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Journal articles on the topic 'Vulgar Latin language'
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1
Jesus, Carlos Renato Rosário de. "Para uma abordagem dialetológica “estruturalista” do latim vulgar: Vänäänen e o método comparatista (To a dialectology approach "structuralist" Vulgar Latin: Vänäänen and the comparative method)." Estudos da Língua(gem) 5, no. 2 (December 30, 2007): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22481/el.v5i2.1037.
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Nosso trabalho consiste em fazer uma breve análise crítica do método comparatista utilizado por diversos autores no estudo das relações entre as línguas românicas e o latim vulgar. Partindo das variações dialetológicas da língua latina ao longo de seu período de utilização, procuraremos mostrar a necessidade de um método que se preocupe em abarcar os fenômenos linguísticos do latim pós-clássico que, eventualmente, recrudesçam nos romances, mas que também leve em conta os fatos do latim vulgar anteriores ao chamado latim clássico. Para isso, as idéias de Vänäänen nos serão bastante esclarecedoras.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Comparatistas. Latim vulgar. Dialetologia
ABSTRACTThis work consists in doing a brief critic analysis of the comparatist method used by several authors in the study of the relationships between the Romanian languages and the vulgar latin. Starting from the dialectologist variations of the latin language along its period of usage, we aim at showing the need of a method that must be concerned in involving all the linguistic phenomenons of the early latin that, eventually, appears in the medieval latin languages. This method must consider the previous facts of the vulgar latin regarding to so called classic latin. The ideas of Väänanen will be very clarifying for that.KEYWORDS: Comparatists. Vulgar latim. Dialectology
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Nedeljković, Vojin. "Latin vulgaire, latin familier." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 38, no. 1 (September 18, 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.38.1.01ned.
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The author examines the scope and interrelation of two traditional notions concerning non-literary Latin: sermo uulgaris, or plebeius, and sermo familiaris, or cotidianus. While these are really disparate terms, the one designating a sociolect and the other a language register, the author maintains that the old confusion between Colloquial and Vulgar Latin is not merely due to flawed reasoning within an insufficient model of linguistic variation, but rather reflects a fundamental development that took place in the social history of Latin.
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Ionescu, Emil. "Negative imperatives in Eastern Romance languages: Latin heritage and Romance innovation." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 135, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 845–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2019-0045.
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Abstract This paper is a contribution to the study of negative imperatives in Romance. The paper starts from Raffaella Zanuttini, who, like other researchers, notices that most of Romance languages display, under certain conditions, an asymmetry between certain positive and negative imperatives. She holds that, historically, the asymmetry reflects a tendency in Romance of maintaining the early illocutionary Latin distinction between negations nōn and nē (Zanuttini 1997, 128 s.). The present study proposes, too, a historical explanation of this asymmetry. To this purpose, the analysis takes into account negative imperatives in three varieties of Latin, pre-Classical, Classical and Vulgar Latin. The approach leads to a reformulation of Zanuttini’s hypothesis. It is argued that the asymmetry in Romance amply documented in her study is due to the inheritance of the Vulgar Latin imperative system, which turns out to be “incomplete” in the sense that it does not incorporate either the illocutionary distinction nōn/nē or the early behaviour of nē (both visible in pre-Classical and Classical Latin). It is further argued that, if considered from the viewpoint of the Vulgar Latin system of imperative, some Romance innovations managed to independently reconstruct the pre-Classical Latin distinction, on another level of the historic evolution and under a different form. Data from Eastern Romance languages are adduced in support of this view.
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Gonda, Attila. "Dialects of Vulgar Latin and the Dialectal Classification of the Alps-Danube-Adria Region." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (September 25, 2020): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.8.
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SummaryThis study compares the Vulgar Latin Raetia, Noricum, Venetia et Histria, Pannónia Superior, Pannónia Inferior and Dalmatia with each other and their provincial capitals in relation to the hypothesized large dialectal isoglosses of Vulgar Latin, and in turn, to the modern Romance languages located in those areas, such as Western Romance, Northern Italian, Southern Italian and Eastern Romance dialects. The analysis is done on the palatal and velar vowels, the V∼B merger, intervocalic V drop, sonorization, degemination, assimilation, palatalization and final /-s/ drop. The territories of the Alps-Danube-Adria region will be classified according to their similarities to each other and their similarity to the Vulgar Latin or Romance dialects.
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Lejavitzer Lapoujade, Amalia. "Terminología culinaria en De re coquinaria: lengua técnica y coincidencias con el latín vulgar." Nova Tellus 38, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.nt.2020.38.2.0004.
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This article examines the use of culinary terminology in the recipe book De re coquinaria, by tradition attributed to Apicius. From the analysis of the specialized terms, its use and its technical significance are studied, focussed on two conceptual axes: description of practical procedures (verbs) and naming of material results (nouns). Also it shows the resources for the creation of technical language (as loan translations of Greek and diminutive derivatives) as well as its coincidences with Vulgar Latin. It is concluded that the culinary language in the De re coquinaria and the Vulgar Latin have strong morphological coincidences, but with different expressive values and linguistic uses, which highlights the polysemic character of Latin culinary terminology.
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Adams, J. N. "The Language of the Vindolanda Writing Tablets: An Interim Report." Journal of Roman Studies 85 (November 1995): 86–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/301059.
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The recent publication by A. K. Bowman and J. D. Thomas of The Vindolanda Writing Tablets (Tabulae Vindolandenses II) (1994) provides another substantial corpus of Latin from a military outpost in the early Empire. The tablets take their place alongside such important military finds as the letters of Claudius Terentianus, which are roughly of the same date, the ostraca from Bu Njem, and the ostraca from Wâdi Fawâkhir, which again are dated to the first/second centuries.The Latin of the Vindolanda tablets has recently been discussed by H. Petersmann as a specimen of ‘Vulgar Latin’, at a conference devoted to Vulgar and Late Latin. But while the influence of spoken varieties of the language can be detected in some misspellings, and in aspects of the syntax, morphology, and lexicon of the tablets, one must resist the temptation to find ‘Vulgar Latin’ (however one defines that problematical term: see below, IX.4) as the sole or principal element of the tablets. Many of the documents were not composed by free composition, but have a formulaic structure which made little or no demand on the linguistic competence of the writer (e.g. applications for leave (166–77), the daily reports of a type found at Bu Njem, which have certain distinctive features of syntax (155–6)). Accounts and lists (178–209) too may in their syntax and format, if not necessarily in their spellings, be heavily influenced by the conventions of their genre. Moreover record-keeping of this type usually falls to individuals with a degree of education and numeracy, and their writing may have little or nothing to reveal about the spoken language which they used or heard.
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Langslow, David. "The development of Latin medical terminology: some working hypotheses." Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 37 (1992): 106–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068673500001553.
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While the Latin technical writers have been, and continue to be, studied by historians of the relevant discipline, scant attention has been devoted by linguists to their technical language. If they have interested philologists and linguists at all, then until recently it was as writers of popular, or ‘vulgar’, Latin, rather than of ‘technical’ Latin. This neglect of Latin technical languages as varieties in their own right reflects a wider reluctance to take technical languages into account in other areas of linguistics. There is a substantial literature devoted to technical languages in isolation, especially to the practical problems of communication in technical contexts, of teaching, translating and standardising technical languages, but coherent treatment of technical words and technical languages in the context of the lexicon or the language as a whole is almost entirely lacking in the standard works on word-formation and semantics.
