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Singh, SP, Z. Islam, LJ Brown, et al. "Ethnicity, detention and early intervention: reducing inequalities and improving outcomes for black and minority ethnic patients: the ENRICH programme, a mixed-methods study." Programme Grants for Applied Research 1, no. 3 (2013): 1–168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/pgfar01030.
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BackgroundBlack and minority ethnic (BME) service users experience adverse pathways into care. Ethnic differences are evident even at first-episode psychosis (FEP); therefore, contributory factors must operate before first presentation to psychiatric services. The ENRICH programme comprised three interlinked studies that aimed to understand ethnic and cultural determinants of help-seeking and pathways to care.Aims and objectivesStudy 1: to understand ethnic differences in pathways to care in FEP by exploring cultural determinants of illness recognition, attribution and help-seeking among different ethnic groups. Study 2: to evaluate the process of detention under the Mental Health Act (MHA) and determine predictors of detention. Study 3: to determine the appropriateness, accessibility and acceptability of generic early intervention services for different ethnic groups.MethodsStudy 1: We recruited a prospective cohort of FEP patients and their carers over a 2-year period and assessed the chronology of symptom emergence, attribution and help-seeking using semistructured tools: the Nottingham Onset Schedule (NOS), the Emerging Psychosis Attribution Schedule and the ENRICH Amended Encounter Form. A stratified subsample of user–carer NOS interviews was subjected to qualitative analyses. Study 2: Clinical and sociodemographic data including reasons for detention were collected for all MHA assessments conducted over 1 year (April 2009–March 2010). Five cases from each major ethnic group were randomly selected for a qualitative exploration of carer perceptions of the MHA assessment process, its outcomes and alternatives to detention. Study 3: Focus groups were conducted with service users, carers, health professionals, key stakeholders from voluntary sector and community groups, commissioners and representatives of spiritual care with regard to the question: ‘How appropriate and accessible are generic early intervention services for the specific ethnic and cultural needs of BME communities in Birmingham?’ResultsThere were no ethnic differences in duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and duration of untreated illness in FEP. DUP was not related to illness attribution; long DUP was associated with patients being young (< 18 years) and living alone. Black patients had a greater risk of MHA detention, more criminal justice involvement and more crisis presentations than white and Asian groups. Asian carers and users were most likely to attribute symptoms to faith-based or supernatural explanations and to seek help from faith organisations. Faith-based help-seeking, although offering comfort and meaning, also risked delaying access to medical care and in some cases also resulted in financial exploitation of this vulnerable group. The BME excess in MHA detentions was not because of ethnicity per se; the main predictors of detention were a diagnosis of mental illness, presence of risk and low level of social support. Early intervention services were perceived to be accessible, supportive, acceptable and culturally appropriate. There was no demand or perceived need for separate services for BME groups or for ethnic matching between users and clinicians.ConclusionsStatutory health-care organisations need to work closely with community groups to improve pathways to care for BME service users. Rather than universal public education campaigns, researchers need to develop and evaluate public awareness programmes that are specifically focused on BME groups.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Programme Grants for Applied Research programme.
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Mulholland, Helen, Jason C. McIntyre, Alina Haines-Delmont, Richard Whittington, Terence Comerford, and Rhiannon Corcoran. "Investigation to identify individual socioeconomic and health determinants of suicidal ideation using responses to a cross-sectional, community-based public health survey." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (2021): e035252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035252.
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ObjectivesTo address a gap in knowledge by simultaneously assessing a broad spectrum of individual socioeconomic and potential health determinants of suicidal ideation (SI) using validated measures in a large UK representative community sample.DesignIn this cross-sectional design, participants were recruited via random area probability sampling to participate in a comprehensive public health survey. The questionnaire examined demographic, health and socioeconomic factors. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify predictors of SI.SettingCommunity setting from high (n=20) and low (n=8) deprivation neighbourhoods across the North West of England, UK.Participants4319 people were recruited between August 2015 and January 2016. There were 809 participants from low-deprivation neighbourhoods and 3510 from high-deprivation neighbourhoods. The sample comprised 1854 (43%) men and 2465 (57%) women.Primary outcome measuresSI was the dependent variable which was assessed using item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 instrument.Results454 (11%) participants reported having SI within the last 2 weeks. Model 1 (excluding mental health variables) identified younger age, black and minority ethnic (BME) background, lower housing quality and current smoker status as key predictors of SI. Higher self-esteem, empathy and neighbourhood belonging, alcohol abstinence and having arthritis were protective against SI. Model 2 (including mental health variables) found depression and having cancer as key health predictors for SI, while identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer (LGBTQ) and BME were significant demographic predictors. Alcohol abstinence, having arthritis and higher empathy levels were protective against SI.ConclusionsThis study suggests that it could be useful to increase community support and sense of belonging using a public health approach for vulnerable groups (e.g. those with cancer) and peer support for people who identify as LGBTQ and/or BME. Also, interventions aimed at increasing empathic functioning may prove effective for reducing SI.
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Singh, Debashis. "Identity cards may exclude vulnerable groups from health care, says BMA." BMJ 329, no. 7461 (2004): 310.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.329.7461.310-c.
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Mayor, S. "Poor housing continues to adversely affect heath of vulnerable groups." BMJ 326, no. 7397 (2003): 1003b—1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7397.1003/b.
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Perkins, R., and N. Fisher. "Some ethnic groups may be more vulnerable to extremes of social deprivation." BMJ 310, no. 6975 (1995): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6975.332b.
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Yoo, Soonduck, and Jong-Sun Park. "The Influence of Information Acceptance on Information Use Performance in the Case of Vulnerable Classes." International Journal of Financial Research 10, no. 5 (2019): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v10n5p474.
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This study analyzed the effect of information acceptance on the information use performance for the vulnerable groups. The sample group was classified into general public group and vulnerable groups residing in Korea, and the vulnerable groups were divided into the disabled, the low - income group, the elderly group and the farmers. The characteristics of the vulnerable groups were selected by the competence level, use motive, and use attitudes and the correlation between each factor and use utilization was analyzed. In all groups, the use motive and the use attitude showed a strong positive correlation with the use performance of .682. In particular, the information use attitude and the information use performance were closely related. The correlation between the use attitude and use performance of the vulnerable groups were investigated in the order of lower grade (.695), farmers & fishermen (.688), elderly (.674), and disabled (.672). In conclusion, this study shows that if use attitude is high, use performance is high. Therefore, in order to expand the acceptance of information on vulnerable groups, various programs that can increase the use attitude of information should be introduced. Through this, it was found that the vulnera-ble groups could induce the use attitude of information and the satisfaction of the use performance, and ultimately the digital information divide could be reduced by improving the information acceptance of the vulnerable groups. This study has limitations in securing various contents of inquiry based on questionnaire survey. It is necessary to analyze various factors besides factors selected as environmental fac-tors of information acceptance as characteristics of vulnerable groups.
