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Chen, Jiawei, Zihao Pan, and Mark David Butala. "A Post-processing Computational Fluid Dynamics System for Turbomachinery." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2741, no. 1 (2024): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2741/1/012007.
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Abstract Computational fluid dynamics applied to the turbomachinery domain require specialized post-processing functionality. For computational fluid dynamics turbomachinery, we have developed a lightweight post-processing software. We have developed a system utilizing the Visualization Toolkit (VTK) for rendering and the Qt toolkit as the cross-platform graphical user interface platform. The system is lightweight, which implements the fundamental postprocessing functions such as iso-surface and cut plane visualization and determines the meridional plane and the constant blade/van height plane. We designed and evaluated two different methods to determine the meridional plane and the constant blade/van height plane and used VTK filters in VTK to obtain necessary scene information. Finally, we visualized these planes by using the VTK visualization pipeline.
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H V, Sreepathy, Nandish S, and Chaitanya CVS. "Remote Access of Medical Image Processing and 3D Visualization Application using Raspberry Pi." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.1 (2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.1.17080.
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With the extensive growth in technology, healthcare sector has benefitted a lot recently. Looking into the academic research and validation in the area of medical image processing and visualization, many platforms and the open-source resources are available. Insight toolkit (ITK) and visualization toolkit (VTK) are extensively used for medical image processing and 3D visualization respectively. Resources used to develop an application using ITK-VTK and same resources be used to deliver it to the users such as, clinicians, doctors etc. This can be achieved by using respective hardware and the infrastructure. In the proposed article, the infrastructure and resource used to build and deploy the application and remote access given to the users are elucidated.
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Wang, Qian Li, Jian Fu, Ren Bo Tan, and Li Yuan Chen. "The Design and Realization of Real-Time Three-Dimensional Visualization System for Industrial Computed Tomography Based on GPU." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 1706–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.1706.
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Industrial computed tomography (ICT) is an advanced non-contact non-destructive testing technique and plays a key role in many fields. Low imaging efficiency is one of the drawbacks of ICT towards engineering applications. In this paper, we report the design and realization of real-time three-dimensional Visualization System for ICT based on visualization toolkit (VTK) and the graphics processing unit (GPU) technique. It greatly improves the imaging speed by developing the new techniques in three aspects such as image reconstruction, data compression and fast volume rendering with GPU and VTK. It will find applications in three-dimensional ICT systems.
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Yan, Rong-guo, Changqing Xu, and Xu-dong Guo. "Reconstruction and Visualization of Human Gastrointestinal Tract." International Journal of Biomedical Science 8, no. 1 (2012): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2012.8022.
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Background: Converting the two-dimensional (2D) cross-sectional photographs into an intuitive three-dimensional (3D) model is a basic task for medical imaging data for auxiliary disease-linked diagnosis purpose. Methods: Reconstruction and visualization process of gastrointestinal cross-sectional photographs includes image preparation, image registration, image segmentation, 3D surface-rendering reconstruction, and implementation of 3D digital visualization. Results: Using the visualization toolkit (VTK), we implemented 3D digital reconstruction and visualization of gastrointestinal tract, whose visualized model can be zoomed, paned, and rotated, including the stomach, the small intestine, and the large intestine.
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Taka, Senate Johannes, and Subhadra Srinivasan. "NIRViz: 3D Visualization Software for Multimodality Optical Imaging Using Visualization Toolkit (VTK) and Insight Segmentation Toolkit (ITK)." Journal of Digital Imaging 24, no. 6 (2011): 1103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10278-011-9362-5.
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Moreland, Kenneth, Christopher Sewell, William Usher, et al. "VTK-m: Accelerating the Visualization Toolkit for Massively Threaded Architectures." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 36, no. 3 (2016): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2016.48.
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Zhou, Lin Na, Shi Jian Zhu, and Jing Jun Lou. "A Simple Method for Visualizing the Phase Space of Chaotic Dynamics System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 4463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.4463.
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The chaotic dynamics system is so complex that the traditional methods of nonlinear numerical approximation can’t intuitively reflect the characteristics of chaotic behaviors. We propose a simple method for visualizing the phase space of chaotic dynamics system. With the help of the visualization technology based on VTK(Visualization Toolkit), we can quickly render the phase space of the system with different phase values and this can help us explore the inner rule of chaotic dynamics system.
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Mangesh, Nayak. "Visualization of CAD and CAE Files using VTK and MFC." International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences (IJMTS) 3, no. 1 (2018): 18–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1163159.
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This software is capable of reading the file formats like - .OBJ, .WRL, .STL, .STEP, .IGES and 3D scenes can be rendered with an inclusion of the properties viz. applying various Lights<em>, </em>Material Color, and Options for Solid, Wire frame, Points and Transparency viewing, Texture Mapping, Transformation, Walkthrough, Cut Sections, Background color selection, Background and Base image selection, Markup features such as Sealing and Measurements, Different camera views, Parts selection and deletion, Copying the rendered object to the clipboard and enabling to view more than one models through multiple tabbed windows. Stereovision feature has been added to this software, which gives better 3D visual effect at lower cost. This software is also intended to incorporate ease of use and portability so that it can run on any low end workstation having windows operating system.
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Li, Yi Nuo, Jun Xiao, Zhen Ya Shen, and Ying Wang. "Discontinuous Deformation Analysis Visualization System Based on VTK." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.542.
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Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) is an emerging numerical simulation technology in rock engineering field, which could be used to analyze discontinuous blocks movement. DDA has been widely used in the areas ranging from rock slope stability analysis, underground chamber constructions to earth quake loading predictions. But so far, there is no pre and post processing program for DDA algorithm. In order to make DDA more effectively meet the needs of practical projects, and analyze the computing results more clearly, effectively and conveniently, in this paper, we use an open source VTK (Visualization Toolkit) system to visualize the results of DDA, design and implement a visualization system. We also developed friendly GUI (Graphic User Interface) based on QT. Finally, we demonstrate this tool with two project examples, which will prove that the visualization system is direct, convenient and easy to extension.
