Academic literature on the topic 'Voting Rights Act of 1965 (United States)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Voting Rights Act of 1965 (United States)"

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Jenkins, Jeffery A., and Justin Peck. "Building Toward Major Policy Change: Congressional Action on Civil Rights, 1941–1950." Law and History Review 31, no. 1 (2013): 139–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248012000181.

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The mid-1960s witnessed a landmark change in the area of civil rights policy in the United States. After a series of tortuous internal battles, with Southern legislators using all available procedural tools to maintain their states' discriminatory Jim Crow legal systems, the United States Congress adopted two statutes—the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965—which insured civil and political equality for all Americans. The Acts of 1964 and 1965 were the culmination of a decade-long struggle by black Americans to secure the citizenship rights that had been denied to them f
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Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald, and Patricia Warren. "Explaining and Eliminating Racial Profiling." Contexts 8, no. 2 (2009): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ctx.2009.8.2.34.

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The emancipation of slaves is a century-and-a-half in America's past. Many would consider it ancient history. Even the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act, which challenged the de facto racial apartheid of the post-CivilWar period, are now well over 40 years old. But even in the face of such well-established laws, racial inequalities in education, housing, employment, and law enforcement remain widespread in the United States.
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Schroedel, Jean, and Ryan Hart. "Vote Dilution and Suppression in Indian Country." Studies in American Political Development 29, no. 1 (2015): 40–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x1400011x.

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The struggle for Native American voting rights has lasted more than two centuries. Although the 1924 Indian Citizenship Act granted citizenship to indigenous peoples born within the geographic boundaries of the United States, it did not ensure the right to vote. Because the Constitution gives states the power to determine the “times, places, and manner of holding elections,” many states statutorily denied Native Americans the franchise until federal lawsuits forced them to change. Having the statutory right to vote, however, did not ensure that it could be exercised in a meaningful way. Since
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Moehling, Carolyn M., and Melissa A. Thomasson. "Votes for Women: An Economic Perspective on Women’s Enfranchisement." Journal of Economic Perspectives 34, no. 2 (2020): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.34.2.3.

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The ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 officially granted voting rights to women across the United States. However, many states extended full or partial suffrage to women before the federal amendment. In this paper, we discuss the history of women's enfranchisement using an economic lens. We examine the demand side, discussing the rise of the women's movement and its alliances with other social movements, and describe how suffragists put pressure on legislators. On the supply side, we draw from theoretical models of suffrage extension to explain why men shared the right to vote w
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Weaver, Vesla M. "Frontlash: Race and the Development of Punitive Crime Policy." Studies in American Political Development 21, no. 2 (2007): 230–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x07000211.

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Civil rights cemented its place on the national agenda with the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, fair housing legislation, federal enforcement of school integration, and the outlawing of discriminatory voting mechanisms in the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Less recognized but no less important, the Second Reconstruction also witnessed one of the most punitive interventions in United States history. The death penalty was reinstated, felon disenfranchisement statutes from the First Reconstruction were revived, and the chain gang returned. State and federal governments revised their criminal
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Bobo, Lawrence D. "Somewhere between Jim Crow & Post-Racialism: Reflections on the Racial Divide in America Today." Daedalus 140, no. 2 (2011): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00091.

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In 1965, when Dædalus published two issues on “The Negro American,” civil rights in the United States had experienced a series of triumphs and setbacks. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 extended basic citizenship rights to African Americans, and there was hope for further positive change. Yet 1965 also saw violent confrontations in Selma, Alabama, and the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles that were fueled by racial tensions. Against this backdrop of progress and retreat, the contributors to the Dædalus volumes of the mid-1960s considered how socioeconomic factors
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Hattam, Victoria. "The 1964 Civil Rights Act: Narrating the Past, Authorizing the Future." Studies in American Political Development 18, no. 1 (2004): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x04000045.

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Civil rights legislation of the sixties and seventies sought to end racial discrimination in the United States; doing so required that the federal government establish an official ethnoracial taxonomy in order to specify who was and was not covered by the various statutes. Specifically, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Fair Housing Act of 1968, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974, and the Home Mortgage Act of 1975 required federal agencies to identify particular groups to be monitored for evidence of discrimination. Since these statutes were enacted, schola
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Van Bostelen, Luke. "Analyzing the Civil Rights Movement: The Significance of Nonviolent Protest, International Influences, the Media, and Pre-existing Organizations." Political Science Undergraduate Review 6, no. 1 (2021): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/psur185.

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This essay is an analysis of the success of the mid-20th century civil rights movement in the United States. The civil rights movement was a seminal event in American history and resulted in several legislative victories, including the 1964 Civil Rights Act, and the 1965 Voting Rights Act. After a brief overview of segregation and Jim Crow laws in the southern U.S., I will argue that the success of the civil rights movement can be attributed to a combination of factors. One of these factors was the effective strategy of nonviolent protests, in which the American public witnessed the contrastin
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King, Desmond S., and Rogers M. Smith. "THE LAST STAND?" Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 13, no. 1 (2016): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x1500017x.