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Halvorsen, Rune, Bjørn Hvinden, and Mi Ah Schoyen. "The Nordic Welfare Model in the Twenty-First Century: The Bumble-Bee Still Flies!" Social Policy and Society 15, no. 1 (2015): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746415000135.
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The Nordic countries are admired for high employment, low levels of poverty and inequality, encompassing welfare states, and peaceful industrial relations. Yet the model is criticised for hampering the employment opportunities of vulnerable groups. The literature identifies several potential mechanisms of exclusion. Compressed wage structures may make employers reluctant to hire certain workers for fear that their productivity is too low to justify the cost. Second, generous benefits lower individuals’ incentive to work. Third, businesses increasingly specialise in high-skill activities. We explore these arguments comparatively by considering the employment chances of two vulnerable groups: disabled persons and migrants. The Nordic countries are compared with other rich democracies that take different approaches to social protection and wage dispersion. The Nordic countries do not perform systematically worse than other ‘varieties of capitalism’. In line with recent research, we also find that there is considerable intra-Nordic variation, which calls for further study.
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West, Emily, Pushpa Nair, Yolanda Barrado-Martin, et al. "Exploration of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with dementia and carers from black and minority ethnic groups." BMJ Open 11, no. 5 (2021): e050066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050066.
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IntroductionDespite community efforts to support and enable older and vulnerable people during the COVID-19 pandemic, many people with dementia and their family carers are still finding it difficult to adjust their daily living in light of the disruption that the pandemic has caused. There may be needs specific to black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) populations in these circumstances that remain thus far unexplored.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with dementia and their family carers of BAME backgrounds, in relation to their experiences of community dementia care and the impact on their daily lives.Design15 participants (persons with dementia and carers) were recruited for semistructured qualitative interviews. Respondents were of South Asian and Afro-Caribbean backgrounds. We used thematic analysis to analyse our data from a constructivist perspective, which emphasises the importance of multiple perspectives, contexts and values.ResultsThere were a number of ways that the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted BAME persons with dementia and carers with regard to their experiences of dementia community care and the impact on their everyday lives. In particular we identified eight key themes, with subthemes: fear and anxiety, food and eating (encompassing food shopping and eating patterns), isolation and identity, community and social relationships, adapting to COVID-19, social isolation and support structures, and medical interactions. Fear and anxiety formed an overarching theme that encompassed all others.DiscussionThis paper covers unique and underexplored topics in a COVID-19-vulnerable group. There is limited work with these groups in the UK and this is especially true in COVID-19. The results showed that such impacts were far-reaching and affected not only day-to-day concerns, but also care decisions with long-ranging consequences, and existential interests around fear, faith, death and identity.
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Gleeson, Helen, Karen Duke, and Betsy Thom. "Challenges to providing culturally sensitive drug interventions for black and Asian minority ethnic (BAME) groups within UK youth justice systems." Drugs and Alcohol Today 19, no. 3 (2019): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-11-2018-0068.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how substance use practitioners intervene with ethnically and culturally diverse groups of young people in contact with the youth justice system. Design/methodology/approach Telephone, face-to-face interviews and a focus group were conducted. Data were analysed thematically using a frame-reflective theoretical approach. Findings Practitioners tended to offer individualised interventions to young people in place of culturally specific approaches partly due to a lack of knowledge, training or understanding of diverse cultural needs, and for practical and resource reasons. Research limitations/implications Practitioners reject the official narrative of BAME youth in the justice system as dangerous and in need of control, viewing them instead as vulnerable and in need of support, but report they lack experience, and sufficient resources, in delivering interventions to diverse groups. Originality/value There is little information regarding how practitioners respond to diversity in their daily practice. This paper is an exploration of how diversity is framed and responded to in the context of youth substance use and criminal justice.
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Geyser, Leandra. "The Impact of Covid-19 on Food Security. A qualitative analysis of the rise in London’s existing food insecurity due to the financial impact of Covid-19." World Nutrition 12, no. 1 (2021): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26596/wn.202112140-50.
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Background: The lockdown, enforced by government to limit the spread of Covid-19, has resulted in economic standstill equating to decreased working hours, pay cuts and job losses which has caused an increase in food insecurity. In the latest global food security report, 3.4 million people in the UK alone were found to be moderately to severely food insecure. Since the lockdown began, 8 million people have reported food insecurity which disproportionately effects those most vulnerable. This study aims to determine who these vulnerable groups to food insecurity are in the UK and what needs to be done to facilitate positive change and minimise future inequalities.
 Methods: This observational quantitative study makes use of the Understanding Society Covid-19 survey data which forms part of a longstanding longitudinal study that has acted as a representative of all households within the UK since 2009. Access to raw data was granted by the UK Data Service and was analysed using the appropriate SPSS tests. The original sample was stratified to be representative of London, which then consisted of 1849 respondents. Selected questions relating to financial and food bank use were analysed using SPSS and compared between February (pre-lockdown) and April (post-lockdown).
 Results: Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) respondents and those not born in the UK had significantly less monthly income than their counterparts in February and remained significantly lower during the lockdown. These groups also had an increased dependency on foodbanks since the start of the pandemic.
 Conclusion: BAME communities and those not born in the UK are revealed to be the most vulnerable groups to food insecurity. The government has taken steps to mitigate the negative financial impact of the pandemic for some, yet many had to rely on non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to fill in the gaps. The current health crisis provides an opportunity for change and the UK government should act now to prevent many more becoming victims to food insecurity.
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Iqbal, Halima, Jane West, Melanie Haith-Cooper, and Rosemary R. C. McEachan. "A systematic review to identify research priority setting in Black and minority ethnic health and evaluate their processes." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (2021): e0251685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251685.
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Background Black, Asian and minority ethnic communities suffer from disproportionately poorer health than the general population. This issue has been recently exemplified by the large numbers of infection rates and deaths caused by covid-19 in BAME populations. Future research has the potential to improve health outcomes for these groups. High quality research priority setting is crucial to effectively consider the needs of the most vulnerable groups of the population. Objective The purpose of this systematic review is to identify existing research priority studies conducted for BAME health and to determine the extent to which they followed good practice principles for research priority setting. Method Included studies were identified by searching Medline, Cinnahl, PsychINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, as well as searches in grey literature. Search terms included “research priority setting”, “research prioritisation”, “research agenda”, “Black and minority ethnic”, “ethnic group”. Studies were included if they identified or elicited research priorities for BAME health and if they outlined a process of conducting a research prioritisation exercise. A checklist of Nine Common Themes of Good Practice in research priority setting was used as a methodological framework to evaluate the research priority processes of each study. Results Out of 1514 citations initially obtained, 17 studies were included in the final synthesis. Topic areas for their research prioritisation exercise included suicide prevention, knee surgery, mental health, preterm birth, and child obesity. Public and patient involvement was included in eleven studies. Methods of research prioritisation included workshops, Delphi techniques, surveys, focus groups and interviews. The quality of empirical evidence was diverse. None of the exercises followed all good practice principles as outlined in the checklist. Areas that were lacking in particular were: the lack of a comprehensive approach to guide the process; limited use of criteria to guide discussion around priorities; unequal or no representation from ethnic minorities, and poor evaluation of their own processes. Conclusions Research priority setting practices were found to mostly not follow good practice guidelines which aim to ensure rigour in priority setting activities and support the inclusion of BAME communities in establishing the research agenda. Research is unlikely to deliver useful findings that can support relevant research and positive change for BAME communities unless they fulfil areas of good practice such as inclusivity of key stakeholders’ input, planning for implementation of identified priorities, criteria for deciding on priorities, and evaluation of their processes in research priority setting.
