasant creeks (CARE); Blue Creek and Cimarron River (CURE); Brush and Pot creeks (DINO); and North Fork Virgin River (ZION). Issues with E. coli contamination at Yellow Creek (BRCA) seemed to be resolved after the park boundary fence downstream of the site was repaired, keeping cattle out of the park. At North Fork Virgin River, E. coli exceedances have been less frequent since the State of Utah worked with landowners and grazing permittees to modify agricultural practices. Continued coordination between the National Park Service, state agencies, and local landowners will be necessary to further re-duce E. coli exceedances and, in turn, improve public health and safety in these streams. Selenium concentrations in Red Rock Canyon (BLCA) continued to exceed the state aquat-ic-life standard at both the upstream and downstream sites. Although selenium weathers naturally from bedrock and...
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