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1
Cook, I. "Pedometer step counting in South Africa: tools or trinkets?" South African Journal of Sports Medicine 18, no. 3 (February 5, 2006): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2006/v18i3a238.
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Objectives. This study addressed (i) the accuracy of measuring ambulatory signals and (ii) the susceptibility to nonambulatory signals, of the Discovery Vitality Pedometer (VT) and the Kellogg's Special K Step Counter (KL) compared with three research-grade pedometers (DW: Yamax DigiWalker SW-401, MTI: MTI Actigraph AM-7164-2.2 , NL: New Lifestyles NL 2000). Design. One hundred instruments (20 instruments/brand) were tested at five level walking speeds on a motorised treadmill (3.24, 4.02, 4.80, 5.64, 6.42 km.hr-1) and during motor vehicle travel on tarred roads (62.9 km). Results. The KL was highly variable across all speeds, while the VT tended to be variable at the lowest speed. The DW, NL and VT significantly underestimated steps below 4.80km.hr-1 (41 - 94%, p < 0.02) but accuracy improved at speeds ≥ 4.80 km.hr-1 (98 - 102%). The KL displayed the highest variability (60% inter-instrument variance) followed by the VT (10% inter-instrument variance). The research-grade pedometers were the least variable (0 - 1% inter-instrument variance). At 4.80 km.hr-1, all research- grade pedometers measured within a 10% margin of error compared with the 90% of VT units and 42% of KL units. The VT was significantly more resistant to nonambulatory signals than the DW (p < 0.01). The KL was the most variable in its response to non-ambulatory signals while the NL was the most consistent. The MTI detected the most non-ambulatory signals (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The KL should not be used as a promotional pedometer. The VT achieved the minimum standards required of a promotional pedometer. Further testing is required for longevity, and performance under free-living conditions. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 18 (3) 2006: pp. 67-78
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Cook, I. "Pedometer step counting in South Africa: tools or trinkets?" South African Journal of Sports Medicine 18, no. 3 (February 5, 2009): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2006/v18i3a238.
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Objectives. This study addressed (i) the accuracy of measuring ambulatory signals and (ii) the susceptibility to nonambulatory signals, of the Discovery Vitality Pedometer (VT) and the Kellogg's Special K Step Counter (KL) compared with three research-grade pedometers (DW: Yamax DigiWalker SW-401, MTI: MTI Actigraph AM-7164-2.2 , NL: New Lifestyles NL 2000). Design. One hundred instruments (20 instruments/brand) were tested at five level walking speeds on a motorised treadmill (3.24, 4.02, 4.80, 5.64, 6.42 km.hr-1) and during motor vehicle travel on tarred roads (62.9 km). Results. The KL was highly variable across all speeds, while the VT tended to be variable at the lowest speed. The DW, NL and VT significantly underestimated steps below 4.80km.hr-1 (41 - 94%, p < 0.02) but accuracy improved at speeds ≥ 4.80 km.hr-1 (98 - 102%). The KL displayed the highest variability (60% inter-instrument variance) followed by the VT (10% inter-instrument variance). The research-grade pedometers were the least variable (0 - 1% inter-instrument variance). At 4.80 km.hr-1, all research- grade pedometers measured within a 10% margin of error compared with the 90% of VT units and 42% of KL units. The VT was significantly more resistant to nonambulatory signals than the DW (p < 0.01). The KL was the most variable in its response to non-ambulatory signals while the NL was the most consistent. The MTI detected the most non-ambulatory signals (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The KL should not be used as a promotional pedometer. The VT achieved the minimum standards required of a promotional pedometer. Further testing is required for longevity, and performance under free-living conditions. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 18 (3) 2006: pp. 67-78
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Acharya, Nisha, Md Riasat Hasan, Dashrath Kafle, Anil Chakradhar, and Takashi Saito. "Effect of Hand and Rotary Instruments on the Fracture Resistance of Teeth: An In Vitro Study." Dentistry Journal 8, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj8020038.
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Objective: Endodontic treatment should be both conservative and effective. Endodontic instruments with a greater taper are used for coronal flaring, for proper debridement with efficient irrigation. However, increased taper of an instrument can remove a larger amount of pericervical dentin, compromising the strength of the tooth. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hand files, ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, and V Taper rotary instrument systems on the fracture resistance of teeth. Materials and Methods: In total, 60 extracted human maxillary first premolars were divided into four groups—Group I (Hand Files; HF), Group II (ProTaper Universal; PT), group III (ProTaper Next; PTN) and Group IV (V Taper; VT) (N = 15). Each group was instrumented with the respective instrument system, irrigated, obturated, restored, and mounted in cold cure acrylic. A universal load-testing machine (Shimadzu, Japan) was used to apply a vertical compressive load. The maximum force was recorded in Newton. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Independent t-tests were applied to compare the maximum mean force required to fracture the tooth. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in fracture resistance between Group I (HF) and Group II (PT) and between Group II (PT) and Group IV (VT) (p < 0.001). Similarly, a significant difference was observed between Group II (PT) and Group III (PTN) (p < 0.01). Furthermore, a significant difference was observed between Group I (HF) and Group III (PTN), and between Group III (PTN) and Group IV (VT) (p < 0.05), too. However, there was no statistically significant difference between Group I (HF) and group IV (VT) (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Rotary files with more taper seem to remove more pericervical dentin than traditional manual and rotary files with less taper, thus altering the strength of the tooth.
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Wu, C., Y. L. Qiu, and H. B. Cai. "SVOM Visible Telescope: Performance and Data Process Scheme." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S279 (April 2011): 421–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312013646.
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AbstractVT (Visible Telescope) is an instrument onboard SVOM (Space-based multi-band astronomical Variable Objects Monitor) satellite working in the visible band, which will play an important role in follow-up of two categories of GRBs: very distant events at higher redshift and faint/soft nearby events in SVOM mission. To fulfill these primary science requirements, decent sensitivity and wavelength coverage are fundamental for VT design. VT performance and data process strategy were successfully studied on its feasibility in Phase A, which is presented in this poster. Additionally, preliminary VT image simulator is also introduced here.
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Newby, Maxwell D., Habib G. Zalzal, Jad Ramadan, Brian M. Kellermeyer, and Michele M. Carr. "Decision Quality Among Parents Who Are Offered Ventilation Tube Insertion for Their Children." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 129, no. 8 (March 4, 2020): 748–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489420909850.
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Objective: To develop a Decision Quality (DQ) tool to measure parents’ DQ concerning ventilation tube (VT) insertion in their children. Method: Parental survey during 2017 to 2018 in a tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology clinic comparing a validated Decisional Conflict (DC) scale with a DQ instrument including Shared Decision-Making (SDM) scale, parental treatment goals, and knowledge about VT. Results: Of 100 parent participants, 83% were mothers and 14% were fathers. 94% elected VT insertion, 6% elected monitoring or deferred the decision. 44% of the patients were <18 months, 42% were 19 months to 3 years, and the rest were older. The mean DC score was 8.26 out of 100 (95% CI 4.82-11.69), indicating low DC. Mean DQ score was 82.45 out of 100 (95% CI 80.18-84.72), including mean SDM of 87.71 (95% CI 83.53-91.88,), mean knowledge score of 87.5% (95% CI 84.56-91.59) and mean values score of 7.16 (95% CI 6.90-7.41). Comparisons between those who elected VT and those who did not showed that electors had lower DC scores (7.15 vs 24.74, P < .001), higher DQ scores (83.00 vs 72.61, P = .028) with higher SDM scores (88.70 vs 70.22, P = .044) and higher values score (7.20 vs 6.36, P = .034). Cronbach alpha for the DQ scale was 0.76. Spearman’s rho for DQ score versus DC score was −0.458, P < .001. Conclusions: DQ, as measured with this tool, was higher when parents chose to place tubes. Our DQ instrument has potential use for study of why parents may decline VT when their child meets criteria for them.
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Hastings, R. H., and F. L. Powell. "High-frequency ventilation of ducks and geese." Journal of Applied Physiology 63, no. 1 (July 1, 1987): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.1.413.
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We studied gas exchange in anesthetized ducks and geese artificially ventilated at normal tidal volumes (VT) and respiratory frequencies (fR) with a Harvard respirator (control ventilation, CV) or at low VT-high fR using an oscillating pump across a bias flow with mean airway opening pressure regulated at 0 cmH2O (high-frequency ventilation, HFV). VT was normalized to anatomic plus instrument dead space (VT/VD) for analysis. Arterial PCO2 was maintained at or below CV levels by HFV with VT/VD less than 0.5 and fR = 9 and 12 s-1 but not at fR = 6 s-1. For 0.4 less than or equal to VT/VD less than or equal to 0.85 and 3 s-1. less than or equal to fR less than or equal to 12 s-1, increased VT/VD was twice as effective as increased fR at decreasing arterial PCO2, consistent with oscillatory dispersion in a branching network being an important gas transport mechanism in birds on HFV. Ventilation of proximal exchange units with fresh gas due to laminar flow is not the necessary mechanism supporting gas exchange in HFV, since exchange could be maintained with VT/VD less than 0.5. Interclavicular and posterior thoracic air sac ventilation measured by helium washout did not change as much as expired minute ventilation during HFV. PCO2 was equal in both air sacs during HFV. These results could be explained by alterations in aerodynamic valving and flow patterns with HFV. Ventilation-perfusion distributions measured by the multiple inert gas elimination technique show increased inhomogeneity with HFV. Elimination of soluble gases was also enhanced in HFV as reported for mammals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Török, P., F. Depta, V. Donic, M. Nosál’, S. Imrecze, J. Benová, K. Galková, et al. "Volumetric Сapnography As a Tool for Evaluation of Alveolar Ventilation Effectiveness in Clinical Practice." General Reanimatology 14, no. 5 (October 28, 2018): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15360/1813-9779-2018-5-16-24.
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The purpose of the study was to compare the relationship between the dead space volume and tidal volume (VD/VT) using volumetric capnography (VCap) during pressure controlled (PCV) and pressure supported (PSV) ventilation mode in the postoperative period.Materials and methods. 30 randomly assigned cardiac surgical patients undergoing CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting) using ECC (extracorporeal circuit) were included in an observational, prospective study. Patients were connected to the ventilator immediately after ICU admission. After that, monitoring VD/VT, CO2 production (VECO2) as well as ventilation parameters was carried out. The parameters during PCV and PSV mode were statistically evaluated using t-test.Results. Expiratory CO2 (ETCO2) concentration were not significantly different in both PCV or PSV (p=NS), although both VECO2 and minute ventilation (MV) increased during PSV mode (p<0.01). VD/VT in PSV mode was lower than in PCV. Gas exchange represented by alveolar ventilation (VA) was better during PSV (p<0.01). VA was also higher during PSV (p<0.05). The calculated VD/VT ratio differed between PCV and PSV mode (p<0.01).Conclusion. VCap represents a tool for monitoring of CO2 exchange effectivness. We registered a decrease in VD/VT with improved alveolar ventilation (VA) in PSV mode. VCap seems to be a suitable instrument for adjustment of protective lung ventilation.