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Hanwell, Marcus D., Kenneth M. Martin, Aashish Chaudhary, and Lisa S. Avila. "The Visualization Toolkit (VTK): Rewriting the rendering code for modern graphics cards." SoftwareX 1-2 (September 2015): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2015.04.001.
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Lu, Xiao Qi, Cheng Li Wang, Yu Gu, and Dong Zheng Jia. "The Study and Implementation of Virtual Endoscopy Based on VTK 3D Surface Rendering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 343 (July 2013): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.343.135.
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Virtual Endoscopy is a new non-invasive inspection method, it gets the body's two-dimensional slice data by CT, MRI and collects volume data to generate three-dimensional model of the various organs of the body, then three-dimensional model generates visual display, glimpses the roaming function. This article imitates camera model by visualization toolkit, using flexible keyboard and mouse to control the virtual camera to roam in the trachea, having achieved the visualization of virtual endoscopy. Virtual endoscopy has broad application prospects in the realization of the virtual medical diagnostic virtual therapy and virtual teaching.
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Lai, Rui Xun, Run Liang Xia, and Min Wang. "Web-Based Visualization for Hydrodynamic Model of Flood Retarding Basin: A Case of Doingping Lake." Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (July 2011): 1451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.1451.
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Hydrodynamics based numerical model is an effective way to simulate the movement of flood and its result can be visualized by many post-processing softwares. However, most of these tools are available only as local applications. This both limits the accessibility of the software to a specific machine and collaborative research. In this paper, we introduce a four-layer architecture for web-based visualization of numerical model. The application uses VTK(Visualization Toolkit) to render the numerical result and then the VRML standard is used to provide dynamic features over the web. By developing web-based visualization tools, it is possible for users to access the situation of flood wherever the internet is available, and can largely promotes the public services such as flood risk management.
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Wu, Wei Jiang, Li Zhi Qin, Shu Ma, and Guo He Li. "Volume Rendering of 3D Borehole Data Based on GPU." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.585.
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Taking 3D borehole data for research object, an algorithm flow of volume rendering based GPU is given. According to the limited and discrete characteristics of 3D borehole data, Kriging interpolation algorithm is used to construct a regular grid data model. Ray-casting algorithm based on GPU is realized with the Visualization Toolkit (VTK). The results show that after the application of volume rendering technology, it is easy to practice the functions of arbitrary section displaying, volume clipping and volume data extracting which are practicalities.
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He, Ai Dong, and Bang Yan Ye. "A Method of Three-Dimensional Modeling Based on Voxel Code." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1312.
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This article proposes a method of three-dimensional modeling based on voxel code, which can build three-dimensional model by means of cubic voxels and Voxel code. Voxel code is the one that records the formation of physical location of the voxels piled up in turn order in the body. The different Three-dimensional shape can be constructed according to different codes. In order to reduce the storage overhead of the code, the linear octree coding and decoding are given in recording voxel code. Combined with VTK (Visualization Toolkit) programming, some voxel models have been visualization. The modeling idea and method proposed in this paper have a positive significance for the promotion of the research and development of related science fields and have their theoretical and practical value.
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Koňas, Petr. "3D visualization and finite element mesh formation from wood anatomy samples, Part II – Algorithm approach." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 1 (2009): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957010079.
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Paper presents new original application WOOD3D in form of program code assembling. The work extends the previous article “Part I – Theoretical approach” in detail description of implemented C++ classes of utilized projects Visualization Toolkit (VTK), Insight Toolkit (ITK) and MIMX. Code is written in CMake style and it is available as multiplatform application. Currently GNU Linux (32/64b) and MS Windows (32/64b) platforms were released. Article discusses various filter classes for image filtering. Mainly Otsu and Binary threshold filters are classified for anatomy wood samples thresholding. Registration of images series is emphasized for difference of colour spaces compensation is included. Resulted work flow of image analysis is new methodological approach for images processing through the composition, visualization, filtering, registration and finite element mesh formation. Application generates script in ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) which is fully compatible with ANSYS finite element solver and designer environment. The script includes the whole definition of unstructured finite element mesh formed by individual elements and nodes. Due to simple notation, the same script can be used for generation of geometrical entities in element positions. Such formed volumetric entities are prepared for further geometry approximation (e.g. by boolean or more advanced methods). Hexahedral and tetrahedral types of mesh elements are formed on user request with specified mesh options. Hexahedral meshes are formed both with uniform element size and with anisotropic character. Modified octree method for hexahedral mesh with anisotropic character was declared in application. Multicore CPUs in the application are supported for fast image analysis realization. Visualization of image series and consequent 3D image are realized in VTK format sufficiently known and public format, visualized in GPL application Paraview. Future work based on mesh improvement through mesh error statistic, image acquisition and thresholding improvement by more sophisticated filters together with code optimization for fast image analysis is discussed. Also fractal characteristics classification on microscopic scale level is taken into account for further work.
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Sullivan, C., and Alexander Kaszynski. "PyVista: 3D plotting and mesh analysis through a streamlined interface for the Visualization Toolkit (VTK)." Journal of Open Source Software 4, no. 37 (2019): 1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.21105/joss.01450.
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Hong, Lei, Baosheng Wang, XiaoLan Yang, Yuguo Wang, and Zhong Lin. "Offline programming method and implementation of industrial robot grinding based on VTK." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 47, no. 4 (2020): 547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-04-2019-0093.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a robotic off-line programming method for freeform surface grinding based on visualization toolkit (VTK). Nowadays, manual grinding and traditional robot on-line programming are difficult to ensure the surface grinding accuracy, thus off-line programming is gradually used in grinding, however, several problems are needed to be resolved which include: off-programming environment depends on the third-party CAD software, leads to insufficient self-development flexibility; single support for robot type or workpiece model format contributes to lack of versatility; grinding point data depends on external data calculation and import process, causes human-computer interaction deterioration. Design/methodology/approach In this method, the visualization pipeline and observer/command mode of VTK are used to display the 3D model of the robot grinding system and pick up the workpiece surfaces to be grinded respectively. Two groups of cutter planes with equidistant spacing are created to form the grinding nodes on the surface, and the extraction method for the position and posture of the nodes is proposed. Furthermore, the position and posture of discretized points along the grinding curve are obtained by B-spline curve interpolation and quaternion spherical linear interpolation respectively. Finally, the motion simulation is realized by robot inverse kinematics. Findings Through a watch case grinding experiment, the results show that the proposed method based on VTK can achieving high precision grinding effect, which is obviously better than traditional method. Originality/value The proposed method is universal which does not depend on the specific forms of surface, and all calculations in simulation are completed within the system, avoiding tedious external data calculation and import process. The grinding trajectory can be generated only by the mouse picking operation without relying on the other third-party CAD software.
