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Knott, Paul J. "Does VRIO help managers evaluate a firm’s resources?" Management Decision 53, no. 8 (September 21, 2015): 1806–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-08-2014-0525.
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Purpose – The resource-based view and value-rarity-imitability-organisation (VRIO) method have diffused widely into courses aimed at managerial practice, but research has yet to verify whether they help managers analyse a firm’s resources. Following recent interest in the use of strategy tools, the purpose of this paper is to focus on what happens when VRIO informs strategy action. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses experimental method to evaluate directly users’ analysis guided by VRIO relative to analysis that is not. Systematic coding of the responses evaluates how users select resources to evaluate, in which areas they make recommendations, and what account they take of competitors, dynamic evolution, and resource disadvantages, risks and limitations. Findings – VRIO encouraged users to evaluate resources relative to competitors and competitive dynamics, but resource selection difficulties and failure to evaluate resource disadvantages limited its value. In addition, it drew users to the existing operations and business model. Research limitations/implications – The study highlights a tendency for users to evaluate antecedents and outcomes of resources, and partly supports the view that VRIO elicits inward-looking descriptions. Field-based research is needed to show how using VRIO plays out in full strategy making context. Practical implications – Highlighted limitations in VRIO analysis could be alleviated by better specifying resource selection and by addressing the positive-only tenor of VRIO materials. Originality/value – Only a small number of published studies evaluate VRIO as a method of practical strategic analysis, and this paper is the first to look directly at users’ responses.
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Castro, Virginia Aparecida, and Janaina de Moura Engracia Giraldi. "Shared brands and sustainable competitive advantage in the Brazilian wine sector." International Journal of Wine Business Research 30, no. 2 (June 18, 2018): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-04-2017-0019.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate if shared brands provide sustainable competitive advantage according to an adapted valuable, rare, imitability/replaceability and organization (VRIO) model to the Brazilian wine sector in the opinion of the government agencies, associations and managers of the wineries.Design/methodology/approachThis study was based on a qualitative and exploratory research, based on in-depth interviews. Fine wines that have geographical indications and are located in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul were analyzed and content analysis was used to explore data.FindingsIt was concluded that shared brands in the Brazilian wine sector can be considered a source of sustainable competitive advantage according to the resource-based view.Research limitations/implicationsQualitative research has the aspect of the subjectivity of the researcher when analyzing the data.Practical implicationsThe government agencies, associations and wineries can improve the production process and seek certified products for commercialization in the domestic and foreign markets. These contributions may also, in practice, be used by other sectors and countries.Originality/valueThis work contributes to the understanding of the shared brand’s concept, including geographical indications, collective brands and the sector brands. The proposition that shared brands provide sustainable competitive advantage, according to an adapted VRIO model was confirmed. Barney’s VRIO framework (Barney, 1991, 1995) hitherto thought for individual companies, has the letter “O” of Organization replaced by the letter “A” of Association, becoming VRIA. The authors found that the four conditions that form the here proposed acronym VRIA are valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable/replaceable and association.
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Jung, Sang Chul. "Comparative Analysis of Strategies Samsung vs. Xiaomi (Focused on Industrial Attractiveness and VRIO Analysis)." SIJ Transactions on Advances in Space Research & Earth Exploration 6, no. 2 (April 6, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/sijasree/v6i2/06080100102.
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Kim, En-A. "An Analysis on the Core Competence Through the VRIO Model of CJ CGV." Journal of the Korea Entertainment Industry Association 13, no. 3 (April 30, 2019): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21184/jkeia.2019.4.13.3.333.
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Chen, Faen, and Yukio Kodono. "Fuzzy VRIO and SWOT Analysis of Chery Automobile." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 18, no. 3 (May 20, 2014): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2014.p0429.
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The Chinese market is indispensable for international automobile enterprises and they are expanding their investment in this market accordingly. To escalate their market share in China, automobile manufacturers and independent automotive enterprises have implemented a series of management strategies. Consequently, competition in China is becoming increasingly intense. Conversely, Chinese automobile enterprises have no international brand recognition. In this paper, an independent automobile enterprise, Chery Automobile Co. Ltd., is selected as a case study and examined using the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) method. Moreover, we analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of the company’s internal environment using a fuzzy VRIO (Value, Rarity, Immutability and Organization) method. Applying the fuzzy theory to an analysis of the management environment can facilitate more effective strategy formulations. It is expected that the application of fuzzy theory to management methods will contribute to the future development of the Chinese automobile industry. The competitive advantages to Chery are illustrated by the fuzzy VRIO analysis.
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Park, Jihoon, and Hyunjun Park. "The Untact Strategy of POSCO ICT in Accordance with the Changes of 4th Industrial Revolution: VRIO Analysis." Journal of Korea Culture Industry 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35174/jkci.2021.06.21.2.13.
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Choi, Young－Cheol, and Hyunjun Park. "Analysis of Core Capacity of POSCO Smart Factory: Focusing on the VRIO Model." Korean Business Education Review 35, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 331–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23839/kabe.2020.35.6.331.
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Bortoli, Cassiana, Alcido Manuel Juaniha, Jorge Eduardo Scarpin, Nayane Thais Krespi Musial, and Claudio Marcelo Edwards Barros. "Value Relevance of net income, other comprehensive income, and comprehensive income in Brazil." Cuadernos de Contabilidad 21 (December 19, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.cc21.vrio.
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This paper uses the Ohlson Model to analyze whether Net Income (NI), Other Comprehensive Income (OCI), and Comprehensive Income (CI) are value relevant for market value and the return of shares of publicy-traded Brazilian companies. To maximize the robustness of the results, we inserted the following control variables for each model: equity per Share (EqPS), Size (S), Industry (I), EBITDA per Share (EbPS), Revenue per Share (RePS), Liquidity (L), and Gross Domestic Product Growth (GDPG). The control variables S, RePS, and GDPG were significant for the three models related to the value of the company. The control variables EqPS, EbPS, RePS, and L, on the other hand, were only significant for the three models related to stock returns. Our main variables (NI, OCI, and CI) were found to be statistically significant in five of the six regression models after data analysis in a fixed effect panel using robust standard errors. However, only the variables NI and CI were considered to be relevant in the expected direction, meaning that they offered a positive contribution in explaining the value of the company.
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Amertha, Denada Tirta, Alla Asmara, and Setiadi Djohar. "Business Strategy Formulation for Training Company in Captive Market." European Journal of Business and Management Research 6, no. 4 (July 23, 2021): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.4.965.
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This study aims to formulate a business strategy at a training company (PT PTC) as a lead training provider in facing competition in the Pertamina Group market (captive) and in the non-captive market. The internal business environment was identified using VRIO analysis and evaluated using the IFE Matrix, while the external business environment was identified using Porter's Five Forces and evaluated using the EFE Matrix. The formulation of alternative business strategies in the PTC training business unit is carried out using the SWOT Matrix which is then outlined in the business strategy implementation roadmap. The results showed that PT PTC's training business unit was in a position to grow and develop with good internal capabilities in using strengths and minimizing weaknesses (score 2,570), and in a strong position to respond to opportunities and threats (score 3,042). The results of the VRIO analysis obtained 4 future competencies for strategy formulation on the SWOT Matrix and obtained 9 alternative intensive strategies in the form of market penetration strategies, market and product development as well as 1 horizontal integration strategy, then ranked using QSPM for a roadmap of PTC training business strategy implementation in 5 years front.
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Kaukab, M. Elfan, Wiwiek Rabiatul Adawiyah, Refius Pradipta Setyanto, and Agus Suroso. "ACCELERATING SMALL FIRMS’ PRODUCTION PROCESS IMPROVEMENT THROUGH INTERNATIONAL MARKET KNOWLEDGE AND VALUABLE, RARE, INIMITABLE, AND ORGANIZED RESOURCES AND CAPABILITIES." Business: Theory and Practice 21, no. 1 (May 8, 2020): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2020.11652.
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This article aims to explore the factors influencing MSMEs – Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises production process improvement using variables of VRIO (Value Rarity, Inimitability, and Organization) resources and capabilities, foreign market knowledge, and internationalization. This research is conducted in 150 exporting-MSMEs samples in Central Java, Indonesia. The main analysis applied in this research is multiple regressions. The result shows that VRIO resources and capability, foreign market knowledge, and internationalization, significantly influenced production process improvement. It emphasizes that degree of internationalization only weakly influencing process improvement. The more important factors are internal factors like knowledge, resources, and capability. The result obtained can be used as the basis to develop the strategy of capability improvement for MSMEs in designing internationalization strategy. The strategy will closely relate to MSMEs’ process improvement to compete in international market. This research provides two contributions. First, the internationalization of handicraft MSMEs does not strongly define MSMEs production process improvement. Second, process improvement can be accelerated by gaining market knowledge and exploiting valuable, rare, inimitable, and organized resources and capabilities.
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Vargas-Hernández, José G., and Francia Contreras Garcia. "The Link Between a Firm´s Internal Characteristics and Performance: GPTW & VRIO Dimension Analysis." Revista de Administração IMED 8, no. 2 (December 11, 2018): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.18256/2237-7956.2018.v8i2.2990.
