Academic literature on the topic 'Voluntary Restrictions'

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Journal articles on the topic "Voluntary Restrictions"

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Soutschek, Alexander, and Philippe N. Tobler. "Know your weaknesses: Sophisticated impulsiveness motivates voluntary self-restrictions." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 46, no. 9 (2020): 1611–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000833.

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Lovell, Sabrina J., and David L. Sunding. "Voluntary Development Restrictions and the Cost of Habitat Conservation." Real Estate Economics 29, no. 2 (2001): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1080-8620.00007.

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Lee, Inmoo, Michael Lemmon, Yan Li, and John M. Sequeira. "Do voluntary corporate restrictions on insider trading eliminate informed insider trading?" Journal of Corporate Finance 29 (December 2014): 158–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2014.07.005.

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Gross, Jörg, and Robert Böhm. "Voluntary restrictions on self-reliance increase cooperation and mitigate wealth inequality." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 46 (2020): 29202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013744117.

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Humans are considered a highly cooperative species. Through cooperation, we can tackle shared problems like climate change or pandemics and cater for shared needs like shelter, mobility, or healthcare. However, cooperation invites free-riding and can easily break down. Maybe because of this reason, societies also enable individuals to solve shared problems individually, like in the case of private healthcare plans or private retirement planning. Such “self-reliance” allows individuals to avoid problems related to public goods provision, like free-riding or underprovision, and decreases social
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Kurita, Junko, Yoshiyuki Sugishita, Tamie Sugawara, and Yasushi Ohkusa. "Evaluating Apple Inc Mobility Trend Data Related to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan: Statistical Analysis." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 7, no. 2 (2021): e20335. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20335.

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Background In Japan, as a countermeasure against the COVID-19 outbreak, both the national and local governments issued voluntary restrictions against going out from residences at the end of March 2020 in preference to the lockdowns instituted in European and North American countries. The effect of such measures can be studied with mobility data, such as data which is generated by counting the number of requests made to Apple Maps for directions in select countries/regions, sub-regions, and cities. Objective We investigate the associations of mobility data provided by Apple Inc and an estimate
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Bejarano, Hernán, Pedro Hancevic, and Héctor M. Núñez. "Impacto económico del covid-19 en negocios pequeños y medianos bajo restricciones voluntarias e impuestas." econoquantum 18, no. 2 (2021): 23–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18381/eq.v18i2.7229.

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Objetivo: Analizar el impacto que la pandemia ocasionada por el nuevo coronavirus (covid-19) ha tenido en los gastos, ventas, expectativas, percepción de las políticas del gobierno, medidas remediales y de adaptación frente a la crisis, de pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) comerciales y de servicio en la zona metropolitana de Aguascalientes. Metodología: Descripción de los resultados de la encuesta, pruebas no-paramétricas, estimación de la matriz de transición y análisis de regresión. Resultados: Evidencia de a) una dramática caída en los ingresos frente a cierta inflexibilidad hacia la ba
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Beatty, Anne, and Joseph Weber. "The Effects of Debt Contracting on Voluntary Accounting Method Changes." Accounting Review 78, no. 1 (2003): 119–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2003.78.1.119.

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This study examines whether the provisions of a firm's bank debt contracts affect its accounting choices. Starting with a sample of firms who have bank debt and who also voluntarily changed accounting methods, we investigate whether the likelihood that the change in accounting method increased (rather than decreased) the borrower's income depends on (1) whether the change in accounting method affects the bank debt contract calculations, (2) the expected costs of violating the bank debt covenants, (3) whether performance pricing provisions affect the interest rate on the loan, and (4) whether t
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Matt, Georg E., Addie L. Fortmann, Penelope J. E. Quintana, et al. "Towards smoke-free rental cars: an evaluation of voluntary smoking restrictions in California." Tobacco Control 22, no. 3 (2012): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050231.

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Booms, S., E. Hill, L. Kulhanek, J. Vredeveld, and B. Gregg. "Iodine Deficiency and Hypothyroidism From Voluntary Diet Restrictions in the US: Case Reports." PEDIATRICS 137, no. 6 (2016): e20154003-e20154003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-4003.