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ROBERTS, K. E., and W. O. H. HUGHES. "Horizontal transmission of a parasite is influenced by infected host phenotype and density." Parasitology 142, no. 2 (2014): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182014001243.
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SUMMARYTransmission is a key determinant of parasite fitness, and understanding the dynamics of transmission is fundamental to the ecology and evolution of host–parasite interactions. Successful transmission is often reliant on contact between infected individuals and susceptible hosts. The social insects consist of aggregated groups of genetically similar hosts, making them particularly vulnerable to parasite transmission. Here we investigate how the ratio of infected to susceptible individuals impacts parasite transmission, using the honey bee, Apis mellifera and its microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae. We used 2 types of infected hosts found simultaneously in colonies; sterile female workers and sexual males. We found a higher ratio of infected to susceptible individuals in groups resulted in a greater proportion of susceptibles becoming infected, but this effect was non-linear and interestingly, the ratio also affected the spore production of infected individuals. The transmission level was much greater in an experiment where the infected individuals were drones than in an experiment where they were workers, suggesting drones may act as intracolonial ‘superspreaders’. Understanding the subtleties of transmission and how it is influenced by the phenotype of the infected/susceptible individuals is important for understanding pathogen transmission at population level, and for optimum targeting of parasite control strategies.
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Chevitarese, Alessia Barroso Lima Brito Campos, Ana Borges Coêlho Santos, and Camila Nascimento de Souza. "Jurisdição Constitucional como mecanismo de emancipação social: uma abordagem a partir de decisões da Corte Constitucional colombiana sobre direitos sociais." Revista da Faculdade de Direito, no. 42 (April 30, 2020): 124–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/0104-6594.84537.
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RESUMOO artigo tem por objetivo analisar a efetividade da jurisdição constitucional como mecanismo de emancipação social de determinados grupos a partir de decisões da Corte Constitucional colombiana. Nesse sentido, busca-se compreender a tutela dos direitos sociais, conforme o disposto na Constituição Colombiana de 1991, e os desafios de implementação dos direitos previstos, bem como o contexto de desenvolvimento de um protagonismo mais acentuado da Corte Constitucional colombiana. O estudo investiga se as progressistas decisões da citada Corte são capazes de modificar positivamente a situação social de grupos socialmente vulneráveis, com a finalidade de ponderar, nesse contexto, o papel da jurisdição constitucional na efetividade dos direitos sociais dos jurisdicionados.PALAVRAS-CHAVECorte Constitucional da Colômbia. Emancipação social. Efetividade dos direitos sociais. ABSTRACTThe article aims to analyze the effectiveness of judicial review as a mechanism of social emancipation of certain groups based on decisions of the Colombian Constitutional Court on social rights. In this sense, we seek to understand the protection of social rights, in accordance with the Colombian Constitution of 1991 and the challenges of implementing the rights envisaged, as well as the context of developing a more prominent role of the Colombian Constitutional Court. The study investigates whether if the progressive decisions of the aforementioned Court are capable of positively changing the social situation of socially vulnerable groups, in order to consider, in this context, the role of constitutional jurisdiction in the effectiveness of the social rights.KEYWORDSColombian Constitutional Court. Social emancipation. Effectiveness of social rights.
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Vinay, Rasita, Holger Baumann, and Nikola Biller-Andorno. "Ethics of ICU triage during COVID-19." British Medical Bulletin 138, no. 1 (2021): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldab009.
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Abstract Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has placed intensive care units (ICU) triage at the center of bioethical discussions. National and international triage guidelines emerged from professional and governmental bodies and have led to controversial discussions about which criteria—e.g. medical prognosis, age, life-expectancy or quality of life—are ethically acceptable. The paper presents the main points of agreement and disagreement in triage protocols and reviews the ethical debate surrounding them. Sources of data Published articles, news articles, book chapters, ICU triage guidelines set out by professional societies and health authorities. Areas of agreement Points of agreement in the guidelines that are widely supported by ethical arguments are (i) to avoid using a first come, first served policy or quality-adjusted life-years and (ii) to rely on medical prognosis, maximizing lives saved, justice as fairness and non-discrimination. Areas of controversy Points of disagreement in existing guidelines and the ethics literature more broadly regard the use of exclusion criteria, the role of life expectancy, the prioritization of healthcare workers and the reassessment of triage decisions. Growing points Improve outcome predictions, possibly aided by Artificial intelligence (AI); develop participatory approaches to drafting, assessing and revising triaging protocols; learn from experiences with implementation of guidelines with a view to continuously improve decision-making. Areas timely for developing research Examine the universality vs. context-dependence of triaging principles and criteria; empirically test the appropriateness of triaging guidelines, including impact on vulnerable groups and risk of discrimination; study the potential and challenges of AI for outcome and preference prediction and decision-support.
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Peng, Chao, Chong Guo, Zhanping You, et al. "The Effect of Waste Engine Oil and Waste Polyethylene on UV Aging Resistance of Asphalt." Polymers 12, no. 3 (2020): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030602.
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Waste engine oil (WEO) and waste polyethylene (WPE) are two common wastes, which are easy to pollute the environment. As the primary material in road construction, natural asphalt is a non-renewable energy source and asphalt is vulnerable to ultraviolet (UV) radiation during the service life. It results in degradation of asphalt pavement performance. In this paper, 2 wt % to 8 wt % of WEO and WPE were used to modify asphalts and the UV aging simulation experiment was carried out. The physical parameters of asphalts before the UV aging experiment show that the asphalt containing 4 wt % WPE and 6 wt % WEO mixture (4 wt % WPE + 6 wt % WEO) has similar physical properties with that of the matrix asphalt. Besides, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) verifies that the molecular weight distribution of the asphalt containing 4 wt % WPE + 6 wt % WEO is close to that of the matrix asphalt. The storage stability test shows that 4 wt % WPE + 6 wt % WEO has good compatibility with the matrix asphalt. The functional groups and micro-morphology of asphalts before and after the UV aging experiment were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). FTIR results display that 4 wt % WPE + 6 wt % WEO can effectively reduce the formation of carbonyl and sulfoxide functional groups. AFM shows that 4 wt % WPE + 6 wt % WEO can also retard the formation of a “bee-like” structure in asphalt after the UV aging experiment. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that WEO and WPE mixture can replace part of asphalt and improve the UV aging resistance of asphalt.