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Elyousfi, Fatima, Amitabh Anand, and Audrey Dalmasso. "Impact of e-leadership and team dynamics on virtual team performance in a public organization." International Journal of Public Sector Management 34, no. 5 (March 26, 2021): 508–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-08-2020-0218.
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PurposeThis study examines the effect of various attributes of leadership and teams, modeled as perceived e-leadership and perceived team dynamics on virtual team (VT) performance in a public organization.Design/methodology/approachUsing a survey instrument, data were collected from 184 participants involved in a virtual workplace from one of the largest Canadian public organizations. This study uses PLS-SEM software and quantitative methods.FindingsThis research identified that perceived team dynamics, which includes team member behavior, collaboration and support, has a significant medium effect on VT member performance. However, perceived e-leadership, which includes leaders' trust, leader communication/co-ordination and leader behavior, has a significant small effect on VT performance.Originality/valueThis study contribute to literature on VTs and VT's performance specially in public organizations. As the existing literature on employee performance has mainly focused on private organizations, and more so on VTs. However, little is known about VTs in public organizations and specifically about their performance.
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Zhang, Chang Ming, and Xiao Li Su. "Multiple-Instrument Analysis and their Relationship with Process Development." Advanced Materials Research 699 (May 2013): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.699.371.
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The waste polymer-polyethylene (PE) was treated in a supercritical water (SCW) system under different operation conditions (such as temperature, heat rate and ratio of water and PE material). The obtained liquid oil products and solid-products were analyzed by conjunct methods including high performance gel penetration chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography (GC). A relationship of the characteristics of the products and the operation conditions in waste treatment was established. The results of FTIR and GC analyses indicated that the liquid oil products contain a large amount of alkanes, which are suitable for using as fuel oil. Through a series of experiments, the optimum operation conditions were defined as follows：The amount of PE sample: 6g, H2O/PE ratio: 6/1, the reaction temperature (Tem): 460° C, heating rate (Vt): 7.66 (°C / second), the yield of products: 86.0%.
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Lei, Ming, Yue Guo, and Xin Zheng. "A Method for Measurement Traceability of Calibrator for Electronic Instrument Transformer Tester." Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.201.
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The bottleneck of the measurement traceability system of electronic instrument transformer is the calibrator, which is based on the digital micro-differential source principle and plays the role as intermediate between digital values in data frames and the analog output of the existing standard current transformer (CT) or voltage transformer (VT). A kind of working mechanism of the calibrator for electronic instrument transformer tester and related calibration method are proposed in this paper. The ratio accuracy can be calibrated by the high-precision multimeter and the phase accuracy can be calibrated by the high-speed oscilloscope, which records the waveforms of analog output and the synchronization signal, and the time offset between them can be traced to the time standard. A calibrator is designed and manufactured according to the mechanism and related experiments are conducted to verify the feasibility of the calibration method.
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Hastings, R. H., and F. L. Powell. "Physiological dead space and effective parabronchial ventilation in ducks." Journal of Applied Physiology 60, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.60.1.85.
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Gas exchange in avian lungs is described by a cross-current model that has several differences from the alevolar model of mammalian gas exchange [e.g., end-expired PCO2 greater than arterial PCO2 (PaCO2)]. Consequently the methods available for estimating effective ventilation and physiological dead space (VDphys) in alveolar lungs are not suitable for an analysis of gas exchange in birds. We tested a method for measuring VDphys in birds that is functionally equivalent to the conventional alveolar VDphys. A cross-current O2-CO2 diagram was used to define the ideal expired point (PEi) and VDphys was calculated as from the equation, VDphys = [(PEiCO2--PECO2)/PEiCO2]. VT, where VT is tidal volume. In seven Pekin ducks VDphys was 13.8 ml greater than anatomic dead space and measured changes in the instrument dead space volume. VDphys also reflected changes in ventilation-perfusion inequality induced by temporary unilateral pulmonary arterial occlusion. Bohr dead space, calculated by substituting end-expired PCO2 for PEiCO2, was insensitive to such inhomogeneity. Enghoff dead space, calculated by substituting PaCO2 for PEiCO2, is theoretically incorrect for cross-current gas exchange and was often less than anatomic dead space. We conclude that VDphys is a useful index of avian gas exchange and propose a standard definition for effective parabronchial ventilation (VP) analogous to alveolar ventilation (i.e., VP = VE--VDphys, where VE is total ventilation).
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Junker, C. I., K. Duch, L. Dreyer, J. W. Gregersen, and S. Kristensen. "FRI0583 VALIDATION OF THE MODIFIED FATIGUE IMPACT SCALE IN DANISH PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 895.1–896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1293.
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Background:Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experience significant fatigue, a debilitating symptom associated with reduced quality of life. A simple, reliable multidimensional method for assessing fatigue has not yet been validated for Danish patients with SLE.Objectives:The primary objective was to study the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity) of the multidimensional Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) in patients with SLE. The secondary objective was to investigate the contribution of disease activity and organ damage to fatigue.Methods:Data from the ”Bio and Genome Bank Study in Centre for SLE and Vasculitis” obtained through routine visits were used. Fatigue was assessed using the MFIS and Short Form 36 (SF36). Internal consistency of the MFIS was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha (α). Test-retest reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was studied using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rs) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) between MFIS and SF36 vitality (VT-SF36) and mental health (MH-SF36) subscales. Association between MFIS and disease activity and organ damage was estimated with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.Results:The study included 30 patients with SLE. Internal consistency of the MFIS was excellent with Cronbach’s α = 0.97 for the complete scale. Excellent test-retest reliability was found with ICC = 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.88-0.98, p < 0.05). Construct validity was confirmed by Spearman’s correlation (VT-SF36: rs= −0.73, p < 0.001 (Fig. 1). MH-SF36: rs= −0.74, p < 0.001 (Fig. 2)) and PCA with explained variance from the first two principal components (PC) (VT-SF36: PC1 = 60.2%, PC2 = 8.5%. MH-SF36: PC1 = 58.5%, PC2 = 7.4%). No significant correlation was found between the MFIS and SLEDAI (rs= 0.04, p = 0.84) or SLICC Damage Index (rs= 0.32, p = 0.08).Figure 1.Scatter plot of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) and the Short Form 36 vitality (VT-SF36) subscale.Figure 2.Scatter plot of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) and the Short Form 36 mental health (MH-SF36) subscale.Conclusion:The present study found the multidimensional assessment of fatigue with MFIS to be a reliable and valid instrument in SLE. The MFIS might provide more detailed information about fatigue in future studies. In agreement with some previous studies we found no association between fatigue and SLEDAI or SLICC which raises questions about the cause of this symptom. Further and larger studies are needed to investigate if any association between fatigue and disease components exist.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Wahyuningsih, Diyan, Neta Ayu Andera, and Nisa Aprilia Andika. "The Effect of Left Lateral Position and Squatting Position on The Progress of The Active Phase of The First Stage of Labor Among Primigravida Women at Private Practice Midwife Istikomah, Amd. Keb, Sampung Subdistrict, Ponorogo District." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) 8, no. 2 (August 15, 2021): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v8i2.art.p211-216.
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Primigravida women mostly experience prolonged progress of labor due to the stiff birth canal. There are several positions of labor that may accelerate cervix dilatation process including squatting. This study aimed to determine the effect of left lateral position and squatting position on the progress of the active phase of the first stage of labor among primigravida women. This was a pre-experimental study with Pre test - post test approach. The population was all primigravida women in labor at Private Practive Midwife Istikomah, Amd.Keb., Sampung Subdistrict, Ponorogo District, taken with an accidental sampling technique which obtained 9 respondents. The independent variable was labour position, while the dependent variable was duration of the active phase of the first stage of labor. The data collection instrument used here was observation sheet. The results were analyzed using Paired sample T-test (α=0,05). The results showed that before the application of left lateral and squatting positions in VT 1, all 9 respondents (100%) had normal labour progress and after the application of left lateral and squatting positions in VT 2, most respondents (77.8%) had labour progress in short category. The analysis obtained a p-value=0.000<α=0.05. Thus, there was an effect of left lateral position and squatting position on the progress of the active phase of the first stage of labor among primigravida women. The combination of squatting and left lateral positions during labour seems to accelerate the progress of the active phase of the first stage of labor with minimal side effects.
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Gergely, I., O. M. Russu, Ancuţa Zazgyva, O. Nagy, and T. S. Pop. "Quality of life after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction." ARS Medica Tomitana 18, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10307-012-0031-9.
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of life of patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament single-bundle reconstruction (ACLR) which involves reconstructing the ligament using autologous graft (semitendinosus and gracilis tendon). This is a retrospective study undertaken between the 1st of January 2010 and December 31, 2011 at the Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology Tîrgu-Mureş, involving 30 patients (6 women, 24 men), 17 to 54 years old (mean age of 30.13 years). All the patients underwent ACLR, with the above mentioned technique. The instrument chosen to assess the quality of life was the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) Questionnaire, completed by telephone. This questionnaire has 8 scales which are noted according to the received answers: Physical Functioning (PF), RF (Role Physical), BP (Bodily Pain), GH (General Health), VT (Vitality), SF (Social Functioning), RE (Role Emotional) and MH (Mental Health). The best way to score these scales is by comparing them to the healthy population, which is why this study uses normbased scales where the mean value is 50 and the standard deviation is 10. The scales used in the questionnaire are showed the next results: mean norm-based PF 49.19, RF 46.11, BP 49.82, GH 52.19, VT 52.14, SF 50.43, RE 41.36 and MH 47.18. The general Physical Component showed a mean of 48.93 and the Mental Component a mean of 47.33, close to the standard mean of 50. All these results were included in the standard deviation, which showed that the patients’ quality of life was very close to the quality of life of the normal population. Patients who have a history of ACLR tend to have a quality of life similar to the normal, healthy population.
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McConnell, Anita. "John R. Millburn. Adams of Fleet Street: Instrument Makers to King George III. Burlington, Vt: Ashgate. 2000. Pp. xix, 420. $104.95. ISBN 0-7546-0080-7." Albion 33, no. 4 (2001): 664–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0095139000068125.
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Kaczmarek, Michal, and Ernest Stano. "Why Should We Test the Wideband Transformation Accuracy of Medium Voltage Inductive Voltage Transformers?" Energies 14, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 4432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154432.
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In this paper the results of the tests of the wideband transformation accuracy of medium voltage (MV) inductive voltage transformers (VTs) in the frequencies range from 50 Hz up to 5 kHz are presented. The values of voltage error and phase displacement for transformation of the harmonics of distorted primary voltages are determined. In the case of a typical 50 Hz-type inductive VT with a rated primary voltage equal to (15/√3) kV and (20/√3) kV manufactured by an international company the limiting values of the accuracy classes extension for quality metering required by the standard IEC 61869-6 for the Low Power Instrument Transformers (LPIT) were not exceeded. While, in the same test other MV inductive VTs show poor accuracy and even resonance at multiple frequencies. Unfortunately, this problem also arises from nonlinearity of the magnetization characteristic of their magnetic core. Therefore, for transformation of the sinusoidal voltage in the secondary voltage significant but not easily detectable values of the low order higher harmonics are present. Moreover, for transformation of harmonics of distorted primary voltage the influence of connected capacitance on the obtained values of voltage error and phase displacement was tested.