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Morean, Meghan E., Krysten W. Bold, Grace Kong, et al. "High school students’ use of JUUL pod flavors before and after JUUL implemented voluntary sales restrictions on certain flavors in 2018." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0243368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243368.

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Objectives In November 2018, JUUL, Inc. restricted sales of mango, fruit medley, crème brûlée, and cucumber pods to its website. Physical/online sales of tobacco, menthol, and mint pods continued. We examined rates of adolescent JUUL device and flavored pod use before and after restrictions were implemented to examine their potential impact. Methods Students from 4 Connecticut high schools completed cross-sectional surveys in 2018 (N = 3170) and 2019 (N = 3074). Results Compared to 2018, current (past-month) JUUL use decreased in 2019 (30.2–25.6%). Among current JUUL users, restricted flavor u
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Voluntary Restrictions"

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Halich, Gregory Stewart. "Estimating Changes in Residential Water Demand for Voluntary and Mandatory Water-Use Restrictions Implemented during the 2002 Virginia Drought." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28479.

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Municipal water suppliers are increasingly faced with implementing programs to address temporary water shortages in the United States. Having reliable estimates for the effectiveness of these programs will help in water supply planning. This dissertation estimates the reductions in residential water-use for voluntary and mandatory water-use restrictions used in Virginia during the 2002 drought. These restrictions were evaluated using both a conventional approach (single-dummy variable for each) and non-conventional approach where program intensity was accounted for. Program intensity was m
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Gondard, Élise. "Régulation du cycle veille-sommeil par l'histamine et ses récepteurs, études utilisant des modèles de souris knock-out." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10120.

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De nombreuses études de notre laboratoire ont montré le rôle prépondérant des neurones à histamine (HA) dans le contrôle de l'activation corticale et de l'éveil (Ev). Grâce aux divers modèles de souris knockout (KO), cette thèse a apporté de nouvelles données expérimentales confortant le rôle majeur de l’HA dans le contrôle de l’Ev. D’une part, la comparaison des phénotypes des souris sans HA de fond C57BL/6J à ceux observés précédemment chez les souris sans HA de fond 129/Sv nous a permis de confirmer que la somnolence et le déficit en Ev seraient bien dus à l’absence de l’HA. D’autre part, n
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Books on the topic "Voluntary Restrictions"

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Federal Workforce Restructuring Act of 1993: Report of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, to accompany S. 1535, to amend Title 5, United States Code, to eliminate narrow restrictions on employee training, to provide a temporary voluntary separation incentive, and for other purposes. U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Bauge, Kenneth L. Voluntary export restriction as a foreign commercial policy with special reference to Japanese cotton textiles, 1930-1962. Garland, 1987.

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Affairs, United States Congress Senate Committee on Governmental. The Federal Workforce Restructuring Act of 1993: Hearing before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, on S. 1535, to amend Title 5, United States Code, to eliminate narrow restrictions on employee training, to provide a temporary voluntary separation incentive, and for other purposes, October 19, 1993. U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Office, General Accounting. Foreign assistance: Impact of funding restrictions on USAID's voluntary family planning program : report to congressional requesters. The Office, 1997.

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Foreign assistance: Impact of funding restrictions on USAID's voluntary family planning program : report to congressional requesters. The Office, 1997.

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Foreign assistance: Impact of funding restrictions on USAID's voluntary family planning program : report to congressional requesters. The Office, 1997.

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Foreign Assistance: Impact Of Funding Restrictions On USAID'S Voluntary Family Planning Program... 158728, B-276613... U.S. GAO... April 25, 1997. s.n., 1998.

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Gerber, David A. American Immigration: A Very Short Introduction. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780197542422.001.0001.

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American Immigration: A Very Short Introduction traces three massive waves of immigration from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, and analyzes the nature of immigration as a purposeful, structured activity, attitudes supporting or hostile to immigration, policies and laws regulating immigration, and the nature of and prospects for assimilation. There have been some dramatic developments since 2011, including the crisis along the southwestern border and the intense conflict over illegal immigration. The population of the United States has diverse sources: territorial acquisition through
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United, States Congress House Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce Manufacturing and Trade. Food marketing: Can "voluntary" government restrictions improve children's health? : joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade and the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, October 12, 2011. 2013.