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Esposito, Fabiana, Ricardo Costa, and Mário Boieiro. "Foraging Behavior and Pollen Transport by Flower Visitors of the Madeira Island Endemic Echium candicans." Insects 12, no. 6 (2021): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12060488.
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The study of flower visitor behavior and pollen transport dynamics within and between plants can be of great importance, especially for threatened or rare plant species. In this work, we aim to assess the flower visitor assemblage of the Madeiran endemic Echium candicans and evaluate the performance of the most common visitors through the analysis of their foraging behavior and pollen loads. The flower visitor assemblage of E. candicans is diverse, including several insect groups and the endemic lizard Teira dugesii, but bees are the most common visitors. In general, large bees (Amegilla quadrifasciata, Apis mellifera, and Bombus spp.) had the highest average visitation rates (>18 flowers/min) and their pollen loads had higher percentages of homospecific pollen (>66%) when compared with butterflies and hoverflies. The honeybee (Apis mellifera) and two bumblebees (Bombus terrestris and B. ruderatus) were the most efficient flower visitors of E. candicans, but their foraging behavior seems to favor geitonogamy. Other visitors, such as butterflies and the small bee Lasioglossum wollastoni, may have a complementary role to the honeybee and bumblebee species, as their high mobility is associated with fewer flower visits on each plant and may promote xenogamy. Two non-native bees (A. mellifera and B. ruderatus) are important flower visitors of E. candicans and may contribute mostly to self-pollination rendering the endemic plant more vulnerable to inbreeding effects.
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De Sampaio Rodrigues Grazinoli Garrido, Fabiola, and Rodrigo Grazinoli Garrido. "Envolvendo estudantes de Direito em uma equipe multidisciplinar: ensino, pesquisa, extensão e responsabilidade social." Revista da Faculdade de Direito da UFG 42, no. 1 (2018): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v42i1.50096.
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Trabalhos desenvolvidos em equipes multidisciplinares devem ser rotina para os futuros egressos do curso de direito. O objetivo desse artigo é discutir algumas estratégias e planos de trabalho utilizados no Programa de Educação Tutorial Conexões de Saberes que envolve estudantes do curso de direito da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro no campus de Três Rios, interior do Rio de Janeiro. Nessa perspectiva, o engajamento dos estudantes em projetos do tem contribuído como um campo experimental para o desenvolvimento das habilidades necessárias aos bacharéis em direito, bem como para a percepção do papel social do futuro profissional. Desde 2014, a equipe desenvolve projetos que discutem a função da universidade junto à comunidade, abordando sobretudo questões relacionadas a grupos vulneráveis e a aspectos agroambientais.Palavras-chave: aprendizagem significativa; formação integradora; projetos na graduação.
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 Work performed in multidisciplinary teams should be routine for future graduates of the law courses. The aim of this paper is to discuss some strategies and work plans used in the Connections of Knowledge Tutorial Program that involves law students of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro on the campus of Três Rios, in the interior of Rio de Janeiro. In this perspective, students' engagement in projects has contributed as an experimental field for the development of the skills required by law graduates, as well as for the perception of the social role of the professional future. Since 2014, the team has developed projects that discuss the role of the university in the community, addressing issues related to vulnerable groups and agro-environmental aspects.
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Kutay Yüksel, Ö., G. Akdal, T. Alkın, and B. Dönmez Balcı. "A research on anxiety disorder prevalence and severity among vestibuler migraine and migraine patients." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1117.
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In this research, anxiety, depression symptoms and severity were compared between healthy controls (HC), vestibuler migraine (VM) and migraine patients without history of vertigo (MO).MethodThirty-five definite vestibuler migraine patients (according to Neuhauser criteria), 35 MO patients and 32 healthy controls were included. All patients were evaluated for their lifetime psychiatric disorders with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–IV/Clinical version (SCID-I/CV). All three groups evaluated by:– Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS);– State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), (STAI-X1) and the other trait anxiety STAI-X2);– Beck depression inventory (BDI);– Lifetime Panic Agoraphobic Spectrum Scale (PAS-SR);– Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PENN);– Separation Anxiety Symptoms Inventory (SASI);– Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (ASA).Psychiatric diagnosis history (SCID-I); comparison of VM and MO did not indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05). VM and MO patients were significantly different than HC in terms of anxiety symptoms in “HAM-A, PENN, ASA, PAS-SR and PAS-SR subscales (P < 0.05)”. VM was significantly different than MO patients in BDE and PAS-SR (overall; separation anxiety, agoraphobia, reassurance seeking) (P < 0.05). The longer the history of migraine the higher was the anxiety points in both in VM and MO patients (P < 0.05). Headache and vertigo severity in VM patients were significantly correlated with the elevated anxiety and depression points (P < 0.05).ConclusionVM and MO patients significantly different in anxiety and mood disorder when compared with healthy controls. Our findings showed that VM patients were more vulnerable to psychiatric disorders. For that reason, multidisciplinary approach for the treatment of VM may facilitate the treatment process.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Srivastava, Amita, Sharda Shah Peshin, Thomas Kaleekal, and Suresh Kumar Gupta. "An epidemiological study of poisoning cases reported to the National Poisons Information Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi." Human & Experimental Toxicology 24, no. 6 (2005): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327105ht527oa.
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A retrospective analysis of poisoning calls received by the National Poisons Information Centre showed a total of 2719 calls over a period of three years (April 1999-March 2002). The queries were made on poisoning management (92%) and information (8%) about various products and functioning of the centre. The data were analysed with respect to age, sex, mode and type of poisoning. The agents belonged to various groups: household products, agricultural pesticides, industrial chemicals, drugs, plants, animal bites and stings, miscellaneous and unknown groups respectively. The age ranged from less than 1 to 70 years, with the highest incidence in the range of 14-40 years, with males (57%) outnumbering females (43%). The most common mode of poisoning was suicidal (53%), followed by accidental (47%). The route of exposure was mainly oral (88%). Dermal (5%), inhalation and ocular exposure contributed 7% to the total. The highest incidence of poisoning was due to household agents (44.1%) followed by drugs (18.8%), agricultural pesticides (12.8%), industrial chemicals (8.9%), animals bites and stings (4.7%), plants (1.7%), unknown (2.9%) and miscellaneous groups (5.6%). Household products mainly comprised of pyrethroids, rodenticides, carbamates, phenyl, detergents, corrosives etc. Drugs implicated included benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, analgesics, antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, thyroid hormones and oral contraceptives. Among the agricultural pesticides, aluminium phosphide was the most commonly consumed followed by organochlorines, organophosphates, ethylene dibromide, herbicides and fungicides. Copper sulphate and nitrobenzene were common among industrial chemicals. The bites and stings group comprised of snake bites, scorpion, wasp and bee stings. Poisoning due to plants was low, but datura was the most commonly ingested. An alarming feature of the study was the high incidence of poisoning in children (36.5%). The age ranged from less than 1 to 18 years and the most vulnerable age group included children from less than 1 year to 6 years. Accidental mode was the most common (79.7%). Intentional attempts were also noticed (20.2%) in the age group above 12 years. The present data may not give an exact picture of the incidence of poisoning in India, but represents a trend in our country. The Poisons Information Centre plays a vital role in providing timely management guidelines including the supply of necessary antidotes from the recently established National Antidote Bank, thereby helping to save precious lives.