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O seguinte artigo discute os modelos Doutor Jay Barney Autor do artigo: “Recursos firme e vantagem competitiva sustentada” e Robert Levering, autor de “A Great Place to Work”, lidando com as características internas de empresas e como eles impacto sobre o desempenho dele. Analisamos as dimensões de valor, raridade, imitação e uso do modelo VRIO Dr. Jay Barney e tamanho do Respeito, Credibilidade, Imparcialidade, Orgulho e Camaradagem através do Modelo de confiança Robert Levering, como indicadores de desempenho da empresa. Este documento descreve conceitualmente argumentos teóricos destes autores, porque as organizações precisam se concentrar em suas características internas, a fim de melhorar seu desempenho. A hipótese é que as características internas da organização e seu impacto gestão do desempenho da empresa. As características internas, propostas por esses autores, determinam a eficiência e eficácia de uma empresa.
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Sebestova, Jarmila, Zaneta Rylkova, and Marek Smysl. "How to Gain Success in SME? A Case Study of a region in the Czech Republic." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10033-007-0014-0.
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How to Gain Success in SME? A Case Study of a region in the Czech Republic.Small and medium sized entrepreneurship (SME) is often considered a contemporary phenomenon. Why have so many authors dedicated their work to this field? The main reason is that SME influences society and contributes to the economic development of its region. This analysis emphasizes endogenous factors for success. The situation in the Moravia-Silesian Region (the northeast region of the Czech Republic) in which we applied factor analysis on a research sample supported our hypothesis. Moreover, we used VRIO analysis to clearly interpret our research findings.
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Setiyawati, Erna, Andhika Saputra, and Rhian Indradewa. "Strategic Formulation Analysis to Build a New Business Startup “Jamu Partnership” in Indonesia." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 8 (August 26, 2021): 568–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210876.
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Background – PT Oesodo Alam Mandiri (PT OAM) is a startup company that was established to provide solutions to business opportunities and problems that are being faced by people in Indonesia. Before starting a business, it is necessary to analyze both internal and external factors, also carry out strategy formulation. The results of this analysis will assist in determining the right strategy and business model. Through the right strategy and business model, a newly established startup company will be able to compete and be sustainable. Method – Using Value Proposition Canvas, EFE, IFE, VRIO, CPM, SWOT, IE, QSPM, Porter’s Generic Strategy and Lean Business Canvas Model. Result – This analysis helps to determine the right business model for jamu partnership startup company. Keywords: Startup, Value Proposition Canvas, Lean Business Model Canvas, Jamu, Indonesia.
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El Shafeey, Tarek, and Paul Trott. "Resource-based competition: three schools of thought and thirteen criticisms." European Business Review 26, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 122–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-07-2013-0096.
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Purpose – The field of research on resource-based competition is full of nuanced terminology and misunderstandings. This has led to confusion, and thus the authors offer a critical review, which provides a structure and clarity to this subject. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This analysis structures the literature on resources, capabilities, and competences into three distinct schools of thought: the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm, the rational-equilibrium school; the dynamic capability-based view of the firm, the behavioural-evolutionary school; and the competence-based view of the firm, the social constructionist school. Findings – The authors uncover 13 criticisms of the most widely adopted theoretical framework of the RBV of the firm – Valuable-Rare-Imperfectly imitable-Organisation (VRIO). Research limitations/implications – The misinterpretation and neglect of the classic scholarly work may help to explain why the VRIO framework has been elevated from a view to a theory and why it has received so much attention. Practical implications – The authors show how the relative ease of measuring resources as compared to (dynamic) capabilities and (core) competencies has helped raise the profile of RBV. Originality/value – This analysis contributes to management research by illustrating the deviation among the three schools of thought; the authors show how this has contributed to wide terminological confusion and offer a structure to help researchers situate their work within the relevant school of thought.
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Rizqi, Firdaus Aditya, and Wahyu Nugroho. "Implementasi Resource Based Strategy Dalam Mencapai Sustainable Competitive Advantage." Arthavidya Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi 22, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37303/a.v22i1.155.
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Abstract: In supporting infrastructure development and housing needs, cement is one of the more widely used strategic commodities. Improvement of infrastructure and property development in Indonesia is caused by an increase in good economic growth in Indonesia. This is the main attraction for both domestic and foreign investors to further enliven the cement industry in Indonesia. Competition occurs between old players and new players who have plans and are building new factories. In addition to PT X in Indonesia there are also 6 (six) other cement companies and 8 (eight) new companies that will invest in the same field which causes competition among the cement industry players to increase. Facing this development, every company is required to be able to develop and evaluate competitiveness by utilizing existing resources to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage in industrial competition. One way to analyze a company's sustainable competitive advantage is to conduct a resource-based view analysis using the VRIO framework. The purpose of conducting a resource based view analysis is to find out whether resources are owned and managed, including in competitive disadvantage, competitive parity, temporary competitive advantage or sustainable competitive advantage. Based on the results of data analysis and discussion of the results of the study, it can be concluded that the resource-based strategy in supporting the achievement of sustainable competitive advantages in PT X is stated to have been proven. A resource-based strategy that includes financial, physical, organizational, technological, human, innovation and reputation resources described in the conclusion of this study is the result that PT X's resources are an important factor in sustainable competitive advantage.
Keywords: resources based strategy, sustainable competitive advantage, intangible resources, tangible resources, VRIO framework
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Wandrial, Son. "Analisis Internal Perusahaan (Strength & Weakness), Menggunakan konsep ‘Resource-Based View of the Firm’ dengan Kerangka VRIO." Binus Business Review 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2011): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v2i2.1457.
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Problems in the company's internal environmental analysis is to determine the strengths and weaknesses (internal resources), we did not have reasonable grounds to determine whether the company's internal resources as a strength or weakness. Before we can determine whether a resource can be categorized as strengths or weaknesses, we must have a certain criteria so that appropriate resources are said to be a strength or weakness
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Figueiroa Zica, Roberto Marinho, Carlos Alberto Gonçalves, Henrique Cordeiro Martins, and Marcio Augusto Gonçalves. "The resource-based theory and its adherence to a superior performance strategy: An analysis in small companies in Brazil." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 3 (2016): 434–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i3c3p2.
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This article aims to present cases where the adoption of emphasis on the strategy implementation in micro and small firms within the dominant paradigm of the Resource-Based View theory, a functionalist explanatory model, which reproduces sense making for superior and sustainable performance in high competitiveness sectors . According to Barney (1991), a response to superior performance is causal support within the Resource-Based View, later raised to the status of Resource-Based Theory. This theory is a superior explanatory basic model that explains that a firm’s performance can be explained by the way its remarkable resources are managed. This understanding guides the managers’ strategic thinking and explains why firms can, over time, expand markets, strengthen the brand, achieve higher profits and maintain competitive advantages, while others do not get the same success, even acting within the same industry. The research was qualitative through interviews of the firms’ leaders, using the method of multiple cases in micro and small firms of the industry, trade, services and agribusiness sector. As a contribution, the work identified that the strategy practices have a connection with the RBV theory and principles of emphasis on inside out management based on the VRIO theory (resources that are: Valuable, Rare, of difficult Imitation and can rely on Organization to effective management).
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Ramadhan, Harry, Endah Widati, and Ibnu Fiqhan Muslim. "EVALUASI STRATEGI PEMASARAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID19." VALUE 2, no. 1 (September 17, 2021): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36490/value.v2i1.182.
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Competition in the restaurant and cafe industry at this time is very tight and competitive. This is marked by the growing number of new competitors in the world of Resto and Cafe. The restaurant and cafe industry as one of the food and beverage supply sectors that can support national and regional economic development. In Depok, there are 170 restaurants and cafes operating. The purpose of this study was to find out how the results of the implementation of Marketing Strategy During the Covid19 Pandemic at Like No Other Cafe Depok. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. Using interviews, questionnaires and observations to related parties as data collection techniques. Thus, the data analysis techniques used were VRIO and PESTLE analysis to analyze the business environment, profitability analysis to evaluate the results of the implementation of the marketing mix program used and descriptive analysis to analyze planning, implementation and marketing strategy activities. The results showed that the strategy implemented by Like No Other Cafe during the Covid19 pandemic was considered effective so that Like No Other Cafe was still able to survive and generate income even though the income was only 50% of normal conditions.
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Heryadi, Deni, and Endah Widati. "Implementasi Strategi Pemasaran pada Koperasi Karyawan PT. Bridgestone Tire Indonesia." Sosio e-kons 9, no. 1 (June 17, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/sosioekons.v9i1.1682.