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6, Perri. Restricting the Freedom of Speech of Charities (Future of Charities & the Voluntary Sector Working Paper). Demos, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Voluntary Restrictions"

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Giles, Theresa C., and B. D. Roebuck. "Effects of Voluntary Exercise and/or Food Restriction on Pancreatic Tumorigenesis in Male Rats." In Exercise, Calories, Fat and Cancer. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7953-9_3.

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Franck, Egon. "Introducing Hard Budget Constraints Without Restricting Entrepreneurs: The Role of Voluntary Agreements in UEFA’s Club Licensing and Financial Fair Play Regulations." In Comparative Economic Studies in Europe. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48295-4_19.

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"Conflicting Preferences and Voluntary Restrictions on Choices." In Economics for an Imperfect World. The MIT Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/2605.003.0011.

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Allam, Zaheer. "The Emergence of Voluntary Citizen Networks to Circumvent Urban Health Data Sharing Restrictions During Pandemics." In Surveying the Covid-19 Pandemic and its Implications. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-824313-8.00005-x.

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Botticini, Maristella, and Zvi Eckstein. "Were the Jews a Persecuted Minority?" In The Chosen Few. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691144870.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the arguments set forth to explain why the Jews became a population of skilled craftsmen, traders, bankers, and physicians and why they created a worldwide urban diaspora. These arguments are grouped into two main categories: ones that highlight exogenous factors (discrimination, restrictions, persecutions, massacres) and ones that emphasize endogenous choices (voluntary self-segregation in order to maintain religious rites, voluntary migration to cities to preserve group identity). The chapter then presents the thesis that in a world populated by illiterate people, the ability to read and write contracts, business letters, and account books using a common alphabet gave the Jews a comparative advantage over other people. The Jews also developed a uniform code of law (the Talmud) and a set of institutions (rabbinic courts, the responsa) that fostered contract enforcement, networking, and arbitrage across distant locations. Thus, high levels of literacy and the existence of contract-enforcement institutions became the levers of the Jewish people.
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Foladori, Guillermo, and Noela Invernizzi. "AgNano, the Construction of Occupational Health Standards: A Status Update." In Silver Micro-Nanoparticles - Properties, Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96104.