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Amarasinghe, U. A., L. Mutuwatte, L. Surinaidu, S. Anand, and S. K. Jain. "Reviving the Ganges Water Machine: why?" Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 9 (2015): 8727–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-8727-2015.
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Abstract. The Ganges River Basin may have a major pending water crisis. Although the basin has abundant surface water and groundwater resources, the seasonal monsoon causes a mismatch between supply and demand as well as flooding. Water availability and flood potential is high during the 3–4 months of the monsoon season. Yet, the highest demands occur during the 8–9 months of the non-monsoon period. Addressing this mismatch requires substantial additional storage for both flood reduction and improvements in water supply. Due to hydrogeological, environmental, and social constraints, expansion of surface storage in the Ganges River Basin is problematic. A range of interventions that focus more on the use of subsurface storage (SSS), and on the acceleration of surface–subsurface water exchange, have long been known as the "Ganges Water Machine". One approach for providing such SSS is through additional pumping prior to the onset of the monsoon season. An important necessary condition for creating such SSS is the degree of unmet water demand. This paper highlights that an unmet water demand ranging from 59 to 119 Bm3 exists under two different irrigation water use scenarios: (i) to increase Rabi and hot weather season irrigation to the entire irrigable area, and (ii) to provide Rabi and hot weather season irrigation to the entire cropped area. This paper shows that SSS can enhance water supply, and provide benefits for irrigation and other water use sectors. In addition, it can buffer the inherent variability in water supply and mitigate extreme flooding, especially in the downstream parts of the basin. It can also increase river flow during low-flow months via baseflow or enable the re-allocation of irrigation canal water. Importantly, SSS can mitigate the negative effects of both flooding and water scarcity in the same year, which often affects the most vulnerable segments of society – women and children, the poor and other disadvantaged social groups.
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Asmuth, Mallette M., Anna B. Halpern, Megan Othus, et al. "Interaction of Remission Status and Cause of Death in Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (2020): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-142730.
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BACKGROUND: Historically, causes of death for patients dying with active acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and those in remission have differed. However, it is unknown how changes in therapies and advances in supportive care have impacted death patterns and whether these differ for patients with active disease or those in morphologic remission (with or without measurable residual disease [MRD]) at the time of death. Here, we investigated the cause of death (COD) in AML patients and studied whether these differed for patients in morphologic remission with or without evidence of MRD. PATIENTS AND METHODS:We used an institutional database of adults with newly-diagnosed AML treated with intensive induction chemotherapy from 2006-2017 with either "7+3" (N=140) or cladribine, cytarabine, mitoxantrone and G-CSF ("CLAG-M", N=198). Primary COD, time of death (TOD) and clinical variables were abstracted from chart review. Disease status at TOD was determined by the patient's last bone marrow aspirate/biopsy (BMA) prior to death, unless complete blood count or autopsy clearly showed AML. Complete remission (CR), CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi), and relapse were defined per 2017 ELN criteria. MRD was determined by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) and cytogenetics on all BMA. All patients treated on clinical studies gave informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and were treated on Institutional Review Board-approved protocols. RESULTS: Characteristics of the 338 patients are shown in Table 1. With a median follow-up of 928 days, 187/338 (55%) patients died, 2 of which were excluded from subsequent analysis due to incomplete data. The remaining 185 patients were categorized into 3 groups based on disease status at TOD: remission (CR/CRi and MRD negative), MRD (CR/CRi and MRD positive), and relapse. There were 59 (32%) patients in remission, 13 of which had treatment following their last BMA; this treatment consisted of consolidation chemotherapy or transplant in 11/13 patients. There were 17 (9%) MRD patients and in 6/17 the response to last cycle of treatment was unknown. 109 (59%) of patients were in relapse at TOD, and 24/109 were without BMA assessment following last treatment. 36/59 (61%) remission patients underwent hematopoietic cell transplantation, compared to 5/17 (29%) and 42/109 (39%) in the MRD and relapse groups, respectively. Overall, the median survival from the start of initial induction treatment to death was 327 days, with 85/185 (45%) of patients dying within 60 days of their last treatment. Median time between last cycle of treatment and death was 136 days for the remission group, compared to 53 days in MRD and 50 days in relapse groups. Finally, we examined how COD varied by disease status at time of death (Table 2). Of patients dying with morphologic AML (N=109), AML was the most common COD (45%) followed by infection (33%), other (9%), and unknown (7%). For remission patients (N=59), infection was the predominant COD (56%) followed by unknown (17%) and transplant-related complications (12%). In MRD positive patients (N=17), AML was the COD in 1 patient (6%), infection occurred in 6 (35%), with unknown (29%) or other causes (18%) accounting for the remaining deaths. Notably, only 9 (5%) of patients underwent autopsy and of the 50 patients dying with AML as primary cause, the majority (32/50, 64%) died while on hospice and thus AML as primary cause was presumptive. CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort, the majority of deaths occurred within one year of starting induction chemotherapy, and most occurred in patients in active relapse. Only a minor subset of patients dying in morphologic remission had MRD, and COD of patients in the MRD group more closely reflected that of patients in remission. A substantial proportion of deaths occurred within 60 days of treatment, demonstrating that active treatment represents a particularly vulnerable period for patients regardless of disease status. Infection accounted for a substantial proportion of deaths for patients in all disease categories, and is likely undercounted in our study given the high proportion of relapse patients dying on hospice. Thus, despite advances in treatment, infection represents the most common cause of death in AML, highlighting the need for advances in diagnosis and treatment of infections to improve overall outcomes. Disclosures Halpern: Novartis: Other; Bayer: Other; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Other; Imago BioSciences: Other; Tolero Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding. Walter:Aptevo Therapeutics: Research Funding. Godwin:Pfizer Inc.: Research Funding; Immunogen Inc.: Research Funding.
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Katib, Atif Abdulhamid. "Research ethics challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic: what should and what should not be done." Journal of Ideas in Health 3, Special1 (2020): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.vol3.issspecial1.49.
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This article is directed primarily at how clinical trials can be ethically conducted in the midst of the current global COVID-19 pandemic. We explain why ethical issues are more complicated than they once were. Furthermore, we discuss the relevant parties` roles in protecting participants` rights and in keeping basic research ethics of justice, respect, equity, and beneficence strongly implemented on the ground.
