Journal articles: 'Vulnerable narcissism'

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Hart, William, Kyle Richardson, and Gregory K. Tortoriello. "Narcissists Stand United." Journal of Individual Differences 39, no. 4 (October 2018): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000265.

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Abstract. Previous research suggests narcissists (vs. non-narcissists) may perceive grandiose narcissism as a less dislikeable trait in others. However, previous research has only addressed this phenomenon from the perspective of a grandiose narcissistic perceiver and not from the perspective of a vulnerable narcissistic perceiver, thus limiting understanding of whether the phenomenon unites or distinguishes between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism forms. The current study examined this phenomenon from the perspective of vulnerable and grandiose narcissistic perceivers. Participants indicated liking judgments of actors behaving in a way consistent with grandiose narcissism (narcissistically) or non-narcissistically and their attitudes toward the category “narcissists.” Although participants indicated less liking for the narcissistic (vs. non-narcissistic) actor, this relative disliking for narcissists was reduced as a function of perceiver grandiose and vulnerable narcissism; furthermore, perceiver grandiose and vulnerable narcissism each related to more positive attitudes toward “narcissists.”

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Poless, Pauline Georgees, Linda Torstveit, Ricardo Gregorio Lugo, Marita Andreassen, and Stefan Sütterlin. "Guilt and proneness to shame: Unethical behaviour in vulnerable and grandiose narcissism." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 14, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v14i1.1355.

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Narcissists are described as individuals with dysfunctional personality traits such as lack of psychological awareness and empathy. Theories of ethical behaviour assume that unethical actions trigger moral emotions of guilt and shame. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge on moral emotions as dispositional traits and their potential influences on behaviour in individuals with narcissistic traits. The present study examined vulnerable and grandiose narcissism’s differences in the propensity to experience guilt and shame as a proneness, across a range of personal transgressions. Guilt proneness was measured by negative evaluation of unethical behaviour, and whether this evaluation could influence reparation of tendencies of unethical action in vulnerable and grandiose narcissism. Shame proneness was investigated by negative evaluation of the self, and then whether the previous tendency could affect unethical decision making and behaviour (e.g., hiding), in vulnerable and grandiose narcissism. Two hundred and sixteen participants responded to the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory Scale and the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale in an online questionnaire. Findings indicate that grandiose narcissism was negatively associated with guilt proneness, and the relation between the vulnerable narcissism and guilt proneness was negative. Additionally, the results confirm a negative association between grandiose narcissism and shame proneness, especially related to the subscale ‘shame negative self-evaluation’. Furthermore, guilt and shame proneness explained 20% of the variance in vulnerable narcissism and 11% in grandiose narcissism. This research indicates that both vulnerable and grandiose narcissism have the tendency to make unethical decisions, and they are more likely to enact in unethical behaviour. These findings are relevant for the detection of narcissistic individual’s propensity to act unethically in social context.

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Feng, Chunliang, Yuling Liang, Hui Zhou, and Li Yi. "Two Faces of Narcissism and Romantic Attraction: Evidence from a Collectivistic Culture." Psychological Reports 111, no. 1 (August 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/09.02.20.pr0.111.4.1-12.

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The present study was aimed to extend the self-orientation model (Campbell, 1999) to vulnerable narcissism in a collectivistic culture. Two hundred and twenty-seven college students were recruited from China. Participants reported their ratings on measures of vulnerable and grandiose narcissism, attractions to different (caring vs perfect) targets, and their choices of potential romantic partners. Results indicated that those participants classified as grandiose or vulnerable narcissists were more attracted to perfect targets than non-narcissists. In addition, grandiose narcissists preferred to choose perfect targets as their romantic partners, while vulnerable narcissists did not show such a preference when choosing potential partners. These results suggested that culture could influence the function of narcissism. The self-orientation model could not fully explain the choices of vulnerable narcissists.