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<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong><em> </em></p><p><em>According to Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs, there are 212,315 cooperatives listed and only 71% is active. Most of the active cooperatives are employee cooperatives. The data shows that recently 14.252 active employees cooperation with total members up to 1.586.811 people. PT. Bridgestone Tire Indonesia Employee Cooperative (BSIN employee Cooperative) is one of employee cooperative that have a huge income. This research aims to find out the key success factor of management and marketing strategic implementation which applied by BSIN employee cooperatives. Methods used in this research are combination methodologies research both qualitative and quantitative. Researchers also used few methods to analyzing such as descriptive analysis, VRIO framework analysis and marketing matrix. The result can be used as recommendation for BSIN Cooperative and others cooperatives as a benchmarking basis, so the performance can be better.</em></p><p align="center"><em> </em></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Berdasarkan data Kementerian Koperasi dan UMKM, per tahun 2015 tercatat sebanyak 212.315 Koperasi dan yang aktif hanya 150.223 koperasi atau 71% dari koperasi yang terdaftar. Dari data tersebut jumlah koperasi aktif di Indonesia, sebagian besar adalah koperasi karyawan (KopKar). Koperasi karyawan saat ini berjumlah 14.252, dengan jumlah anggota sebanyak 1.586.611, dan sebarannya merata di seluruh Indonesia. Koperasi Karyawan PT Bridgestone Tire Indonesia (Kopkar BSIN) merupakan salah satu koperasi karyawan besar yang memiliki omzet sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui kunci kesuksesan pengelolaan dan penerapan strategi yang dijalankan sehingga dapat membuat Kopkar BSIN menjadi kopkar dengan omzet yang sangat tinggi. Dalam penelitian ini, tim menggunakan metode penelitian kombinasi antara kualitatif dan kuantitaf, dengan menggunakan beberapa teknik analisis data seperti: analisis deskriptif, analisis VRIO dan matrik pemasaran. Adapun hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan rekomendasi bagi kopkar PT Bridgestone Tire Indonesia dan kopkar perusahaan yang lain sebagai benchmarking untuk menjadi kopkar yang lebih baik lagi. </p><p>Kata Kunci: Strategi Pemasaran, Koperasi Karyawan, Matrik Pemasaran</p>
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Azizah, Alfia Kumala Nur, and Alibasjah Inggriantara. "PROPOSED STRATEGIES FOR PT INDO AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES DUE TO THE PANDEMIC." Advanced International Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship and SMEs 3, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/aijbes.370011.
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Indo Aircraft Maintenance (IAM) is a company in Indonesia occupied in Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) which has the majority of the market share in the domestic area. Previously, in March 2020 large-scale social restrictions (LSSR) has been implemented globally that limits activities affecting the number of airline passengers. In order to recover, a formulation of a new business strategy is required. This research uses a qualitative method by doing a semi-structured interview with the Senior Manager of the Strategy Management division. The Author conducts an environmental analysis with Porter’s 5 forces, PESTEL, and VRIO tools, while the strategy formulation was carried out using IFE, EFE, and Internal-External Matrix. The analysis represents, the company is suitable to carry out hold and maintain strategy where market penetration and product development are the alternative strategies. Market penetration is the right choice to create optimum results. The whole business-unit should not only focus on aircraft maintenance but another market segment also. Product development is not the main option that needs to be prioritized since it requires new technology capabilities to a tapped new customer.
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Ariyani, Widya, and Arief Daryanto. "Operationalization of Internal Analysis Using the VRIO Framework: Development of Scale for Resource and Capabilities Organization (Case Study: XYZ Company Animal Feed Business Unit)." Asian Business Research Journal 3, no. 1 (2018): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/journal.518.2018.31.9.14.
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Brunetti, Mário Luis, Gylmar Teixeira, Marcos De Castro, and Luiz Fernando Lara. "Sustainable competitive advantage in Construction: Study of Central Region of Parana." REBRAE 8, no. 2 (July 27, 2015): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/rebrae.08.002.ao06.
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In the fierce market competition, the companies need different strategies that give them a competitive advantage that may result from resources controlled by organization. In this way, search linked to the resource based view (RBV), well founded by Penrose (1959), Wernerfelt (1984) and Barney (1991), allow identifying those resources able to generate competitive advantage. This article seeks to identify the sources of sustainable competitive advantage in the constructing companies in the center-western region of Parana State, through a qualitative research approach we investigated three companies in this sector which are located in the central region of Parana State. For data analysis, we used the VRIO model developed by Barney (2007). In this model, some resources stand out as potential generators of competitive advantages when they are valuable, rare, inimitable and organizational within the context in which they are introduced. The results have shown that companies which operate in this line of business are dependent primarily of ten essential resources and two are introduced as potential sources of sustainable competitive advantage: 1) Experience and track record in the market; 2) Structure, organization and planning.
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Chatzoglou, Prodromos, Dimitrios Chatzoudes, Lazaros Sarigiannidis, and Georgios Theriou. "The role of firm-specific factors in the strategy-performance relationship." Management Research Review 41, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 46–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-10-2016-0243.
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Purpose This paper aims to attempt to bring together various organisational aspects that have never been collectively investigated before in the strategic management literature. Its main objective is to examine the relationship between “strategic orientation” and “firm performance”, in the light of two firm-specific factors (“distinct manufacturing capabilities” and “organisational structure”). The proposed research model of the present study is built upon the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm and the organisational aspect of the VRIO framework (the “O” from the VRIO model). Design/methodology/approach The study proposes a newly developed research model that adopts a four-factor approach, while examining a number of direct and indirect effects. The examination of the proposed research model was made with the use of a newly developed structured questionnaire that was distributed on a sample of Greek manufacturing companies. Research hypotheses were tested using the structural equation modelling technique. The present study is explanatory (examines cause and effect relationships), deductive (tests research hypotheses), empirical (collects primary data) and quantitative (analyses quantitative data that were collected using a structured questionnaire). Findings The empirical results suggest the coexistence of three distinct categories of effects on “firm performance”: strategy or “utility” effects, depending on the content of the implemented strategy; firm-specific effects, depending on the content of the organisational resources and capabilities; and organisational effects, depending on the implemented organisational structure. More specifically, the statistical analysis underlines the significant mediating role of “strategic orientation” and the complementary role of “organisational structure”. Finally, empirical results support the argument that “strategy follows structure”. Research limitations/implications The use of self-reported scales constitutes an inherent methodological limitation. Moreover, the present study lacks a longitudinal approach because it provides a static picture of the subject under consideration. Finally, the sample size of 130 manufacturing companies could raise some concerns. Despite that, previous empirical studies of the same field, published in respectable journals, were also based on similar samples. Practical implications When examining the total (direct and indirect) effects on “firm performance”, it seems that the effect of “organisational structure” is, almost, identical to the effect of “distinct manufacturing capabilities”. This implies that “organisational structure” (an imitable capability) has, almost, the same contribution on “firm performance” as the manufacturing capabilities of the organisation (an inimitable capability). Thus, the practical significance of “organisational structure” is being highlighted. Originality/value There has been little empirical research concerning the bundle of firm-specific factors that enhance the impact of strategy on business performance. Under the context of the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm, the present study examines the impact of “organisational structure” on the “strategy-capabilities-performance” relationship, something that has not been thoroughly investigated in the strategic management literature. Also, the present study proposes an alternate measure for capturing the concept of business strategy, the so-called factor of “strategic orientation”. Finally, the study adopts a “reversed view” in the relationship between structure and strategy. More specifically, it postulates that “strategy follows structure” and not the opposite (“structure follows strategy”). Actually, the empirical data supported that (reversed) view, challenging the traditional approach of Chandler (1962) and calling for additional research on that ongoing dispute.
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Vasilieva, E. V. "Business strategy design methodologies: from product design to platform design." Upravlenie 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2021-9-2-76-89.
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The article presents an analysis of modern methodologies that are successfully used for the development of innovative products and ecosystem platforms. The paper describes the tools of the “Jobs To Be Done” approach. The author highlights the differences between the two concepts “Jobs-As-Activities” and “Jobs-As-Progress”. The study emphasizes the importance of studying the digital client path. The publication presents by step-by-step an algorithm for constructing a strategy for bringing a new offer to the market based on the “Jobs To Be Done” method. The article presents examples of filling in the Job stories Canvas, interview framework in “Jobs To Be Done” format, Process Making Forces Canvas.The study shows the tools that are successfully used in creating a business strategy based on an ecosystem platform. The paper substantiates the importance of customer-oriented approach and switching to an ecosystem approach to the development of a business model. The author highlights the benefits from the ecosystem of the user, business owner and partners.The study gives an overview of ecosystem types according to the Gartner classification with examples in Russian ecosystems. The author provides tools of the Platform Design (Platform Innovation Kit) which allow you to develop an integrated environment for the development of the customer experience, to improve consumer goods and services: VRIO framework, a Matrix of Motivation, the Ecosystem Platform Relations Canvas, Training Mechanism Canvas, Value Proposition Canvas and Platform Business Models Canvas. These tools expand the design thinking portfolio.
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Pramono, Titus, Suryahadi, and Wini Trilaksani. "Strategi Pengembangan Usaha dan Pemasaran Benih Ikan Patin Siam (Pangasianodon hypopthalmus) Dengan Sistem Jejaring pada Cabang Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Wilayah Utara Provinsi Jawa Barat." MANAJEMEN IKM: Jurnal Manajemen Pengembangan Industri Kecil Menengah 14, no. 1 (September 9, 2019): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/mikm.14.1.15-23.
