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Journal articles on the topic 'Vorticella stalk'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 23 June 2025

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1

Katoh, K., and Y. Naitoh. "CONTROL OF CELLULAR CONTRACTION BY CALCIUM IN VORTICELLA." Journal of Experimental Biology 189, no. 1 (1994): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.189.1.163.

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1. Vorticella extracted with Triton X-100 contracted (i.e. the cell body shrank and the stalk coiled) when the external Ca2+ concentration was raised. The degree of contraction increased with increasing Ca2+ concentration. 2. The threshold Ca2+ concentration for shrinkage of the cell body was identical with that for coiling of the stalk in Vorticella extracted with Triton X-100. 3. Living Vorticella showed a graded shrinkage of the cell body when Ca2+ buffer was injected into the cell body, while the stalk showed coiling of an all-or-nothing type. The degree of shrinkage of the cell body increased with increasing free Ca2+ concentration of the buffer. 4. Living Vorticella showed a sustained contraction in response to external application or intracellular injection of caffeine. The effect of caffeine was inhibited by intracellular injection of procaine or Ruthenium Red. 5. Vorticella injected with Ruthenium Red showed graded shrinkage of the cell body as well as graded coiling of the stalk when Ca2+ buffer was injected into the cell body. 6. Caffeine, procaine and Ruthenium Red had no measurable effect on Ca2+-activated contraction in Vorticella extracted with Triton X-100. 7. It is assumed that regenerative liberation of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum and/or membranous tubules in the contractile system (Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release) is responsible for evoking contraction of an all-or-nothing type following stimulation in living Vorticella.

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2

Amit, Kumar Verma. "EXPERIMENTS ON VORTICELLA STALK CONTRACTION DYNAMICS." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 5, no. 1 (2020): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3665354.

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Vorticella stalk is a highly contractile device exclusively used to know the behavior of motor proteins (spasmins & batonnets) for new information in the light of thermodynamics. For the same purpose preapproved materials and methods were used to reflect enzyme – kinetics by work, power and force measurement through applying equation of motion, mean and standard deviation, where in case of Vorticella stalk contraction, Vmax became constant at initial stages of mechanical motion but presented upper-limit burst prediction in the presence of DNFB (2, 4 – dinitro – flouro – benzene) from 1 mM to 5 mM. Birefringence variation was 5 to 8 % for pCa. Binding affinity variables were 1 to 2% for batonnets in comparison to spasmins, whereas it was 5 to 6% for myosin in the presence of DNFB. Denominators and numerators were well designed coordinates for geometric explanation with equation of motion. Kcat was prevented by reversible reactions at pHs 5 to 6.8.

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3

KATOH, KAORU, and YUTAKA NAITOH. "A Mechanosensory Mechanism for Evoking Cellular Contraction in Vorticella." Journal of Experimental Biology 168, no. 1 (1992): 253–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.168.1.253.

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1. Vorticella contracted (i.e. shrinkage of the cell body and coiling of the stalk) in response to being touched with a microneedle. 2. The threshold excursion of the microneedle required to evoke a contraction was smallest on the cell body. On the stalk, it was larger in regions farther from the cell body. 3. Hitting the stalk did not evoke a contraction if the stalk was mechanically clamped in a region between the site of the hit and the cell body. 4. Rapidly drawing a small portion of the cell body into a micropipette by suction evoked a contraction, whereas a similar stimulus applied to the stalk did not. 5. The threshold depression of the surface membrane of the cell body required to evoke a contraction was inversely proportional to the rate of depression. 6. Tilting the stalk of a specimen detached from its substratum evoked a contraction. The threshold degree of tilting was inversely proportional to the angular velocity of tilting. 7. Tilting the stalk is assumed to cause a localized depression of the surface membrane of the cell body around the stalk. 8. We concluded (1) that the cell body is mechanosensitive and is the site where contractions are initiated; (2) that hitting the stalk evokes a contraction because the hit exerts a mechanical effect on the cell body; and (3) that the rate of expansion of the membrane of the cell body is responsible for activation of a hypothetical mechanoreceptor mechanism which initiates a contraction. Note: Present address and address for reprint requests: JSPS Liaison Office, Bonn, ‘Bonn-Center’, HI-1104, Bundeskanzlerplatz 2–10, 5300 Bonn 1, Germany.