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Solntseva, Anna V. "ROMANCE LANGUAGES: HISTORY OF FORMATION AND CLASSIFICATION PROBLEMS." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 22, no. 3 (2020): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2020-3-22-123-132.
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This article deals with issues that arise when analyzing Romance languages. Firstly, the author investigates the problem of determining the number of Romance languages and their classification. In modern linguistics, these issues remain unresolved. The classification of Romance languages changed depending on what grounds were proposed to be taken as its basis. Moreover, the status of some Romance languages remains controversial, so different authors list a different number of Romance languages. Secondly, the article describes the process of Romance languages formation: an attempt is made to explain the similarities and differences observed between them. The main reason for the similarity of all Romance languages is their common source: the Vulgar Latin. The article indicates the following factors that influenced the process of divergence of Romance languages: 1) A different substratum upon which the Vulgar Latin was superimposed in the provinces of the Roman Empire. The substratum is a complex of features of a local native language dissolved in a colonizing language. 2) Different superstratum. The superstratum is a complex of features of the extinct language of the non-native population remaining in the original language. The most active superstrate was German. Inhabitants of the Romance area in different parts of Europe had to deal with different Germanic tribes. 3) Different adstratum. The adstratum is the mutual influence of neighboring languages due to the long coexistence of two languages. Unlike substratum and superstratum, both interacting languages continue to exist in this case. The different geographical position of peoples of the Romance area determined a specific adstratum typical of a particular Romance language. 4) The state of the Latin language by the time a given province was colonized. 5) Duration and degree of Roman influence.
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Matasović, Ranko. "Etimologija hrvatske riječi patuljak." Fluminensia 30, no. 1 (2018): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/f.30.1.7.
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Dini, Pietro U. "The dispute among vilnius humanists regarding Latin, Lithuanian, and Ruthenian." Historiographia Linguistica 26, no. 1-2 (September 10, 1999): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.26.1-2.03din.
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Summary Even before the Lublin Union (1569) between Poland and Lithuania there was an important linguistic controversy among Lithuanian Humanists. In the wider context of a general ‘Latinization’ of the culture of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the so-called ‘Latinizers’ (Agrippa, Rotundus, Michalo Lituanus) harked back to a classic language such as Latin, the dignitas of which was considered to be undisputed. The Latin language could compete with other languages of culture used inside the Grand Duchy, primarily with Ruski. According to the Latinizers the identity of Latin and Lithuanian was the principal evidence to support the derivation of the Lithuanians as a people from the Romans. Promoting Latin was equivalent to promoting vulgar Lithuanian from the point of view of the Latinizers. In this paper I discuss the textual aspects of the debate about the literae (Latin vs. Muscovite or Ruthenian) exposed in the works of Michalo Lituanus (Tractatus de moribus Tartarorwn, Lithuanorum et Moschorum, 1615[1550]) and Augustinus Rotundus (Preface to the second Lithuanian Statute, 1576). Possible implications of the dispute for the question of the Ruthenian language are investigated, too.
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Ivancu, Ovidiu. "A Pedagogical Perspective on the Definite and the Indefinite Article in the Romanian Language. Challenges for Foreign Learners." Verbum 10 (December 20, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/verb.6.
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All Romance languages have developed the definite and the indefinite article via the Vulgar Latin (Classical Latin did not use articles), the language of the Roman colonists. According to Joseph H. Greenberg (1978), the definite article predated the indefinite one by approximately two centuries, being developed from demonstratives through a complex process of grammaticalization. Many areas of nowadays` Romania were incorporated into the Roman Empire for about 170 years. After two military campaign, the Roman emperor Trajan conquered Dacia, east of Danube.The Romans imposed their own administration and inforced Latin as lingua franca.The language of the colonists, mixed with the native language and, later on, with various languages spoken by the many migrant populations that followed the Roman retreat resulted in a new language (Romanian), of Latin origins. The Romanian language, attested in the 16th Century, in documents written by foreign travellers, uses four different types of articles. Being a highly inflected language, Romanian changes the form of the articles according to the gender, the number and the case of the noun As compared to the other Romance languages, Romanian uses the definite article enclitically. Thus, the definite article and the noun constitute a single word. The present paper aims at discussing, analysing and providing an overview of the use of definite and indefinite articles. The general norm and its various exceptions are examined from a broader perspective, synchronically and diachronically. The pedagogical perspective is meant to offer a comprehensible synthesis to foreign learners.
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VERBA, Halyna, and Olena ORLYTCHENKO. "INHERITED AND ADOPTED VOCABULARY: DIFFERENCE OF THE CONCEPT WORDS ETHYMOLOGY AND ADOPTED WORDS (based on Spanish and Ukrainian languages)." Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World, no. 71(1) (2022): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2022.1.03.
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The article deals with the semantic processes peculiar to the vocabulary of foreign origin in Spanish and Ukrainian. As it is known, in the vocabulary of any language there are inherited, own and adopted words by their origin. It seems interesting to compare and conclude whether there are common approaches to the definition of these terms – and, accordingly, to the processes of their adopting – in the two comparable languages. In the case of the Ukrainian language, experts believe that the actual Ukrainian vocabulary was created after the All-Slavic linguistic unity and at the present time is registered in the written works of the Ukrainians, founding its basis and forming national features of the language meanwhile adopted vocabulary are linguistic units that had come from different languages in the moment of direct or indirect communication. These are mainly Polish, Russian, Turkic languages, Latin and Greek. A similar approach is found in works of ulgarspecialists who have analyzed a similar phenomenon in Spanish, with the difference that the actual Spanish vocabulary was formed on the basis of Vulgar Latin, also known as Popular or Colloquial Latin, and adopted units also appeared in the course of historical development of direct or indirect communication (languages of pre Latin and post-Latin periods). These included mainly Latinisms, Greekisms, Arabisms, Indianisms and a small number of Germanisms. It seems important that the criteria for distinguishing specific and etymologically foreign vocabulary have not found an unambiguous definition, which leads to significant differences in terms of the quantitative composition of vocabulary in terms of its origin. Etymologically, foreign language vocabulary in the course of assimilation often loses its primary meaning and acquires a new in the course of language development. Such tokens acquire the status of interlingual paronyms (false friends of the translator).
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Calboli, Gualtiero. "The Vindolanda Tablets again, and Now More." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (September 25, 2020): 587–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.51.
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SummaryAt the beginning of my paper I have explained why I could not use the new finds of the Vindolanda Tablets. In this regard I quoted the letter I sent to Professor Bowman and the kind answer he gave me. Then I took into account three elements of the Vindolanda Tablets until now published that deserve attention, namely (1) the conflation of second and third conjugation of Latin verb, which is considered a feature of Vulgar Latin, (2) the presence of official language in distinguishing the familiar puer from the formal servus to mention a slave, and (3) the use of rogo (or similar verbs) + ut or the simple subjunctive. In all these cases the presumption of Vulgar Latin in Vindolanda tablets must be reduced. As to the first I actually challenged in some cases the supposed conflation of second and third conjugation. I demonstrated that the expression qui debunt (instead of debent) must be read qui debent, because the letter V of debunt is a false reading for E written in the cursive form employed not only in Vindolanda tablets but also in a letter sent by Cl. Terentianus to his father, Cl. Tiberianus, in P. Mich. VIII 468. 40. The closing greetings Valu fratur (Vindolanda Tablet 301 Plate XXIII), which of course must be read Vale frater is a proof that in the cursive formula of final greetings, written in a kind of currente calamo, a cursive script was employed and the conflation of second and third conjugation must be reduced in some cases to a cursive (and regular) script. Also as to the difference between puer and servus, and rogo + subj. (with ut or without ut) the Vindolanda’s Latin was not so vulgar as could be supposed if we consider Octavius’ and Chrautius’ Latinitas. In particular the construction of rogo + subj. (with ut or withour ut) was object of study because Latin speaker showed a great attention in choosing one or the other construction as happened in a couple of letters sent by Brutus and Cassius to Mark Antony. Maybe this depended upon the action of military scribes, as Adams right supposed. On the other hand, if we consider the role played by Brittain Latin in the Carolingian Renaissance, every defence of correct Latin in this region requires a larger investigation. Therefore the use of the new Vindolanda Letters should have a great weight.