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The production of Siam-catfish (Pangasianodon hypopthalmus) seeds in Subang, West Java can not meet the market demand yet. The production of Siam-catfish seeds need to be improved especially by the main supplier namely the North Branch of Marine and fisheries service of West Java province (CDKPWU) with a partnership pattern between core and plasma. The purposes of this study were to identify internal and external factors that influence the marketing of Siam-catfish seeds with a network system between CDKPWU and partners, to identify advantages and disadvantages in the network process that occurs between CDKPWU and the partners, and trying to develop the most effective business and marketing srategy of Siam-catfish seeds in order to reach maximum output and outcome. The methods used in this study were as follows: (1) Valuable, Rare, Imitate to Cost and Organized Analysis (VRIO), (2) Political-Legal, Economic, Social, Technology Analysis (PEST), (3) Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix (IFE), (4) External Factor Evaluation Matrix (EFE), (5) Internal External (IE) Matrix, (6) Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) and (7) Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) Analysis. The result of IFE and EFE matrix indicated that the company's position was stable in response to external situation. The total score of IFE matrix was 3.38, indicating that the strength of CDKPWU can overcome weaknesses very well. The total score of EFE matrix was 2.59, describing that CDKPWU was good enough in responding to opportunities and minimizing threats. The results of the SWOT analysis show nine alternative strategy formulations in which three alternative formulation priorities were (1) Expanding the production partnership network to increase production and increase community income, (2) Maintaining good seed quality and production process technology, (3) Utilizing partnerships to establish good relationship and communication with relevant agencies. Based on the QSPM matrix analysis, the priority strategies are obtained to be implemented, namely expanding the production partnership network to increase production and increase community income
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Karunanithi, K., G. Senthilraja, and K. Subrahmaniyan. "Analysis of Resistant Mechanisms in Groundnut Genotypes against Late Leaf Spot Disease." International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 8, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i7.001.
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Forty two groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars were screened for resistance to Phaeoisariopsispersonata under glasshouse conditions. Among them, two germplasms (VG19561 and VG19654) were found to have resistance against late leaf spot. Biochemical parameters such as, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and total phenols were estimated among the resistant germplasms and susceptible check, VRI2. biochemical analysis revealed the increased activities of the enzymes viz., phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenolics in the resistant germplasms viz., VG19561 and VG19654 than the susceptible check, VRI 2.
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Wright, Kelly, Polly Young, Cristina Brickman, Teena Sam, Neeraj Badjatia, Marcus Pereira, E. Sander Connolly, and Michael T. Yin. "Rates and determinants of ventriculostomy-related infections during a hospital transition to use of antibiotic-coated external ventricular drains." Neurosurgical Focus 34, no. 5 (May 2013): E12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.2.focus12271.
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Object The authors evaluated the rates of ventriculostomy-related infections (VRIs) after antibiotic-coated extraventricular drains (ac-EVDs) were introduced as the standard of care. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of adult patients admitted to NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital neurological intensive care unit in whom an EVD was placed between February 2007 and November 2009, excluding individuals receiving EVDs due to an infection of a primary device. Three time periods were defined depending on type of EVD in use: Period 1, conventional EVDs; Period 2, either ac-EVDs or conventional EVDs; and Period 3, ac-EVDs. Definite/probable VRIs that occurred during the 3 periods were evaluated and established as determinants of VRIs by using a Cox proportional hazards model. Prolonged systemic antibiotics were given for the duration of EVD placement in each of the 3 periods per institutional policy. Results Data from 141 individuals were evaluated; mean patient age was 53.8 ± 17.2 years and 54% were female. There were 2 definite and 19 probable VRIs. The incidence of definite/probable VRI (per 1000 person-catheter days) decreased from Period 1 to 3 (24.5, 16.2, and 4.4 in Periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively; p < 0.0001). Patients with VRIs were more likely to be female than male (23.7% vs 3.1%, p < 0.003) and have had an EVD in place for a longer duration, although there was no significant difference among the 3 periods (7.9 ± 6.7 [Period 1], 8.1 ± 7.1 [Period 2], and 8.6 ± 5.8 [Period 3] mean days; p = 0.87, ANOVA). Analysis of effect modification in a stepwise model showed that period, age, and age and female interaction were significant predictors of VRIs. The period was the strongest predictor of VRI (p = 0.0075). After adjustment for age and age and sex interaction, the survival rate was 53% at the end of Period 2 and 91% at the end of Period 3. Conclusions Rates of VRIs have decreased with the addition of ac-EVDs to the routine use of prolonged systemic antibiotics at the authors' institution.
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Sheppard, John P., Vera Ong, Carlito Lagman, Methma Udawatta, Courtney Duong, Thien Nguyen, Giyarpuram N. Prashant, David S. Plurad, Dennis Y. Kim, and Isaac Yang. "Systemic Antimicrobial Prophylaxis and Antimicrobial-Coated External Ventricular Drain Catheters for Preventing Ventriculostomy-Related Infections: A Meta-Analysis of 5242 Cases." Neurosurgery 86, no. 1 (November 26, 2018): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyy522.
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Abstract BACKGROUND External ventricular drain (EVD) placement is essential for the management of many neurocritical care patients. However, ventriculostomy-related infection (VRI) is a serious complication, and there remains no well-established protocol guiding use of perioperative or extended antibiotic prophylaxis to minimize risk of VRI. OBJECTIVE To analyze published evidence on the efficacy of extended prophylactic antimicrobial therapy and antibiotic-coated external ventricular drains (ac-EVDs) in reducing VRI incidence. METHODS We searched PubMed for studies related to VRIs and antimicrobial prophylaxis. Eligible articles reported VRI incidence in control and treatment cohorts evaluating prophylaxis with either extended systemic antibiotics (> 24 hr) or ac-EVD. Risk ratios and VRI incidence were aggregated by prophylactic strategy, and pooled estimates were determined via random or mixed effects models. Study heterogeneity was quantified using I2 and Cochran's Q statistics. Rigorous assessment of study bias was performed, and PRISMA guidelines were followed throughout. RESULTS Across 604 articles, 19 studies (3%) met eligibility criteria, reporting 5242 ventriculostomy outcomes. Extended IV and ac-EVD prophylaxis were associated with risk ratios of 0.36 [0.14, 0.93] and 0.39 [0.21, 0.73], respectively. Mixed effects analysis yielded expected VRI incidence of 13% to 38% with no prophylaxis, 7% to 18% with perioperative IV prophylaxis, 3% to 9% with either extended IV or ac-EVD prophylaxis as monotherapies, and as low as 0.8% to 2% with extended IV and ac-EVD dual prophylaxis. CONCLUSION Management with both extended systemic antibiotics and ac-EVDs could lower VRI risk in ventriculostomy patients, but the impact on associated morbidity and mortality, healthcare costs, and length of stay remain unclear.
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Morris, Rebecca J. "Sorry, no carnitas: balancing “Food with Integrity” and growth at Chipotle." CASE Journal 11, no. 3 (September 10, 2015): 369–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-06-2015-0016.
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Synopsis In January, 2015, Chipotle stopped serving pork at a third of its 1,800 restaurants due to its discovery that a pork supplier was not meeting Chipotle's “Food with Integrity” standards. This case examines the trade-offs Chipotle faced in maintaining its focus on sustainable ingredients as the chain grew rapidly. Demand for healthier ingredients by others in the industry and scalability problems in sustainable agricultural production suggested that supply shortages and higher prices were likely threats to Chipotle's continued rapid growth. Could Chipotle maintain its commitment to “Food with Integrity” when the supply of sustainable foods failed to meet demand or should the company just buy available ingredients regardless of farming methods? Research methodology This case was developed from both secondary and primary sources. The secondary sources included industry reports, company annual reports, news reports, social media sites and company websites. Primary sources included video interviews with Chipotle executives (available on the company's website) and visits to Chipotle restaurants in several cities. This case has been classroom tested with MBA students in a capstone course and with undergraduates in a strategic management course. Relevant courses and levels This case was written for use in Strategic Management classes at the undergraduate and MBA levels. The focus of the case aligns well with discussions of competitive advantage, firm performance and business level strategy. The case also has application in discussions regarding implementation of strategy. Instructors that choose to emphasize sustainability strategies could assign this case to explore trade-offs between profitability, sustainability and growth. Additionally, the case could be used in supply chain management courses. Theoretical bases This case utilizes a stakeholder analysis approach to examine the trade-offs between sustainability initiatives, growth and performance. The resource-based model of VRIO is used to analyze the firm's competitive advantage.
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Sharma, Tripti Ghosh, Rohit Jain, Sahil Kapoor, Vijeyta Gaur, and Abhishek Roy. "OYO Rooms: providing affordable hotel stays." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2017): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-01-2017-0015.