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Petsch, Michael, Dieter Kohlgrüber, and Jörg Heubischl. "PANDORA - A python based framework for modelling and structural sizing of transport aircraft." MATEC Web of Conferences 233 (2018): 00013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823300013.
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Over the last years a multidisciplinary aircraft predesign process chain was established at the DLR, including different numerical tools for the modelling and structural sizing of fuselage structures. To improve the flexibility and performance of this structural analysis part in the MDO process a new tool development has been started in 2016 called “Parametric Numerical Design and Optimization Routines for Aircraft” (PANDORA). The PANDORA framework is using the interpreted high-level programming language Python and is focused on using dedicated open-source packages. Within PANDORA a lot of new packages have been implemented, like a new interface to access CPACS data, a python based FE pre- and postprocessor, a FE data converter to build an interface between PANDORA and different FE solver and a visualization interface using “The Visualization Toolkit” (VTK). Some further packages to generate a FE model based on a CPACS file using the geometry core “Open Cascade” (OCC) and a new FE sizing algorithm is also under development. To simplify the usage of PANDORA and to keep it comprehensible - a graphical user interface (GUI) has been added using the PYQT toolkit. In this paper the current state of the PANDORA development is presented and initial applications are shown.
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Neher, P. F., I. Reicht, T. van Bruggen, et al. "MITK Diffusion Imaging." Methods of Information in Medicine 51, no. 05 (2012): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me11-02-0031.
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SummaryBackground: Diffusion-MRI provides a unique window on brain anatomy and insights into aspects of tissue structure in living humans that could not be studied previously. There is a major effort in this rapidly evolving field of research to develop the algorithmic tools necessary to cope with the complexity of the datasets.Objectives: This work illustrates our strategy that encompasses the development of a modularized and open software tool for data processing, visualization and interactive exploration in diffusion imaging research and aims at reinforcing sustainable evaluation and progress in the field.Methods: In this paper, the usability and capabilities of a new application and toolkit component of the Medical Imaging and Interaction Toolkit (MITK, www.mitk.org), MITKDI, are demonstrated using in-vivo datasets.Results: MITK-DI provides a comprehensive software framework for high-performance data processing, analysis and interactive data exploration, which is designed in a modular, extensible fashion (using CTK) and in adherence to widely accepted coding standards (e.g. ITK, VTK). MITK-DI is available both as an open source software development toolkit and as a ready-to-use in stallable application.Conclusions: The open source release of the modular MITK-DI tools will increase verifiability and comparability within the research community and will also be an important step towards bringing many of the current techniques towards clinical application.
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Mota, Ana M., Matthew J. Clarkson, Pedro Almeida, and Nuno Matela. "Optimization of Breast Tomosynthesis Visualization through 3D Volume Rendering." Journal of Imaging 6, no. 7 (2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging6070064.
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3D volume rendering may represent a complementary option in the visualization of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) examinations by providing an understanding of the underlying data at once. Rendering parameters directly influence the quality of rendered images. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of two of these parameters (voxel dimension in z direction and sampling distance) on DBT rendered data. Both parameters were studied with a real phantom and one clinical DBT data set. The voxel size was changed from 0.085 × 0.085 × 1.0 mm3 to 0.085 × 0.085 × 0.085 mm3 using ten interpolation functions available in the Visualization Toolkit library (VTK) and several sampling distance values were evaluated. The results were investigated at 90º using volume rendering visualization with composite technique. For phantom quantitative analysis, degree of smoothness, contrast-to-noise ratio, and full width at half maximum of a Gaussian curve fitted to the profile of one disk were used. Additionally, the time required for each visualization was also recorded. Hamming interpolation function presented the best compromise in image quality. The sampling distance values that showed a better balance between time and image quality were 0.025 mm and 0.05 mm. With the appropriate rendering parameters, a significant improvement in rendered images was achieved.
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Govea-Valladares, Eder H., Hugo I. Medellin-Castillo, Jorge Ballesteros, and Miguel A. Rodriguez-Florido. "On the Development of Virtual Reality Scenarios for Computer-Assisted Biomedical Applications." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2018 (August 30, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1930357.
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The modelling of virtual environments and scenarios is an important area of research for the development of new computer-assisted systems in the areas of engineering and medicine, particularly in the area of biomechanics and biomedical engineering. One of the main issues while designing a virtual environment is the level of realism, which depends on the computing capacity and the level of accuracy and usefulness of the generated data. Thus, the dilemma is between the aesthetic realism and the information utility. This paper proposes a methodology to develop low-cost and high-quality virtual environments and scenarios for computer-aided biomedical applications. The proposed methodology is based on the open-source software Blender and the Visualization Toolkit libraries (VTK). In order to demonstrate the usability of the proposed methodology, the design and development of a computer-assisted biomedical application is presented and analysed.
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Bai, Kunpeng, Zhengping Li, Ying Li, Lijun Wang, and Yongmei Zhang. "P‐2.16: Research on three‐dimensional reconstruction based on VTK." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 54, S1 (2023): 537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.16350.