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Hart, William, Gregory K. Tortoriello, Kyle Richardson, and John Adams. "“S/he’s Taken”." Journal of Individual Differences 39, no. 4 (October 2018): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000266.

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Abstract. Narcissists’ threat reactivity can be differentiated into cognitive, emotional, and tactical-behavioral responses, and these dimensions of reactivity are presumed to vary as a function of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. The present research applied this conceptual model to situations involving a relationship threat from a rival. A college sample completed measures of vulnerable narcissism, pathological and non-pathological measures of grandiose narcissism, and then indicated anticipated cognitive, emotional, and tactical responses to situations involving high and low levels of rival threat. All narcissism forms generally converged on similar tactical responses – specifically, enhanced coercive and mate-value-enhancement tactics. Yet, both pathological and non-pathological expressions of grandiose narcissism diverged from vulnerable narcissism on cognitive and emotional outcomes, such that only vulnerable narcissism related to enhanced worrying and negative emotionality. Furthermore, all narcissism forms were more strongly related to coercive tactics against the rival following high (vs. low) rival threat.

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Rohmann, Elke, Eva Neumann, Michael Jürgen Herner, and Hans-Werner Bierhoff. "Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism." European Psychologist 17, no. 4 (January 1, 2012): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000100.

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It is suggested that the two factors of narcissism identified by Wink (1991) – grandiose (overt) and vulnerable (covert) narcissism – represent different conceptualizations of narcissism, which are measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Narcissism Inventory, respectively. The focus of this research is on the divergent interpersonal consequences of both factors of narcissism. Results of two studies indicate that the nomological networks of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in terms of self-construal on the one hand and attachment and love on the other hand differ substantially. As predicted, grandiose narcissism was linked to high self-esteem and independent self-construal, whereas vulnerable narcissism was linked to low self-esteem and interdependent self-construal. In addition, high vulnerable narcissism implied higher attachment anxiety than low vulnerable narcissism, whereas high grandiose narcissism implied less attachment avoidance than low grandiose narcissism. In partial support of the hypotheses, Eros, Ludus, and Pragma correlated positively with the measure of grandiose narcissism, whereas Eros, Ludus, Pragma, Mania, and Agape were positively related to the measure of vulnerable narcissism. An intriguing pattern of results emerged because vulnerable narcissism turned out to be the more powerful predictor for love styles than grandiose narcissism.

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Schyns, Birgit, Urszula Lagowska, and Susanne Braun. "Me, Me, Me." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 230, no. 4 (October 2022): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000504.

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Abstract. This study tests the relationships between grandiose narcissism and affective, calculative, social-normative motivation to lead (MTL), avoidance to lead, and between vulnerable narcissism and affective MTL and avoidance to lead. Further, we assess the moderating effect of narcissistic organizational identification (NOI). As expected, grandiose narcissism correlated positively with three dimensions of MTL, though the relationship with social-normative MTL disappeared when controlling for NOI and the interaction. Vulnerable narcissism was positively related to avoidance to lead, but not too affective MTL. Subsequent regression analysis revealed that vulnerable narcissism related negatively to affective MTL for individuals with low or moderate (but not high) NOI. Our study contributes to the integration of narcissism and leadership research by examining a differentiated conceptualization of narcissism, explaining why some individuals may actively approach while others actively avoid leadership, and one of the boundary conditions which may facilitate narcissists’ MTL.

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Zobel, S. Beomonte, A. Sciarretta, and P. Velotti. "The role of emotion dysregulation in the relationship between narcissism and suicide." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S585—S586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1562.