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Subject area Strategic Marketing, Marketing Management, Services Marketing. Study level/applicability MBA and Executive MBA. Case overview The case talks about the inception and growth of OYO Rooms, a company that originally started as ORAVEL Stays Ltd. in 2012, as a platform for booking budget and premium accommodations, but graduated to become OYO Rooms, an online aggregator of hotels, with a unique business model of “managing the partial inventory of rooms” in hotels and offering a proposition of affordable, consistent, quality experience to business, leisure and pilgrim travellers. The company received rounds of funding from Greenoaks Capital, Lightspeed Ventures, Sequoia Capital and DSG Consumer Partners. Moreover, unlike its competitors, OYO adapted itself to the fast-changing consumer preference and grew at an enviable pace and by 2016, was present across 190 cities through a network of 6,500 hotels. However, OYO Rooms had to face a multitude of challenges both from the consumer and hotel owners’ ends, primarily service quality concerns from the customers and majorly concerns out of payment irregularities or non-abidance to written contracts from the hoteliers’ end. The dissatisfaction levels increased to an extent that experts started raising questions on the viability of the business. OYO was growing at an aggressive rate but breakeven point was yet to be achieved. Moreover, growing dissatisfaction and switching amongst its customers as well as hoteliers threatened the very existence of the model. The case allows the students to critically analyse the strategies of OYO for deliberation on whether the business model was sustainable in the long run. It also encourages the students to deliberate on the possible growth strategies for OYO as also on the service recovery strategies for OYO. Expected learning outcomes The case has been positioned around the following modules: industry analysis; value of a two-sided business model to both parties; sustainability of a unique business model, against the challenges that it faces; applying the VRIO framework (resource-based view); complaint handling and service recovery strategies; applying the Ansoff’s grid for possible growth options. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.
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Li, Jing, S. Lena Kang-Birken, Samantha K. Mathews, Catelynn E. Kenner, and Lynn N. Fitzgibbons. "Role of rapid diagnostics for viral respiratory infections in antibiotic prescribing decision in the emergency department." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 40, no. 9 (June 28, 2019): 974–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2019.166.
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AbstractObjective:To describe the frequency of antibiotic prescriptions in patients with known viral respiratory infections (VRIs) diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 3 emergency departments (EDs) and to identify patient characteristics that influence the prescribing of antibiotics by ED physicians despite PCR confirmation of viral cause.Design:Retrospective, observational analysis of patients with PCR-diagnosed VRI discharged from 3 acute-care hospital EDs within 1 health system.Results:In total, 323 patients were discharged from the ED with a VRI diagnosis, of whom 68 were prescribed antibiotics (21.1%). These patients were older (median, 59.5 vs 43 years; P = .04), experienced symptoms longer (median, 4 vs 2 days; P = .002), were more likely to have received antibiotics in the preceding 7 days (27.9% vs 9.8%; P < .001), and had higher proportions of abnormal chest X-rays (64.5% vs 28.4%; P < .001). Patients were more likely to receive antibiotics for a diagnosis of pneumonia (39.7% vs 1.6%; P < .001) or otitis media (7.4% vs 0.4%; P = .002), and were less likely with diagnosis of upper respiratory infection (2.9% vs 13.7%; P = .02) or influenza (20.6% vs 44.3%; P < .001).Conclusions:Despite a diagnosis of VRI, one-fifth of ED patients were prescribed antibiotics. Patient characteristics including age, duration of symptoms, abnormal chest X-rays, and specific diagnosis may increase provider concern for concurrent bacterial infections. Opportunities exist for antimicrobial stewardship strategies to incorporate rapid diagnostics in promoting judicious antibiotic usage in the ED.
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Sánchez García, Laura, Cristina Calvo, Inmaculada Casas, Francisco Pozo, and Adelina Pellicer. "Viral respiratory infections in very low birthweight infants at neonatal intensive care unit: prospective observational study." BMJ Paediatrics Open 4, no. 1 (September 2020): e000661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000661.
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Background and objectiveVery low birthweight (VLBW) infants are highly susceptible to respiratory infections. Information about prevalence of viral respiratory infections (VRIs) in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is scarce. Recent evidence suggests short-term and long-term impact of VRI in morbidity of VLBW infants. The goal of this study is to conduct a VRI surveillance in VLBW infants during NICU admission to address the prevalence, type of viruses and associated clinical features.MethodsProspective observational cohort study on infants below 32 gestational weeks admitted to a tertiary NICU during a 2-year period. Respiratory virus detection (influenza, parainfluenza, rhinovirus (hRV), enterovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, coronavirus, bocavirus and adenovirus) was performed by real time multiplex PCR assays in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs), within the first 72 hours after birth and weekly, until discharge. Additional samples were taken if clinically indicated.Results147 out of 224 eligible infants were enrolled. At least one positive NPA was found in 38% of the study cohort. Main viruses identified were hRV (58%) and adenovirus (31%). Among the 56 infants with positive NPA, 26 showed non-specific respiratory features in 58% (increased respiratory workload, tachypnoea, apnoea) or typical cold features in 38% (rhinorrhea, cough, fever), at least in one episode. Antibiotics were prescribed in 29% of cases. Positive infants showed higher rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), need for supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation, and had longer hospital stay. Cox regression analysis found BPD as an independent risk factor for viral infection (p<0.001) and symptomatic VRI (p<0.04).ConclusionsSystematic surveillance in VLBW infants reports VRI is frequent, particularly by hRV. Asymptomatic infection is highly prevalent which is critical in the face of establishing appropriate preventive strategies. Infants with BPD are especially vulnerable to such infections.
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Kumar, R. Suresh, and P. Ganesh P. Ganesh. "Biochemical Analysis of Groundnut VRI- 2 (Arachis Hypogaea) Cultivated Under the Influence of Different Coir Compost Mixture." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 334–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/mar2013/104.
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Okugami, Masamitsu, Yoshimi Obana, and Jun Fukue. "VRI Light Curve Analysis of SS 433." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 188 (1998): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900115554.
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In the light curves of SS 433, in addition to a binary modulation with a period of 13.1 d, there is a precessional one with a period of 162.5 d (Kemp et al. 1986). In the current studies, however, the attention was focused mainly on the light curves during eclipse (see, however, e.g., Antokhina, Cherepashchuk 1987). Thus, in this paper we examine light curves during precession and compare them with observational ones (Fukue et al. 1997b).
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Wang, Chih-Hsien, Yu-Hsien Lai, Chiu-Huang Kuo, Yu-Li Lin, Jen-Pi Tsai, and Bang-Gee Hsu. "Association between Serum Indoxyl Sulfate Levels and Endothelial Function in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease." Toxins 11, no. 10 (October 11, 2019): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11100589.
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Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a product metabolized from tryptophan, is negatively correlated with renal function and cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the association between serum IS levels and endothelial function in patients with CKD. Fasting blood samples were obtained from 110 patients with stages 3–5 CKD. The endothelial function, represented by vascular reactivity index (VRI), was measured non-invasively using digital thermal monitoring. Serum IS levels were determined using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Twenty-one (19.1%), 36 (32.7%), and 53 (48.2%) patients had poor (VRI < 1.0), intermediate (1.0 ≤ VRI < 2.0), and good (VRI ≥ 2.0) vascular reactivity. By univariate linear regression analysis, a higher prevalence of smoking, advanced age, higher systolic, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), elevated levels of serum phosphorus, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and IS were negatively correlated with VRI values, but estimated glomerular filtration rate negatively associated with VRI values. After being adjusted by using multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis, DBP and IS levels were significantly negatively associated with VRI values in CKD patients. We concluded that IS level associated inversely with VRI values and had a modulating role in endothelial function in patients with stages 3–5 CKD.
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Miraza, Zuwina, and Hafriz Rifki Hafas. "Dampak Sumber Daya VRIN terhadap Keunggulan Bersaing dan Kinerja (Studi pada UKM di Medan)." Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi 6, no. 2 (June 3, 2016): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmo.v6i2.12241.
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<p><em>In order to achieve positive performance growth in this era of global competition, Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) must have sustainable competitive advantages. Competitive advantages can be obtainedif SME have Valuable, Rare, Inimitable and Non-substitutable (VRIN) resources. Therefore this research aimed to study the effects of VRIN resources to competitive advantages and performance. The subjects of this study was 187 SMEs listed in Cooperation Office and SME of Medan. Using path analysis, the obtained result shows that rareness gave direct effects to performance and in-immitable gave indirect effects to performance through competitive advantages as intervening.</em></p><em>Keywords: VRIN, competitive advantage, performance, small medium enterprises</em>
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Lyngdoh, Y. A., R. Mulge, A. Shadap, Jogendra Singh, and Seema Sangwan. "Combining ability analysis in near homozygous lines of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] for yield and yield attributing parameters." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i1.1191.