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Three‐dimensional reconstruction of medical tomographic images is a technological way to provides a 3D model of biological tissue. As it not only provides a 3D model, but also shows the spatial location of this model, it received widespread attention. By human‐computer interaction, doctors can easily conduct disease analysis and surgical planning.This paper introduces a novel three‐dimensional reconstruction technology of magnetic resonance images, which deals with the brightness, contrast adjustment, and three‐dimensional reconstruction of Dicom images. This paper uses the Visualization Toolkit VTK to implement Dicom 3D image reconstruction. VTK has a large number of callable functions built in and encapsulates some common visualization algorithms. When visualizing medical data, VTK can directly call the related functions. VTK three‐dimensional reconstruction can help people intuitively see the contents of a 3D image. Displaying two‐ dimensional images is easy, but displaying 3D images is not. Previously, because of the limited technical means, even if the data of the 3D image is obtained, it can only be displayed as a slice of the 2D image, which is not intuitive. With the development of computer science and technology, the use of computer graphics technology to model and render 3D objects in real‐time has become the mainstream method of object display, while the past two‐dimensional display method has been gradually phased out.To describe the process of 3D modeling more accurately and intuitively, this paper focuses on a reconstruction technique, polygon drawing. Polygon drawing uses segmentation technology to perform contour recognition, extraction, and other operations on a series of two‐dimensional images, and ultimately restores the three‐dimensional model of the detected object and displays it as a surface.First, the original data is a discrete three‐dimensional spatial rule data field. The images generated by CT and MRI of tomography scanners belong to this data type, that is, the DICOM type image used in this paper. Second, the boundary between the content part and the background part in the three‐dimensional image is found in the unit of volume, and triangles are extracted to fit the boundary. Then, all the voxels are traversed to find out which triangles are finally assembled to form a triangular mesh of the surface of the real point in the image. Finally, a triangle mesh model is built to render the model, and the rendered model is put into the window to interact with users.
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Luo, Jianbin, Shaofei Jiang, Yamian Zeng, and Changqin Lai. "Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Visualization of Underwater Bridge Piers Using Sonar Imaging." Sensors 24, no. 14 (2024): 4732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24144732.
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The quality of underwater bridge piers significantly impacts bridge safety and long-term usability. To address limitations in conventional inspection methods, this paper presents a sonar-based technique for the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and visualization of underwater bridge piers. Advanced MS1000 scanning sonar is employed to detect and image bridge piers. Automated image preprocessing, including filtering, denoising, binarization, filling, and morphological operations, introduces an enhanced wavelet denoising method to accurately extract the foundation contour coordinates of bridge piers from sonar images. Using these coordinates, along with undamaged pier dimensions and sonar distances, a model-driven approach for a 3D pier reconstruction algorithm is developed. This algorithm leverages multiple sonar data points to reconstruct damaged piers through multiplication. The Visualization Toolkit (VTK) and surface contour methodology are utilized for 3D visualization, enabling interactive manipulation for enhanced observation and analysis. Experimental results indicate a relative error of 13.56% for the hole volume and 10.65% for the spalling volume, demonstrating accurate replication of bridge pier defect volumes by the reconstructed models. Experimental validation confirms the method’s accuracy and effectiveness in reconstructing underwater bridge piers in three dimensions, providing robust support for safety assessments and contributing significantly to bridge stability and long-term safety assurance.
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Koňas, Petr, Vladimír Gryc, and Hanuš Vavrčík. "3D visualization and finite element mesh formation from wood anatomy samples, Part I – Theoretical approach." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 1 (2009): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957010071.
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The work summarizes created algorithms for formation of finite element (FE) mesh which is derived from bitmap pattern. Process of registration, segmentation and meshing is described in detail. C++ library of STL from Insight Toolkit (ITK) Project together with Visualization Toolkit (VTK) were used for base processing of images. Several methods for appropriate mesh output are discussed. Multiplatform application WOOD3D for the task under GNU GPL license was assembled. Several methods of segmentation and mainly different ways of contouring were included. Tetrahedral and rectilinear types of mesh were programmed. Improving of mesh quality in some simple ways is mentioned. Testing and verification of final program on wood anatomy samples of spruce and walnut was realized. Methods of microscopic anatomy samples preparation are depicted. Final utilization of formed mesh in the simple structural analysis was performed.The article discusses main problems in image analysis due to incompatible colour spaces, samples preparation, thresholding and final conversion into finite element mesh. Assembling of mentioned tasks together and evaluation of the application are main original results of the presented work. In presented program two thresholding filters were used. By utilization of ITK two following filters were included. Otsu filter based and binary filter based were used. The most problematic task occurred in a production of wood anatomy samples in the unique light conditions with minimal or zero colour space shift and the following appropriate definition of thresholds (corresponding thresholding parameters and connected methods (prefiltering + registration) which influence the continuity and mainly separation of wood anatomy structure. Solution in samples staining is suggested with the following quick image analysis realization. Next original result of the work is complex fully automated application which offers three types of finite element mesh. Tetrahedral mesh is coded for FE analysis with significant gradients and hexahedral mesh is offered for tasks with low gradients. Modified octree code is introduced for future research of anisotropic combined mesh.
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Spina, Roberto, Marcel Spekowius, and Christian Hopmann. "Analysis of Polymer Crystallization with a Multiscale Modeling Approach." Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (May 2014): 928–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.928.
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The main objective of the presented work is to describe the crystallization kinetics of semi-crystalline thermoplastics with a multiscale model implemented into the COMSOL software and the in-house developed code SphäroSim. The filling and cooling simulations, implemented by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and heat transfer (HT) modules of COMSOL, require the simultaneous solution of non-Newtonian multi-phase flow (polymer/air) and thermal fields in non-isothermal condition and transient regime. The simulation results are collected, converted into the OpenSource file format VTK (Visualization Toolkit) and transferred to the SphäroSim code after a matching operation with the COMSOL mesh. The SphäroSim code uses COMSOL results as input data to compute crystallization kinetics, using the COMSOL data as boundary conditions in the microstructure simulation. This allows the time resolved calculation of the crystallization process and a prediction of the final microstructure in the part which can be used in further simulations such as a structural analysis. The analytical parameters needed to connect crystallization kinetics with molecular material properties and applying the analytical scheme to the numerical simulation during filling and cooling in an injection moulding process are identified.
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Damic, Vjekoslav, and Maida Cohodar Husic. "Three-Dimensional Visualization of Articulated Mechanisms: Coupling of Their Dynamic and Virtual Models Using the Example of Driving of the Omnidirectional Mobile Robot." Applied Sciences 15, no. 9 (2025): 5179. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15095179.