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Henry, Edward B., Luke E. Barry, Anna P. Hobbins, Nathan S. McClure, and Ciaran O’Neill. "Estimation of an Instrument-Defined Minimally Important Difference in EQ-5D-5L Index Scores Based on Scoring Algorithms Derived Using the EQ-VT Version 2 Valuation Protocols." Value in Health 23, no. 7 (July 2020): 936–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2020.03.003.
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Xu, Hongyan, Qiao Teng, Yan Zeng, Chunping Tian, Bowen Yang, and Xiaoling Yao. "Psychoeducational Intervention Benefits the Quality of Life of Patients with Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (May 25, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9967676.
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Objectives. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and relapsing autoimmune disease and worsens the quality of life (QOL) of patients by affecting their physical and psychological status. The effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions on patients with active SLE was investigated. Methods. Eight-five patients with active SLE were randomly assigned to an observation group or a control group; patients in the observation group received psychoeducational interventions. The following variables were evaluated within a week after admission, 3 and 6 months after psychoeducational intervention: the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument- (WHOQOL-) BREF scores, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) scores, the Beck Depression Inventory, and Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results. We found that scores of all four domains of the WHOQOL-BREF scale were remarkably increased 3 months after psychoeducational intervention in the intervention group and significantly higher than the control group ( P < 0.05 ); 6 months after psychoeducational intervention, psychological and social domain scores of the WHOQOL-BREF scale were remarkably higher in the intervention group than those in the control group, while other scores of three domains were not. PF, RP, BP, GH, RE, and MH scores of the SF-36 scale were remarkably increased 3 months after psychoeducational intervention in the intervention group rather than VT and SF, while all scores of subscales were notably higher in the intervention group than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Six months after psychoeducational intervention, PF, RP, BP, GH, and RE scores of the SF-36 scale were remarkably higher in the intervention group than those in the control group, while VT, SF, and MH scores were not. Three months after psychoeducational intervention, the levels of depression and anxiety of SLE patients were reduced and significantly lower than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Six months after psychoeducational intervention, the level of depression was still reduced, while the level of anxiety was not. Compared with the control group, the levels of depression and anxiety of SLE patients were remarkably declined in the observation group 6 months after psychoeducational intervention ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. These data suggest psychoeducational interventions can significantly improve and maintain the QOL of patients with active SLE.
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Abdala, Eduardo Henrique Chiovato, Ériko Gonçalves Filgueira, Luciano de Almeida Ferrer, and João de Souza Nascimento Filho. "HIGH DEGREE SPONDYLOLISTHESIS IN ADULTS: MONOSEGMENTAL REDUCTION AND FIXATION." Coluna/Columna 14, no. 3 (September 2015): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120151403054375.
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Objective:To evaluate a method to reduce high degree spondylolisthesis in adults with monosegmental fixing preserving the adjacent level and the improvement of sagittal balance.Methods:A prospective study, with 12 adult patients with high degree spondylolisthesis (III and IV) in adults who underwent surgery by the same team. We included 7 women and 5 men with a mean age of 37 years and lombosciatalgy that had no improvement with conservative treatment. The surgical technique used was total or partial reduction by Spondylolisthesis Reduction Instrument (SRI) system, with instrumentation only in the affected level, thus sparing the adjacent level, associated with 360ofusion.Results:The L5-S1 level was involved in nine patients, L4-L5 in two, and VT-S1 in one patient. The isthmic type predominated in nine patients, followed by dysplastic type in two, and one iatrogenic spondylolisthesis. These patients were assessed by the Oswestry scale, which showed a preoperative average of 59% and postoperative average of 12.4% (P<0.05). A significant improvement in the average slip angle from 54.66% to 9.5% (35% to 0%) was found. No major complications such as infection, neurological damage or material breaks were observed.Conclusion:The reduction of high degree listhesis instrumenting only the affected level produces good results, with good control of pain and functional improvement of patients. However, a larger follow-up is required to better evaluation.
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Saavedra Chinchayán, María Esther, Gladys Bernardita León Montoya, and Adalia Estefany Dávila Guerrero. "Comunicación terapéutica del enfermero, desde la perspectiva del hospitalizado en el hospital General Jaén, Perú." Enfermería Global 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 363–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.417451.
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Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de comunicación terapéutica del profesional de enfermería desde la perspectiva de las personas hospitalizadas en el servicio de medicina del Hospital General Jaén, Perú.Material y método: Estudio cuantitativo, nivel descriptivo; observacional, prospectivo, transversal, análisis estadístico univariado, muestra constituida por 122 personas hospitalizadas, se utilizó como instrumento el “Cuestionario de la comunicación terapéutica” elaborado por Lourdes Guevara Chuquillanqui, con validez por juicio de expertos fue VC = 2.2 > VT = 1.6449 y una confiabilidad de 0.92.Resultados: El 100% (122) de las personas hospitalizadas; 71.3% (87) percibió una comunicación terapéutica de nivel bajo y el 28.7% (35) nivel medio. Según las dimensiones: en empatía el 70.5% (86) percibió una comunicación terapéutica de nivel bajo, el 27% (33) nivel medio y 2.5% (3) nivel alto, en la dimensión respeto el 54.9% (67) percibió una comunicación terapéutica un nivel bajo, el 42.6% (52) un nivel medio y el 2.5% (3) nivel alto, en la dimensión escucha receptiva el 54.9% (67) percibió una comunicación terapéutica de nivel bajo y el 45.1% (55) nivel medio, en la dimensión emociones del paciente el 57.4% (70) percibió una comunicación terapéutica de nivel bajo, el 34.4% (42) nivel medio y el 8.2% (10) nivel alto, en la dimensión acompañamiento en su reflexión el 68% (83) percibió una comunicación terapéutica de nivel bajo, el 68% (83) nivel bajo, el 25.4% (31) nivel medio y 6.6% (8) nivel alto. Conclusiones: La percepción de comunicación terapéutica de las personas hospitalizadas fue de nivel bajo a medio. Objective: Determine the level of therapeutic communication professional nursing from the perspective of people hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Service of the General Hospital Jaén, Peru.Material and method: Research quantitative, descriptive level; an observational, prospective and cross-sectional study, univariate statistical analysis. The sample was composed of 122 people hospitalized, It was used as an instrument of the "therapeutic communication Questionnaire" developed by Lourdes Guevara Chuquillanqui, which was validated by expert judgement as VC = 2.2 > VT = 1.6449 and a reliability of 0.92.Results: 100% (122) of persons hospitalized; 71.3% (87) perceived a therapeutic communication of low level and the 28.7% (35) medium level. According to the dimensions: In empathy 86 (70.5%) perceived a therapeutic communication of low level, the 27% (33) Medium level and 2.5% (3) high level, in the respect dimension 67 (54.9%) perceived a therapeutic communication a low level, the 42.6% (52) a medium level and 2.5% (3) high level, in the dimension receptive listening 67 (54.9%) perceived a therapeutic communication of low level and the 45.1% (55) medium level, in the emotions of the patient 70 (57.4%) perceived a therapeutic communication of low level, the 34.4% (42) Medium level and 8.2% (10) high level, in the dimension accompanying upon their reflection the 68%(83) earned a therapeutic communication of low level, the 68% (83) low level, 25.4% (31) Medium level and 6.6% (8) high level. Conclusions: In conclusion the perception of therapeutic communication of persons hospitalized was of low to medium level. Objetivo: Determinar o nível de comunicação terapêutica do profissional de enfermagem a partir da perspectiva das pessoas hospitalizadas no serviço médico do Hospital Geral Jaén, Peru.Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, nível descritivo; análise estatística observacional, prospectiva, transversal, univariada, amostra constituída por 122 pessoas hospitalizadas. Como instrumento foi utilizado o "questionário terapêutico de comunicação" elaborado por Lourdes Guevara Chuquillanqui, com validade por juízo de especialistas foi VC = 2,2 > VT = 1,6449 e uma confiabilidade de 0,92.Resultados: 100% (122) das pessoas hospitalizadas; 71,3% (87) perceberam um baixo nível de comunicação terapêutica e 28,7% (35) um nível médio. De acordo com as dimensões: em em empatia 70,5% (86) percebeu um baixo nível de comunicação terapêutica, 27% (33) nível médio e 2,5% (3) nível alto, na dimensão respeito 54,9% (67) percebeu um baixo nível de comunicação terapêutica, 42,6% (52) nível médio e 2,5% (3) nível alto, na dimensão escuta receptiva 54,9% (67) percebeu um baixo nível de comunicação terapêutica e 45.1% (55) nível médio, na dimensão emocional do paciente 57,4% (70) percebeu um baixo nível de comunicação terapêutica, 34,4% (42) nível médio e 8,2% (10) nível alto, na dimensão de acompanhamento em reflexão 68% (83) percebeu um baixo nível de comunicação terapêutica, 68% (83) nível baixo, 25,4% (31) nível médio e 6,6% (8) nível alto. Conclusões: A percepção da comunicação terapêutica das pessoas hospitalizadas foi de baixo para médio nível.Palavras-chave: Comunicação terapêutica; profissional de enfermagem; perspectiva; pessoa hospitalizada.
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Raposo, Pedro. "Anita McConnell. Jesse Ramsden (1735– 1800): London's Leading Scientific Instrument Maker. (Science, Technology, and Culture, 1700–1945). Foreword by, Lord Martin Rees. xxii + 318 pp., illus., figs., apps., bibl., index. Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate, 2007. $99.95 (cloth)." Isis 100, no. 3 (September 2009): 659–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/649169.
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Schaeffer, J. I., and G. G. Haddad. "Regulation of ventilation and oxygen consumption by delta- and mu-opioid receptor agonists." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 959–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.3.959.
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To study the effect of endorphins on metabolic rate and on the relationship between O2 consumption (VO2) and ventilation, we administered enkephalin analogues (relatively selective delta-receptor agonists) and a morphiceptin analogue (a highly selective mu-receptor agonist) intracisternally in nine unanesthetized chronically instrumented adult dogs. Both delta- and mu-agonists decreased VO2 by 40–60%. delta-Agonists induced a dose-dependent decrease in mean instantaneous minute ventilation (VT/TT) associated with periodic breathing. The decrease in VT/TT started and resolved prior to the decrease and returned to baseline of VO2, respectively. In contrast, the mu-agonists induced an increase in VT/TT associated with rapid shallow breathing. Arterial PCO2 increased and arterial PO2 decreased after both delta- and mu-agonists. Low doses of intracisternal naloxone (0.002–2.0 micrograms/kg) reversed the opioid effect on VT/TT but not on VO2; higher doses of naloxone (5–25 micrograms/kg) reversed both. Naloxone administered alone had no effect on VT/TT or VO2. These data suggest that 1) both delta- and mu-agonists induce alveolar hypoventilation despite a decrease in VO2, 2) this hypoventilation results from a decrease in VT/TT after delta-agonists but an increase in dead space ventilation after mu-agonists, and 3) endorphins do not modulate ventilation and metabolic rate tonically, but we speculate that they may do so in response to stressful stimulation.