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IntroductionSuicide attempts and suicidal ideation are peculiar aspects of several cluster b disorders, including Narcissistic Personality Disorder. Similarly, difficulty in regulating negative affects can play a role in the relationship between narcissist features and suicidal ideation. To date, it is still unclear which facet of narcissism is more related to the desire to die and which other factors are involved in this relationship.ObjectivesTo offer preliminary empirical evidences concerning the relationship between narcissism, emotion regulation and suicide ideation.MethodsWe administered Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSI) to a sample of individuals with Suicide ideation (n= 68) and a sample of community participants (n=140).ResultsControlling for age and gender, we found that BSI scores correlated significantly with the vulnerable dimension of narcissism, but not with the grandiose one, and with all DERS dimensions. Nevertheless, emotion dysregulation moderates the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and suicidal ideation.ConclusionsSuicide ideation seems to be deeply connected with the vulnerable dimension of pathological narcissism and the relationship between the constructs is partially mediated by emotion dysregulation. Future directions and clinical implications are discussed.

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Dohmen, Josh. "Paradoxical and Vulnerable Narcissisms." Janus Head 18, no. 1 (2020): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jh20201811.

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In this essay, I argue that rather than rejecting narcissism, the most appropriate response to contemporary egoism and individualism is a revised understanding of narcissism, one that acknowledges the deeply social nature of our selves by seeking to understand the ways in which we exist as individuals through others. I will call this form of narcissism “vulnerable narcissism.” Once we recognize the extent to which we are, as individuals, constitutively social, narcissistic investments in oneself can be recognized as investments in particular social conditions that influence, sustain, or disadvantage us.

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Malesza, Marta, and Magdalena Claudia Kaczmarek. "Grandiose narcissism versus vulnerable narcissism and impulsivity." Personality and Individual Differences 126 (May 2018): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.01.021.

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Hyun, Seungju, and Xyle Ku. "Proactive coping mediates the relationship between the narcissism phenotypes and psychological health." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 49, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.10477.

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Although the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and psychological health is widely accepted, little is known about whether and how coping strategies explain this relationship. We examined the mediating role of proactive coping in this relationship, with a sample of 280 participants from five colleges in Korea. We used four parallel multiple mediation models, and controlled for the indirect effects of coping flexibility, self-esteem, and covariates (age and gender). Results show that grandiose narcissism predicted higher life satisfaction and lower perceived stress, whereas vulnerable narcissism exhibited the opposite pattern, and all of these relationships were mediated by proactive coping. Overall, our results highlight the critical role of proactive coping in the prediction of psychological health among narcissists.

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Malesza, Marta, and Warsaw Poland. "Grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism in prisoner's dilemma game." Personality and Individual Differences 158 (May 2020): 109841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.109841.

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Van Buren, Brian R., and Kevin B. Meehan. "Child Maltreatment and Vulnerable Narcissism." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 63, no. 3 (June 2015): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003065115593058.

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Kaufman, Scott Barry, Brandon Weiss, Joshua D. Miller, and W. Keith Campbell. "Clinical Correlates of Vulnerable and Grandiose Narcissism: A Personality Perspective." Journal of Personality Disorders 34, no. 1 (February 2020): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2018_32_384.

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There is broad consensus that there are at least two different dimensions of narcissism: vulnerable and grandiose. In this study, the authors use a new trifurcated, three-factor model of narcissism to examine relations between aspects of narcissism and an array of clinically relevant criteria related to psychopathology, the self, authenticity, and well-being. Neurotic and antagonistic aspects of narcissism emerged as the most clinically relevant dimensions of narcissism, bearing relations with outcomes relating to interpersonal guilt, insecure attachment styles, cognitive distortions, maladaptive defense mechanisms, experiential avoidance, impostor syndrome, weak sense of self, inauthenticity, low self-esteem, and reduced psychological well-being. Grandiose narcissism was not correlated with most forms of psychopathology and was even positively associated with life satisfaction. Nevertheless, a surprising link was found between grandiose narcissism and multiple indicators of inauthenticity. Implications for the appropriate conceptualization, assessment, and treatment of pathological narcissism are discussed.

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Derry, Kate L., Jeneva L. Ohan, and Donna M. Bayliss. "Toward Understanding and Measuring Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism Within Trait Personality Models." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 35, no. 4 (July 2019): 498–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000432.