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This paper proposes a novel approach to the virtual 3D modeling of articulated mechanisms. It follows the widespread use of XML (eXtensible Markup Language) for various applications and defines a version of XML that is specially designed for the description of 3D geometric models of articulated bodies. In addition, it shows how the 3D geometric model of a mechanism can be gradually developed through the use of suitably defined elements and stored in a corresponding XML file. The developed XML model is processed, and using a powerful VTK (Visualization Toolkit) library, the corresponding virtual model is built and shown on the computer screen. To drive the virtual model, the dynamic model of the mechanism is developed using Bond Graph modeling techniques. Virtual 3D geometric and dynamic models are created using the corresponding software packages: BonSim3D 2023 Visual and BondSim 2023. The models are interconnected by a two-way named pipe. During the simulation of the dynamic model, the parameters necessary to drive the virtual model (e.g., the joint displacements) are collected and sent to the virtual model over the pipe. When the virtual model receives a package, the computer screen is updated by showing the new state of the mechanism. The approach is demonstrated using the example of a holonomic omnidirectional mobile robot.
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Ohtake, Yutaka, and Alexander G. Belyaev. "Dual-Primal Mesh Optimization for Polygonized Implicit Surfaces With Sharp Features." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 2, no. 4 (2002): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1559153.
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A new method for improving polygonizations of implicit surfaces with sharp features is proposed. The method is based on the observation that, given an implicit surface with sharp features, a triangle mesh whose triangles are tangent to the implicit surface at certain inner triangle points gives a better approximation of the implicit surface than the standard Marching Cubes mesh [Lorensen, W.E., and Cline, H.E., 1987, Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH ’87), 21(3), pp. 163–169] (in our experiments we use VTK Marching Cubes [Schroeder, W., Martin, K., and Lorensen, W., 1998, The Visualization Toolkit: An Object-Oriented Approach to 3-D Graphics, Prentice Hall]). First, given an initial triangle mesh, its dual mesh composed of the triangle centroids is considered. Then the dual mesh is modified such that its vertices are placed on the implicit surface and the mesh dual to the modified dual mesh is considered. Finally the vertex positions of that “double dual” mesh are optimized by minimizing a quadratic energy measuring a deviation of the mesh normals from the implicit surface normals computed at the vertices of the modified dual mesh. In order to achieve an accurate approximation of fine surface features, these basic steps are combined with adaptive mesh subdivision and curvature-weighted vertex resampling. The proposed method outperforms approaches based on the mesh evolution paradigm in speed and accuracy.
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Hall, C., D. Abell, A. Banerjee, et al. "Recent developments to the Radia magnetostatics code for improved performance and interface." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2380, no. 1 (2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2380/1/012025.
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Abstract Radia is a 3D magnetostatics code that is widely used to model a range of magnets for particle accelerators, with particularly broad usage within the synchrotron light source community. Recently, Radia has been released as open source and made available for collaborative development on GitHub. A US DOE SBIR grant has been obtained for its upgrade and extension. The ongoing improvements are focused on the core physics engine, performance enhancements, and the development of a graphical user interface. Additionally, a new Python API (PyRadia) has been developed to allow for wider use of Radia outside of the existing Mathematica API. We have implemented the majority of the Radia examples in Python scripts and in Jupyter notebooks, including advanced visualization features for interactively viewing 3D geometries based on the VTK toolkit. The interaction matrix and field calculations have been parallelized using MPI and show good scaling performance on a variety of cluster architectures. The parallel Radia may be accessed via Python scripts or using the Jupyter interface. A Sirepo application is under development to provide a browser based interface to the Radia code allowing modeling of synchrotron light source magnets, with a focus on undulators. Kick maps and field maps may be exported for use in electron storage ring modeling codes such as elegant or AT, and tabulated undulator files may be exported for x-ray optics computation in a physical optics code such as Synchrotron Radiation Workshop. We summarize these developments and give an outlook for future development.
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Wesarg, S., M. Seitel, E. A. Firle, and C. Dold. "AHA conform visualization of conventionally acquired cardiac CT data using the toolkits itk and vtk." International Congress Series 1268 (June 2004): 1096–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2004.03.322.
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Wolf, Ivo, Marco Nolden, Thomas Boettger, et al. "The MITK Approach." Insight Journal, July 29, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.54294/wlz4on.
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The Medical Imaging Interaction Toolkit (MITK) is an opensource toolkit for the development of interactive medical image analysis software. MITK is based on the open-source Insight Toolkit (ITK) and Visualization Toolkit (VTK) and extends them with features required for interactive systems. ITK is used for the algorithmic scope and general infrastructure, VTK for visualization. Key features of MITK are the coordination of multiple 2D and 3D visualizations of arbitrary data, a general interaction concept including undo/redo, and its extendibility and flexibility to create tailored applications due to its toolkit character and different layers of hidden complexity. The paper gives a brief introduction into the overall concepts and goals of the MITK approach. Suggestions and participation are welcome. MITK is available at www.mitk.org.
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Askeland, Christian, Frank Lindseth, Janne Beate Lervik Bakeng, Ole Vegard Solberg, and Geir Arne Tangen. "CustusX: A Research Application for Image-Guided Therapy." MIDAS Journal, May 31, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.54294/5jerhn.
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CustusX version 3 is an in-house application for research in image-guided therapy with a focus on intraoperative use and ultrasound imaging. It is built upon open source toolkits such as the Insight Toolkit (ITK), the Visualization Toolkit (VTK), Qt and others. CustusX has a layered architecture based on services, and is extensible through the use of plugins. Key features are a user interface configurable by the user, an abstraction of the VTK pipeline, cross-platform video acquisition including temporal calibration, and a patient model. This paper gives an overview of the architecture and a description of the key concepts.
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Papademetris, Xenophon, Marcel Jackowski, Nallakkandi Rajeevan, R. Todd Constable, and Lawrence Staib. "BioImage Suite: An integrated medical image analysis suite." Insight Journal, August 5, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.54294/vb5z20.
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BioImage Suite is an integrated image analysis software suite developed at Yale. It uses a combination of C++ and Tcl in the same fashion as that pioneered by the Visualization Toolkit (VTK) and it leverages both VTK and the Insight Toolkit. It has extensive capabilities for both neuro/cardiac and abdominal image analysis and state of the art visualization. It is currently in use at Yale; a first public release is expected before the end of 2005.