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White, Robert L. "Requirements for Thermal Analysis by Variable-Temperature Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 10 (October 1992): 1508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370292789619340.
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The effect of temperature on diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy measurements is discussed. Instrumental parameters that determine the accuracy of variable-temperature diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (VT-DRIFTS) measurements are identified, and methods for removing baseline artifacts resulting from fluctuations in these parameters are given. Procedures for extracting structure-specific quantitative information from DRIFTS spectra acquired at different temperatures are outlined. The use of VT-DRIFTS to generate vibration-specific absorbance band intensity and center frequency temperature profiles for calcium oxalate monohydrate is described, and correlations between these profiles and the known thermal behavior of calcium oxalate monohydrate are given.
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Logan, Jean, David Alexoff, and Joanna S. Fowler. "The Use of Alternative Forms of Graphical Analysis to Balance Bias and Precision in PET Images." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 31, no. 2 (September 1, 2010): 535–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2010.123.
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Graphical analysis (GA) is an efficient method for estimating total tissue distribution volume ( VT) from positron emission tomography (PET) uptake data. The original GA produces a negative bias in VT in the presence of noise. Estimates of VT using other GA forms have less bias but less precision. Here, we show how the bias terms are related between the GA methods and how using an instrumental variable (IV) can also reduce bias. Results are based on simulations of a two-compartment model with VT's ranging from 10.5 to 64 mL/cm3 and from PET image data with the tracer [11C]DASB ([11C]-3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl) benzonitrile). Four estimates of VT (or distribution volume ratio (DVR) using a reference tissue) can be easily computed from different formulations of GA including the IV. As noise affects the estimates from all four differently, they generally do not provide the same estimates. By taking the median value of the four estimates, we can decrease the bias and reduce the effect of large values contributing to noisy images. The variance of the four estimates can serve as a guide to the reliability of the median estimate. This may provide a general method for the generation of parametric images with little bias and good precision.
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Loginova, A. I., E. S. Kropacheva, E. V. Titaeva, E. B. Maykov, T. V. Balakhonova, and S. P. Golitsyn. "Venous thrombosis in patients after intracardial catheter interventions: incidence, risk factors, special aspects of the diagnosis." Almanac of Clinical Medicine 47, no. 4 (September 16, 2019): 326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2019-47-044.
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Rationale: Thrombosis of the puncture site in the femoral veins is one of the potentially dangerous complications of intracardial catheter interventions associated with thromboembolic risk related to its proximal location. According to the literature, the incidence of symptomatic venous thrombosis (VT) is 1–3%. No special studies on the assessment of risk factors for this complication, its diagnosis and treatment have been conducted.Aim: To study the incidence, risk factors and special aspects of VT diagnosis in patients undergoing intracardial electrophysiological studies (EFI) and/or catheter ablation.Materials and methods: This prospective study included 408 patients (194 men and 214 women, with median age of 51±10.1 years), who were admitted to the hospital with various cardiac rhythm disorders for intracardial EFIs and/or catheter ablations from 2016 to 2018. Before the interventions, in addition to common laboratory and instrumental work-up, all the patients underwent ultrasound duplex scanning (USDS) of the iliac-femoral segment; in 269 patients the level of D-dimer was measured. Latest at 24 hours after the intervention, all patients underwent a control ultrasound scan of the femoral vein puncture site. In case of VT occurrence anticoagulant therapy was started in all patients and they were followed up till complete VT resolution and at least for 3 months (the study endpoint). The VT incidence and its risk factors including the prognostic value of D-dimer levels were evaluated.Results: The VT incidence after catheter interventions was 11.7% (n=48). There was a significant correlation between VT occurrence and such risk factors as diabetes mellitus (p=0.001) and obesity (p<0.001). No association between elevated baseline D-dimer values (>500 ng/mL) and subsequent VT development was found (p>0.05). The quartile analysis revealed an association between baseline D-dimer levels exceeding 434 ng/mL (which corresponds to the range of 75 to 100%) and the presence of the following risk factors: age over 65 years (p<0.001), female gender (p=0.001), arterial hypertension (p=0.003), chronic coronary heart disease (p=0.044).Conclusion: In this study, all VTs (11.7%) detected after catheter transvenous interventions by USDS were asymptomatic. VTs were most frequent in patients with diabetes mellitus and obesity. D-dimer had no predictive value in the development of VT; however, its increased baseline values were more common in women, patients over 65 years, and in patients with arterial hypertension and chronic coronary heart disease.
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Napolitano, Mariasanta, Luca Valore, Giorgia Saccullo, Alessandra Malato, Calogero Vetro, Maria Enza Mitra, Alessandro Lucchesi, et al. "Incidence and Management Of Venous Thrombosis In Acute Leukemia: A Multicenter Study." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 3890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3890.3890.
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Abstract Background Venous thrombosis (VT) frequently complicates the clinical course of cancer. Reported incidence of VT in many hematological neoplasms is up to 10%, a value comparable to that of solid tumors. Available data on the incidence and management of VT in Acute Leukemia (AL) are scanty and quite discordant. We have performed a multicenter retrospective study with the primary objective to evaluate the incidence of venous thrombotic complications in a population of patients with AL. Secondary objective was to evaluate the management of these complications in patients with AL. Materials and Methods Available clinical records of out and in-patients diagnosed with AL from January 2008 to June 2013 in 4 Regional Reference Hospitals were analyzed. Cases of venous thrombosis (VT), including thrombosis in atypical sites [Retinal occlusion (RO) and Cerebral Sinus Thrombosis (CST)], were reported in the current study. All data were recorded in a dedicated database. Available laboratory tests at diagnosis of VT included complete blood cells count (CBC), basal coagulation tests (PT, aPTT, fibrinogen), Antithrombin, anticoagulant Protein S and C and D-dimer. Instrumental Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE) and RO and CST was performed according to ACCP guidelines. In the statistical analysis, logistic regression model was applied. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine relationships between categorical variables. All P-values represented were two-sided, and statistical significance was declared when P< 0.05. Results Over a population of 831 patients with AL, 37 cases of VT were recorded, mainly (34/37 cases) in hospitalized patients: 24 cases were associated with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and 13 with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). In the cohort of patients with VT, 23 were males (14 with AML, 9 with ALL) and 14 females (4 with AML, 10 with ALL), with a mean age of 46 ± 13,1 years; mean age of patients with AML and VT was 49 ± 12,8 years; mean age of patients with ALL and VT was 40,2 ± 12,2 years. Twelve patients presented at least a concomitant chronic disease; no one was receiving anticoagulant prophylactic treatment with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) during hospitalization. There were 23 cases of DVT of upper arms, 9 cases of proximal DVT of limbs (one complicated with PE), 2 cases of RO, 1 of CST and 1 case of intracardiac clot. In 28/37 (75,6%) cases of recorded VT, a central venous catheter (CVC) was placed (Figure 1); moreover, 21/23 events of DVT of upper arms were significantly associated with a CVC insertion (p< 0.01). In the other 2 cases, one patient had a bulky mediastinal disease and 1 was diagnosed with promyelocytic AML. VT occurred during chemotherapy (CHT) in 32/37 (86.4%) cases, the remaining 5 cases were diagnosed in concomitance with leukemia: in 20 cases, VT occurred at induction, in 7 at consolidation and in 5 during salvage CHT. In both subgroups with VT, there was no statistical significant difference between time at diagnosis of VT and time at diagnosis of AL. At CBC, thrombocytopenia was the most frequently observed laboratory abnormality. Basal coagulation tests and anticoagulant levels were normal in all cases. Inherited prothrombotic mutations were available only for 9/37 cases, 1 case was heterozygous for Factor V Leiden and 1 for Factor II (G20210A) mutation. Most VT episodes (32/37) were treated with LMWH at therapeutic doses for the first month after diagnosis, a dose reduction was recorded in the following months, mainly related to severe thrombocytopenia after CHT ; 1 case was treated with unfractioned heparin; four cases did not receive any treatment due to severe thrombocytopenia. No cases of VT–related deaths nor fatal complications during treatment for VT were recorded. Treatments with LMWH lasted from 3 to 6 months. All patients clinically recovered from VT, only 2 late recurrences (PEs) were observed. Conclusions The incidence (4.5%) of VT in the analyzed cohort of patients with AL is almost similar to only one previous report, even if the involved sites distribution appears quite different. In particular, RO has never been reported. Atypical sites VT must be suspected to be correctly diagnosed and treated. Anticoagulant treatment schedules and duration in patients with AL is influenced by many factors, mainly related to CHT and severe thrombocytopenia. The optimal management of VT in patients with AL requires further, prospective studies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Lujan, Heidi L., Victoria J. Kramer, and Stephen E. DiCarlo. "Sex influences the susceptibility to reperfusion-induced sustained ventricular tachycardia and β-adrenergic receptor blockade in conscious rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 293, no. 5 (November 2007): H2799—H2808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00596.2007.
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Reperfusion after a brief period of cardiac ischemia can lead to potentially lethal arrhythmias. Importantly, there are sex-related differences in cardiac physiology and in the types and severity of cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that gonadal hormones influence the susceptibility to reperfusion-induced sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), as well as the response to β-adrenergic receptor blockade. Male and female intact and gonadectomized rats were instrumented, and arterial pressure, temperature, ECG, and cardiac output were recorded. In addition, a snare was placed around the left main coronary artery. Tension was applied to the snare for determination of susceptibility to sustained VT produced by 3 min of occlusion and reperfusion of the left main coronary artery in conscious rats. Reperfusion culminated in sustained VT in 77% (10 of 13 susceptible) of female rats and 56% (9 of 16 susceptible) of male rats ( P > 0.05, male vs. female). β-Adrenergic receptor blockade prevented sustained VT in females only [1 of 9 susceptible females (11%) vs. 6 of 9 susceptible males (67%), P < 0.05]. Ovariectomy did not significantly reduce the susceptibility to reperfusion arrhythmias [5 of 9 susceptible (56%)]. In sharp contrast, orchidectomy significantly increased the susceptibility to reperfusion arrhythmias [9 of 9 susceptible (100%)]. Finally, β-adrenergic receptor blockade prevented sustained VT in ovariectomized females [0 of 4 susceptible (0%)] and orchidectomized males [0 of 7 susceptible (0%)], but the protective effect of β-blockade was due to a reduction in heart rate in males only. Thus gonadal hormones influence the susceptibility to reperfusion-induced arrhythmias, as well as the effects and mechanisms of β-adrenergic receptor blockade.
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Sadoul, N., A. R. Bazzy, S. R. Akabas, and G. G. Haddad. "Ventilatory response to fatiguing and nonfatiguing resistive loads in awake sheep." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 969–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.3.969.