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Abstract. Research on trait narcissism is hindered by considerable confusion over its underlying structure, especially differences between pathological and normal narcissism, and grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. To address this problem, we describe two studies that examined the factor structure of a broad range of narcissism items and the implications for current narcissism theory. In Study 1, 881 undergraduates completed a scale composed of items taken trans-theoretically from narcissism scales that targeted grandiose, vulnerable, and normal narcissism descriptions. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted and construct validity was established. In Study 2, 298 community-based participants were surveyed. Fit indices of a reduced 20-item scale and test-retest reliability were examined. Both studies supported a hierarchical structure of distinct grandiose and vulnerable factors, each with interpersonal and intrapersonal components. Thus, trait narcissism seems best described by grandiose and vulnerable dimensions, each of which can be focused toward the self or others.

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Hart, William, Kyle Richardson, and Gregory K. Tortoriello. "Grandiose and vulnerable narcissists disagree about whether others' vulnerable narcissism is relatable and tolerable." Personality and Individual Differences 134 (November 2018): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.06.016.

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Rohmann, Elke, Stephanie Hanke, and Hans-Werner Bierhoff. "Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism in Relation to Life Satisfaction, Self-Esteem, and Self-Construal." Journal of Individual Differences 40, no. 4 (October 2019): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000292.

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Abstract. A growing body of research suggests the viability of the distinction between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Each subtype of narcissism reveals distinct associations with life satisfaction, self-esteem, and self-construal. The goal of the present study ( N = 253) is to apply this distinction to replicate the results of previous studies with respect to life satisfaction and self-esteem and to extend the perspective by focusing on several components of self-construal: independent and interdependent (cf. Singelis, 1994 ). In addition, interdependent self-construal is either relational-interdependent or collective-interdependent (cf. Cross, Hardin, & Gercek-Swing, 2011 ). Specifically, four hypotheses are examined which have in common the assumption that grandiose and vulnerable narcissism diverge systematically in their implications for life satisfaction, self-esteem, and self-construal. Grandiose narcissism is expected to correlate positively with life satisfaction, self-esteem, independent self-construal, and collective-interdependent self-construal. In contrast, vulnerable narcissism is assumed to correlate negatively with self-esteem and life satisfaction and positively with interdependent and relational self-construal. The results, which confirm these hypotheses, underscore the necessity to differentiate between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Remarkably, both subtypes of narcissism are related to distinct dimensions of interdependent self-construal. Whereas grandiose narcissism is anchored in collective interdependence, vulnerable narcissism is embedded in relational interdependence.

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Allroggen, Marc, Peter Rehmann, Eva Schürch, Carolyn C. Morf, and Michael Kölch. "The Relationship Between Narcissism and Personality Traits of the Five-Factor-Model in Adolescents and Young Adults." Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 46, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000588.

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Abstract.Narcissism is seen as a multidimensional construct that consists of two manifestations: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. In order to define these two manifestations, their relationship to personality factors has increasingly become of interest. However, so far no studies have considered the relationship between different phenotypes of narcissism and personality factors in adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we examine a group of adolescents (n = 98; average age 16.77 years; 23.5 % female) with regard to the relationship between Big Five personality factors and pathological narcissism using self-report instruments. This group is compared to a group of young adults (n = 38; average age 19.69 years; 25.6 % female). Results: Grandiose narcissism is primarily related to low Agreeableness and Extraversion, vulnerable narcissism to Neuroticism. We do not find differences between adolescents and young adults concerning the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and personality traits. Discussion: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism can be well differentiated in adolescents, and the pattern does not show substantial differences compared to young adults.

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Bodecka-Zych, Marta, Peter K. Jonason, and Anna Zajenkowska. "Hostile Attribution Biases in Vulnerable Narcissists Depends on the Socio-Relational Context." Journal of Individual Differences 43, no. 2 (April 2022): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000354.