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Papademetris, Xenophon. "Medical Image Analysis with VTK: A Tutorial." Insight Journal, December 13, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.54294/gf96ro.
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This paper describes a new tutorial book titled “An Introduction to Programming for Medical Image Analysis with the Visualization Toolkit.” This book derived from a set of class handouts used in a biomedical engineering graduate seminar at Yale University. The goal for the seminar was to introduce the students to the Visualization Toolkit (VTK) and, to a lesser extent, the Insight Toolkit (ITK). A draft version of the complete book (including all the sample code) is available online at www.bioimagesuite.org/vtkbook.
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Doria, David. "Stratified Mesh Sampling for VTK." VTK Journal, March 12, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.54294/n5g7gb.
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This document presents an implementation of a stratified mesh sampling algorithm in the VTK framework. This code was adapted directly from the original implementation by Diego Nehab, with permission. We present a class, vtkStratifiedSampling, which uniformly samples a mesh. A Paraview plugin interface is provided to allow extremely easy experimentation with the new functionality. We propose these classes as an addition to the Visualization Toolkit.
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Ibanez, Luis, Andinet Enquobahrie, Matt Turek, et al. "IGSTK: Building High Quality Roads with Open Source Software." MIDAS Journal, July 31, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.54294/5ssplg.
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This paper is a position statement on the benefits that an Open Source toolkit can bring to the field of image guided surgery. The particular example discussed here is the IGSTK toolkit. IGSTK is an open source software project designed for supporting the development of image guided surgery software applications. It provides functionalities for interfacing with optical and electromagnetic trackers, reading and visualizing DICOM datasets, as well as loading and displaying geometrical models resulting from image segmentation. These functionalities are enveloped by a simplified API implemented in a layer designed with emphasis on patient safety. The Toolkit is designed to ease the development of IGS applications, providing the basic functionalities related to the management of basic components. IGSTK is based on the Insight Toolkit (ITK) and the Visualization Toolkit (VTK), and can be combined with GUI toolkits such as FLTK and Qt. The IGSTK toolkit is distributed under a BSD license. Enter the names of any sponsors and/or funding codes in the box below.
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Doria, David. "Point Set Surface Reconstruction for VTK." VTK Journal, January 2, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.54294/mbk9ms.
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This document presents a set of classes (vtkPointSetSurfaceReconstruction, vtkVoxelizePolyData) to produce a surface from an oriented point set. These classes are implemented as VTK filters. A Paraview plugin interface is provided to allow extremely easy experimentation with the new functionality. We propose these classes as an addition to the Visualization Toolkit. The code is available here: https://github.com/daviddoria/PointSetSurfaceReconstruction
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Doria, David, and Arnaud Gelas. "Poisson Surface Reconstruction for VTK." VTK Journal, March 19, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.54294/hyamzv.
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This document presents an implementation of the Poisson surface reconstruction algorithm in the VTK framework. (This code was, with permission, adapted directly from the original implementation by Kazhdan, Bolitho, and Hugues. The original implementation can be found here http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~misha/Code/IsoOctree/). We present a class, vtkPoissonReconstruction, which produces a surface from an oriented point set. A Paraview plugin interface is provided to allow extremely easy experimentation with the new functionality. We propose these classes as an addition to the Visualization Toolkit.
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Birngruber, Erich, René Donner, and Georg Langs. "MatVTK - 3D Visualization for Matlab." MIDAS Journal, August 25, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.54294/9cjzxq.
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The rapid and flexible visualization of large amounts of com- plex data has become a crucial part in medical image analysis. In re- cent years the Visualization Toolkit (VTK) has evolved as the de-facto standard for open-source medical data visualization. It features a clean design based on a data flow paradigm, which the existing wrappers for VTK (Python, Tcl/Tk, Simulink) closely follow. This allows to elegantly model many types of algorithms, but presents a steep learning curve for beginners. In contrast to existing approaches we propose a framework for accessing VTK’s capabilities from within MATLAB, using a syntax which closely follows MATLAB’s graphics primitives. While providing users with the advanced, fast 3D visualization capabilities MATLAB does not provide, it is easy to learn while being flexible enough to allow for complex plots, large amounts of data and combinations of visualiza- tions. The proposed framework will be made available as open source with detailed documentation and example data sets.
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Papademetris, Xenophon, Marcel Jackowski, Nallkkandi Rajeevan, et al. "BioImage Suite: An integrated medical image analysis suite: An update." Insight Journal, June 30, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.54294/2g80r4.
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BioImage Suite is an NIH-supported medical image analysis software suite developed at Yale. It leverages both the Visualization Toolkit (VTK) and the Insight Toolkit (ITK) and it includes many additional algorithms for image analysis especially in the areas of segmentation, registration, diffusion weighted image processing and fMRI analysis. BioImage Suite has a user-friendly user interface developed in the Tcl scripting language. A final beta version is freely available for download.
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Oguz, Ipek, Guido Gerig, Sebastien BARRE, and Martin Styner. "KWMeshVisu: A Mesh Visualization Tool for Shape Analysis." Insight Journal, July 10, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.54294/03yj5p.
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Many statistical shape analysis methods produce various types of data about the analyzed surfaces, such as p-value maps, distance maps, 3D difference vectors and local covariance matrices. This data is often too large and thus difficult to be properly evaluated on a qualitative basis. A visual representation of this data strongly simplifies qualitative evaluation by humans and thus greatly enhances the value of the statistical results. In this paper we present a new tool for visualizing various datasets on surfaces represented as triangle meshes. Our tool, KWMeshVisu, is implemented using the Insight Toolkit ITK, www.itk.org, the Visualization Toolkit VTK, www.vtk.org, and the KWWidgets user interface toolkit, www.kwwidgets.org. The source code for KWMeshVisu, as well as input data used to generate the images in this paper, is provided with this document.
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Toussaint, Nicolas, Maxime Sermesant, and Pierre Fillard. "vtkINRIA3D: A VTK Extension for Spatiotemporal Data Synchronization, Visualization and Management." Insight Journal, July 6, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.54294/wh8hx1.