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AbstractIn 2013, the United States Supreme Court decided Shelby County v. Holder, which invalidated Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The ruling is part of longstanding efforts to maintain American institutions that have provided wide-ranging benefits to White citizens, including disproportionate political power. Over time, such efforts are likely to fail to prevent significant increases in political gains for African Americans, Latinos, and other minority citizens. But they threaten to foster severe conflicts in American politics for years to come.
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Drometer, Marcus, and Johannes Rincke. "Electoral competition and endogenous barriers to entry." European Journal of Political Economy 34 (February 26, 2014): 253–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3895637.

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As institutions matter for political and economic outcomes, they are (at least partly) shaped by the interests of political agents acting under these limitations. However, empirical evidence documenting such endogenous change of institutions is scarce. We address the issue by examining the link between the degree of electoral competition and the design of ballot access restrictions in the United States. Exploiting exogenous variation in electoral competition at the state level induced by the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965, our main finding is that ballot access rules have been systematicall
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Voting Rights Act of 1965 (United States)"

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Rainville, Brian Clement. "Walk to Freedom: How a Violent Response to the Civil Rights Protest at Alabama's Pettus Bridge Unwillingly Created the Voting Rights Act of 1965." W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626610.

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Morbitt, Jennifer Marie. ""Let the End be Legitimate": An Analysis of Federal District Court Decision Making in Voting Rights Cases, 1965-1993." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279170/.

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Integrated process models that combine both legal and extralegal variables provide a more accurate specification of the judicial decision making process and capture the complexity of the factors that shape judicial behavior. Judicial decision making theories borrow heavily from U.S. Supreme Court research, however, such theories may not automatically be applicable to the lower federal bench. The author uses vote dilution cases originating in the federal district courts from the years 1965 to 1993 to examine what motivates the behavior of district and circuit court judges. The author uses an in
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Books on the topic "Voting Rights Act of 1965 (United States)"

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Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, ed. The Voting Rights Act of 1965: A legal overview. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1991.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Expressing the sense of the Congress that, as Congress observes the 40th anniversary of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and encourages all Americans to do the same, it will advance the legacy of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 by ensuring the continued effectiveness of the Act to protect the voting rights of all Americans: Report (to accompany H. Con. Res. 216). U.S. G.P.O., 2005.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Expressing the sense of the Congress that, as Congress observes the 40th anniversary of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and encourages all Americans to do the same, it will advance the legacy of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 by ensuring the continued effectiveness of the Act to protect the voting rights of all Americans: Report (to accompany H. Con. Res. 216). U.S. G.P.O., 2005.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on the Constitution. Voting Rights Act Language Assistance Amendments of 1992: Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, second session, on S. 2236, a bill to amend the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to modify and extend the bilingual voting provisions of the Act, February 26, 1992. U.S. G.P.O., 1993.

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Fiffer, Steve. Jimmie Lee & James: Two lives, two deaths, and the movement that changed America. Regan Arts, 2015.

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1964-, Epstein David, ed. The future of the voting rights act. Russell Sage Foundation, 2006.

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Light, Steven Andrew. "The law is good": The Voting Rights Act, redistricting, and black regime politics. Carolina Academic Press, 2010.

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Bernard, Grofman, and Davidson Chandler, eds. Controversies in minority voting: The Voting Rights Act in perspective. Brookings Institution, 1992.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Veterans' Affairs. H.R. 699, Military Voting Rights Act of 1997: Hearing before the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session, June 4, 1997. U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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Walters, Ronald W. Freedom is not enough: Black voters, Black candidates, and American presidential politics. Rowan & Littlefield Publishers, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Voting Rights Act of 1965 (United States)"

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Johnson, Dennis W. "Voting and Participation." In Campaigns, Elections, and the Threat to Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780197641972.003.0001.

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The United States has a long history of denying citizens the right to vote. One of the most important protections, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, has been stripped of its enforcement powers; impediments to voting and voter suppression have resulted. Elections are administered at the state and local levels, but despite federal assistance, many of the state systems are fragile and vulnerable. Individual voter fraud, while employed as an excuse for further restricting, is nearly nonexistent. Mail-in voting and absentee voting have proven to be safe and valid exercises. Though the 2020 elections s
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Chakkalakal, Tess. "Disfranchisement." In Democracies in America. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865698.003.0022.

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Abstract This chapter provides a short history of denying African American men the right to vote in the United States since its founding, which is otherwise known as disfranchisement. Taking up works by Walt Whitman, Booker T. Washington, and Charles W. Chesnutt, and the role they played in arguments both for and against voting rights, alongside close readings of legal documents such as the Reconstruction Amendments, anti-disfranchisement cases such as Giles v. Harris (1903), and the 1965 Voting Rights Act, the chapter uncovers the role African Americans played in the development of voting rig
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"Lyndon Baines Johnson: Speech to Congress on Assuming the Presidency." In The Schlager Anthology of American Wars and Conflicts. Schlager Group Inc., 2025. https://doi.org/10.3735/9781961844179.book-part-203.