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To study the changes in ventilation induced by inspiratory flow-resistive (IFR) loads, we applied moderate and severe IFR loads in chronically instrumented and awake sheep. We measured inspired minute ventilation (VI), ventilatory pattern [inspiratory time (TI), expiratory time (TE), respiratory cycle time (TT), tidal volume (VT), mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI), and respiratory duty cycle (TI/TT)], transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi), functional residual capacity (FRC), blood gas tensions, and recorded diaphragmatic electromyogram. With both moderate and severe loads, Pdi, TI, and TI/TT increased, TE, TT, VT, VT/TI, and VI decreased, and hypercapnia ensued. FRC did not change significantly with moderate loads but decreased by 30–40% with severe loads. With severe loads, arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) stabilized at approximately 60 Torr within 10–15 min and rose further to levels exceeding 80 Torr when Pdi dropped. This was associated with a lengthening in TE and a decrease in breathing frequency, VI, and TI/TT. We conclude that 1) timing and volume responses to IFR loads are not sufficient to prevent alveolar hypoventilation, 2) with severe loads the considerable increase in Pdi, TI/TT, and PaCO2 may reduce respiratory muscle endurance, and 3) the changes in ventilation associated with neuromuscular fatigue occur after the drop in Pdi. We believe that these ventilatory changes are dictated by the mechanical capability of the respiratory muscles or induced by a decrease in central neural output to these muscles or both.
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Haouzi, Philippe, and Harold J. Bell. "Control of breathing and volitional respiratory rhythm in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 106, no. 3 (March 2009): 904–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90675.2008.
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When breathing frequency (f) is imperceptibly increased during a volitionally paced respiratory rhythm imposed by an auditory signal, tidal volume (Vt) decreases such that minute ventilation (V̇e) rises according to f-induced dead-space ventilation changes ( 18 ). As a result, significant change in alveolar ventilation and Pco2 are prevented as f varies. The present study was performed to determine what regulatory properties are retained by the respiratory control system, wherein the spontaneous automatic rhythmic activity is replaced by a volitionally paced rhythm. Six volunteers were asked to trigger each breath cycle on hearing a brief auditory signal. The time interval between subsequent auditory signals was imperceptibly changed for 10–15 min, during 1) air breathing ( condition 1), 2) the addition of a 300 ml of instrumental dead space ( condition 2), 3) an increase in the inspired level of CO2 ( condition 3), and 4) light exercise ( condition 4). We found that as f was slowly increased the elaborated Vt decreased in accordance to the background level of CO2 and metabolic rate. Indeed, for any given breath duration, Vt was shifted upward in condition 2 vs. 1, whereas the slope of Vt changes according to the volitionally rhythm was much steeper in conditions 3 and 4 vs. 1. The resulting changes in V̇e offset any f-induced changes in dead-space ventilation in all conditions. We conclude that there is an inherent, fundamental mechanism that elaborates Vt based on f when imposed by the premotor cortex in humans. The chemoreflex and exercise drive to breath interacts with this cortically mediated rhythm maintaining alveolar rather than V̇e constant as f changes. The implications of our findings are discussed in the context of our current understanding of the central generation of breathing rhythm.
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Karrasch, S., G. Eder, I. Bolle, A. Tsuda, and H. Schulz. "Breath-by-breath measurement of particle deposition in the lung of spontaneously breathing rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 4 (October 2009): 1293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00096.2009.
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A number of deposition models for humans, as well as experimental animals, have been described. However, no breath-by-breath deposition measurement in rats has been reported to date. The objective of this study is to determine lung deposition of micrometer-sized particles as a function of breathing parameters in the adult rat lung. A new aerosol photometry system was designed to measure deposition of nonhygroscopic, 2-μm sebacate particles in anesthetized, intubated, and spontaneously breathing 90-day-old Wistar-Kyoto rats placed in a size-adjusted body plethysmograph box. Instrumental dead space of the system was minimized down to 310 μl (i.e., ∼20% of respiratory dead space). The system allows continuous monitoring of particle concentration in the respired volume. Breathing parameters, such as respiratory rate (f), tidal volume (Vt), as well as inspiration/expiration times, were also monitored at different levels of anesthesia. The results showed that Vt typically varied between 1.5 and 4.0 ml for regular breathing and between 4.0 and 10.0 ml for single-sigh breaths; f ranged from 40 to 200 breaths/min. Corresponding deposition values varied between 5 and 50%, depending on breath-by-breath breathing patterns. The best fit of deposition (D) was achieved by a bilinear function of Vt and f and found to be D = 11.0 − 0.09·f + 3.75·Vt. We conclude that our approach provides more realistic conditions for the measurement of deposition than conventional models using ventilated animals and allows us to analyze the correlation between breath-specific deposition and spontaneous breathing patterns.
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Mauser, P. J., N. H. Edelman, and R. W. Chapman. "Central nervous system control of airway tone in guinea pigs: the role of histamine." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 5 (November 1, 1988): 2024–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.5.2024.
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The central nervous system (CNS) plays an important role in the reflex control of bronchomotor tone, but the relevant neurotransmitters and neuromodulators have not been identified. In this study we have investigated the effect of histamine. Anesthetized male guinea pigs were prepared with a chronically implanted intracerebroventricular (icv) cannula and instrumented for the measurement of pulmonary resistance (RL), dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), tidal volume (VT), respiratory rate (f), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR). Administration of histamine (2-30 micrograms) icv caused a significant (P less than 0.05) reduction of Cdyn with no change in RL, VT, and f. At a dose of 100 micrograms icv, histamine caused an increase in RL (202 +/- 78%), a reduction of Cdyn (77 +/- 9%), an increase in f (181 +/- 64%), and a reduction of VT (53 +/- 18%). There were no changes in BP and HR after 100 micrograms of icv histamine. In contrast, intravenous administration of histamine (0.1-2 micrograms/kg) caused a dose-dependent decrease in Cdyn and increase in RL that was associated with tachypnea at each bronchoconstrictor dose. Intravenous histamine (2 micrograms/kg) produced a fall in BP and an increase in HR. The bronchoconstrictor responses to icv histamine were completely blocked by vagotomy and significantly reduced by atropine (0.1 mg/kg iv), whereas vagotomy and atropine did not block the bronchospasm due to intravenous histamine. Additional studies indicated that the pulmonary responses due to icv histamine (100 micrograms) were blocked by pretreatment with the H1-antagonist chlorpheniramine (1 and 10 micrograms, icv). These data indicate that histamine may serve a CNS neurotransmitter function in reflex bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs.
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Weese-Mayer, D. E., R. T. Brouillette, L. M. Klemka, and C. E. Hunt. "Effects of almitrine on genioglossal and diaphragmatic electromyograms." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): 2122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.6.2122.
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We previously demonstrated dose-dependent increases in both hypoglossal and phrenic electroneurograms after almitrine in anesthetized, paralyzed, and vagotomized cats. We have now investigated the effect of this peripheral chemoreceptor stimulant on diaphragmatic and genioglossal (GG, an upper airway-maintaining muscle) electromyograms in five unanesthetized, chronically instrumented, spontaneously breathing adult cats during slow-wave sleep. In 12 studies almitrine doses of 1.0–6.0 mg/kg increased inspired minute ventilation (VI), frequency (f), and tidal volume (VT) and decreased expiratory time (TE). However, almitrine doses as high as 6.0 mg/kg failed to augment phasic inspiratory GG activity. To determine why almitrine induced phasic inspiratory upper airway activity in anesthetized, vagotomized cats but not in sleeping cats, additional studies were performed. In four dose-response studies in three pentobarbital-anesthetized cats, almitrine, 1.0–6.0 mg/kg, did not produce phasic inspiratory GG activity. Almitrine did induce phasic inspiratory GG activity in two of three studies in three vagotomized, tracheostomized, alpha-chloralose-urethan-anesthetized cats. These results suggest that almitrine would not be useful in obstructive sleep apnea, yet because almitrine markedly increased VI, f, and VT and decreased TE in unanesthetized sleeping cats the drug may be effective in patients who lack normal central neural respiratory drive, such as the preterm infant.
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Zhao, Xiao-Yan, Subramanian Yegneswaran, Maxine Bauzon, Derek Sim, Chandra Patel, Doug Schneider, Kirk McLean, et al. "Targeted Inhibition of Activated Protein C Anticoagulant Activity By Monoclonal Antibody HAPC1573 for Treatment of Hemophilia." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.80.80.
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Abstract In patients with hemophilia, hereditary defects in coagulation factors result in unstable clots and recurrent bleeding. Although the current standard of care focuses on replacement factor therapy, we propose that inhibition of the anticoagulant pathways may offer novel therapeutic opportunities. Activated protein C (APC) is one of the major anticoagulants, which works by degrading factors Va and VIIIa to maintain hemostatic balance. APC also exhibits cytoprotective effects, which include antiapoptotic effects, endothelial barrier protection, and anti-inflammatory effects. Antibodies are ideally suited to inhibit the anticoagulant activity of APC while preserving its cytoprotective activity. We have developed an anti-APC monoclonal antibody (mAb), HAPC1573 (murine immunoglubulin G1/kappa), using hybridoma technology, that specifically binds to human APC (hAPC) at 3 to 7 nM binding affinity (Kd) but not to its zymogen, protein C (PC) as determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) using a Biacore T200 instrument (GE Healthcare, Pittsburgh, PA). To investigate the binding epitope of mAb HAPC1573, APC was inhibited with Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethylketone (PPACK). PPACK is an irreversible inhibitor of APC and forms a covalent bond with the catalytic triad Ser195 (chymotrypsin numbering). HAPC1573 bound comparably to PPACK-hAPC and untreated hAPC coated on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plate, suggesting that the binding epitope of HAPC1573 is located outside the active site of APC. These ELISA results were also confirmed by SPR analyses. HAPC1573 inhibited the cleavage of a small peptide substrate Spectrozyme PCa (Sekisui Diagnostics, Lexington, MA) by hAPC up to 40%. The antibody protected factors Va and VIIIa from APC-mediated inactivation in a dose-dependent manner. HAPC1573 significantly reduced activated partial thromboplastin time of hemophilic plasma and enhanced thrombin generation (assessed by thrombin generation assay) in the presence of thrombomodulin. HAPC1573 inhibited the anticoagulant activity of APC without affecting its cytoprotective functions, as measured by histone-mediated cytotoxicity assays on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (up to 300 nM HAPC1573). Given its cross-reactivity with monkey APC, the antibody was evaluated in Cynomolgus monkeys for therapeutic efficacy and safety. Intravenous administration of the antibody at 3 and 10 mg/kg significantly shortened bleeding time after injury and restored hemostasis in a dose-dependent manner in an anti-FVIII antibody-induced hemophilia monkey model (Figure). Administration of a sheep-anti-FVIII antibody (Haematologic Technologies, Inc., Essex Junction, VT) reduced plasma FVIIIa activity to below the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ; Figure [left panel]) and led to a significantly longer bleeding time in normal monkeys (Figure; right panel), recapitulating the hemophilia A phenotype. This prolonged bleeding time was partially reduced by 270 µg/kg of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa; NovoSeven, Novo Nordisk, Plainsboro, NJ) used as a positive control for these studies. There was a statistically significant dose-dependent reduction in bleeding time by HAPC1573 with the 10-mg/kg dose restoring the bleeding time back to normal. This study provides in vivo proof of concept of using anti-APC antibody for hemophilia. HAPC1573 represents an anti-APC antibody with therapeutic utility for patients with hemophilia with inhibitors. Figure The efficacy of HAPC1573 evaluated in an anti-FVIII antibody-induced hemophilia monkey model. Figure. The efficacy of HAPC1573 evaluated in an anti-FVIII antibody-induced hemophilia monkey model. Disclosures Zhao: Bayer Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Yegneswaran:Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Sim:Bayer: Employment. Patel:Bayer Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Schneider:Bayer HealthCare LLC: Employment, Patents & Royalties. McLean:Bayer: Employment, Equity Ownership. Zhu:Bayer Healthcare: Employment. Jiang:Bayer Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Gu:Bayer Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Ivens:Bayer Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Xu:Shanghai RAAS Blood Products Co.Lt: Employment, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties: Patent. Bringmann:Bayer Corporation, Parmaceuticals Division: Employment. Kauser:Bayer: Employment.