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This paper presents an extension of the Visualization ToolKit dedicated to spatiotemporal data synchronization, visualization and management. It basically consists in a versatile library providing functionalities to help developers setting up sophisticated applications with minimal development effort. In the medical imaging context, various types of data are often encountered, which raises the need for adapted visualization and synchronization techniques. Moreover, the management of these data (organization, creation, deletion, access) can become a burden. We propose in vtkINRIA3D a strategy to synchronize interactions between datasets representations, to manipulate complex objects (e.g., neural fibers as obtained in DT-MRI), as well as a managing framework for organizing data (including temporal sequences). The efficiency of vtkINRIA3D is illustrated with two applications: MedINRIA (general medical image processing software) and CardioViz3D (cardiac image visualization). vtkINRIA3D is open-source, and comes with a set of examples, test data and softwares built upon it: http://www-sop.inria.fr/asclepios/software/vtkINRIA3D.
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Doria, David, and Siqi Chen. "Interactive Image Graph Cut Segmentation." Insight Journal, November 29, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.54294/ks50of.
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This document presents a system to “scribble” on an image to mark foreground and background pixels and then feed these pixels to a graph cuts segmentation technique. The interaction is done using the Visualization Toolkit and the processing is done using the Insight Toolkit. The graph cut function itself is the maxflow-v2.21 algorithm written by Yuri Boykov and Vladimir Kolmogorov. This version of their algorithm is released under a GPL license.The code for this paper can be found here: https://github.com/daviddoria/InteractiveImageGraphCutSegmentation/commit/259cd239169c5ea8c44cc68908886eca10cc8239Updates will be published here: https://github.com/daviddoria/InteractiveImageGraphCutSegmentationNote: You must use the latest git version of VTK as of the date of this publication to avoid compiler errors due to newly added functions.
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E., Prodromou, Leandrou S., Schiza E., Neocleous K., Matsangidou M., and Pattichis C.S. "A Multi-User Virtual Reality Application For Visualization And Analysis In Medical Imaging." December 16, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBE50027.2020.00135.
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3D medical imaging provides an invaluable tool to the radiologist in visualizing normal and abnormal tissue and structure for the assessment of disease and treatment planning. Moreover, in difficult image disease assessment cases, as well as in the assessment of the early stages of the disease the need exists for a real time 3D collaborative platform. The objective of this paper was to develop a multi-user Virtual Reality (VR) application for visualization and analysis in medical imaging. The proposed platform is based on the Unity VR platform that is integrated with the very well-known and popular image Visualization Toolkit– VTK. The platform was evaluated successfully in the 3D visualization of images of the ADNI dataset. Future work will focus in integrating in the platform the visualization of quantitative imaging analytics as well as the evaluation of the platform in a more-wide spectrum of imaging cases.
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Ebihara, Yusuke, and Takashi Tanaka. "Generation of field-aligned currents during substorm expansion: Updated." January 27, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7066189.
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This contains the original simulation data used by the paper 'Generation of field-aligned currents during substorm expansion: Updated' published in Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics (https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA031011). The data were obtained by the global MHD simulation (REPPU) with Level 6. The VTK file (Visualization Tookkit format) contains the physical variables in the magnetosphere at t = 177.79 min as Plasma pressure (P in nPa) Velocity vector (V in km/s) Current density vector (J in nA/m2) Magnetic field vector (B in nT) V.Ft (where V is velocity and Ft is the magnetic tension force) (in 10^(-12) W/m3) The VTK file can be opened by Visualization Toolkit, and 3-D visualization software packages "VisIT", and "ParaView". The ASCII files named packet-position.txt includes a list of the position of the packet traced backward in time from the position P (66.6 MLAT and 23.4 MLT). This file was used to make Figure 4. From the left column, time in minutes, -<em>x</em>, -<em>y</em>, and <em>z</em> in Re are provided. (The origin of the coordinate is located at the center of the Earth. <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> point toward the Sun and dusk, respectively. <em>z</em> is antiparallel to the Earth's dipole moment.)
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Keil, Matthias, and Matthias Noll. "Extending MITK by a real-time online video overlay navigation system for minimally invasive surgery." MIDAS Journal, August 15, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.54294/ugkbew.
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The purpose of this paper is to present our extension of the MITK toolkit by a real-time navigation system for computer assisted surgery. The system was developed with laparoscopic partial nephrectomies as a first application scenario. The main goal of the application is to enable tracking of the tumor position and orientation during surgery. Our system is based on ultrasound to CT registration and electromagnetic tracking. The basic idea is to process tracking information to generate an augmented reality (AR) visualization of a tumor model in the camera image of a laparoscopic camera. Our system will enhance the surgeon’s view on the current scene and therefore facilitates higher safety during the surgery. A key intention of the development was to use only open source toolkits such as VTK, MITK and OpenCV in order to implement the desired functionality. So far we have applied our system in vitro in two phantom trials with a surgeon which yielded promising results.
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Wang, Defeng, Lin Shi, and Pheng Ann Heng. "Radial Thickness Calculation and Visualization for Volumetric Layers." Insight Journal, July 2, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.54294/nvodei.
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Volumetric layers often encountered in medical image analysis are characterized by double and nested bounding surfaces. The thickness of a volumetric layer at a point on the bounding surface is the distance from that point to the opposite surface. There exist several definitions for the layer thickness. A newly proposed thickness definition is the radial thickness, which is defined as the distance between each pair of corresponding points on the two surfaces with the same polar coordinate. The thickness values calculated by the radial thickness definition are unique and does not depend on the starting surface. In this paper, we describe a class for calculating the radial thickness of one volumetric layer represented as coupled and nested triangle meshes.The class, vtkRadialThicknessCalculate, is implemented using the Visualization Toolkit (VTK). In this document, we describe the radial thickness calculation algorithm and provide the user with the source code and the input data to reproduce the results. The radial thickness calculation described in this paper has a variety of applications including the thickness calculation for the skull vault, which is the original motivation for this work.
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Fujibuchi, Toshioh, Misaki Nakashima, Hiroyuki Arakawa, Hitoshi Miyazaki, and Choirul Anam. "Evaluation of radiation protection effectivity in a cardiac angiography room using visualized scattered radiation distribution." Journal of Radiological Protection, August 9, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ad6d75.