 
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Júnior, Jobson Francisco Da Silva, Ronhely Pereira Severo, and Mirian De Albuquerque Aquino. "IMAGENS DE EXCLUSÃO DE NEGROS /AS EM PRODUÇÃO DE CONHECIMENTO NAS UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS.IMAGES OF EXCLUSION OF BLACKS IN KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION AT PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES." PontodeAcesso 7, no. 3 (2014): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/1981-6766rpa.v7i3.8175.
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RESUMO: Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a produção de conhecimento apresentada nos Anais de Encontros de Iniciação Científica da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) referentes ao período de 1998 a 2008. Os processos que envolvem a produção de conhecimento tornam-se objeto de interesse de pesquisadores /as da área da Ciência da Informação nas suas atividades de organização e disseminação da informação de toda a produção de conhecimento nas diversas áreas do saber. A metodologia utilizada é fundamentada na epistemologia dos Estudos Culturais cuja concepção é direcionada a visibilidade cultural dos mais diversos grupos sociais, articulada a abordagem qualitativa que responde a indagações inerentes as Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, tendo em vista que o direcionamento metodológico se preocupa com a (in) visibilidade de grupos socialmente vulneráveis. Consideramos o uso do método interpretativista para análise de dados, atrelado a abordagem discursiva ao percebermos que sujeito e contexto são indissociáveis aliados a historicidade e cultura que perpassa os construtos ideológicos das atividades discursivas geradoras desta interação. Concebendo a ciência como uma prática resultante do processo de interação dos sujeitos com os objetos físicos, históricos e culturais e outros sujeitos percebendo a relevância deste estudo no que se refere à abordagem da temática étnico-racial como contributo para a reconstrução do repertório cultural de forma a erradicar o preconceito, a discriminação e o racismo na produção de conhecimento, disseminado essa produção, promovendo reflexões acerca da urgência de atitudes sócio-governamentais de inclusão da população negra nos processos de desenvolvimento nacional bem como a consideração do contributo afrodescendente para a formação da identidade brasileira. 
 
 PALAVRAS-CHAVE: 
 
 IMAGES OF EXCLUSION OF BLACKS IN KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION AT PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES
 
 ABSTRACT: This article aims to analyze the knowledge production presented in the Annals of Meetings of Scientific Initiation from the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB) during the period from 1998 to 2008. The processes involved in the knowledge production have become an interest object for researchers from the Information Science area, in their activities of organization and dissemination of information throughout the knowledge production in the various fields of knowledge. The methodology is based on the Cultural Studies’ epistemology which conception concerns to cultural visibility of many social groups, added to qualitative approach that replies questions inherent to Applied Social Sciences, considering that the methodological procedure concerns about the (in)visibility of socially vulnerable groups. It considers the use of interpretativist method for data analyses, associated to discursive approach, since we realize that subject and context are inseparable historicity and culture allies that permeates the ideological constructs of discursive activities generating of this interaction. It conceives science as a practice resulting from the interactive process between individuals with historical and cultural physical objects with other subjects, and it perceives the relevance of this study in relation to the approach of ethno-racial thematic as a contribution to the reconstruction of the cultural repertoire in order to eradicate prejudice, discrimination and racism on knowledge production, as well as disseminating this production, promoting reflections on the urgency of social-governmental attitudes of black people inclusion in the national development processes considering the afro-descendant contribution to brazilian identity formation.
 
 KEYWORDS: Knowledge Production. Images of exclusion of Blacks. Public Universities. Memory of Science.
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Jacomini de Souza, Simoni, and Karina Barreto da Silva. "DE QUEM É A RESPONSABILIDADE PELO FRACASSO ESCOLAR?" POLÊM!CA 18, no. 3 (2018): 054–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/polemica.2018.39423.
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Resumo: O presente estudo se constitui de uma reflexão sobre o percurso desenvolvido por professores e alunos de cinco turmas do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental de BH, no ano de 2017. A partir da discussão dos processos avaliativos e estratégias pedagógicas desenvolvidas pelos professores, buscou-se problematizar o trabalho escolar efetivamente realizado, tendo em vista a necessidade de identificar aspectos que incidem sobre a qualidade do processo educativo. Foi feita a análise dos parâmetros de aprovação e reprovação adotados pelos professores, bem como dos elementos que subsidiaram a decisão do Colegiado Escolar sobre o futuro escolar dos alunos selecionados, confrontando-os com as observações da equipe de coordenação pedagógica. Fundamentando-se nas contribuições de Bernard Charlot, Miguel Arroyo e Maria Helena Souza Patto sobre o fracasso escolar e nas discussões desenvolvidas por Cipriano Luckesi, Philippe Perrenoud e Edgar Morin acerca dos processos de avaliação escolar e da complexidade do processo educativo, espera-se despertar inquietações e explicitar os limites das diferenças ideológicas percebidas no trabalho educativo e contribuir para a construção de uma proposta de trabalho que explicite as diferenças e se comprometa profundamente com a reflexão crítica sobre a própria prática. Os resultados demonstram que a prática profissional ainda está calcada em vícios históricos e culturais que excluem os segmentos mais vulnerabilizados da sociedade e denunciam a irracionalidade de um sistema excludente, classificador, opressor e individualista, contrapondo-se ao discurso da universalização do ensino e do direito a uma educação pública de qualidade.Palavras-chave: Avaliação escolar. Complexidade. Prática profissional.Abstract: The present study consists of a reflection on the course developed by teachers and students of five groups of the 6th grade of BH Elementary School in the year 2017. From the discussion of the evaluation processes and pedagogical strategies developed by the teachers, to problematize the adequacy of the school work effectively carried out, considering the need to identify aspects that affect the quality of the educational process. The analysis of the approval and disapproval parameters adopted by the teachers, as well as the elements that subsidized the decision of the School Collegiate about the students' school future, were compared with the observations of the pedagogical coordination team. Based on the contributions of Bernard Charlot, Miguel Arroyo and Maria Helena Souza Patto on school failure and in the discussions developed by Cipriano Luckesi, Philippe Perrenoud and Edgar Morin on school evaluation processes and the complexity of the educational process, it is expected to arouse uneasiness and to explain the limits of the ideological differences perceived in the educational work and to contribute to the construction of a proposal of work that explains the differences and is deeply committed to the critical reflection on the practice itself. The results show that professional practice is still based on historical and cultural vices that exclude the most vulnerable segments of society and denounce the irrationality of an exclusionary, classifying, oppressive and individualistic system, in opposition to the discourse of universalization of education and law to a quality public educationKeywords: School evaluation. Complexity. Practice.
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Anjali, Anjali, and Manisha Sabharwal. "Perceived Barriers of Young Adults for Participation in Physical Activity." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 6, no. 2 (2018): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.6.2.18.