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Line × tester analysis was carried out with the objective of identifying the good combiners and to decide the breeding strategies for developing potential and productive genotypes or cultivars. Parents and hybrids differed significantly for GCA and SCA effects for all the characters respectively. Specific combining ability (SCA) variance was higher than the general combining ability (GCA) variance which shows the predominance of non-additive gene action for the improvement of all the characters studied. The parents and crosses having highest and significant GCA and SCA effects viz., KO-18 (13.69), KO-6 (9.54) and KO-2 × Parbhani Kranti (19.28) for plant height; KO-12 (0.34), KO-14 (0.19) and KO-5 × V5 (0.60) for number of branches per plant; KO-14 (-0.66) and KO-15 × Arka Anamika(-1.66) for days to first flowering; KO-1(1.10), Arka Anamika (0.46) and KO-9 × VRO-5 (3.28) for fruit length; KO-7 (7.91), VRO-5(1.68) and KO-18 × VRO-6 (8.64) for average fruit weight; KO-2 (1.18) and KO-17 × Arka Anamika (2.80) for number of fruits per plant; KO-9(0.05), VRO-6 (0.01) and KO-11 × VRO-6 (0.10) for total yield per plant were identified as good general and specific combiners. The results establish the worth of heterosis breeding for effective usage of non-additive genetic variance in okra.
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Sonabend, Adam M., Yoel Korenfeld, Celina Crisman, Neeraj Badjatia, Stephan A. Mayer, and E. Sander Connolly. "Prevention of Ventriculostomy-Related Infections With Prophylactic Antibiotics and Antibiotic-Coated External Ventricular Drains: A Systematic Review." Neurosurgery 68, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 996–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e3182096d84.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Ventriculostomy-related infection (VRI) is a severe complication of external ventricular drain use, occurring in 5% to 23% of patients. Preventive measures for VRI include prolonged prophylactic systemic antibiotics (PSAs) and an antibiotic-coated external ventricular drains (ac-EVDs). OBJECTIVE: We performed a systematic review of all studies evaluating PSAs and ac-EVD for VRI prevention through July 2010. METHODS: Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility and evaluated study quality based on pre-established criteria. Observational studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that fulfilled inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS: Three RCTs and 7 observational studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The type of antibiotics and VRI definitions varied among these studies. Pooled analysis showed a protective effect of PSAs and ac-EVDs for VRI (risk ratio: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.18-0.56). Results showed moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 53%) explained by the difference in quality among the studies and the inclusion of 1 large positive cohort study. The effect of PSAs and ac-EVDs was unrelated to the type of study (RCT or observational, P for interaction = .55), the route of antibiotic administration (PSAs or ac-EVDs, P = .13), or the quality of the studies (suboptimal vs good/excellent, P = .55). CONCLUSION: RCTs and observational-derived evidence support the use of PSAs throughout the duration of external ventricular drainage; similarly, the use of ac-EVDs to prevent VRI seems to be beneficial. Available data are heterogeneous and of suboptimal quality. Further research is needed to confirm the findings of this meta-analysis. There are not sufficient data to compare the protective effect of ac-EVDs and PSAs.
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Naghavi, Morteza, Albert A. Yen, Alex W. H. Lin, Hirofumi Tanaka, and Stanley Kleis. "New Indices of Endothelial Function Measured by Digital Thermal Monitoring of Vascular Reactivity: Data from 6084 Patients Registry." International Journal of Vascular Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1348028.
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Background. Endothelial function is viewed as a barometer of cardiovascular health and plays a central role in vascular reactivity. Several studies showed digital thermal monitoring (DTM) as a simple noninvasive method to measure vascular reactivity that is correlated with atherosclerosis risk factors and coronary artery disease. Objectives. To further evaluate the relations between patient characteristics and DTM indices in a large patient registry. Methods. DTM measures were correlated with age, sex, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 6084 patients from 18 clinics. Results. DTM vascular reactivity index (VRI) was normally distributed and inversely correlated with age (r=-0.21, p<0.0001). Thirteen percent of VRI tests were categorized as poor vascular reactivity (VRI < 1.0), 70 percent as intermediate (1.0 ≤ VRI < 2.0), and 17 percent as good (VRI ≥ 2.0). Poor VRI (<1.0) was noted in 6% of <50 y, 10% of 50–70 y, and 18% of ≥70 y. In multiple linear regression analyses, age, sex, and diastolic blood pressure were significant but weak predictors of VRI. Conclusions. As the largest database of finger-based vascular reactivity measurement, this report adds to prior findings that VRI is a meaningful physiological marker and reflects a high level of residual risk found in patients currently under care.
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Hsu, Bang-Gee, Chih-Hsien Wang, Yu-Hsien Lai, and Jen-Pi Tsai. "Serum Galectin-3 Level Is Positively Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3 to 5." Toxins 13, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080532.
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Galectin-3, which is a novel biomarker of cardiovascular stress and related to inflammation, could predict adverse cardiovascular events. However, its relationship with endothelial function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum galectin-3 levels and endothelial function in patients with stages 3–5 CKD. Fasting blood samples were obtained from 130 patients. Serum galectin-3 levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The endothelial function, demonstrated as a vascular reactivity index (VRI), was measured noninvasively through digital thermal monitoring test. Then, we sorted the patients into poor, intermediate, and good vascular reactivity (VRI < 1.0, 1.0 ≤ VRI < 2.0, and VRI ≥ 2.0), accounting for 24 (18.5%), 44 (33.8%), and 62 (47.7%) patients, respectively. As the VRI decreased, the serum galectin-3 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels significantly increased. The galectin-3 value positively correlated with the CRP value but negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate. In multivariable stepwise linear regression analysis, serum log-transformed galectin-3 level and log-transformed CRP were significantly negatively associated with VRI values. Therefore, galectin-3 together with CRP is associated with VRI values and is a potential endothelial function modulator and a valuable biomarker of endothelial dysfunction in patients with CKD.
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Sanwal, Satish Kumar, Anita Mann, Hari Kesh, Gurpreet Kaur, Raj Kumar, and Arvind Kumar Rai. "Genotype environment interaction analysis for fruit yield in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) under alkaline environments." Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) 81, no. 01 (March 25, 2021): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31742/ijgpb.81.1.11.
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Twenty four Okra genotypes were evaluated for marketable fruit yield and its related traits for genotype environment interaction during 2015-16 and 2016-17. The genotypes were exposed to alkaline environment with a pH range of 8.0±0.2, 8.5±0.2, 9.0±0.2 and 9.5±0.2. A significant level of deviation in expression of different traits was observed in all the genotypes with increasing pH. Based on Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI), Genotype and Genotype Environment Interaction (GGE) biplot, Wrick’s ecovalence (Wi2 ), AMMI Stability Value (ASV) and Yield Stability Index (YSi) stable genotypes with high fruit yield were identified over the eight environments. The combined AMMI analysis of variance indicated that genotype main effect, environment and genotype-by-environment interaction effects showed variation of 19.83%, 63.07% and 17.10%, respectively for fruit yield. On the basis of different stability measures, VRO-112, VRO-110, Kashi Kranti, VROB178, AE-70 and VRO-108 were differentiated as high yielding and stable genotypes over the tested environments. This study will be helpful for selecting alkali tolerant okra parents for further breeding programme and recommending the suitable genotypes for alkalinity prone area
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Lin, Lin, Liang-Te Chiu, Ming-Che Lee, and Bang-Gee Hsu. "Serum Osteocalcin Level is Negatively Associated with Vascular Reactivity Index by Digital Thermal Monitoring in Kidney Transplant Recipients." Medicina 56, no. 8 (August 9, 2020): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56080400.
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Background and Objectives: Osteocalcin is the most abundant noncollagenous protein in bone matrix, which is considered a marker of bone formation. Previous studies indicate that circulating osteocalcin can be expressed by osteoblasts and even by osteoblast-like cells in vessel walls, and it is often associated with arterial stiffness. Our study aims to examine the potential association between osteocalcin levels and endothelial function among kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Materials and Methods: Fasting blood samples were obtained from 68 KT recipients. To measure the endothelial function and vascular reactivity index (VRI), a digital thermal monitoring test (VENDYS) was used. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was also utilized to measure serum total osteocalcin levels. In this study, a VRI of less than 1.0 indicated poor vascular reactivity; a VRI of 1.0–2.0 indicated intermediate vascular reactivity; and a VRI of 2.0 or higher indicated good vascular reactivity. Results: Our findings show that 8 KT recipients (11.8%) had poor vascular reactivity (VRI < 1.0), 26 (38.2%) had intermediate vascular reactivity (1.0 ≤ VRI < 2.0), and 34 (50%) had good vascular reactivity. Increased serum osteocalcin levels (p < 0.001) were found to be associated with poor vascular reactivity. Advanced age (r = −0.361, p = 0.002), serum alkaline phosphate level (r = −0.254, p = 0.037), and log-transformed osteocalcin levels (r = − 0.432, p < 0.001) were identified to be negatively correlated with VRI in KT recipients. Multivariable forward stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that the serum level of osteocalcin (β = −0.391, adjusted R2 change = 0.174; p < 0.001) and advanced age (β = −0.308, adjusted R2 change = 0.084; p = 0.005) were significantly and independently associated with VRI in KT recipients. Conclusions: Higher serum osteocalcin level was associated with lower VRI and poorer endothelial dysfunction among KT recipients.
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Chen, Tai-Li, Ming-Che Lee, Ching-Chung Ho, Bang-Gee Hsu, and Jen-Pi Tsai. "Serum Adipocyte Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Level is Negatively Associated with Vascular Reactivity Index Measured by Digital Thermal Monitoring in Kidney Transplant Patients." Metabolites 9, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9080159.