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Abstract. Narcissism, especially the vulnerable kind, is associated with anger and hostility. In a sample of outpatients, group psychotherapy ( N = 74) and community members ( N = 153), we replicated and extended previous work linking vulnerable, but not grandiose, narcissism to hostile attributions across different socio-relational contexts. We also examined if the level of ambiguity of social situations, assessed from the other-referent position, influences the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and attributing hostile intentionality, and whether narcissistic individuals distinguish hostile interpretations, depending on the level of ambiguity of the scene. In ambiguous vignettes, assessed from the self-referent position, higher levels of vulnerable narcissism were associated with a greater tendency to infer more attributions of hostile intentions with people with whom there was no close relationship (except for authority in the patient group). In the case of visual scenes, the positive relationship between vulnerable narcissism and attributed hostile intentionality appeared in accidental scenes, but not in hostile and ambiguous ones. In addition, the higher the vulnerable narcissism the lower the ability to differentiate between contextual nuances (e.g., the level of ambiguity). We replicated previous research indicating a relationship between vulnerable narcissism and hostile attribution bias, but shed new light on the phenomenon of this bias in that it appears to depend on the socio-relational context and the level of ambiguity of the situation.

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Sanecka, Elżbieta. "Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and regulatory focus at work in relation to strengths use and deficit correction in the workplace." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 22, 2021): e0258609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258609.

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Extant research has shown that grandiose narcissism predicts a wide range of work-related outcomes. However, despite differentiating in the social-personality literature besides grandiose narcissism also its vulnerable form, there is little organizational research that would include both expressions of narcissism, in particular with regard to positive organizational behaviors, including strengths use and deficit correction in the workplace. In addition, the role of dark-side personality traits, such as narcissism, in predicting strengths use and deficit correction in the workplace, in particular in regard to motivational factors, seems understudied. Accordingly, this study adds to the literature on narcissism in the organizational context by investigating the direct effects of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and motivational orientation in the form of regulatory focus at work on strengths use and deficit correction in the workplace. Based on a sample of 446 working adults from the Polish population, it was found that grandiose narcissism positively predicted both strengths use and deficit correction. In turn, vulnerable narcissism was unrelated to strengths use and deficit correction. Furthermore, drawing on the distal-proximal model of work-specific regulatory focus, it also tested whether regulatory focus at work has the incremental validity over grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in predicting strengths use and deficit correction. The hierarchical regression analyses indicated that both promotion and prevention focus were positively associated with strengths use and deficit correction, predicting them beyond grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. The theoretical and practical implications of this study in the context of narcissism in the workplace and positive organizational scholarship are discussed.

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Gore, Whitney L., and Thomas A. Widiger. "Fluctuation between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism." Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment 7, no. 4 (2016): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/per0000181.

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Musetti, Alessandro, Valentina Grazia, Alessia Alessandra, Christian Franceschini, Paola Corsano, and Claudia Marino. "Vulnerable Narcissism and Problematic Social Networking Sites Use: Focusing the Lens on Specific Motivations for Social Networking Sites Use." Healthcare 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2022): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091719.

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Research highlighted that Problematic Social Networking Sites Use (PSNSU) and vulnerable narcissism are associated. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are still unclear. The present study aimed to test the mediating role of motives for social networking sites (SNSs) use between vulnerable narcissism and five symptoms of PSNSU (i.e., preference for online social interactions, mood regulation, cognitive preoccupation, compulsive use, and negative outcomes) in a sole model. Self-report questionnaires were completed by 344 SNSs users in the age range of 18–30 years (76.5% females; mean age = 23.80 years, standard deviation = 2.30 years). Vulnerable narcissism, three motives to use SNSs (coping, conformity, enhancement), and symptoms of PSNSU were assessed. Structural equation modeling was used to test for mediation. The results indicate that both motives with positive (i.e., enhancement) and negative (i.e., coping and conformity) valence partially mediated the association between vulnerable narcissism and different symptoms of PSNSU. We conclude that individuals with vulnerable narcissism may develop PSNSU not only as a compensatory strategy to cope with psychosocial difficulties but also as a result of a gratification-seeking process.