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Szőke, Melinda. "A latinizálás és hiánya a pécsváradi apátság alapítólevelében." Névtani Értesítő 42 (2020): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29178/nevtert.2020.2.
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The founding charter of Pécsvárad Abbey (+1015/+1158 [about 1220]/1323/1403/PR.) is a document that has only survived in a 15th-century copy of a 13th-century forgery. Thus, an analysis of toponym history and linguistic history must deal with several chronological planes when studying the document. The first section of this study examines Hungarian words (Duna ‘Danube’; the names of trees: e.g. tulfa ‘oak’, scylfa ‘elm’; geographic common nouns: e.g. aruc ‘ditch’, nogwt ‘main road’) that are used only in Latin in other documents or are characterised by mixed usages of Latin and Hungarian terms. These indicate a lack of Latinisation. The second section details the characteristics of five Latin name forms used in the document (Scena abbatis, Sirmia, Strigoniensis, Colocensis, Montis Ferrei), emphasising their chronological order. The small number of Latin names among all designations in the charter and the use of vulgar elements instead of Latin is presented as an imprint of 11th-century charter writing (from the time of Saint Stephen). Thus, the charter can provide significant insight into the beginnings of charter writing in Hungary.
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Álvarez Maurín, María del Pilar. "El registro lingüístico especial de los documentos notariales medievales." Estudios Humanísticos. Filología, no. 15 (December 1, 1993): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/ehf.v0i15.4242.
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<p>La autora defiende la interpretación lingüística tradicional (Menéndez Pidal) de que los documentos notariales del Reino de León están escritos en latín. Asimismo está de acuerdo con Wright en que no es necesario postular la existencia de un «latín vulgar leonés», pero a diferencia de éste, considera que el lenguaje notarial es un registro especial cuyas pretensiones iban más allá de reflejar el romance cotidiano. En apoyo de su hipótesis analiza la producción escrita de una serie de notarios de los siglos IX al XII.</p><p>The writer defends the Menéndez Pidal's traditional linguistic interpretation on the language of the legal documents of the Kingdom of León as written in Latin. Moreover the writer agrees to Wright's the ory that it is not necessary to postulate the existence of a «leonese vulgar Latin», but differs from him in the sense that she considers that the notarial language was a special form whose purposes trascended the mere transcription of the colloquial Romance. To support her hypothesis she analyzes some legal documents from the IX to the XII centuries.</p>
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Krauze, Julia. "O najdawniejszej włoskiej leksykografii dwujęzycznej, znanej i nieznanej." Załącznik Kulturoznawczy, no. 10 (December 31, 2023): 435–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zk.2023.10.20.
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On the Earliest Italian Bilingual Lexicography, Known and Unknown Since the Latin language became part of the education system, all kinds of grammatical compendiums, dictionaries, and commentaries on classical works of Greco-Roman literature have been an indispensable tool for exploring its intricacies. The turn of the 14th and 15th centuries was extremely interesting in this respect as it abounded in diverse and original works of this type, especially in Italy. The issues of studiorum humanitatis are discussed in such works as Elegantiae Linguae Latinae by Lorenzo Valle, Regulae grammaticales by Guarino Guarini, Epitoma seu Regulae constructionis and Latini sermonis emporium by Antonio Mancinelli, or the less known bilingual Glossarium by Jacopo Ursello from Roccantica. The books testify to teachers’ intentions to respond to the specific educational needs existing at that time, when it was necessary to educate students in written, spoken, and—to an increasing extent—Vulgar Latin. This article analyzes the above-mentioned Latin textbooks by Antonio Mancinelli and Jacopo Ursello, in which various aspects of Italianization operate in the light of the most important lexicographic sources of the era.
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Willms, Lothar. "Augusta Treverorum Vulgaris: Linguistic Change and Cultural Integration in the Vulgar Latin Inscriptions of Trier (germany)." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (September 25, 2020): 651–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.56.
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SummaryThe copious corpus of deviations from standard Latin from Trier spans more than 800 years (50 BC–800 AD) and comprises both pagan and Christian inscriptions, the latter exclusively on tombstones. This paper points out the most salient non-standard features in the categories of phonetics, morphology, syntax and vocabulary. Most of them conform to standard Vulgar Latin, but some yield features of the inscriptions’ area, such as Western Romance (preservation of final -s, voicing intervocalic stops), Gallo-Romance (qui instead of quae, nasalisation), and the extinct Moselle Romance. A few features might reflect Gaulish substrate influence ([u] > [y], e before nasals > i, ē > ī, ō > ū, -m > -n). Clues for palatalisation and the raisings ē > ī, ō > ū are the most prominent phonetic features, the latter supporting, combined with the preservation of final -s, a renewed paradigm of nominal inflection. Morphosyntactic changes are driven by analogy and regularisations. Starting at the fringes, the erosion of case syntax ended up in a complete breakdown. Christianity fostered the recording of previously undocumented substandard features, completed the assimilation of Celtic (which pagan polytheism and the upwards mobility of Roman society had initiated) and supported the cultural integration of Germanic immigrants.Piae memoriae Henrici Heinen, viri doctissimi
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Vinogradov, Aleksey Ye. "ABOUT THE NAMES OF THE DNIEPER RAPIDS IN THE RUS’ LANGUAGE IN DE ADMINISTRANDO IMPERIO." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 3 (2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2020-26-3-7-13.
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None of the many etymologies of the names of the Dnieper rapids in the Rus’ people’s language from the De administrando imperio treatise have so far been completely convincing. Perhaps the researchers used the wrong language key in addition to paying lesser attention to the possible connections of the The hydronyms of the Rus’ language with the rapids names which were in use in subsequent centuries. An analysis of these connections, as well as examples of the language of Old Rus’, suggests that the names used in the work of Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus had Latin roots. The features of the geographical environment reflected in the hydronyms, the flora of the region quite confidently correlate with the indications of the Byzantine treatise and other sources. Some features of the Dnieper hydronyms may indicate Vulgar Latin forms, including those dating back to medieval Balkan dialects, rather than classic.
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Burghini, Julia, and Javier Uría. "Some neglected evidence on Vulgar Latin ‘glide suppression’: Consentius, 27.17‒20 N." Glotta 91E, no. 1 (April 2015): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/glot.2015.91e.1.15.
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Wolff, Étienne. "Traits de langue tardive et/ou vulgaire dans la poésie d'Ausone." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (September 25, 2020): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.5.