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Bespalova, I. D., YU A. Medyantsev, V. V. Kalyuzhin, B. YU Murashev, and I. A. Osikhov. "Quality of life in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome." "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension") 18, no. 4 (August 28, 2012): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18705/1607-419x-2012-18-4-304-309.
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Objective. To assess the quality of life (QOL) in hypertensive patients and to study the interrelation between the QOL indicators and the metabolic syndrome (MS) components. Design and methods. We examined 46 patients with stage II hypertension and 18 healthy subjects. Standard full clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination as well as QOL by MOS SF-36® questionnaire were performed in all subjects. Results and conclusions. Hypertensive patients and healthy subjects differed by the scale of general health (GH), physical functioning (PF), pain intensity (BP) and vitality (VT). We detected reverse correlation between the QOL indicators and all the components of MS, such as abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, dislipoproteinemia, degree of arterial hypertension, as well as with fibrinogen level.
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Nikolic, S. D., E. L. Yellin, M. Dahm, O. Pajaro, and R. W. Frater. "Relationship between diastolic shape (eccentricity) and passive elastic properties in canine left ventricle." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 259, no. 2 (August 1, 1990): H457—H463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.259.2.h457.
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This study was designed to investigate the relationship between left ventricular (LV) eccentricity, volume, and passive elastic properties. Eight open-chest fentanyl-anesthetized dogs were instrumented with an LV micromanometer, a remote-controlled mitral valve occluder, and two pairs of ultrasonic crystals to measure anterior-posterior and base-apex dimensions. We identified the presence of elastic recoil forces with negative LV diastolic pressure in nonfilling diastoles (end-systolic volume clamp). Using linear regression analysis we related midwall eccentricity to volume in nonfilling diastoles at the time of LVPmin and at end diastole, and in normal beats at end systole at LVPmin and at end-diastole. Intersection of the end-systolic and end-diastolic lines (transitional volume, Vt = 38.0 + 6.4 ml) divides cycles with and without the presence of elastic recoil forces. Vt is analogous to the equilibrium volume (V0), determined as the volume intercept of the logarithmic passive pressure-volume (P-V) relationship using LV volume estimated from LV weights (V0 nl = 37.6 + 4.4 ml), or the volume intercept of the linearized P-V relationship calculated from a prolate spheroidal model using measured minor and major diameters (V0 l = 44.5 + 3.5 ml). Linear regression analysis was also used to relate the square of peak mitral flow (MF2) with the corresponding atrioventricular pressure gradient (delta P); the slope represents a dissipative constant for the cycles without, P = 0.00058(MF)2 + 0.35 (n = 48, r = 0.73), and with elastic recoil P = 0.00035(MF)2 + 0.21 (n = 24, r = 0.81).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Andreev, Dmitry A., Aleksander A. Zavyalov, and Asan Yu Kashurnikov. "Basic versions of the EQ-5D questionnaire as standard international instruments for assessing the quality of life in metropolis. Short Review." City Healthcare 2, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2021.v2i1;62-69.
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Background. The quality of care is assessed by set of indicators, including quality of life indicators. Dozens of countries have approved the EQ-5D quality of life questionnaires and have developed national / regional
evaluation systems. We carefully hypothesize that the broader usage of EQ-5D in real clinical practice of local Moscow health system could be incentivized and improved through the development of direct region-specific standard EQ-5D «values sets» for population of Russian capital. Purpose. Reviewing the results of the studies on values sets for EQ-5D as well as summarizing the parallel valuations of EQ-5D-3L and -5L by time trade-off based on two examples. Materials and methods. The study was carried out using open external databases. We analyzed
the research works which employed the standard valuation methods for EQ-5D, including time trade-off and math
modelling. Results. To obtain direct regional values for EQ-5D, standard international protocols (EQ-VT) are used with the inclusion of such tools as: time trade-off, visual analogue scale and experiments with discrete choice. In particular, the application of the time trade-off method allows the generation of direct region-specific values set for EQ-5D. Moreover, the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was superior to EQ-5D-3L in many aspects. Conclusion. The best results in health assessments could be obtained by applying a variety of methods adapted to the specific
highly urbanized region. The many issues behind the standardization of EQ-5D (particularly EQ-5D-5L) value
sets in accordance with the cultural/societal preferences of Moscow city population as well as entire Russian population remain unresolved.
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Mustafa, Nazia, Fahad Haleem, Najm Us Saqib Khan, Tahir Sardar, Muhammad Naveed Akhtar, and Javaria Mumtaz. "RELATIONSHIP OF VICARIOUS TRAUMATIZATION WITH FAMILY RELATIONS AND COPING STRATEGIES AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 70, no. 6 (December 20, 2020): 1925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v70i6.5511.
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Objective: To study the relationship of vicarious traumatization with family relations and coping strategiesamong Health care professionals along with to find out the frequency of vicarious traumatization.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Various hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, from Jan2018 to Jun 2018.
Methodology: A sample of 170 healthcare professionals (doctors=39, psychiatrists=27, psychologists=36, nurses=30 and others=38) (men=67, women=103) were taken from various hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Data was collected by using the secondary traumatic stress scale, the index of family relations and the brief COPE scale.
Results: Results revealed that all the instruments have good reliability and there was significant positivecorrelation (r=0.71) between various aspects of VT (intrusion, avoidance and arousal) and poor family relations.Further analysis reflected that Emotion focused coping was positively correlated (r=0.22) with poor familyrelations whereas problem focused coping was negatively correlated (r=-0.39) with poor family relations.
Conclusion: So it is concluded that vicarious traumatization must be addressed and identified in health settingand coping skills training must be part of healthcare professionals’ education programs.
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Schaeffer, J. I., and G. G. Haddad. "Ventilatory response to moderate and severe hypoxia in adult dogs: role of endorphins." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 3 (September 1, 1988): 1383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.3.1383.
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To determine the role of opioids in modulating the ventilatory response to moderate or severe hypoxia, we studied ventilation in six chronically instrumented awake adult dogs during hypoxia before and after naloxone administration. Parenteral naloxone (200 micrograms/kg) significantly increased instantaneous minute ventilation (VT/TT) during severe hypoxia, (inspired O2 fraction = 0.07, arterial PO2 = 28-35 Torr); however, consistent effects during moderate hypoxia (inspired O2 fraction = 0.12, arterial PO2 = 40-47 Torr) could not be demonstrated. Parenteral naloxone increased O2 consumption (VO2) in severe hypoxia as well. Despite significant increases in ventilation post-naloxone during severe hypoxia, arterial blood gas tensions remained the same. Control studies revealed that neither saline nor naloxone produced a respiratory effect during normoxia; also the preservative vehicle of naloxone induced no change in ventilation during severe hypoxia. These data suggest that, in adult dogs, endorphins are released and act to restrain ventilation during severe hypoxia; the relationship between endorphin release and moderate hypoxia is less consistent. The observed increase in ventilation post-naloxone during severe hypoxia is accompanied by an increase in metabolic rate, explaining the isocapnic response.
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Fewell, James E., and Bonnie J. Taylor. "Level of ventilation influences the cardiovascular response to hypoxemia in lambs." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 82, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 1113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y04-130.
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Newborn animals of a number of species display a brisk increase in ventilation followed by a gradual drop toward or below baseline within minutes of exposure to acute hypoxemia. Heart rate and cardiac output (a determinant of systemic oxygen transport along with the arterial oxygen content) appear to follow a similar pattern, but whether or not the cardiovascular response is influenced by the respiratory response is unknown. We therefore carried out experiments in which the level of ventilation was controlled during normoxemia and hypoxemia to test the hypothesis that the level of ventilation influences the cardiovascular response to acute hypoxemia. Six lambs ranging in age from 17 to 22 days were anesthetized, tracheostomized, and instrumented for measurement of cardiovascular variables. A recovery period of at least 3 days was allowed before the study when each lamb was artificially ventilated with a mixture of 70% nitrous oxide and 30% oxygen in nitrogen. A control respiratory frequency (f) of 30 breaths per min was set and a control tidal volume (VT) was chosen to achieve normocapnia. Cardiovascular measurements were made during normoxemia and hypoxemia (FIO2 0.10) 5 min after f or VT was changed to simulate a decrease, no change, or an increase in ventilation. During normoxemia, the level of ventilation had little effect on the measured cardiovascular variables. At control levels of ventilation, hypoxemia caused an increase in cardiac output that was due solely to an increase in stroke volume as heart rate decreased; blood pressure was unchanged. Increasing ventilation during hypo xemia did not augment cardiac output or alter blood pressure as compared with that observed at control levels of ventilation. Decreasing ventilation during hypoxemia, however, decreased cardiac output due to a profound bradycardia; blood pressure increased significantly. Our data provide evidence that the level of ventilation significantly influences the cardiovascular response to hypoxemia in young lambs.Key words: newborn, hypoxemia, cardiovascular, respiration, systemic oxygen transport.
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Di Lieto, Bellina, Pierdomenico Romano, Roger Bilham, and Roberto Scarpa. "Aseismic strain episodes at Campi Flegrei Caldera, Italy." Advances in Geosciences 52 (February 18, 2021): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-52-119-2021.
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Abstract. Since 2004 a research project has been developed to monitor subsurface deformation of Italian volcanoes using borehole strainmeters and long-baseline tiltmeters. Six Sacks-Evertson dilatometers were installed around Campi Flegrei caldera and Vesuvius during 2004–2005 (Scarpa et al., 2007), and in 2008 these instruments were supplemented by two arrays of 28–280 m long water-tube tiltmeters in underground tunnels. Relevant strainmeter and tiltmeter data have been collected and analysed from the instruments installed near Campi Flegrei caldera during the recent unrest episodes. In the period 2004–2005 strain, tilt and GPS data from Campi Flegrei indicate the onset of surface deformation that accompanied a low rate of vertical displacement that continued to 2006, corresponding to an increase of CO2 emission. This strain episode preceded caldera microseismic activity by a few months, as was observed also during a significant inflation episode in 1982. Other transient strain episodes occurred in October 2006, which were accompanied by a swarm of VT (Volcano-Tectonic) and LP (Long Period) events, in 2009, at the time of renewed gas emission activity at Solfatara, and again in March 2010, several minutes before a seismic swarm. The time scale of these transient strain events ranges from some hours to several days, putting tight constraints on the origin of ground uplifts at Campi Flegrei. Their location is compatible with a source inferred from long term deformation signals, located about 4 km beneath Pozzuoli. A proposed mechanism for these aseismic strain episodes is that they are associated with magma growth in reservoirs with occasional pressure relief associated with the leakage of gas.