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Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) is abundantly found in mature adipocytes and is involved in cardiovascular disease. Our aim is to investigate the association between serum A-FABP levels and endothelial function among kidney transplant (KT) patients. Fasting blood samples were obtained from 80 KT patients. Serum A-FABP levels were measured using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay kit. Endothelial function and vascular reactivity index (VRI) were measured using digital thermal monitoring test. In this study, VRI < 1.0, VRI 1.0–1.9, and VRI ≥ 2.0 were defined as poor, intermediate, and good vascular reactivity, respectively. There were 12 (15.0%), 30 (37.5%), and 38 (47.5%) KT patients categorized as having poor, intermediate, and good vascular reactivity, respectively. Increased serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.012), γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT; p = 0.032), and A-FABP (p < 0.001) were associated with decreased vascular reactivity. Multivariable forward stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that age (β = −0.283, adjusted R2 change = 0.072; p = 0.003) and serum log-A-FABP level (β = −0.514, adjusted R2 change = 0.268; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with VRI values in KT patients. We concluded that serum fasting A-FABP level is negatively associated with VRI values and plays a role in endothelial dysfunction of KT patients.
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Duarte, Francisco, Adelino Ferreira, and Paulo Fael. "Software tool for simulation of vehicle – road interaction." Engineering Computations 34, no. 5 (July 3, 2017): 1501–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-07-2016-0273.
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Purpose This paper aims to deal with the development of a software tool to simulate and study vehicle – road interaction (VRI) to quantify the forces induced and energy released from vehicles to the road pavement, in different vehicle motion scenarios, and the energy absorbed by the road surface, speed reducers or a specific energy harvester surface or device. The software tool also enables users to quantify the energetic efficiency of the process. Design/methodology/approach Existing software tools were analysed and its limitations were identified in terms of performing energetic analysis on the interaction between the vehicle and the road pavement elements, such as speed reducers or energy harvest devices. The software tool presented in this paper intends to overcome those limitations and precisely quantify the energy transfer. Findings Different vehicle models and VRI models were evaluated, allowing to conclude about each model precision: bicycle car model has a 60 per cent higher precision when compared with quarter-car model, and contact patch analysis model has a 67 per cent higher precision than single force analysis model. Also, a technical study was performed for different equipment surface shapes and displacements, concluding that these variables have a great influence on the energy released by the vehicle and on the energy harvested by the equipment surface. Originality/value The developed software tool allows to study VRI with a higher precision than existing tools, especially when energetic analyses are performed and when speed reduction or energy harvesting devices are applied on the pavement.
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Sierra, Marta Isabel, Raquel Losa, Maria Tresguerres, Eduardo Gutierrez Restrepo, Quionia Perez, Carlos Alvarez, Jose Pablo Berros, Noemi Villanueva, Jose Manuel Gracia, and Emilio Esteban. "Phase I dose-escalation study of oral vinorelbine (VRLO) plus pemetrexed (PEM) in patients (pts) with advanced or metastatic non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e18044-e18044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e18044.
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e18044 Background: PEM and VRLO have shown high activity and good safety profile when given as single agent chemotherapy for NSCLC. Platinum combinations are considered the standard of care of first-line advanced NSCLC treatment. However, some patients cannot receive platinum salts, being treated with non-platinum combinations as an alternative treatment option. PEM is indicated for the 1st-line treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC other than predominantly squamous cell histology. VRLO is indicated for stage III-IV NSCLC and has shown efficacy in all histology subgroups. Their combination could offer a treatment option in non-squamous 1st-line NSCLC. Methods: A phase I study is being conducted to determine the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of PEM on day 1 plus VRLO given on days 1 and 8, with 3-weeks cycles as 1st-line treatment in locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous NSCLC pts. Results: As of Jan-2012, 18 pts (M/F: 13/5, median age 61, all PS 0-1) had received 104 cycles in 4 dose levels (DL): VRLO (mg/m2)/PEM (mg/m2): 60/500 (5 pts, DL1), 70/500 (7 pts, DL2), 60-80/500 (3 pts, DL3), 80/500 (3 pt-DL4). Safety: dose limiting toxicity as defined per protocol was neutropenia gr 4 with febrile neutropenia at DL2. Other toxicities were: neutropenia gr 3 (3 pts), gr 2 (2 pts); leukopenia gr 2 (3 pts). Other adverse events included: vomiting (gr 3 / 1 pt) (gr 2 / 5 pts); gr 2 asthenia (5 pts); constipation (gr 2 / 1 pt) (gr 1 / 2 pts); diarrhea (gr 1 /3 pts); fever (gr 1/1 pt); alopecia (gr 1/ 1 pt). Efficacy in 15 evaluable pts: CR, 0 pts; PR, 9 pts; NC, 3 pts; PD, 2 pts. Overall response rate, 60% (73% clinical benefit). Conclusions: The administration of PEM plus VRLO is feasible, the MTD being reached at 80/500 mg/m2. Further exploration of the combination will be planned after final analysis.
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Wolfromm, Alice, Raphael Porcher, Jérome Legoff, Régis Peffault de Latour, Alienor Xhaard, Patricia Ribaud, Catherine Scieux, Anne Bergeron, Gerard Socie, and Marie Robin. "Viral Respiratory Infections After Allogeneic Hemaotpoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Outcome and Prognosis." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.491.491.
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Abstract Abstract 491FN2 Rational: Influenza (FLU, parainfluenza (PIF), respiratory syncitial (RSV) virus, Adenovirus (ADV) and less frequently Epstein Barr virus (EBV), Herpes Simplex (HSV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) are responsible for VRI leading to a mortality rate of 5 to 30% after HSCT. New VRI have been recently described with paradoxical conclusions concerning their pathogenicity after HSCT: rhinovirus (RV), metapneumovirus (MPV), coronarovirus (CV), Human Herpes Virus 6 (HHV6) and poliomavirus KI (KI). Methods: This study aims to describe VRI infections, outcomes and risk factors for 100-day mortality in patients who received a first HSCT in our center from 01/2007 to 10/2010. Diagnosis of VRI was performed on nasopharyngeal secretion (by nasopharyngeal aspiration (NPA)) or broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL). Viruses were detected by a multiplex PCR assay (RespiFinder19) that detects FLU, PIF, RSV, ADV, RV, MPV, CV (OC43, 229E, NL63), (and C. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae, L. pneumophila, B. pertussis) prospectively from 09/2009 and retrospectively before this date. Real time quantitative PCR for ADV, HSV, CMV, HHV6, KI and EBV were also performed from 01/2007. Other bacterial and fungal infections were documented by usual method (sputum, BAL, aspergillus galactomannan antigenemia, radiological findings, L. pneumophila antigen and S. pneumonia urinary antigens). Factors associated with 100-day mortality were estimated using Cox proportional cause-specific Hazard models. Results: 127 patients with at least one episode of VRI were studied. Median age was 41 years (range: 8 to 66) with 38% women. The majority of patients was transplanted for hematological malignancy (87%), after a reduced intensity conditioning regimen (66%) with peripheral blood stem cells (63%) [Bone marrow 22%, cord blood 15%]. VRI was essentially diagnosed by NPA (90%) and was associated with a documented bacterial or fungal co-infection in 12% of patients. At VRI diagnosis, 143 viruses were identified in the 127 patients (concomitant viruses in some patients). The distribution of virus was: RV (32%), CV (17%), PIF (17%), ADV (11%), RSV (9%), MPV (7%), HHV6 (5%), FLU (4%), CMV (3%), PM (3%), EBV (2%), HSV (1%). After excluding patients with several virus or another co-pathogen, distribution of virus was RV (28%), CV (12%), PIF (10%), ADV (7%), RSV (6%), MPV (5%), HHV6 (2%), FLU (2%), CMV (1%), PM (2%), EBV (1%), HSV (1%). Thirty-two patients had nosocomial VRI and 36 were hospitalized during VRI evolution. At diagnosis, lower respiratory tract was involved in 52% of patients and 14% required oxygenotherapy. Four patients were transferred into intensive care unit. Seven patients died within 30 days and 14 within 3 months leading to a 3-month survival at 89%. None of them had an isolated VRI as sole cause of death: VRI was associated with active GVHD in 3 patients, active GVHD and co-infection in 3 patients, progressive malignancy in 3 patients, engraftment failure and co-infection in 2 patients, acute non-respiratory organ failure in 3 patients. Virus distribution in the 14 patients who died within 3 months was: CV (n=3), HHV6 (n=3), PIF (n=2), RV, RSV, MPV, FLU, KI, ADV (1 patient for each). Risk factors in univariate analysis for death at 3 months identified ongoing steroid therapy ≥ 1 mg/kg (HR: 4.65, P=0.004), lymphocytes count < 0.5 G/L (HR: 12.4, P=0.04), lower tract involvement (HR: 3.69, P=0.045), presence of a co-infection (HR: 3.38, P=0.043) and oxygenotherapy (HR: 4.57, P=0.008). The delay between transplantation and VRI has no evident effect on outcome. Multivariate analysis showed that lymphocyte count and steroid dose at VRI onset were associated with the 3-month survival. More precisely, patients with lymphocyte count > 0.5 G/L had the best prognosis, while those with lymphopenia had a proportionally increasing risk of death according to the steroid dose (P=0.0002), with HR at 5.75 (95%CI 2.31 to 14.3) if they received less than 1 mg/kg and 33.0 (95%CI 5.32 to 204.9) if they received 1 mg/kg or more. Importantly, the prognostic value of these factors remained true during follow-up (Figure 1). Conclusion: RV, MPV, CV (OC43, 229E, NL63) are frequently isolated in cases of respiratory symptoms. Early mortality attributable to all VRI is relatively low and occurred only in patients with comorbidity. Prognosis of VRI may be related to the underlying immune defect induced by GVHD and its treatment, especially on lymphocyte counts. Disclosures: Peffault de Latour: Alexion: Consultancy, Research Funding.