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Barry, Christopher T., Alexandra C. Anderson, and Nora E. Charles. "Dimensions of Adolescent Narcissism." Journal of Individual Differences 40, no. 3 (July 2019): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000287.

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Abstract. Research with adolescents has noted that narcissism dimensions (e.g., non-pathological, grandiose, vulnerable) are often interrelated but have differential associations with indicators of adjustment. The aim of the present study was to investigate both variable-centered and person-centered analyses of commonly used narcissism scales in adolescents. Participants were 282 at-risk male adolescents ages 16–19 attending a voluntary residential program. Variable-centered analyses revealed correlations for the narcissism dimensions that were consistent with prior research. Person-centered analyses resulted in three subgroups (i.e., high pathological narcissism; moderate pathological narcissism; low narcissism). Individuals in the high pathological narcissism subgroup reported lower self-esteem, higher anxiety, and higher aggression than the other groups. However, the utility of a person-centered approach in adolescents is questionable in that the subgroups simply differed incrementally based on pathological grandiose and vulnerable narcissism.

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Rogoza, Radosław, Jan Cieciuch, Włodzimierz Strus, and Tomasz Baran. "Seeking a Common Framework for Research on Narcissism: An Attempt to Integrate the Different Faces of Narcissism within the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits." European Journal of Personality 33, no. 4 (July 2019): 437–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2206.

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The current paper presents a proposal for integrating different narcissism constructs (grandiose, vulnerable, communal, and collective) within the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits (CPM), an integrative model of personality structure that could also be used to accommodate the narcissism spectrum model. The study was conducted on a community sample ( N = 781 adults). The theoretically predicted locations of the different narcissism constructs within the CPM space were empirically verified using the structural summary method. We found that grandiose, vulnerable, and communal narcissism can be meaningfully located within the CPM, while the status of collective narcissism remains unclear. Thus, the CPM can serve as a personality matrix explaining the differences and similarities between the various faces of narcissism. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Bobadilla, Leonardo. "Martyrdom redefined: Self-destructive killers and vulnerable narcissism." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 4 (August 2014): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13003361.

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AbstractLankford shows that suicide terrorists have much in common with maladjusted persons who die by suicide. However, what differentiates suicidal killers from those who “only” commit suicide? A key element may be vulnerable narcissism. Narcissism has been simultaneously linked to interpersonal aggression, achievement, and depression. These traits may explain the paradoxical picture of a person who may appear “normal” in some aspects, and yet hate himself and others so intensely as to seek mutual destruction.

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Barnett, Michael D., Idalia V. Maciel, and Marley A. King. "Sandbagging and the Self." Journal of Individual Differences 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000272.

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Abstract. Sandbagging – a self-presentation strategy defined by feigned performance or false claims of inability – has been associated with lower self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether narcissism explains the relationship between sandbagging and self-esteem. College students ( N = 813) completed a survey. Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism explained variance in sandbagging beyond what was explained by self-esteem. When grandiose or vulnerable narcissism was included, the relationship between self-esteem and sandbagging was no longer significant. Overall, the results were consistent with the notion that the relationship between lower self-esteem and sandbagging may be subsumed by narcissism.

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Rogoza, Radosław, Magdalena Żemojtel-Piotrowska, and William Keith Campbel. "Measurement of narcissism: From classical applications to modern approaches." Studia Psychologica 1, no. 18 (November 21, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/sp.2018.18.1.02.

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Different conceptions of narcissism exist within the literature such as grandiose, vulnerable, pathological, collective, and communal, each of which can be measured using self-report measures. Within the current paper, we review and discuss most of the existing measures of these different trait (i.e., non-clinical) narcissism constructs. This includes an examination of their underlying theoretical foundations and an evaluation of the scale construction process. We start our review from the one-dimensional measures of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism such as the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale, the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen, the Short Dark Triad, the Narcissistic Grandiosity Scale, the Narcissistic Vulnerability Scale, and the Single Item Narcissism Scale. Then, we introduce the multidimensional measures to study narcissism such as the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire, the Five Factor Narcissism Inventory, and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. The r view concludes by presenting measures of understudied narcissistic constructs such as the Communal Narcissism Inventory and the Collective Narcissism Scale. In general, using one-dimensional scales might provide important insights into the general underpinnings of narcissistic personality, however assessment via multi-dimensional tools better reflects its complex nature.