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4

Andrade, M. F., M. Valdez, A. Virgen-Ortiz, X. Trujillo, M. Huerta, and J. L. Marin. "Vorticella Stalk Characterization via Atomic Force Microscopy." Journal of Scanning Probe Microscopy 2, no. 1 (2007): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jspm.2007.002.

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5

Ryu, Sangjin, and Paul Matsudaira. "Stall force does not affect the stalk coiling propagation of Vorticella convallaria." JMST Advances 3, no. 3 (2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42791-021-00041-z.

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6

Nagai, Moeto, Nobuyoshi Matsumoto, Takahiro Kawashima, and Takayuki Shibata. "Reversible motion control of Vorticella stalk in microchannel." Microelectronic Engineering 108 (August 2013): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2013.03.040.

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7

WIBEL, RON, EMANUEL J. VACCHIANO, JOHN J. MACIEJEWSKI, HOWARD E. BUHSE, and JOHN CLAMP. "The Fine Structure of the Scopula-Stalk Region of Vorticella convallaria." Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 44, no. 5 (1997): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05724.x.

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8

Moriyama, Yasushige, Shigeo Hiyama, and Hiroshi Asai. "High-Speed Video Cinematographic Demonstration of Stalk and Zooid Contraction of Vorticella convallaria." Biophysical Journal 74, no. 1 (1998): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(98)77806-3.

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9

Ryu, Sangjin, and Paul Matsudaira. "Fluid dynamic estimation of the effective spring constant of the relaxing stalk of Vorticella convallaria." JMST Advances 2, no. 1 (2020): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42791-019-00028-x.

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10

Kamiguri, Junko, Noriko Tsuchiya, Ruri Hidema, et al. "Contraction behaviors of Vorticella sp. stalk investigated using high-speed video camera. I: Nucleation and growth model." BIOPHYSICS 8 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophysics.8.1.

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11

Hiroshi, Asai, and Ochiai Tsutomu. "Dependence on ionic strength of the calcium-induced contraction of glycerinated stalk of the peritrich ciliate, Vorticella convallaria." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 87, no. 3 (1987): 565–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(87)90361-6.

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12

Kamiguri, Junko, Noriko Tsuchiya, Ruri Hidema, et al. "Contraction behaviors of Vorticella sp. stalk investigated using high-speed video camera. II: Viscosity effect of several types of polymer additives." BIOPHYSICS 8 (2012): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophysics.8.11.

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13

Hidema, Ruri, Zenji Yatabe, Chihiro Hashimoto, et al. "3P-145 Contraction process of Vorticella stalk measured by high-speed camera(Cell bioiogy,The 47th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan)." Seibutsu Butsuri 49, supplement (2009): S175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.49.s175_5.

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14

BRAMUCCI, MICHAEL G., and VASANTHA NAGARAJAN. "Inhibition of Vorticetta microstoma Stalk Formation by Wheat Germ Agglutinin." Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 51, no. 4 (2004): 425–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2004.tb00389.x.

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15

Ryu, Sangjin, and Paul T. Matsudaira. "How Does Stall Force Affect Contractions of a Biological Spring, Vorticella convallaria?" Biophysical Journal 96, no. 3 (2009): 520a—521a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.2683.

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16

Fang, Jie, Bei Zhang, Ning Chen, and Hiroshi Asai. "Chemical Modification of Glycerinated Stalks Shows Tyrosine Residues Essential for Spasmoneme Contraction of Vorticella sp." Zoological Science 21, no. 5 (2004): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.21.527.

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17

Garcia, Yonara, Felipe M. Neves, Flavio R. Rusch, et al. "Active Displacement of a Unique Diatom–Ciliate Symbiotic Association." Fluids 9, no. 12 (2024): 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids9120283.