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Lyndon B. Johnson assumed the presidency in the wake of the assassination of John F. Kennedy in November of 1963. He gave his Speech to Congress on Assuming the Presidency on November 27, five days after the assassination, pledging to advance the domestic programs and initiatives of his predecessor and, in foreign affairs, to balance U.S. military strength with restraint. He met with success on the first front but is considered to have failed on the second. During the five years of Johnson’s presidency, the United States was buffeted by conflict both overseas and on the home front. Johnson res
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Lublin, David. "Race and Redistricting in the United States: An Overview." In Redistricting in Comparative Perspective. Oxford University PressOxford, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199227402.003.0011.

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Abstract The racial composition of constituency boundaries has often been manipulated for both racial and partisan purposes in the United States. Racial redistricting, a common American name for this policy, has played a critical role in attempts both to advance and to suppress minority representation in the United States. Although over four decades have passed since the enactment of the Voting Rights Act 1965, heated battles over the necessity of intentionally creating majority– minority districts for the election of minority officials and its impact on minority representation continue in the
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English, Bertis D. "Bludgeoning the Ballot." In Dream and Legacy, Volume II. University Press of Mississippi, 2024. https://doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496852236.003.0002.

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This chapter analyzes the ongoing struggle for voting rights in the United States, highlighting the efforts of conservative Republicans to limit suffrage through tactics like partisan gerrymandering and strict voter identification laws. It cites Chief Justice John Roberts's 2019 decision in a case involving North Carolina Republicans that exemplifies the broader Republican strategy to undermine the franchise rights that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. fought to secure. It also reviews the Voting Rights Advancement Act of 2015 as a response to the Supreme Court's 2013 ruling that weakened the 1965 V
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Corrigan, Lisa M. "Feeling Riots." In Black Feelings. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496827944.003.0004.

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This chapter reflects upon the multiple interpretations of major urban rebellions in the United States between 1964-1969 to understand how descriptions of the major race riots, especially the metaphor of the powderkeg, created and reflected racialized political feelings where hopelessness replaced hope as the emotional framework for racial liberalism and as the possibility of integration ebbed. The assassinations of John Kennedy and, later, Malcolm X, along with the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 evacuated black hope from political liberalism and repl
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"Martin Luther King, Jr.: “Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence” 1967." In Milestone Documents in African American History. Schlager Group Inc., 2010. https://doi.org/10.3735/9781935306153.book-part-103.

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On April 4, 1967, one of America’s greatest orators gave a speech on a subject he had previously been reluctant to address. Martin Luther King, Jr., was the preeminent civil rights leader of the 1960s, but as he stood in the pulpit of Riverside Church in New York City his topic was the Vietnam War. King had been an eloquent advocate of African American civil rights and a fearless opponent of racial bigotry. His words and deeds helped secure passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. King, however, had said little in public about the Vietnam War, where large numb
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"National Black Political Convention: Gary Declaration." In Schlager Anthology of Black America. Schlager Group Inc., 2021. https://doi.org/10.3735/9781935306627.book-part-228.

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Despite the successes of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, African Americans still felt that there were significant impediments keeping them from achieving full equality. In 1972, the United States saw the first steps toward African American politicization when Shirley Chisholm announced she would run for president, making her the first African American candidate to run for the office of president. Chisholm met stiff resistance, particularly from African American men who believed she was little more than a symbolic entry in the Democratic Party’s efforts to appeal
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"Ruth Bader Ginsburg: Dissent in Shelby County v. Holder." In Schlager Anthology of Black America. Schlager Group Inc., 2021. https://doi.org/10.3735/9781935306627.book-part-267.

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In 2006 the town of Calera in Alabama drew up a new redistricting scheme for its elections to city council seats; as a result, the city council’s lone African American member lost his seat. According to Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, this redistricting was illegal because Calera had not first allowed the federal government to examine its redistricting plan to be certain that it did not discriminate against African American voter participation, a practice referred to as “preclearance.” As a former segregationist state, Alabama was subject to the scrutiny of preclearance. Shelby Cou
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Lozano, Rosina. "Epilogue." In An American Language. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520297067.003.0012.

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This epilogue briefly identifies some of the major changes in Spanish language politics since World War II. These include community shifts in activism. For example, the Chicano Movementreclaimed the language and advocated for culturally affirming bilingual education programs. The epilogue also turns to federal support for Spanish instruction with the 1968 Bilingual Education Act and with the 1975 extension to the Voting Rights Act that provides federal protection for ballots in languages other than English. Spanish is no longer a language of just the Southwest and there are major populations o
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