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SummaryAusonius' poetry is marked by a great deal of formal research, which takes five main aspects: metrical virtuosity, Latin-Greek bilingualism, centon, games on words, lexical elaboration. It is this last point that will hold our attention here. If the language of Ausonius is generally consistent with the classi- cal standards from the point of view of the syntax, it is not exactly the same for the lexicon. Ausonius sometimes uses late words and/or is influenced by the vulgar language. This characteristic of his language has been little studied and we must often resort to the old thesis of A. Delachaux. In this paper, we will review these late and/or vulgar words, to try to draw up a typology. We will then examine the sty- listic use that Ausonius makes of them, because, as a refined poet, he never chooses his words randomly. We will finally see if it is possible to infer some more general conclusions about the linguistic situation in Aquitania in the fourth century.
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Manczak, Witold. "József Herman, Vulgar Latin, translated by Roger Wright, The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pennsylvania, XIV+ 130 p." Linguistica 41, no. 1 (December 1, 2001): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.41.1.163-166.
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Selon l'auteur (p. 1), "the kind of language that must be taken to be the common origin for related words and similar phonetic and grammatical features in the Romance languages is often noticeably different from Classical Latin, as reflected in the works of Cicero or Virgil". Mais l'auteur passe sous silence le fait qu'en réalité, au sujet de l' origine des langues romanes, deux thèses s' affrontent, qui peuvent être représentées par les schémas suivants.
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Župarić, Drago, and Seada Brkan. "Odlike vulgarnog latiniteta u Egerijinom putopisu / Characteristics of Vulgar Latin in Itinerarium Egeriae." Journal of BATHINVS Association ACTA ILLYRICA / Godišnjak Udruženja BATHINVS ACTA ILLYRICA Online ISSN 2744-1318, no. 7 (December 28, 2023): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54524/2490-3930.2023.219.
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In this paper, a linguistic analysis of the Itinerarium Egeriae, one of the oldest documented Christian pilgrimages to the eastern Mediterranean, is presented. The aim of the work is to present characteristics related to Vulgar Latin. The linguistic analysis is focused on characteristics which are not in keeping with classical norms, in an attempt to describe certain changes with regard to Classical Latin and traditional grammar, which may cause difficulty for the reader. It is evident that the Itinerarium Egeriae is not characterized by ornate expression like the texts of classical writers, but it offers interesting, if sometimes confusing, deviations from classical norms. The paper is divided into two parts. In the first section Egeria, the purpose of the trip, the text, the author’s ability to observe, and her style aimed at spiritual instruction are presented. Egeria’s style of Latin are the subject of the second and main section of the work, which includes language, style, literary aspect and phonological, morphological, syntactic and lexical characteristics of travel writing.
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Jekl, Ágnes. "I prefissi verbali dal latino classico all'italiano: problemi di classificazione su base etimologica Il prefisso ad-." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (September 25, 2020): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.33.
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Summary:I examine verbal prefixation analyzing the functional changes of the Latin ad- prefix from Classical Latin to Italian. In order to conduct the research properly I needed to separate the verbs in ety- mological groups directly derived from Latin (Classical, Vulgar or Late Latin) from the verbs created in the Romance period and the Latin loan verbs. The different origin of the verbs influences our expectation regarding the analyzability of a given verb (the recognisability of the prefix as an independent element and its semantic value - which can be different from that of its Latin origin). This division is not as clear cut as it seems to be, because, in the case of the Italian, phonetic evidence in favour of one group or another is often missing. I present the possible solutions I found for the grouping problems using semantic evidence, comparison with the other Romance languages, dating of the given verb, etc. Furthermore, I highlight the general and specific factors which determine the assignment of a certain verb to a certain group in order to obtain a precise but still flexible set of verbal categories.
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Cabrillana, Concepción. "Definiteness strategies and word order in existential-locatives and locatives in Late and Vulgar Latin." Linguistica 47, no. 1 (December 31, 2007): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.47.1.49-64.
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§ 1.The parameters which began to undergo a profound change in Late Latin include the marking of definiteness and the gradual fixation of a different word order.1 These two phenomena are brought into connection by M.. Durante's observation (1981, 62) that article development2 is one of the main agents involved3 in the emergence of a fixed order of constituents. § 2. The two parameters are still subject to investigation. The discussion of definite ness markers focuses on how and when precisely the article appeared, but it has yielded contradictory conclusions: while some scholars acknowledge the existence of articles in Late and Vulgar Latin texts, such as Egeria's Peregrinatio,4 others deny it.5 Inaddition, there are some less extreme views arguing for an intermediate stage in the long evolution from demonstratives to articles in Late Latin texts.6The research on word order, especially in Late Latin, frequently focuses on the posi tion of the elements considered basic in the language;7 thus, generally speaking, almost everyone is agreed on the SOV > SV08 change, although an alternation of the two orders can be established for the Classical as well as for the Late period ([S]OV/[S]V0).9 § 3. With regard to Late and Vulgar Latin, however, there are only a few specialised papers dealing with potential historical changes in the position of the verbs which present special difficulties in the language, not only with their complex semantic content but also with their ability to form multiple constructions. 10 This is the case with the verb sum in structures expressing a semantic notion of location. The relationship between word order and definiteness in these structures has been examined by scholars attemptinging to explain the difference between the so-called 'locative' constructions (Loe) and 'existential-locatives' (ExL), 11 both containing the verb sum: while the former typically front the location-encoding term (p)with a definite subject, the latter display the opposite distinctive features (a S[-Def]12 appearing in the pS sequence).13
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Adamik, Béla. "13th International Colloquium on Vulgar and Late Latin. Latin vulgaire – latin tardif XIII (LVLT13). September 3–7, 2018, Faculty of Humanities of the Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (September 25, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.1.
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Kunčer, Dragana. "CIL III 9527 as Evidence of Spoken Latin in the Sixth-century Dalmatia." Acta Classica Universitatis Scientiarum Debreceniensis 56 (September 1, 2020): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22315/acd/2020/6.
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The epitaph of Priest Iohannes (CIL III 9527, Salona, August 13, 599 or AD 603) is one of the few inscriptions from the sixth-century Salona, which can be dated with precision. It is also one of the rare inscriptions from Dalmatia of this period, which mention a person (proconsul Marcellinus) known from other sources (Registrum epistularum of Pope Gregory the Great). However, its linguistic importance seems to be summarized in the remark of its most recent editor Nancy Gauthier (2010) that the language of the epitaph reflects the features of Latin spoken in Dalmatia at the time (“la langue vivante”). The aim of this paper was to check the plausibility of this statement by comparing the Vulgar Latin features in the inscription with the results of research on Latin in late Dalmatia. Also, a new interpretation of the word obsis l. 13 is proposed.
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Van Hoof, Henri. "Traduction biblique et genèse linguistique." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 36, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.36.1.05van.
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The article describes a number of situations where Bible translation resulted in the birth of new or the expansion of existing languages. Examples of the first category are the Gothic, Armenian and Russian languages, for which even specific alphabets had to be invented. To illustrate the second category reference is made to English and German, which, although they had already emerged as vulgar competitors of Latin as early as the XlVth century, were given a boost by the many Bible translations generated by the Reformation. Both in England and in Germany these translations helped to unify and shape the English and German tongues and to develop their literary qualities.
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Mari, Tommaso. "The Grammarian Consentius on Errors Concerning the Accent in Spoken Latin." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (September 25, 2020): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.54.