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Hansen, Tonya Moen, Ylva Helland, Liv Ariane Augestad, Kim Rand, Knut Stavem, and Andrew Garratt. "Elicitation of Norwegian EQ-5D-5L values for hypothetical and experience-based health states based on the EuroQol Valuation Technology (EQ-VT) protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e034683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034683.
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IntroductionNorway is one of several European countries that lacks a national value set and scoring algorithm for the EuroQol five dimensions (EQ-5D). Recent studies have found differences between countries in terms of health values or preferences for health states described by instruments such as the EQ-5D. The project aims to model a national value set for the five level version of the EQ-5D based on values elicited from a representative sample of the Norwegian adult general population in terms of region, age, sex and level of education. Using a sampling strategy supporting the collection of values for both hypothetical and experienced health states, the study will have the additional aim of assessing the feasibility of collecting experience-based values in accordance with the latest EQ-5D valuation study protocol, and comparing values with those given for hypothetical health states.Methods and analysisMultistage random sampling and quota-sampling will contribute to representativeness. To increase the number of valuations of experienced health states, those with less than perfect health will be oversampled, increasing the total number of interviews from 1000 to 1300–1500. The most recent EQ-5D valuation protocol will be followed which includes computer assisted face-to-face, one-to-one interviews and use of composite time trade-off and discrete choice experiments.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been reviewed and found to be outside of the scope of the ethics committee and thus not in need of ethical approval. The study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and summaries for key stakeholders and partners in the field. The scoring algorithms will be available for widely used statistical software.
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Craske, James, and Janis Loschmann. "On Rationality." Political Studies Review 16, no. 4 (May 7, 2018): 306–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478929918771455.
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Rationality is an enduring topic of interest across the disciplines and has become even more so, given the current crises that are unfolding in our society. The four books reviewed here, which are written by academics working in economics, political science, political theory and philosophy, provide an interdisciplinary engagement with the idea of rationality and the way it has shaped the institutional frameworks and global political economy of our time. Rational choice theory has certainly proved to be a useful analytic tool in certain contexts, and instrumental reason has been a key tenet of human progress in several periods of history, including the industrial revolution and the modernity that emerged in the nineteenth century. Given the complexity of our current challenges, however, is it time to ask whether this paradigm might be better complemented by more holistic and heterodox approaches? Hindmoor A and Taylor TY (2015) Rational Choice (Political Analysis), 2nd edn. London; New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Massumi (2015) The Power at the End of the Economy. Durham: Duke University Press. Brown (2015) Undoing the Demos: Neoliberalism’s Stealth Revolution. New York: Zone Books. Ludovisi SG (ed.) (2015) Critical Theory and the Challenge of Praxis: Beyond Reification. Farnham; Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
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Berggren, J. L. "Arabic Mathematical Sciences: Instruments, Texts, Transmission, by Richard Lorch. (Variorum Collected Studies Series) 354 pages, illustrations, notes, index. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company, 1995. $95.00 (Cloth) isbn 0-86078-555-6." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 31, no. 1 (July 1997): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400035185.
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Canyon, Sarah J., and Geoffrey P. Dobson. "Protection against ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac death using adenosine and lidocaine during regional ischemia in the in vivo rat." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 287, no. 3 (September 2004): H1286—H1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00273.2004.
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Despite decades of research, there are few effective ways to treat ventricular fibrillation (VF), ventricular tachycardia (VT), or cardiac ischemia that show a significant survival benefit. Our aim was to investigate the combined therapeutic effect of two common antiarrhythmic compounds, adenosine and lidocaine (AL), on mortality, arrhythmia frequency and duration, and infarct size in the rat model of regional ischemia. Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 49) were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (60 mg·ml−1·kg−1 ip) and instrumented for regional coronary occlusion (30 min) and reperfusion (120 min). Heart rate, blood pressure, and a lead II electrocardiogram were recorded. Intravenous pretreatment began 5 min before ischemia and extended throughout ischemia, terminating at the start of reperfusion. After 120 min, hearts were removed for infarct size measurement. Mortality occurred in 58% of saline controls ( n = 12), 50% of adenosine only (305 μg·kg−1·min−1, n = 8), 0% in lidocaine only (608 μg·kg−1·min−1, n = 8), and 0% in AL at any dose (152, 305, or 407 μg·kg−1·min−1 adenosine plus 608 μg·kg−1·min−1 lidocaine, n = 7, 8, and 6). VT occurred in 100% of saline controls (18 ± 9 episodes), 50% of adenosine-only (11 ± 7 episodes), 83% of lidocaine-only (23 ± 11 episodes), 60% of low-dose AL (2 ± 1 episodes, P < 0.05), 57% of mid-dose AL (2 ± 1 episodes, P < 0.05), and 67% of high-dose AL rats (6 ± 3 episodes). VF occurred in 75% of saline controls (4 ± 3 episodes), 100% of adenosine-only-treated rats (3 ± 2 episodes), and 33% lidocaine-only-treated rats (2 ± 1 episodes) of the rats tested. There was no deaths and no VF in the low- and mid-dose AL-treated rats during ischemia, and only one high-dose AL-treated rat experienced VF (25.5 sec). Infarct size was lower in all AL-treated rats but only reached significance with the mid-dose treatment (saline controls 61 ± 5% vs. 38 ± 6%, P < 0.05). We conclude that a constant infusion of a solution containing AL virtually abolished severe arrhythmias and prevented cardiac death in an in vivo rat model of acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. AL combinational therapy may provide a primary prevention therapeutic window in ischemic and nonischemic regions of the heart.
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Napolitano, Mariasanta, Luca Valore, Giorgia Saccullo, Alessandra Malato, Calogero Vetro, Maria Enza Mitra, Alessandro Lucchesi, et al. "Management of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in Patients with Acute Leukemia: Results from a Multicenter Study." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 3688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3688.3688.
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Abstract Background In the last decades, evaluation of thrombotic complications secondary to acute leukemia (AL) has been poorly investigated. Only scant data are available on management and prevention of thrombosis in this setting. We performed a multicenter retrospective study with the aim to evaluate the management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with AL and to report the most commonly adopted regimens of treatment. Materials and methods Available clinical records of out and in-patients diagnosed with AL from January 2008 to June 2013 in 7 Reference Regional Hospitals were analyzed. Cases of VTE, including thrombosis in atypical sites [Retinal occlusion (RO) and Cerebral Sinus Thrombosis (SCT)], were reported. All data were recorded in a dedicated electronic database. The patient’s basic demographic data (age, gender, race), medical history, disease-related information, and laboratory data were extracted. Instrumental diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE) and RO and SCT was performed according to ACCP guidelines. Data were collected and analysed by the IBM SPSS Software 21.0 version (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, Ill, US) and the Epi Info software, version 3.2.2, (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Statistical analysis of quantitative and qualitative data, included descriptive statistics, was performed for all the items. Results Over a population of 1461 patients with AL, 99 (6.8%) cases of VTE were recorded, mainly in hospitalized patients: 72 cases were associated with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and 27 with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), with a mean age of 52.2 ± 15.4 years (median age: 53years). In particular the incidence/ratio over the sub-population of AML-patients was 6.0%, that is 72/1191 cases; with a mean age of 54.7 ± 14.3 years (median age: 57 years). VTE occurred during chemotherapy (CHT) in 90/99 (90%) cases, mainly during the induction phase of treatment (in 70% of cases ),the remaining 9 cases were diagnosed in concomitance with acute leukemia. In both subgroups with VT, there was no statistical significant difference between time at diagnosis of VT and time at diagnosis of AL. Treatment of VTE was mainly based on Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH), in accordance with results from previous studies and current guidelines (full dosage for the first month from diagnosis and reduced dosage at 75% for the following months). Thrombocytopenia occurred in 55 patients at diagnosis of AL, in 33 cases platelets were <50x109/L. Most VTE episodes (73/99, 73.7%) were treated with LMWH as above reported . In patients with moderate/severe thrombocytopenia, a dose adjusted to platelet count was adopted; most of the investigators used LMWH at prophylactic dosage. Two cases received fondaparinux, one patient was treated with unfractioned heparin; six cases did not receive any treatment due to severe thrombocytopenia. No cases of VT–related deaths nor fatal complications during treatment for VTE were reported. All treatments with LMWH lasted from 3 to 6 months. All patients clinically recovered from VTE, only 2 late recurrences (PEs) were observed. Conclusion VTE can complicate the clinical course of AL in a not negligible percentage of cases. Anticoagulant treatment schedules and duration in patients with AL are influenced by many factors, mainly related to chemotherapy and severe thrombocytopenia. In the analyzed subset of patients, full dose treatment with LMWH for at least one month followed by a dose reduction for at least three months was appropriate. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Milan, Gabriel Sperandio, Francieli Montanari Gasparin, and Deonir De Toni. "A configuração da imagem de um shopping center na percepção de consumidores locais." REAd. Revista Eletrônica de Administração (Porto Alegre) 19, no. 1 (April 2013): 83–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-23112013000100004.
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O presente estudo consistiu em identificar a imagem de um Shopping Center na ótica dos consumidores locais. As imagens estão organizadas como uma rede de significados ou esquemas associados e organizados em torno de elementos centrais, que são socialmente aceitos e compartilhados. A identificação das imagens mentais que os consumidores têm acerca do Shopping Center é relevante para direcionar estratégias e ações de marketing. A partir de uma pesquisa exploratória, foi utilizado o Método de Configuração da Imagem (MCI), um instrumento testado e validado na identificação das imagens de organizações, produtos, serviços e marcas, configurando-se, em uma amostra de 400 consumidores, a imagem coletiva relativa ao Shopping Center em estudo. Com base na Teoria do Núcleo Central, foram identificados os atributos e as dimensões (cognitiva, emocional, funcional e simbólica) relacionadas às imagens formadas pelos consumidores. Os resultados foram dispostos no Gráfico de Configuração da Imagem (GCI), que apresenta os atributos que compõem as imagens do Shopping Center, a proximidade destes atributos com a Imagem Central e a dimensão a que pertencem. Pelos resultados, a imagem do Shopping Center está mais ligada a elementos funcionais, ou seja, às características físicas que o mesmo oferece, e aos elementos simbólicos, ou seja, o significado que o Shopping Center transmite e representa para os consumidores. Portanto, as dimensões mais salientes foram a dimensão funcional (48,06%) e a dimensão simbólica (33,71%), representando mais de 80% do VT (Valor Total) dos atributos mais lembrados e prontamente evocados. A partir disso, é possível pensar que nestas duas dimensões estão os atributos mais representativos no entendimento comum dos entrevistados acerca do Shopping Center. As dimensões menos salientes foram a dimensão emocional (11,55%) e a dimensão cognitiva (6,68%), indicando que os seus respectivos atributos foram evocados de forma menos frequente pelos consumidores.