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The regulation of chemical substances involves a negotiation between social actors to translate controversial scientific evidence about risks into legal norms. This chapter addresses the discussion elicited by a public consultation on a voluntary regulation guide on silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in workplaces. It examines the comments made from 2016 to 2018 by diverse social actors – business representatives, non-governmental organizations (NGO), and independent researchers – to two successive draft versions of a Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) in working environments with AgNP. The REL is a voluntary guideline on permissible exposure limits elaborated by the NIOSH in the U.S. The methodology used was a qualitative content analysis, structured upon a historical and sociotechnical contextualization of nanotechnologies carried out through literature review. The findings show how different social actors position themselves in the controversy, revealing a pattern of behavior consistent with their position in the research, production, and commercialization of this new nanomaterial. While a group of actors, aligned with the interests of AgNP producers, proposed the restriction of mandatory and AgNP-specific regulation, another group of more heterogeneous actors, identified with the interests of workers and consumers, demanded more scientific and technical information and stricter health protection measures.
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"Invasive Asian Carps in North America." In Invasive Asian Carps in North America, edited by Diana M. Papoulias, James Candrl, Jill A. Jenkins, and Donald E. Tillitt. American Fisheries Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874233.ch18.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—The Asian black carp <em>Mylopharyngodon piceus </em>is of interest to the aquaculture industry in the United States as a biological control for snails and mollusks. However, past experience in North America with other Asian carps has raised concern that black carp will establish wild populations and negatively affect native populations of fish and invertebrates, especially mollusks. The demand for black carp has led biologists to seek ways to allow their use while at the same time maintaining control over their distribution and reproduction. Physical containment and restrictions on importation, release, and stocking have mostly failed. Control of reproduction holds more promise. The induction of triploidy (having three sets of chromosomes), which can render an individual biologically sterile, is of particular interest. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of proposed testing procedures used to assure genetic triploidy in black carp prior to distribution by the state of Missouri, using black carp and grass carp <em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>. Our objectives were to (1) verify if the ploidy determination methodology (nuclear size) employed was 100% accurate, (2) determine growth and survival of juvenile black carp over extended periods of time under laboratory and pond conditions, and (3) histologically examine development and gametogenesis in gonads collected from triploid and diploid black and grass carps of different ages and stages of maturation. Comparison of erythrocyte nuclear size using the Coulter counter method versus the more accurate method of flow cytometry that measures DNA content indicated an error rate of 0.25% by the former method. Black carp grew and survived well in mid-Missouri ponds. Triploid grass carp males appeared to produce functional gametes, and some triploid black carp male testes had apparently normal spermatocytes within cysts. A few normally developing oocytes at previtellogenic and vitellogenic stages were observed in triploid grass carp females, and a few normal perinuclear oocytes could be identified in triploid black carp females. Currently, the standards of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s triploid grass carp voluntary inspection program are being followed by some states to manage triploid black carp. Our results indicate that although the percentage of diploid black carp that could pass through the currently proposed screening program is small, overall numbers of diploid black carp distributed in a state could be substantial depending on the number of triploids distributed. Furthermore, despite indications that triploid male black carp can be expected to be functionally sterile, reproductive studies may be warranted given the large wild populations of diploid grass carp, bighead carp <em>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</em>, and silver carp <em>H. molitrix </em>in the Mississippi River basin system.
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"Invasive Asian Carps in North America." In Invasive Asian Carps in North America, edited by Diana M. Papoulias, James Candrl, Jill A. Jenkins, and Donald E. Tillitt. American Fisheries Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874233.ch18.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—The Asian black carp <em>Mylopharyngodon piceus </em>is of interest to the aquaculture industry in the United States as a biological control for snails and mollusks. However, past experience in North America with other Asian carps has raised concern that black carp will establish wild populations and negatively affect native populations of fish and invertebrates, especially mollusks. The demand for black carp has led biologists to seek ways to allow their use while at the same time maintaining control over their distribution and reproduction. Physical containment and restrictions on importation, release, and stocking have mostly failed. Control of reproduction holds more promise. The induction of triploidy (having three sets of chromosomes), which can render an individual biologically sterile, is of particular interest. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of proposed testing procedures used to assure genetic triploidy in black carp prior to distribution by the state of Missouri, using black carp and grass carp <em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>. Our objectives were to (1) verify if the ploidy determination methodology (nuclear size) employed was 100% accurate, (2) determine growth and survival of juvenile black carp over extended periods of time under laboratory and pond conditions, and (3) histologically examine development and gametogenesis in gonads collected from triploid and diploid black and grass carps of different ages and stages of maturation. Comparison of erythrocyte nuclear size using the Coulter counter method versus the more accurate method of flow cytometry that measures DNA content indicated an error rate of 0.25% by the former method. Black carp grew and survived well in mid-Missouri ponds. Triploid grass carp males appeared to produce functional gametes, and some triploid black carp male testes had apparently normal spermatocytes within cysts. A few normally developing oocytes at previtellogenic and vitellogenic stages were observed in triploid grass carp females, and a few normal perinuclear oocytes could be identified in triploid black carp females. Currently, the standards of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s triploid grass carp voluntary inspection program are being followed by some states to manage triploid black carp. Our results indicate that although the percentage of diploid black carp that could pass through the currently proposed screening program is small, overall numbers of diploid black carp distributed in a state could be substantial depending on the number of triploids distributed. Furthermore, despite indications that triploid male black carp can be expected to be functionally sterile, reproductive studies may be warranted given the large wild populations of diploid grass carp, bighead carp <em>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</em>, and silver carp <em>H. molitrix </em>in the Mississippi River basin system.
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Watson, Lori. "Prostitution and Sex Equality." In Debating Sex Work. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190659882.003.0002.