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Summary:The 5th-century Gaulish grammarian Consentius wrote an extensive treatise on errors in spoken Latin. In the Roman grammatical tradition, errors in single words are deemed to arise by means of the improper addition, removal, substitution, and misplacement of one of the constitutive elements of the word (letter, syllable, quantity, accent, and aspiration). Late grammarians assumed that the four catego- ries of change applied to accents too, but only Consentius provided an example for each of these cases. However, his discussion poses some problems. The examples of removal, substitution and misplacement of an accent all concern the word orator and present oddities such as a circumflex accent on the antepe- nultimate syllable; they were clearly made up for the sake of completeness and have no bearing on our understanding of Vulgar Latin. On the other hand, the example of addition of an accent is tríginta, with retraction of the accent on the antepenultimate syllable; this must be genuine and fits in well with current reconstructions of most Romance continuations of Latin triginta (Italian trenta, French trente, etc.) and other vigesimals (uiginti, quadraginta, etc.).
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Dascălu, Ioana-Rucsandra. "Les consonnes aspirées dans les textes latins tardifs." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (September 25, 2020): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.7.
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SummaryOur contribution to the Colloquium of Late and Vulgar Latin has been anticipated by previous interventions and articles written on that subject. We have been much helped by the online data of the projects PaLaFra and CoLaMer, which are offering a wide range of texts in late Latin, both historical and hagiographic.We found it hard to define aspirated consonants: they do not exist in modern languages (for instance in French), where they are called digrams or graphical groups or graphemes.In a corpus made up of late Latin texts, we have discovered words of various origins which contain aspirated consonants: the Hebrew ones are very numerous: pascha or proper names: Seth, Lamech, Iafet/Iaphet (Fredegar), Sabaoth (Passio Quirini). There are also Greek words borrowed by Latin: machi- natio, monachus, thesaurus, prophetess. The Merovingian texts (6th-8th centuries) are a real source of words containing aspirated consonants: the unadapted Frankish words of Pactus legis salicae, which occur together with latinized ones: Bothem, Rhenus, chranne. In Liber Historiae Francorum there are many names of persons and of populations which contain aspirated consonants: Chlodio, Merovechus, Childericus, Gothi. There are many hesitations in the transcription of the aspirated consonants in late Latin texts, therefore we consider our intervention a very useful one for latinists, for specialists of Old French and for romanists.
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Adamik, Tamás. "Vocabulary of Catullus’ Poems Hapax Legomena as Vulgar Words." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (September 25, 2020): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.28.
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Summary“There are 150 words in Catullus which occur once only in his writings, and of these more than 70 per cent are rare in the whole of Latin literature, and more than 90 per cent do not occur in Vergil at all” – writes J. Whatmough in his work Poetic, Scientific, and other Forms of Discourse, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1956, 41. It is necessary to distinguish between genuine and apparent once-words. The true once-word is a coinage that never recurs; the number of the true once-words is exceedingly small. Catullus’ once-words were well known, but not in writing. Theoretically one would expect such words to be polysyllabic; so are the comic jawbreakers of Aristophanes which fit the pattern of his verse so well. The hapax legomena of Catullus are not genuine once-words of the spoken language, but they are vulgar and in some contexte obscene. We can, therefore, regard them as taboo words. They occur sometimes in similes; cf. Poems 17, 23, 25, 97. In my paper I would like to analyse some vulgar hapax legomena of Catullus.
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Rovere, Serena. "Cenni intorno alla scripta friulana medievale e notizia dell’Inventarium Bitini." Ladinia 47 (2023): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54218/ladinia.47.273-286.
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In the case of Friuli, too, documents of practical use represent the source of greatest interest for the study of the ancient vernacular language. Their production increased between the second half of the 14th and the first half of the 15th century. It reflects specific sociolinguistic circumstances that saw opposition between Friulian and Latin being progressively replaced by opposition between Friulian and Tuscan-Venetian. This situation is reflected in the documents of the period. They oscillate between the interference of more or less influential alternative models and a more conscious and socially widespread practice of writing in Friulian, choosing it as the linguistic code in administrative and accounting documents. An example is the fruçon “fragment” which even on a preliminary level shows various elements of interest, not least of all the fact that it exhibits an intermediate language, semi-Latin or semi-vulgar. This can be attributed to the work of mediation of a sophisticated intermediary – the notary editor – who arranged the gramatica in order to make it comprehensible even to those less educated.
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A. Gaeng, Paul. "The extent to which inscriptional evidence may serve as a source of "vulgar," i.e. spoken Latin." Linguistica 32, no. 2 (December 1, 1992): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.32.2.19-29.
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"Itis incumbent on Romance scholars to analyze and interpret their exceptionally full stock of linguistic material, using all methods of study at their disposal, working both backward and forward in time. Only thus will Romance linguistics be enabled to do what others expect of it: to serve not only as an end in itself but as a model and training-ground for workers in all fields of historical linguistics." Thus wrote the American scholar, Robert A. Hall, jr. some forty years ago in an essay on the recon struction of Proto-Romance. 1 Indeed, the researcher into the history of the Romance languages is faced with, on the one hand, the schemes of reconstruction (essentially based on the principles of the historical comparative method) and the often puzzling testimonies of reality found in the sources. Put in other terms, he has the choice of working with an abstract system represented by starred Latin forms that do not belong to any real language or the reality of the mass of postclassical written records that have come down to us to be analyzed and sifted through with a view to discovering evidences of trends toward Romance in phonology, morpho-syntax, and vocabulary. And while there are, no doubt, materials whose meaning in terms of future evolution of the Romance languages is difficult, if not impossible to discover, there is an abun dance of those that prelude the future. It is the attention to the future that, I believe, can give reality and life to the large number of forms collected from inscriptions, late writers, and other sources of so-called "Vulgar", i. e. non-literary Latin.
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Szőke, Melinda. "Historical Toponomastics and the Study of Medieval Hungarian Forged Chartres: Chronological Layers of the Pécsvárad Abbey Founding Charter." Вопросы Ономастики 20, no. 1 (2023): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2023.20.1.003.
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Charters written in Latin containing vernacular toponyms represent important sources in the early history of European toponymic system. Besides authentic and original charters, there are numerous forged charters and charters that can be read only in later copies. The umbrella term used for such documents is charters with an uncertain chronological status. From the perspective of historical toponomastics and linguistics, we may suppose the existence of multiple chronological layers in such documents. The author uses the example of the Pécsvárad Abbey Charter to introduce a method for distinguishing these layers using the charter’s toponymic data and the methods of historical toponomastics. Primarily, it takes to identify possible chronological periods that can be reflected in the studied charter, followed by the subsequent linguistic analysis of the language forms attested in the document with a special focus on place names as the key elements of the charter’s content. The author emphasises two techniques of analysing toponymic materials of charters that can help clarify the chronological attribution of specific forms: the comparative analysis of the Latin naming constructions largely used in Hungarian medieval charters and displaying a distinct statistical pattern in their evolution, and the method of toponym reconstruction which consists in establishing the possible evolution of the toponym based on a variety of linguistic, historical and geographical data and language laws. The first method helps isolate parts of the text that can relate to a specific chronological layer, while the application of the second leads to outlining the relative chronology of the toponym change and thus to attributing its form attested in the charter to a particular period of time. Although the analysis relies on one single Hungarian charter, it has wider-ranging consequences and may be applied to other Latin medieval sources that include toponymic units in other “vulgar” languages.