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This study aimed to explore the perceived barriers to physical activity among college students Study Design: Qualitative research design Eight focus group discussions on 67 college students aged 18-24 years (48 females, 19 males) was conducted on College premises. Data were analysed using inductive approach. Participants identified a number of obstacles to physical activity. Perceived barriers emerged from the analysis of the data addressed the different dimensions of the socio-ecological framework. The result indicated that the young adults perceived substantial amount of personal, social and environmental factors as barriers such as time constraint, tiredness, stress, family control, safety issues and much more. Understanding the barriers and overcoming the barriers at this stage will be valuable. Health professionals and researchers can use this information to design and implement interventions, strategies and policies to promote the participation in physical activity. This further can help the students to deal with those barriers and can help to instil the habit of regular physical activity in the later adult years.
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Wignall, Veronica R., Matthew Brolly, Cassandra Uthoff, et al. "Exploitative competition and displacement mediated by eusocial bees: experimental evidence in a wild pollinator community." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 74, no. 12 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-020-02924-y.
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Abstract Eusocial bees are likely to be ecologically important competitors for floral resources, although competitive effects can be difficult to quantify in wild pollinator communities. To investigate this, we excluded honeybees (HBE treatment), bumblebees (BBE) or both (HB&BBE) from wild-growing patches of bramble, Rubus fruticosus L. agg., flowers in two eight-day field trials at separate locations, with complementary mapping of per-site local floral resource availability. Exclusions increased per-flower volume of nectar and visitation rates of non-excluded bees, compared to control patches with no bee exclusions (CON). There was a large increase in average nectar standing crop volume both at Site 1 (+ 172%) and Site 2 (+ 137%) in HB&BBE patch flowers, and no significant change in HBE or BBE, compared to CON patches. Foraging bee responses to exclusion treatments were more pronounced at Site 2, which may be due to lower local floral resource availability, since this is likely to increase the degree of exploitative competition present. Notably, at Site 2, there was a 447% increase in larger-bodied solitary (non-Apis/Bombus) bees visiting HB&BBE patches, suggesting ecological release from competition. Hoverflies showed no response to bee removals. Numbers of other non-bee insect groups were very small and also showed no clear response to exclusions. Our findings reveal patterns of competitive exclusion between pollinator groups, mediated by resource depletion by eusocial bees. Possible long-term implications of displacement from preferred flowers, particularly where alternative forage is reduced, are discussed. Significance statement Understanding patterns of exploitative competition and displacement is necessary for pollinator conservation, particularly for vulnerable or threatened species. In this research, experimental methods reveal underlying patterns of resource competition exerted by eusocial bees in a wild pollinator community. We show that honeybees and bumblebees competitively displace each other and particularly solitary (non-Apis/Bombus) bees from bramble, an important native nectar and pollen source. Effects were stronger where local floral resource availability was identified to be limited. Notably, following experimental exclusion of both honey- and bumblebees from flowers, visitation by solitary bees increased by up to 447%, strongly suggesting ecological release from competition. These results highlight the need for informed landscape management for pollinator wellbeing, including appropriate honeybee stocking densities and improved floral resource availability.
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Cleaton, Natasha, and James Bateman. "O20 Initial impact of COVID-19 on health-related quality of life in patients with rheumatic diseases from an evaluation of 1,727 patients: BAME and female patients are at higher risk." Rheumatology 60, Supplement_1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keab246.019.
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Abstract Background/Aims The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with significant levels of psychological distress, affecting both those with and without the COVID infection. In the general population, COVID-19 has most notably affected those who are female, in younger age groups, black Asian and ethnic minority groups (BAME). A significant proportion of rheumatology patients are ‘clinically extremely vulnerable’, classed as high-risk of COVID under current national guidance. While it is recognised that extra precautionary measures in this group, such as stringent social distancing (shielding), adversely impacts these patients mental health, other risk factors, for patients with rheumatic disease whose health related quality of life (HRQoL) scores are most impacted, have not being explored. In our large cohort of rheumatology patients under secondary care follow up at the Royal Wolverhampton Trust we assessed HRQoL scores at the 4-week point following the introduction of lockdown measures. Methods We distributed a web-based survey via a linked mobile-phone SMS message, to all rheumatology patients, with a validated mobile number, under follow-up at the Royal Wolverhampton Trust. We assessed patient’s HRQoL by Short Form-12 version 2 (SF12); data were analysed using SPSS version 26. Results There were 7,911 active follow up patients with linked mobile numbers. Survey responses were received from 1,828/7,911 (23%) and of these 1,727 completed all aspects of the SF12. Responders were mostly white British 1,711/1828 (94%) and female 1,276 (70%); inflammatory arthritis was the predominant diagnosis (1,275, 70%). 858 (47%) were at high-risk of COVID (advised to follow shielding guidance) and 72 (4%) reported having suffered COVID-19 infection. Mental SF-12 (MCS) component scores were significantly lower in: COVID vs non-COVID patients (mean differences: -3.8, P &lt; 0.001); BAME vs Caucasian patients (-1.5, P = 0.04); Females vs Males (-1.3, P = 0.001). Importantly, there were no differences in physical component scores (PCS) in these groups. Patients considered at high risk of COVID had lower MCS (-2.1) and PCS (-3.1) (both P &lt; 0.001). Older patients had lower PCS (-2.7, P &lt; 0.001) but not MCS. Conclusion We found significantly worse mental health scores in female patients, BAME patients and those patients that had suffered the COVID infection. Clinically extremely vulnerable patients had worse mental and physical health scores. There was no significant difference in mental health scores between patients in different ages groups, while, as might be expected, physical health scores were significantly worse in the older age groups. These data indicate a focus on adverse psychological consequences in specific patient groups may be required for future increases in COVID infection rates. Further work on the evolving pattern of psychological responses to the pandemic in rheumatic disease is required. Disclosure N. Cleaton: None. J. Bateman: None.
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Treanore, Erin, and Etya Amsalem. "The effect of intrinsic physiological traits on diapause survival and their underlying mechanisms in an annual bee species Bombus impatiens." Conservation Physiology 8, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coaa103.
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Abstract In the face of insect declines, identifying phases of the life cycle when insects are particularly vulnerable to mortality is critical to conservation efforts. For numerous annual insect groups, diapause is both a key adaptation that allows survival of inhospitable conditions and a physiologically demanding life stage that can result in high rates of mortality. As bees continue to garner attention as a group experiencing high rates of decline, improving our understanding of how annual bees prepare for diapause and identifying factors that reduce survival is imperative. Here, we studied factors affecting diapause survival length and their underlying mechanisms using an economically and ecologically important annual bee species, Bombus impatiens. We examined how age and mass upon diapause onset correlate with diapause survival length, and the mechanistic role of nutrient acquisition and oxidative stress post pupal eclosion in mediating these effects. Our findings show that both age and mass were strong predictors of diapause survival length. Heavier queens or queens in the age range of ~6–17 days survived longer in diapause. Mass gain was attributed to increases in lipid, protein and glycerol amounts following pupal eclosion, and the ability to deal with oxidative stress was significantly compromised in older pre-diapause queens. Our results demonstrate that age-related shifts in bee physiology and timing of nutrient acquisition may both be critical factors driving diapause survival.