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Adaptive movement in response to individual interactions represents a fundamental evolutionary solution found by both unicellular organisms and metazoans to avoid predators, search for resources or conspecifics for mating, and engage in other collaborative endeavors. Displacement processes are known to affect interspecific relationships, especially when linked to foraging strategies. Various displacement phenomena occur in marine plankton, ranging from the large-scale diel vertical migration of zooplankton to microscale interactions around microalgal cells. Among these symbiotic interactions, collaboration between the centric diatom Chaetoceros coarctatus and the peritrich ciliate Vorticella oceanica is widely known and has been recorded in several studies. Here, using 2D and 3D tracking records, we describe the movement patterns of the non-motile, chain-forming diatoms (C. coarctatus) carried by epibiotic ciliates (V. oceanica). The reported data on the Chaetoceros–Vorticella association illustrated the consortium’s ability to generate distinct motility patterns. We established that the currents generated by the attached ciliates, along with the variability in the contraction and relaxation of ciliate stalks in response to food concentration, resulted in three types of trajectories for the consortium. The characteristics of these distinct paths were determined using robust statistical methods, indicating that the different displacement behaviors allowed the consortium to adequately explore distributed resources and remain within the food-rich layers provided in the experimental containers. A simple mechanical–stochastic model was successfully applied to simulate the observed displacement patterns, further supporting the proposed mechanisms of collective response to the environment.

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18

Jiang, Chuanqi, Jing Zhang, Guangying Wang, et al. "Decoding the Nature of the Peritrich Stalk: A Distinctive Organelle in a Large Group of Ciliated Unicellular Eukaryotes." Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 72, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.70006.

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ABSTRACTCiliates represent a diverse assemblage of ancient single‐celled eukaryotes characterized by diverse morphological features. Among certain sessilid peritrich ciliates, an exceptional morphological structure known as the stalk has been documented since the pioneering work of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in the 17th century. This study conducts a comparative genomic analysis of three sessile peritrich species—Epistylis sp., Vorticella campanula, and Zoothamnium arbuscula—and two free‐swimming species, Tetrahymena thermophila and Paramecium tetraurelia, within the class Oligohymenophorea. We find that carbohydrate‐related components are consistently associated with diverse stalk substructures. Evidence suggests that the branched stalks of colonial E. hentscheli are supported by chitin‐based ring‐like structures. Through proteomic analysis of the Epistylis stalk, we found peritrich‐specific genes, including coiled‐coil domain‐containing (CCDC) proteins and epidermal growth factor‐like (EGF‐like) proteins, as key stalk components. CCDC proteins are part of the stalk sheath, and their N‐glycosylation may enhance adhesion between the cell body and stalk through lectin interactions. This study sheds light on the genetic innovations behind the stalk in peritrichs, which support their sessile and colonial lifestyles, and identifies peritrich‐specific CCDC proteins as potential targets for disrupting the attachment of sessilids to aquaculture animals, addressing issues related to epibiotic burden.

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19

Dr. Amit Kumar, Verma. "Biometric Estimation for Understanding the Nature of Vorticella Stalk Contraction-Extension Repeated Consequential Cyclic Processes." International Journal of pharma and Bio Sciences 11, no. 4 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.2021.11.4.l85-96.