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Badr, Amal. "The Impact of Digital Communication in Social Media on Linguistic Transformation in Egyptian Youths: A Study on the Impact of Gender on the Facebook Language." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 49, no. 5 (December 28, 2022): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v49i5.3456.
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This study aims at analyzing the relationship between gender and response patterns of the transformation in the social media platforms of the ideas, thoughts and information inside the youth groups on Facebook. This research is classified within the framework of descriptive research and depends on the survey and the comparative approaches as auxiliary methods. It uses a content analysis tool. The research sample is divided into two youth groups, whose content is analyzed on Facebook: the “Weird Life” group, distinguished by its diversity, and the group of "good bullies" from October to December 2020. Among the most important results at the level of common linguistic features between males and females, the research revealed that the language of young people on communication sites represents a mixture between verbal expression and visual expression tools. It also found out that young men of both sexes tend to employ vocabulary that is Arabized about the English language in many of their posts on social media, Some of them also use Latin letters and numbers in writing Arabic vocabulary. Moreover, young people in blogging and commenting tend to use vulgar vocabulary that does not take into account common values or traditions. As for the language used by young females, it is characterized by a tendency to use linguistic texts that are not accompanied by pictures or videos. Their language tends to employ the "Arabizi" method in writing Arabic vocabulary with Latin letters or numbers.
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Adamik, Béla. "Potential Greek influence on the Vulgar Latin sound change [b] > [β]: Dialectological evidence from inscriptions." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 57, no. 1 (March 2017): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2017.57.1.2.
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Ramirez-Barradas, Herlinda. "El corrido del narcotráfico como descendiente del folclor popular hispano / The drug trafficking ballad and its link to the Spanish popular poetry." TEJUELO. Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura. Educación 26 (July 25, 2017): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17398/1988-8430.26.143.
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Resumen: El artículo es una revisión de los corridos sobre el narcotráfico que en las últimas décadas han invadido el mercado nacional de México y algunas partes de Estados Unidos. En primer lugar se presenta dimensión sensacionalista de la poesía popular y, a partir de los estudios de Julio Caro Baroja. Después, se hacen conexiones entre el romance vulgar y los narcocorridos que, a pesar de los siglos que los separan, presentan una visión similar del delincuente común a quien el pueblo admira por sus despliegues de bravura y coraje. El rastreo permite concluir que el narcocorrido no surge como un fenómeno único, su existencia se debe a la relación que existe entre este nuevo subgénero y viejas expresiones poéticas populares.
Palabras clave: literatura latinoamericana; poesía; cultura popular; corrido
Abstract: The article is a review of the corridos on drug trafficking that States in recent decades have invaded the national market of Mexico and some parts of the United. First, it presents the sensationalist dimension of folk poetry, based on Julio Caro Baroja studies. Then, it makes connections between the romance vulgar and the narcocorrido that, despite the centuries that separate them, show a similar view of the common criminal, admired by the people for their displays of bravery and courage. The investigation allows concluding that the narcocorrido emerges not as a unique phenomenon; its existence is due to the relationship between this new sub-genre and old popular poetic expressions.
Keywords: latin american literature; ballad; folk culture; poetry
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Fort, Giovanni. "I germanismi nello spazio linguistico della penisola italica: superstrato prodotto dalla migrazione; ambito di analisi diacronica, diatopica, e stilistica; strumento per la didattica." Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies 10, no. 1 (November 7, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/bells.v10i1.1454.
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Germanic peoples appear strongly on the stage of history during late antiquity. With the advent of so-called “Barbarian Invasions” (or “folk migrations”, if the perspective is that of the invaders), raids by Germanic tribes gradually turn into migrations of ethnic groups settling in the areas they strike. With the fall of the Empire and the creation of Barbarian Kingdoms, this phenomenon leads to lasting effects on local languacultures. In the Italian peninsula, Goths, Langobards, and Franks, impacted the evolution of vulgar Latin, leaving visible traces in the Italian language.
The Germanic element of Italian vocabulary is represented by a multitude of toponyms and anthroponyms; it characterises specific lexical areas, and is observable in basic vocabulary and derivational morphology. These elements (systematically collected within the LEI project) are an extremely interesting object of study, on several levels.
In a diachronic perspective: analysing their presence at different stages, and as an instrument for dating.
In a diatopic perspective: as a criterion of dialectological analysis, also frequently linked to geosynonyms and so-called “parole bandiera”. (Besides also being a differentiating criterion between romance languages).
In a sociolinguistic and stylistic perspective: considering the value of a Latin or a Germanic equivalent, in context.
It is moreover ultimately relevant to consider an approach involving Germanic elements in Italian as an effective pedagogical tool. They can prove extremely useful, not only in educating about the history of the languaculture of the Italian peninsula, but also in teaching basic language-competence, and in the expansion of vocabulary, exploiting intercomprehension in learners with a Germanic mother tongue in general, and a Scandinavian one in particular (and vice versa).
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Velázquez-Mendoza, Omar. "Más sobre el enigmático origen de dieron." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 139, no. 1 (March 9, 2023): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2023-0003.
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Abstract This study attributes the enigmatic diphthong -ie- in Old Spanish dieron ‘they gave’ to a second (and later) phase in the development of this form from Latin dĕdērŭnt ‘they gave’. The earlier phase, I propose, involved regular sound change, namely, lenition and vocalic fusion. Thus, dĕdērŭnt > *de[ð]erunt > *de[Ø]eron > *deeron > *deron. I argue that one of the most (if not the single most) productive types of levelling in the history of the Spanish preterite endings, horizontal paradigmatic levelling, was at the root of the second (and final) phase of the development referred to above. The long-upheld belief that extraparadigmatic levelling and subsequent loss of internal -dē- (i.e., haplology) were the causes of the diphthong -ie- in Old Spanish dieron (i.e., Classical Latin dĕdḗrŭnt > Late/Vulgar Latin *dĕ́-dē-rŭnt > Old Spanish dieron) is challenged by the attestation of three non-haplological forms related to Latin dĕdērŭnt: deestes ‘you gave’ (< dĕdĭstĭs), deistis ‘you gave’ (< dĕdĭstĭs), and deerit ‘should s/he give’ (< dĕdĕrĭt). As these forms, which surface in the extant records of the Spanish and Portuguese High Middle Ages, retained the vowel of the second syllable, they could not have derived from haplology. Rather, given their internal vowel-to-vowel contact, i.e., -eØe- and -eØi-, respectively, they must have appeared due to lenition, i.e., loss of internal -d-: dĕdĭstĭs > deØestes, dĕdĭstĭs > deØistis, dĕdĕrĭt > deØerit. In contrast to the traditional view, then, this study proposes that, once regular sound change produced *deron in Old Spanish, stressed -ie- in dieron must have modeled itself after the diphthong of this form’s third-person singular counterpart, Old Spanish dio . In sum, the ultimate cause of the enigmatic diphthong -ie- in Old Spanish dieron is horizontal levelling in the direction third person singular (Old Spanish dio ) → third person plural (Old Spanish *deron > dieron), all within the paradigm of the preterite of dar ‘to give’.
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Adamik, Béla. "On the Loss of Final -m: Phonological or Morphosyntactic Change?*." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (September 25, 2020): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.11.