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"Clinical and social characteristics of first detected respiratory tuberculosis in women." Медицинский Альянс 9, no. 1 (2021): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36422/23076348-2021-9-1-29-34.
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The article presents the results of a study of the socio- demographic and clinical features of the development of newly diagnosed respiratory tuberculosis in women, the frequency of tuberculosis-associated diseases in dif- ferent age groups, the effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis therapy and adverse side reactions. The results of the study showed a high incidence of respiratory tuberculo- sis among women of reproductive age, especially among the socially vulnerable group, in whom the tuberculosis process is accompanied by destructive changes in the lungs, massive bacterial shedding and drug resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs. Severe comorbidities have been revealed, especially HIV infection, that lead adverse side reactions during treatment. In young women in 37.5% of cases and in 41.6% in the older age group, tuberculosis was accompanied by several diseases, which made it dif- ficult to conduct anti-tuberculosis therapy and reduced its qua lity. Women of reproductive age up to 35 years old made up 30.5% of all patients, 44.8% of them had chil- dren. The majority of women (64.6%) of working age do not have a permanent job, and 12.7% do not work at all. For socially vulnerable women, low adherence to treat- ment is characteristic, which forms the preconditions for the chronicity of the tuberculosis process and unfavora- ble prognosis in the course of respiratory tuberculosis and affects the epidemiological situation, especially in relation to families and children in contact with a patient who sheds mycobacterium tuberculosis, all the more so drug resistant strains. The problem of respiratory tuber- culosis in wo men is important in modern socio-economic conditions, healthy lifestyle is to be actively promoted in secondary schools.
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Tender, Tenzin, Rakesh Ravishankar Rahangdale, Sridevi Balireddy, Madhavan Nampoothiri, K. Krishna Sharma, and Hariharapura Raghu Chandrashekar. "Melittin, a honeybee venom derived peptide for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy." Medical Oncology 38, no. 5 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12032-021-01496-9.
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AbstractChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is the most prevalent neurological complication of cancer treatment which involves sensory and motor nerve dysfunction. Severe CIPN has been reported in around 5% of patients treated with single and up to 38% of patients treated with multiple chemotherapeutic agents. Present medications available for CIPN are the use of opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, and tricyclic antidepressants, which are only marginally effective in treating neuropathic symptoms. In reality, symptom reappears after these drugs are discontinued. The pathogenesis of CIPN has not been sufficiently recognized and methods for the prevention and treatment of CIPN remain vulnerable to therapeutic problems. It has witnessed that the present medicines available for the disease offer only symptomatic relief for the short term and have severe adverse side effects. There is no standard treatment protocol for preventing, reducing, and treating CIPN. Therefore, there is a need to develop curative therapy that can be used to treat this complication. Melittin is the main pharmacological active constituent of honeybee venom and has therapeutic values including in chemotherapeutic-induced peripheral neuropathy. It has been shown that melittin and whole honey bee venom are effective in treating paclitaxel and oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. The use of melittin against peripheral neuropathy caused by chemotherapy has been limited despite having strong therapeutic efficacy against the disease. Melittin mediated haemolysis is the key reason to restrict its use. In our study, it is found that α-Crystallin (an eye lens protein) is capable of inhibiting melittin-induced haemolysis which gives hope of using an appropriate combination of melittin and α-Crystallin in the treatment of CIPN. The review summarizes the efforts made by different research groups to address the concern with melittin in the treatment of chemotherapeutic-induced neuropathy. It also focuses on the possible approaches to overcome melittin-induced haemolysis.Graphic Abstract
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Ranhoff, Anette Hylen. "Eldre personer er sårbare i ekstreme værsituasjoner." Norsk Epidemiologi 14, no. 2 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/nje.v14i2.244.
Full textAbstract:
<span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><p align="left">I fjor sommer ble Europa rammet av en hetebølge og tusenvis av eldre mennesker døde. Sammenhengen mellom helsetilstand og påvirkning av klima er kompleks og medisinske, sosiale og miljømessige faktorer er involvert. Imidlertid er hete- og kulderelaterte sykdommer, skade og død i høy grad mulig å forebygge, og det er behov for å analysere denne situasjonen og andre ekstreme værsituasjoner for å kunne sikre helsen til eldre personer ved liknede hendelser i fremtiden. Artikkelen gir en oversikt over litteratur som omhandler sykelighet og dødelighet som følge av ekstreme værforhold: hete, kulde og situasjoner der transport, elektrisitet og andre leveranser er begrenset, som etter en orkan, enorme snøfall eller liknende. Sammenhenger mellom sykelighet, dødelighet og temperatur i alminnelighet bli også omtalt, med spesielt fokus på de eldre. </p><p align="left">Eldre som lever alene og er sosialt isolerte, og spesielt de som har funksjonshemning eller kognitiv svikt har høyest risiko for sykdom, skade og død i ekstreme værsituasjoner. Dette kan trolig i stor grad forebygges. Det anbefales at alle kommuner har kriseplaner for naturkatastrofer og ekstreme værsituasjoner som spesielt inneholder tiltak rettet mot sårbare eldre. Planene bør inneholde generell alarmering og informasjon samt systemer for oppsøkende virksomhet overfor risikogrupper.</p><p align="left"> </p><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><p>The 2003 heat wave in Europe was responsible for the deaths of thousands of elderly people. Heat- and cold-related illnesses, injuries and deaths are supposed to be largely preventable, and it is a need for analysing this situation and other situations with extreme weather conditions where elderly people are believed to be particularly vulnerable</p><p>This article is a review of the literature concerning morbidity and mortality in extreme weather conditions like heat, cold and situations where transportation, electricity, and other supplies are limited as a consequence of extreme weather such as after a hurricane or an enormous snowfall. Associations between mortality, morbidity and temperature in general are also discussed with focus on the elderly population<strong>. </strong>after a hurricane or an enormous snowfall. The frailest elderly are at the highest risk. In situati The elderly are at high risk for illnesses, injuries and death in extreme weather conditions. There are numerous reports from heat waves, but also cold-related problems are well documented. Other risk factors are disability, cognitive impairment, chronic disease, the use of special drugs and social isolation. Many risk factors are common for heat-, and cold-related problems, and also for other situations like<strong> </strong>ons with extreme weather conditions, we recommend local and central authorities to have emergency plans with special adaptations to the needs of elderly people and other vulnerable groups. These plans should include general warning and information and systems for preventive visits to high-risk groups.</p>. </span></span></span></span>