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Abstract In this study, we devised a radiation protection tool specifically designed for healthcare professionals and students engaged in cardiac catheterization to easily monitor and evaluate scattered radiation distribution across diverse C-arm angles and arbitrary physician associated staff positions - scrub nurse, technologist positions. In this study, scattered radiation distributions in an angiography room were calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation of PHITS code. Four visualizations were performed under different C-arm angles with and without radiation protection: 1) a dose profile, 2) a 2D cross-section, 3) a 3D scattered radiation distribution, and 4) a 4D scattered radiation distribution. The simulation results detailing the scattered radiation distribution in PHITS were exported in Visualization Toolkit (vtk) format and visualized through the open-source visualization application ParaView for analysis. Visualization of the scattered dose showed that dose distribution depends on the C-arm angle and the X-ray machine output parameters (kV, mAs/second, beam filtration) which depend upon beam angulation to the patient body. When irradiating in the PA direction, the protective curtain decreased the dose by 62% at a point 80 cm from the floor, where the physician’s gonads are positioned. Placing the protection board close to the X-ray tube reduced the dose by 24% at a location 160 cm from the floor, where the lens of the eye is situated. Notably, positioning the protection board adjacent to the physician resulted in a 95.4% reduction in incident air kerma. These visualization displays can be combined to understand the spread and direction of the scattered radiation distribution and to determine where and how to operate and place radiation protection devices, accounting for the different beam angulations encountered in interventional cases. This study showed that scatter visualization could be a radiation protection teaching aid for students and medical staff in angiography rooms.
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Aboamama, Atahar Ahmed, Shafie Abd Latiff Muhammad, Abu Bakar Kamalrulnizam, and AhmadRajion Zainul. "Automatic Visualization Pipeline Formation for Medical Datasets on Grid Computing Environment." July 28, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1057079.
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Distance visualization of large datasets often takes the direction of remote viewing and zooming techniques of stored static images. However, the continuous increase in the size of datasets and visualization operation causes insufficient performance with traditional desktop computers. Additionally, the visualization techniques such as Isosurface depend on the available resources of the running machine and the size of datasets. Moreover, the continuous demand for powerful computing powers and continuous increase in the size of datasets results an urgent need for a grid computing infrastructure. However, some issues arise in current grid such as resources availability at the client machines which are not sufficient enough to process large datasets. On top of that, different output devices and different network bandwidth between the visualization pipeline components often result output suitable for one machine and not suitable for another. In this paper we investigate how the grid services could be used to support remote visualization of large datasets and to break the constraint of physical co-location of the resources by applying the grid computing technologies. We show our grid enabled architecture to visualize large medical datasets (circa 5 million polygons) for remote interactive visualization on modest resources clients.
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AL-DBOUSH, Ra’ed, Antonio ROSSI, and Tarek EL-BIALY. "Impact of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on volumetric root resorption of maxillary incisors in patients treated with clear aligner therapy: A retrospective study." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 28, no. 2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.28.2.e2321252.oar.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the volumetric root resorption in maxillary incisors following clear aligner therapy (CAT) with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), and compare the results to CAT alone. Material and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated pretreatment (T0) and post-treatment (T1) cone-beam computed tomography imaging of 42 adult patients. Twenty-one patients (14 females, 7 males, mean age= 38.1±12.96 years) were treated using CAT with LIPUS device, whereas the other twenty-one matching controls patients (15 females, 6 males, mean age= 35.6±11.7 years) were treated using CAT alone. Images were analyzed and a segmentation protocol was applied on the maxillary incisors. Each segmented tooth volume was exported as a surface mesh in the Visualization Toolkit (VTK) file format. The VTK files for all maxillary incisors were coded and corresponding teeth volumes from T0 and T1 were superimposed. Clipping the crown of each tooth was done, then measurements of root volumes and differences between groups were performed. Changes in root volumes were assessed (p<0.05). Results: Root loss was evident in all teeth in both groups, but was significantly increased in all maxillary incisors of the control group (p<0.001) and in upper left central incisor of LIPUS group (p=0.009). When both groups were compared, there was statistically significant minimal volumetric root loss in LIPUS group (3.50-7.32 mm3), when compared to control group (11.48-12.95 mm3) (p<0.05). Conclusion: LIPUS group showed less volumetric root resorption compared to control group during the studied treatment time using clear aligners.
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Humayun, Ahsan, Bin Liu, Mustafain Rehman, Zhipeng Zou, and Luning Xu. "A method framework of cruciate ligaments segmentation and reconstruction from MRI images." Technology and Health Care, January 26, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1177/09287329241306201.
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Segmenting anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL/PCL) presents challenges in medical imaging due to diverse characteristics, including size, shape, and intensity. Our study uses superpixel-based spectral clustering for knee cruciate ligament segmentation in 2D DICOM slices, renowned for generating high-quality clusters. The proposed method addresses the challenges by (i) identifying the ligamentous region (ROI) through superpixel-based computation, (ii) extracting features (intensity-based, shape-based, geometric complexity, and Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) from the ROI, and (iii) segmenting knee ligament tissues using spectral clustering on the extracted features. Superpixel-based spectral clustering addresses the challenge of constructing a dense similarity matrix and significantly reduces the computational burden. Furthermore, 3D visualization of ligament structures is performed using the Visualization Toolkit (VTK). We evaluated our proposed approach on a dataset of knee MRI slices, assessing the results via the dice score, average surface distance (ASD), and root mean squared error (RMSE) metrics. Our method achieved an average dice score of 0.912 for ACL segmentation and 0.896 for PCL segmentation, outperforming other clustering methods. These scores showed an enhancement of 10.7% and 14.9% in segmentation accuracy for the ACL and PCL, respectively. Furthermore, reduced error margins were demonstrated with the mean ASD values of 1.60 and 1.78 and the mean RMSE values of 1.76 and 1.86 for ACL and PCL, respectively. These results show the effectiveness of the proposed method for cruciate ligament segmentation and its potential for increasing the segmentation accuracy and speed, offering significant advantages over manual segmentation by reducing time and expertise.