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Vorticella stalk is the storehouse of two types of novel proteins, known with the names of spasmins and batonnets. On the basis of nature of proteins and the arrangements of amino acid residues of these proteins, the repeated consequential cyclic processes of contraction dynamics worked by neutralizing the negatively charged amino acid residues as per the laws obeyed by Heber-Weiss, Nernst and Fenton reactions. H+-integrated physiological performances in combination with pCa (partial pressure of calcium ion concentrations) and DNFB (2,4 – dinitrofluorobenzene/Sanger’s reagent) concentration gradients at the range of 1mM to 5mM represented velocity inclination in acidic medium which were more actively pronounced if it was compared with alkaline medium where permeabilized stalk exaggerated potential biochemical-shift-perturbation if it was in respect of non-permeabilized live specimens in both artificial as well as in natural medium in different experimental trials under controlled electro-physiological instrumental setup conditions. On the basis of these experimental designs it was confirmed that spasmins and batonnets are two different types of novel proteins with multitudes of potential applications in the favour of biomedical engineering devices formulation, then their construction at the nano-scale where H+-integrated pCa dependent electrophysiological nature of recommended proteins were found more ROS (reactive oxygen species) resistant if there was the introduction of DNFB in fixed concentrations than in the acto-myosin as well as tubulin-dynein systems being exclusively controlled under post-translational biochemical reactions catalysed in the light of software based modern bioinformatics’ tools and techniques. In live as well as permeabilized specimens, different types of biochemical reaction kinetics of amino acid residues were performed at different rates among the sequentially determined spasmins and batonnets like novel proteins where molecular orientations and motive-force generation in measurable parameters per millisecond confirmed the electrophysiological significance of Vorticella stalks’ on the basis of colligative nature of novel proteins of saccular compartments of spasmoneme, the well explained active contractile organelle of the stalk in relation with other resembling proteins found in Protein Data Bank (PDB) as centrins, calmodulins and others significantly pronounce their life saving and medicinal properties. This present statement/study was aimed to know the biochemical behaviour of spasmins and batonnets like novel proteins in the light of electrochemical behavior of the Vorticella stalk under some selective chemical stress conditions, that’s why this research helped us to know the ROS resistance properties of novel protein polymers found in stalk. On the basis of which reference proteins as described in this paper can be used as a diagnostic tools in pharmaceutical industries in the favour of molecular medicines and drugs’ designing.

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20

Gomez, Fernando. "Symbiotic interactions between ciliates (Ciliophora) and diatoms (Bacillariophyceae)." Revista de Biología Tropical 68, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v68i1.37532.

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Introduction: Diatoms and ciliates are important components of the marine plankton community, and some species are able to develop symbiotic associations in the tropical seas. Objective: To describe the nature of the symbioses, the morphological adaptations of the members, and the possible ecological advantages of the symbiotic life versus the free-living forms. Methods: Plankton samples were collected from Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas, and the South Atlantic Ocean. Consortia were examined during laboratory incubations, including studies of the motility and the feeding currents by high-speed video recordings, and culture tests of the species as symbiotic or free-living forms. Results: The consortia of the diatoms Chaetoceros dadayi and C. tetrastichon with the tintinnid Eutintinnus spp., and C. coarctatus with the peritrich ciliate Vorticella oceanica are examples of an obligate mutualism. The cultures of the host diatoms as free-living organism were unsuccessful. The consortia between Eutintinnus lususundae and the diatoms Chaetoceros peruvianus, Hemiaulus hauckii, H. membranaceus, and Thalassionema sp. are facultative symbioses. These are examples of three or four partner consortia because Hemiaulus spp. is the host of the diazotrophic cyanobacteria Richelia intracellularis. Other example of facultative three partner consortium is the peritrich ciliate Zoothamnium pelagicum with an ectobiont bacteria, and the diatom Licmophora sp. The barrel-shaped chains of the diatom Fragilariopsis dolious encircled the lorica of Salpingella spp., while these chains were almost flat in the free-living stage. The peritrich ciliate Pseudovorticella coscinodisci lives on large pelagic diatoms such as Coscinodiscus and Palmerina. These symbioses are facultative for the diatoms, but they extended their survival under unfavorable conditions. High-speed video recordings of the consortium of Vorticella oceanica and Chaetoceros coarctatus revealed that during the stalk contraction the zooid of reached 5 400 body length s-1, being the fastest organism with respect to its size. The consortia of Chaetoceros densus and an undescribed species of Vorticella is re-discovered. Conclusions: These symbioses have allowed that the sessile peritric ciliates colonize the pelagic environment and the proliferation of diatoms with a polar origin in the tropical sea.

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