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Watson aims to present the initial positive case for the Nordic model as a sex equality approach to prostitution. It is argued that social conditions of inequality (based on sex, age, class, race) structure the conditions of entry into prostitution and structure it internally. Watson addresses a series of objections to arguments in favor of restricting markets in sex. Those objections include that any position aiming to curtail prostitution must rest on some form of unjustifiable moralism or paternalism;, that prostitution should be understood as a fully voluntary choice and protected as such; that even if prostitution is exploitative, allowing such exploitation makes persons in prostitution better off than they would be otherwise; and, finally, that persons have rights to markets in sex such that any prohibitive policies violate rights.
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"Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems." In Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems, edited by C. Craig Bonds, John B. Taylor, and Jeremy Leitz. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874066.ch15.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—Rates of voluntary release of legally harvestable largemouth bass <em>Micropterus salmoides </em>have increased over the past few decades, causing managers concern that this behavior is reducing the effectiveness of harvest restriction regulations. We conducted an angler survey to assess the degree to which Texas anglers practice voluntary release, their attitudes towards harvest and slot-length regulations, and factors that influence these attitudes and actions. Our sampling frame consisted of a random sample of general fishing license holders and anglers intercepted by creel surveys on reservoirs managed with a slot-length limit for largemouth bass. Seventy-one percent of largemouth bass anglers reported that they rarely or never harvest fish smaller than the slot. Concerns with contaminants, value of fish as food, or the influence of peers were not reported to be strong factors in their decision to release fish. Increases to the minimum size of the protected slot range or an increase in the daily bag were not effective incentives for harvest of small largemouth bass. Anglers intercepted on slot lakes appeared to have a better understanding of the rationale for slot-length limits and are more likely to harvest fish smaller than the slot. The propensity for general fishing license holders to release small largemouth bass appears to be motivated by a perceived conservation ethic. More anglers rely on friends, magazines, television, and Web sites than other informational sources. We believe these results can be used to enhance effectiveness of educational efforts to encourage angler harvest of largemouth bass smaller than protected slot-length ranges.
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Conference papers on the topic "Voluntary Restrictions"

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Wilde, Douglass J. "Using Student Preferences to Guide Design Team Composition." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/dtm-3890.

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Abstract For five years now Stanford’s Mechanical Engineering Design Division has experimented with restrictions on how students choose the members of their design teams. The constraints are based on voluntary student responses to a short questionnaire, essentially a sampling of questions from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator widely used for vocational and educational counseling. This has produced teams performing qualitatively and quantitatively better, as measured by prizes won in the nationwide Lincoln Foundation Design Competition, than did teams of the thirteen years preceding. In 1995, St
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Baechle, Daniel M., Eric D. Wetzel, and Sunil K. Agrawal. "Design and Fabrication of an Arm Exoskeleton for Aim Stabilization." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13371.

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Accurately aiming and firing a pistol requires a steady hand. While many devices can steady a shooter’s arm or hand by restricting movement or degrees-of-freedom, few devices actively reduce involuntary tremors while allowing larger voluntary aiming movements. This paper details the design and fabrication of an arm exoskeleton that can actively damp arm tremors while allowing voluntary aiming movements. The device allows five degrees-of-freedom and is very lightweight due to its cable-driven architecture and use of carbon fiber composite materials. Tremorous movement is filtered out from volun
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Egami, Kazuya, Takeo Kondo, Kazukiyo Yamamoto, et al. "A Study on a Disaster Relief System for Large-Scale Earthquake Using Pleasure Boats in Tokyo Bay." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57283.

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The Central Disaster Management Council of the Cabinet Office predicts that an earthquake of magnitude 7 will occur in Metropolitan Tokyo and the Tokai area within 30 years. In preparation for such large-scale earthquakes, the government is considering various measures. In this study, we focus on the ‘Umi no eki (Sea Station)’ system developed by the Maritime Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and propose a manual for ‘relief goods transportation’ and ‘stranded-commuter transportation’ using pleasure boats. Since it is important to determine whether pleasure boat own
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