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Liu, Pengyu, and Kebin Jia. "An Efficient Hierarchical Video Coding Scheme Combining Visual Perception Characteristics." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/727943.
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Different visual perception characteristic saliencies are the key to constitute the low-complexity video coding framework. A hierarchical video coding scheme based on human visual systems (HVS) is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme uses a joint video coding framework consisting of visual perception analysis layer (VPAL) and video coding layer (VCL). In VPAL, effective visual perception characteristics detection algorithm is proposed to achieve visual region of interest (VROI) based on the correlation between coding information (such as motion vector, prediction mode, etc.) and visual attention. Then, the interest priority setting for VROI according to visual perception characteristics is completed. In VCL, the optional encoding method is developed utilizing the visual interested priority setting results from VPAL. As a result, the proposed scheme achieves information reuse and complementary between visual perception analysis and video coding. Experimental results show that the proposed hierarchical video coding scheme effectively alleviates the contradiction between complexity and accuracy. Compared with H.264/AVC (JM17.0), the proposed scheme reduces 80% video coding time approximately and maintains a good video image quality as well. It improves video coding performance significantly.
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Cheng, Chih-Hsiu, Kwan-Hwa Lin, Jiu-Jenq Lin, and Jaw-Lin Wang. "CERVICAL ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ACTIVITIES DURING NECK MOVEMENTS AT DIFFERENT SPEEDS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS: VOLUNTARY RESPONSE INDEX ANALYSIS." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 19, no. 06 (December 2007): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237207000458.
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The assessment of cervical muscle control patterns is important for the diagnosis of cervical dysfunction. Voluntary response index (VRI), including the similarity index (SI) and the magnitude (MAG), provides quantitative analysis of the surface electromyography (sEMG) pattern and total muscle voluntary activities respectively. This study was to investigate the effect of movement directions and speeds of the VRI response of cervical muscles in healthy subjects. The sEMG of bilateral sternocleidomastoid, semispinalis capitis, and splenius capitis were measured in thirteen asymptomatic young subjects. The subjects performed voluntary neck movements in flexion, extension, left and right side bending at fast, medium, and slow speeds. The results showed that SI ranged from 1–0.8 and MAG was generally less than 40 μV. The SI was significantly smallest and the MAG was largest at fast speed. The MAG was also significantly different among directions but the effect of direction on SI was only significant at fast speed. In conclusion, the movement speed and direction could affect the magnitude and control pattern of cervical muscles, such that both the speed and direction of the examined tasks should be carefully monitored during the assessment of cervical muscle activation.
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Andrade, Manuel A., Susan A. O’Shaughnessy, and Steven R. Evett. "ARSPivot, A Sensor-Based Decision Support Software for Variable-Rate Irrigation Center Pivot Systems: Part B. Application." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 5 (2020): 1535–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13908.
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HighlightsThe ARSPivot software facilitates variable-rate irrigation management of a center pivot irrigation system.The software embodies a system capable of generating site-specific prescription maps based on weather, plant, and soil water information.ARSPivot’s graphical user interface (GUI) incorporates easy-to-use geographic information system (GIS) tools that help its users to make irrigation management decisions.Abstract. The ARSPivot software was developed for the seamless operation of a complex network consisting of a variable-rate irrigation (VRI) center pivot system and an Irrigation Scheduling Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (ISSCADA) system that interfaces with weather, plant, and soil water sensing systems. ARSPivot’s graphical user interface (GUI) incorporates a built-in geographic information system (GIS) that maps a center pivot system and facilitates the analysis of data relevant to its operation. The GIS was developed following a minimalistic approach with the objective of making its geospatial data analysis tools accessible to a wide range of users (farmers, irrigation consultants, and researchers). The post-harvest analyses of two experiments carried out in the Texas High Plains during the summers of 2016 and 2017 using a three-span VRI center pivot are presented to illustrate the advantages of using ARSPivot as a decision support tool and how its GIS tools help its users make better informed decisions regarding irrigation management. In these experiments, the north-northwest (NNW) portion of a field planted with corn (Zea mays L.) was irrigated using VRI zone control, and the south-southeast (SSE) portion was irrigated using VRI speed control. Experimental plots in the NNW portion were assigned one of three irrigation levels (80%, 50%, or 30% replenishment of soil water depletion to field capacity in the top 1.5 m), and their irrigation was scheduled using either a plant stress-based algorithm implemented in the ARSPivot software or manual weekly neutron probe (NP) readings. Plots in the SSE portion were assigned a single irrigation level of 80%, and their irrigation was scheduled using either the plant stress method or a two-step hybrid approach in which soil water sensing was combined with the plant stress method to determine irrigation depths. Soil water sensing data for the ISSCADA system were provided by NP readings during the 2016 season and by sets of time-domain reflectometers (TDRs) installed at depths of 15, 30, and 45 cm during the 2017 season. No significant differences were found during either season in terms of mean dry grain yield and crop water productivity (CWP) obtained from plots irrigated at the 80% level in both sides of the field, regardless of the irrigation scheduling method or the type of VRI application method used for irrigation. No significant differences were found during either season between mean dry grain yield and CWP of plots in the NNW portion irrigated using the plant stress-based method and NP readings at the 80% irrigation level. The lack of significant differences documented the potential of the ARSPivot system as a plant and soil water sensing-based decision support software for site-specific irrigation management of corn using a VRI center pivot system. Keywords: Center pivot irrigation, Decision support system, Geographic information system, Precision agriculture, Software.
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Radonovich, Lewis, Michael S. Simberkoff, Mary Bessesen, Alexandria C. Brown, Derek Cummings, Charlotte Gaydos, Jenna Los, et al. "1716. Results of the Respiratory Protection Effectiveness Clinical Trial (ResPECT)." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy209.122.
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Abstract Results of the Respiratory Protection Effectiveness Clinical Trial (ResPECT) Background Respiratory protection (RP) for healthcare personnel (HCP) is controversial and clinical studies are inconclusive about the effectiveness of N95 respirators (N95) and medical masks (MM) for protecting HCP from workplace viral respiratory infections and illnesses (VRII). Methods We conducted a cluster-randomized, investigator-blinded, multisite effectiveness study comparing N95 to MM in geographically diverse, high exposure outpatient settings between 2011 and 2016. Each year during VRII season, participants wore assigned devices when within 6 feet of patients with known or suspected respiratory illness. Respiratory swabs were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic participants. Diaries detailed VRII exposures, influenza vaccination, adherence to RP and hand hygiene, and manifestations of illness. The primary and secondary outcomes were the incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza (LCI) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hemagglutinin inhibition assays (HAI), and acute respiratory illness (ARI), influenza-like illness (ILI), laboratory-confirmed respiratory illness (LCRI), and laboratory-detected respiratory infection (LDRI) (figure). Intervention protective effects were estimated using unadjusted odds and incidence rate ratios. Results 5,180 HCP seasons enrolled and randomized (2,243 to N95 and 2,446 to MM), with 4,689 (91%) completing the study. In the intention-to-treat cohort (ITT), among participants in the N95 and MM groups, respectively, 207 (8.2%) and 193 (7.2%) were diagnosed with LCI (odds ratio [OR] 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93–1.40); 1,556 (61.9%) and 1711 (64.1%) were diagnosed with ARI (relative risk (RR) 0.99, CI 0.92–1.06); 128 (5.1%) and 166 (6.2%) were diagnosed with ILI (RR 0.87, CI 0.68–1.10), 371 (14.8%) and 417 (15.6%) were diagnosed with LCRI (RR 0.97, CI 0.84–1.12); and 679 (27.0%) and 745 (27.9%) were diagnosed with LDRI (RR 0.99, CI 0.89–1.09). The adjusted ITT and per-protocol analyses yielded similar results. Conclusion In this outpatient-based, cluster-randomized, controlled trial, neither N95 nor MM resulted in superior protection from LCI or VRII. Disclosures C. Gaydos, BioFire: Consultant, Consulting fee. Cepheid: Speaker’s Bureau, Speaker honorarium. Becton Dickinson: Speaker’s Bureau, Speaker honorarium.