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Lutokhina, Yulia, Olga Blagova, Nadezhda Varionchik, Svetlana Alexandrova, Nina Gagarina, Eugenia Kogan, Vsevolod Sedov, Anna Shestak, Elena Zaklyazminskaya, and Alexander Nedostup. "Three Myocardial Diseases in One Heart: Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy, Left Ventricular Noncompaction and Myocarditis." Cardiogenetics 11, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cardiogenetics11010003.
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Purpose: To evaluate the clinical features, laboratory and instrumental tests results and the effectiveness of complex treatment in a patient with multiple etiologies of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with a high risk of sudden cardiac death. Methods: Female patient was 34 years old. Follow up period was seven years. Since the age of 23 (after a respiratory infection), chest pains and shortness of breath appeared. Coronary arteries were intact. After syncope in 2013, Holter-ECG was performed: 2048 premature ventricular beats (PVBs)/day and episode of sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT, 1 min) were registered. MRI was performed, and a cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was implanted. Results: ECG showed low QRS voltage and negative T waves in leads V2-V6, III, aVF. In signal-averaged ECG, late potentials were detected. Echocardiography (EchoCG) demonstrated left and right ventricular dilatation, diffuse reduction of left ventricular (LV) contractility and multiple pseudochordae in LV. MRI showed LV noncompaction (LVNC), thickening of the epicardial fat and hypo-/dyskinesia of the anterior wall of the right ventricular (RV), dilatation of both ventricles with decrease of their ejection fraction and subepicardial gadolinium enhancement in the early and late phase in the LV, intraventricular septum and the free walls of the RV. The presence of LVNC was confirmed by cardiac computed tomography (CT). Late contrast enhancement in the middle and subendocardial layer of the LV was observed as well. The level of anticardiac antibodies was high (1:160–1:320). The reasons for statement of a possible diagnosis of myocarditis in this case were the connection of the onset of symptoms with viral infection, high titers of anticardiac antibodies, and early and late subepicardial contrast enhancement by MRI and CT. The endomyocardial biopsy was obtained, and subendocardial lipomatosis, separation of myocardium by fibrous septa, lymphocytic infiltrates (more than 14 cells/mm2) and vasculitis were found. Viral genome in myocardium was not detected. A new splicing mutation in the desmoplakin (DSP) gene was found (NM_004415.4: c.1141-2A>G/N (rs794728111)). Combination of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), LVNC and myocarditis was diagnosed. Immunosuppressive therapy (prednisone and azathioprine) was prescribed, LV ejection fraction stabilized at the level of 40%. The appropriate shocks of the ICD due to sustainedVT (HR 210/min) with transformation into ventricular fibrillation were recorded twice. For this reason, sotalol was temporarily replaced with amiodarone. After the suppression of myocarditis activity, sustained VT and ICD interventions were not observed. Conclusions: In a young patient with arrhythmogenic syncope and DCM syndrome, a combination of ARVC (two major and three minor criteria, definite diagnosis) and LVNC with the biopsy proved virus-negative chronic myocarditis was diagnosed. DCM as a syndrome can have multiple causes, and the combination of myocarditis and primary cardiomyopathy is not rare. LVNC can be observed in patients with typical desmosomal protein mutations. The use of immunosuppressive therapy led to the stabilization of heart failure and decreased the risk of arrhythmic events.
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Bennett, Jim. "A. D. Morrison-Low . Making Scientific Instruments in the Industrial Revolution. Foreword by Ludmilla Jordanova. (Science, Technology, and Culture, 1700–1945.) xiii + 408 pp., figs., graphs, tables, app., bibl., index. Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2007. $99.95 (cloth)." Isis 99, no. 3 (September 2008): 625–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/593248.
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Zhang, K. Max, George Allen, Bo Yang, Geng Chen, Jiajun Gu, James Schwab, Dirk Felton, and Oliver Rattigan. "Joint measurements of PM<sub>2. 5</sub> and light-absorptive PM in woodsmoke-dominated ambient and plume environments." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 18 (September 26, 2017): 11441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11441-2017.
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Abstract. DC, also referred to as Delta-C, measures enhanced light absorption of particulate matter (PM) samples at the near-ultraviolet (UV) range relative to the near-infrared range, which has been proposed previously as a woodsmoke marker due to the presence of enhanced UV light-absorbing materials from wood combustion. In this paper, we further evaluated the applications and limitations of using DC as both a qualitative and semi-quantitative woodsmoke marker via joint continuous measurements of PM2. 5 (by nephelometer pDR-1500) and light-absorptive PM (by 2-wavelength and 7-wavelength Aethalometer®) in three northeastern US cities/towns including Rutland, VT; Saranac Lake, NY and Ithaca, NY. Residential wood combustion has shown to be the predominant source of wintertime primary PM2. 5 emissions in both Rutland and Saranac Lake, where we conducted ambient measurements. In Ithaca, we performed woodsmoke plume measurements. We compared the pDR-1500 against a FEM PM2. 5 sampler (BAM 1020), and identified a close agreement between the two instruments in a woodsmoke-dominated ambient environment. The analysis of seasonal and diurnal trends of DC, black carbon (BC, 880 nm) and PM2. 5 concentrations supports the use of DC as an adequate qualitative marker. The strong linear relationships between PM2. 5 and DC in both woodsmoke-dominated ambient and plume environments suggest that DC can reasonably serve as a semi-quantitative woodsmoke marker. We propose a DC-based indicator for woodsmoke emission, which has shown to exhibit a relatively strong linear relationship with heating demand. While we observed reproducible PM2. 5–DC relationships in similar woodsmoke-dominated ambient environments, those relationships differ significantly with different environments, and among individual woodsmoke sources. Our analysis also indicates the potential for PM2. 5–DC relationships to be utilized to distinguish different combustion and operating conditions of woodsmoke sources, and that DC–heating-demand relationships could be adopted to estimate woodsmoke emissions. However, future studies are needed to elucidate those relationships.
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Korde, Umesh A., Jiajun Song, Rush D. Robinett, and Ossama O. Abdelkhalik. "Hydrodynamic Considerations in Near-Optimal Control of a Small Wave Energy Converter for Ocean Measurement Applications." Marine Technology Society Journal 51, no. 6 (November 1, 2017): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.51.6.5.
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AbstractThis paper investigates the use of wave energy to power long-term ocean sensing systems. The device examined here consists of an oceanographic buoy and a shallow-submerged reaction frame that may carry a science instrument. Power conversion is from the relative heave oscillation between the two bodies. The oscillation is controlled on a wave-by-wave basis using near-optimal feedforward control, which requires up-wave surface elevation measurement and deterministic prediction at the device location. This paper presents the dynamic formulation used to evaluate the near-optimal, wave-by-wave control forces in the time domain. Also examined are reaction-frame geometries for their impact on overall power capture through favorable hydrodynamic interactions. Performance is evaluated in a range of wave conditions (from most to least favorable for conversion) sampled over a year at a chosen site of deployment. It is found that control may be able to provide the required amounts of power to sustain instrument operation at the chosen site but also that energy storage options may be worth pursuing.<def-list>Nomenclature<def-item><term>αr</term><def>Maximum displacement allowed by the swept volume constraint</def></def-item><def-item><term>βr (ω)</term><def>Velocity constraint</def></def-item><def-item><term>η(x; iω)</term><def>Frequency-domain expression for wave surface elevation</def></def-item><def-item><term>η(x, t)</term><def>Time-domain wave surface elevation at point x and time t</def></def-item><def-item><term>ω</term><def>Angular frequency of wave/oscillation</def></def-item><def-item><term>āt(ω), āb(ω)</term><def>Added mass variations for the top and bottom bodies, respectively, inclusive of infinite-frequency parts</def></def-item><def-item><term>A</term><def>Incident wave amplitude</def></def-item><def-item><term>Ac(ω), bc(ω)</term><def>Added mass and radiation damping coefficients representing the frequency-dependent radiation coupling between the top and bottom bodies</def></def-item><def-item><term>bt(ω), bb(ω)</term><def>Radiation damping variations for the top and bottom bodies, respectively</def></def-item><def-item><term>cdt, cdb</term><def>Linearized, constant viscous damping coefficients for the top and bottom bodies, respectively</def></def-item><def-item><term>D</term><def>Constant damping load applied on the relative heave oscillation</def></def-item><def-item><term>D</term><def>Distance between the up-wave measurement point and the device centroid; xB ‐ xA</def></def-item><def-item><term>Fa(t)</term><def>Reactive control force applied by the power takeoff</def></def-item><def-item><term>Fe(iω)</term><def>Effective heave force</def></def-item><def-item><term>Fl(t)</term><def>Resistive control force applied by the power takeoff</def></def-item><def-item><term>Ffb(iω)</term><def>Exciting force coefficient of reaction frame</def></def-item><def-item><term>Fft, Ffb</term><def>Exciting forces on the top and bottom bodies, respectively</def></def-item><def-item><term>Fft (iω)</term><def>Exciting force coefficient of standard buoy</def></def-item><def-item><term>Frelative (iω)</term><def>Relative exciting force coefficient</def></def-item><def-item><term>Ftotal (iω)</term><def>Total exciting force coefficient</def></def-item><def-item><term>g</term><def>Acceleration of gravity</def></def-item><def-item><term>hl (t; d)</term><def>Impulse response function defining the deterministic propagation model for distance D</def></def-item><def-item><term>hs1(2)</term><def>Significant wave height for swell (wind) seas</def></def-item><def-item><term>k(ω)</term><def>Wave number; related to angular frequency ω through the dispersion relation</def></def-item><def-item><term>kt, kb</term><def>Stiffness constants determining the restoring forces on the top and bottom bodies, respectively</def></def-item><def-item><term>mt, mb</term><def>In-air masses of the top and bottom bodies, respectively</def></def-item><def-item><term>Pω</term><def>Average power absorbed over time t</def></def-item><def-item><term>Ri</term><def>Relative radiation damping coefficient</def></def-item><def-item><term>Ri(ω), ci(ω)</term><def>Equivalent hydrodynamic damping and reactance components “acting on” the relative oscillation between the two bodies</def></def-item><def-item><term>s</term><def>Geometric scale factor, defined as ratio of full-scale length dimension and model-scale length dimension</def></def-item><def-item><term>te1(2)</term><def>Energy period for swell (wind) seas</def></def-item><def-item><term>vr, xr</term><def>Relative heave velocity and displacement between the top and bottom bodies</def></def-item><def-item><term>vt, vb</term><def>Heave oscillation velocities of the top and bottom bodies, respectively</def></def-item><def-item><term>vro (iω)</term><def>Hydrodynamically optimum velocity</def></def-item><def-item><term>Zb</term><def>Complex impedance of the bottom body</def></def-item><def-item><term>Zc</term><def>Complex impedance representing radiation coupling between the top and bottom bodies</def></def-item><def-item><term>ZL</term><def>Complex impedance representing resistive and reactive loads</def></def-item><def-item><term>Zt</term><def>Complex impedance of the top body</def></def-item></def-list>