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SummaryThis paper intends to show that when grouping the various kinds of omissions of final -m in Väänänen‘s study on the Vulgar Latin of Pompeian inscriptions, the subcategories in his category b) (‘m omis sans raison apparente’ i.e. where -m is omitted due to a phonetic process) as “Accusatifs en -a(m)” like Succesus amat ancilla(m) and ad porta(m) Romana(m) or “Accusatifs en -e(m)” such as qu(a)e amas Felicione(m) and ante aede(m) must be rearranged in the following two subcategories: 1) cases after prepositions like ad porta(m) Romana(m) and ante aede(m) etc. where besides the phonetic interpretation a parallel morphosyntactic explanation of case confusion cannot be ruled out; and 2) cases with the objective use connected to verbs like Succesus amat ancilla(m) and qu(a)e amas Felicione(m) where, due to the preference of the phonetic interpretation, the morphosyntactic explanation seems to be less probable or even unlikely.
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Gomes, António Martins. "A DINAMIZAÇÃO POLÍTICO-RELIGIOSA DA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA NA IDADE MÉDIA * THE POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS ENHANCEMENT OF THE PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE IN THE MIDDLE AGES." História e Cultura 5, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.18223/hiscult.v5i2.1731.
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Resumo:Na Idade Média, a corte, necessitada de concentrar o poder, procura uma coesão linguística. Assim, o português arcaico torna-se um veículo de propaganda régia, em detrimento do latim, uma língua menos acessível ao leitor vulgar. Normas e disposições legislativas são emanadas em vernáculo para serem melhor entendidas por todos os membros do reino.Por sua vez, o teocentrismo, que legitima a relação medieval entre o trono e o altar, pode ser encontrado nos primórdios da prosa literária portuguesa. Pela sua finalidade parenética, entendida à luz da função civilizadora da Igreja, várias narrativas apologéticas são vertidas para o vernáculo para persuadirem o maior número de leitores a edificarem-se em termos éticos e morais.Palavras-chave: vernáculo, trono e altar, legislação, scriptorium, parénese. Abstract:In the Middle Ages, the Royal Court, in need to concentrate power, seeks out a linguistic cohesion. Thus, Old Portuguese becomes a means of royal propaganda, at the expense of Latin, a less accessible language to the common reader. Rules and laws are issued in vernacular, in order to be better understood by all members of the realm.In turn, theocentrism, by legitimizing the relationship between the throne and the altar, can be found in early Portuguese literary prose. For its paraenetical purpose, in the light of the Church’s civilizing role, several apologetic narratives are translated into vernacular, in order to persuade many readers to have an ethical and moral life.Keywords: vernacular, throne and altar, legislation, scriptorium, paraenesis.
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Stanojević, Slađana D. "IL PERCORSO EVOLUTIVO DEI TEMPI COMPOSTI CON L’AUSILIARE „AVERE“ NEI TESTI ITALIANI DEL XIII E DEL XIV SECOLO." Nasledje, Kragujevac XX, no. 54 (2023): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/naskg2354.201s.
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Complex changes actualized during the linguistic transformation of Vulgar Latin into modern Italian are often explained in terms of replacement of the synthetic structure of the former by the analytic form of the latter. Although defining any linguistic system as entirely analytic or synthetic could easily be deemed an oversimplification, it is reasonable to claim that the introduction of analytic structures into a system that had previously been void of them possesses the power to significantly modify the parameters of its morphosyntactic functioning. The genesis of innovative forms of Italian complex verb tenses has substantially transformed the primary aspects of phenomena such as word order and organization of clause constituents. This research aims to analyze the examples of complex tenses present in prose texts dating from the earliest developmental phase of the Italian system, in order to illustrate how the grammaticalization process which resulted in analytic verbal tenses influenced a wide array of changes in the Italian language system.
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González Vázquez, Araceli, and Montserrat Benítez Fernández. "British 18th-Century Orientalism and Arabic Dialectology." Historiographia Linguistica 43, no. 1-2 (June 24, 2016): 61–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.43.1-2.03gon.
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Summary This article examines a relatively unknown 18th century European source on Moroccan Arabic. It is the article entitled “Dialogues on the vulgar Arabick of Morocco”, published in London in 1797 by William Price (1771–1830), a self-taught linguist and orientalist from Worcester, England. Price’s work is one of the few European texts predating 1800 focused on Moroccan Arabic, and providing some information about this linguistic variety. As we explain, Price obtained these “Dialogues” from “some natives of Barbary”, who happened to be in London. In the first four sections of the article, we examine the life and works of William Price, we place his activities as an expert in Arabic and other of the so-called “Oriental languages” in the context of 18th century British Orientalism, and we analyse the contents of the “Dialogues” provided in his article. These “Dialogues” consist of a conversation between two interlocutors who are taking a stroll in a walled coastal town of the Moroccan Atlantic strip. The fifth section of our contribution is a linguistic dialectological analysis of both the Arabic and Latin character transcriptions of Moroccan Arabic provided by Price. We analyse different issues concerning the transcriptions given, and we focus our linguistic study on phonological, morphological and syntactical issues.
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Haffner, Ildikó. "A evolução da mesóclise." Acta Hispanica 14 (January 1, 2009): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/actahisp.2009.14.113-121.
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The aim of the paper is to give an overview of the development of mesoclisis, a peculiar area of pronominal clitic placement. Mesoclisis is a particular instance of enclisis (Verb-clitic) when a clitic is placed inside a morphological word, surfacing in between the verbal root and the inflectional suffixes. Mesoclisis only appears with future and conditional forms of the verb, clearly showing the origins of the inflexion, namely the Vulgar Latin auxiliary, habere. In most Romance language the analytic future and conditional became synthetic at an early stage and could not be divided by a constituent (clitic) but in Old Spanish and Portuguese mesoclisis was still a preferred option. It was also natural for both Spanish and Portuguese authors to use the mesoclitic form in the 16th century. With the explosive growth of proclisis (clitic-Verb) in Spanish, mesoclisis became gradually unused and disappeared, whereas Portuguese preserved this archaic structure and it is still in use if there is no triggering condition in the sentence (negation, wh question, adverbs, etc.) Today they are in complementary distribution with enclisis and well defined rules set their use, it is the morphology of the verb that defines the choice.
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Марцева, Татьяна Александровна, and Юрий Викторович Кобенко. "The History of the English Language Origin as a Clue to Understanding its Current Status." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 4(234) (July 18, 2024): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2024-4-75-83.
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В работе проводятся параллели между этапами исторического развития английского языка, формировавшегося в условиях многоязычия, и его статусом языка-макропосредника в современном мире. Исследование проводится при использовании двух ключевых методов: сравнительно-исторического, позволяющего проследить развитие английского языка в диахроническом разрезе и во взаимодействии с другими контактными идиомами, существовавшими в анизотропии языковой ситуации того времени, и диалектического, направленного на выделение таких контрадикторных направлений эволюции его языковой системы, как интеграция и дезинтеграция, стандартизация и индивидуализация, центризм и ацентризм. Эволюция подходов к периодизации английского языка (тевтонская группа – XVII–XVIII вв., англофризская группа – XIX в., западногерманская группа – XX в.) коренится в изменениях интралингвистического характера, обусловленных рядом экстралингвистических факторов. С одной стороны, островное расположение ареала зарождения языка, труднодоступность этих территорий и, следовательно, их изолированность, а с другой – привлекательность данных земель в связи с благоприятными условиями (мягкий климат, разнообразие ландшафта, флоры и фауны), христианизация, активные торговые отношения и, как следствие, константная полиглоссия языкового окружения (кельтские, германские, скандинавские диалекты, классическая и вульгарная латынь, разнообразные диалекты римских легионеров, французский язык) послужили фундаментом для появления у английского языка тех дистинктивных признаков, которые отличают его и по сей день: ацентризм, высокая степень подвижности лексического состава, значительный деривационный потенциал, стремление к экономии языковых средств и достаточно свободное обращение с языковыми нормами. Последнее качество связано в том числе с длительным отсутствием единого национального, политического и языкового центра в Британии, а также преимущественно маргинальным характером использования английского языка в устном общении. В работе отмечается необходимость дальнейшего исследования грамматической структуры английского языка на всем протяжении его эволюции с целью более глубокого понимания последствий влияния полиглоссной среды не только на его лексический состав, но и на статусную составляющую. The paper draws comparisons between the stages in the history of the English language developing in the multilingual environment and its status of a macromediator in the modern world. The research is based on two fundamental methods: the comparative historical method that assists in observing the development of English in the diachronic perspective and its co-existence with other languages in anisotropic linguistic situation of that time and the dialectical one directed at identifying such contradicting directions of the language system evolution as integration and disintegration, standardization and individualization, centrism and acentrism. The evolution of classifying English language origin (Teutonic group in the 17th and 18th centuries, Anglofrisian group in the 19th century and West Germanic group in the 20th century) is rooted in the changes of intralinguistic nature caused by a range of extralinguistic factors. On the one hand, island distribution of the language areal, hard accessibility of the territory, and therefore their isolation, and on the other hand, attractiveness of this land due to favorable conditions (mild climate, diverse landscape, rich flora and fauna), Christianization, active trade relationships leading to permanent polyglossia of linguistic environment (Celtic, Germanic, Scandinavian dialects, classical and vulgar Latin, various languages of Roman legionaries, French) were the reasons why the English language obtained and has maintained till the present time such peculiar distinctive properties as acentrism, high level of lexical mobility, substantial derivational potential, economy of linguistic means and rather free manipulations with language standards. The latter is also connected with long-term absence of the unified national, political and language center in Britain and mostly marginal usage of the language predominantly in the oral form. The authors also insist on the need to further look into the grammatical structure of the English language throughout its evolution in order to better understand the consequences of the polyglossian environment not only on its vocabulary but also the status constituent.
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de Melo, Wolfgang David Cirilo. "Latin vulgaire—Latin tardif, VII." Mnemosyne 60, no. 4 (2007): 680–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852507x195673.
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Watson, P. "Filiaster: Privignus or ‘Illegitimate Child’?" Classical Quarterly 39, no. 2 (December 1989): 536–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800037563.
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The term filiaster (fem. filiastra), though quite unknown in classical Latin literature, occurs with reasonable frequency in epitaphs from the 2nd century A.D. onwards. It is generally defined as the every-day equivalent of privignus/-a (= stepson, stepdaughter), and it is this Vulgar word which comes down into the Romance languages (e.g. Italian figliastro).
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Luisa Ardizzone, Maria. "“accipiendo vel compilando ab aliis”: De vulgari eloquentia 1.1. Reading Dante with Dante: A contribution to Dante’s theory of language." Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 55, no. 2 (July 26, 2021): 548–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00145858211022559.
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This article analyzes Dante’s theory of language and considers at first a few fragments of Dante’s Latin treatise on the vernacular, reading them in light of their ancient-medieval contexts. This reading allows part-modification of the critical discourse about Dante’s theory of language. The article argues that Dante’s discussion did not start in the De vulgari eloquentia, as is commonly assumed, but was at first introduced in the Vita nuova. Recent studies show that the theme of laude in the Vita nuova includes a linguistic theory and a discourse on the deep structures of language. Focussing on specific words, considering them in light of the ancient-medieval background, the article organizes a transverse reading that considers layers of Dante’s discourse on language from the Vita nuova to the Commedia not yet explored and evaluated.
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Alfayé Villa, Silvia, and Gonzalo Fontana Elboj. "Palabras para un envidioso: una nueva inscripción latina del África romana." Emerita 86, no. 1 (May 4, 2018): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/emerita.2018.09.1707.
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El propósito del presente trabajo es dar a conocer un epígrafe latino desconocido hasta la fecha. Se trata de un texto inciso sobre un clavo de bronce, hoy depositado en The Hunt Museum, Limerick (Irlanda). El epígrafe así como la propia pieza que le da soporte habían sido asignados a un contexto masónico o tabernario propios de época moderna. Sin embargo, consideramos que se trata de un texto mágico de carácter profiláctico procedente de la provincia romana de Africa, compuesto en latín vulgar y datable en los siglos IV-V d. C., y destinado a repeler a los envidiosos.
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Tekavčić, Pavao. "Maria Iliescu - Wagner Marxgut (eds), Latin vulgaire - Latin tardif III, Actes du Ill ème Colloque international sur le latin vulgaire et tardif (Innsbruck, 2-5 septembre 1991); Tübingen, Niemeyer, 1992; X + 368 pagine." Linguistica 34, no. 2 (December 1, 1994): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.34.2.142-147.
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Questo volume raccoglie gli Atti del IIIcolloquio internazionale sul latino volgare e tardo, organizzato dalla prima curatrice assieme ad un gruppo di altri studiosi dell'Università di Innsbruck. Ci sono trenta contributi (non ventinove, come detto alla p. IX), di cui quattordici in tedesco, dodici in francese e quattro in spagnolo. Gli autori si dedicano a tutto l'arco della latinità dalla Cena Trimalchionis ai testi dei secc. XVI-XVIII; quanto ai livelli linguistici, predominano il lessico e la semantica, ma non mancano nemmeno i livelli grafico, fonetico-fonologico e morfosintattico, nonché interessanti accenni alla pragmatica e ai problemi sociolinguistici e testuali. La maggioranza degli autori offre fatti nuovi e/o reinterpretazioni in chiave moderna di quanto già noto. A nostro avviso sono particolarmente interessanti i due contributi dedicati alla lingua dei documenti recentemente scoperti (numm. 9 e 23), mentre al polo opposto si trovano i contributi di carattere polemico (num. 24) o addirittura vere e proprie stroncature (num. 22). In seguito diamo i riassunti dei contributi, con le nostre osservazioni. La numerazione 1-30 è nostra.
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Mikkel, Annika. "Latin Accentual Clausula as Exemplified in 14th-Century Prose Texts by Dante and Boccaccio." Studia Metrica et Poetica 9, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 66–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/smp.2022.9.1.04.
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This paper studies 14th-century Latin prose rhythm as exemplified by Dante and Boccaccio. The texts observed in this analysis are samples from De Monarchia, De vulgari eloquentia, Quaestio de aqua et terra and Epistole by Dante and De mulieribus claris and De casibus virorum illustrium by Boccaccio. In ancient rhetoric, rhythmical units were used at the ends of sentences and clauses in prose texts. These units were called clausulae, and the rhythm of classical prose was based on the quantity of syllables. Medieval Latin prose rhythm, however, was based on word stress and was called cursus. The aim of this paper is to study what kinds of cursus occur in the given text samples and their frequency. The research method used in this paper is comparative-statistical analysis. The distribution of cursus in these samples is also analysed by chapters and different types of cursus are distinguished.