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Yuk, Hyeyeon, Tony C. Garrett, and Euejung Hwang. "Effects of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism on Donation Intentions: The Moderating Role of Donation Information Openness." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 7280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137280.

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This study investigated the relationship between two subtypes of narcissism (grandiose vs. vulnerable) and donation intentions, while considering the moderating effects of donation information openness. The results of an experimental survey of 359 undergraduate students showed that individuals who scored high on grandiose narcissism showed greater donation intentions when the donor’s behavior was public, while they showed lower donation intentions when it was not. In addition, individuals who scored high on vulnerable narcissism showed lower donation intentions when the donor’s behavior was not public. This study contributes to narcissism and the donation behavior literature and proposes theoretical and practical implications as per narcissistic individual differences. Future research possibilities are also discussed.

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Dickinson, Kelly A., and Aaron L. Pincus. "Interpersonal Analysis of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism." Journal of Personality Disorders 17, no. 3 (June 2003): 188–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi.17.3.188.22146.

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Stoeber, Joachim, Simon B. Sherry, and Logan J. Nealis. "Multidimensional perfectionism and narcissism: Grandiose or vulnerable?" Personality and Individual Differences 80 (July 2015): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.02.027.

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Zobel, S. Beomonte, V. Mirizio, and P. Velotti. "Suicide in narcissism: Can shame-proneness make a difference?" European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1563.

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IntroductionCluster B personality disorders are characterized by a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation and behavior than others, and Narcissistic Personality Disorder is no different. Very intense feelings of shame, intolerable for the individual, are often found in patients with Narcissistic Personality Disorder and may have a role in suicidal behavior.ObjectivesTo offer preliminary empirical evidences concerning the relationship between narcissism, shame and suicide ideation.MethodsWe administered Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), Test of Self Conscious Affects (TOSCA) and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSI) to a sample of individuals with Suicide ideation (n= 65) and a sample of community participants (n=65).ResultsControlling for age and gender, in the merged sample we found that BSI scores correlated significantly with the vulnerable dimension of narcissism and with TOSCA Interpersonal Shame subscale. In the clinical sample, Interpersonal shame partially mediates the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and suicidal ideation.ConclusionsShame seems to play a key role in the relationship between the vulnerable facet of narcissism and suicidal ideation, although the profound mechanism by which it works remains to be understood. Future directions and clinical implications are discussed.

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Kajonius, Petri J., and Therese Björkman. "Dark malevolent traits and everyday perceived stress." Current Psychology 39, no. 6 (August 13, 2018): 2351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9948-x.

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Abstract Stress is a factor that greatly impacts our lives. Previous research has examined individual differences in relation to stress. However, research regarding malevolent personality traits in relation to how stress is perceived is limited. The purpose of the present study was to investigate relationships between dark malevolent personality traits; psychopathy (EPA), Machiavellianism (MACH-IV), vulnerable narcissism (HSNS), grandiose narcissism (NPI-13), and perceived stress (PSS-10) in a community sample (N = 346). The results showed a strong positive relationship between vulnerable narcissism and perceived stress, while grandiose narcissism and psychopathy showed a small negative relationship with perceived stress. The discussion centers on that narcissism should be treated as two separate traits, and that psychopathy and Machiavellianism overlap in relation to the experience of stress in everyday life.

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Fegan, Rebecca B., and Amy R. Bland. "Social Media Use and Vulnerable Narcissism: The Differential Roles of Oversensitivity and Egocentricity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 9172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179172.

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Narcissism is a multi-dimensional personality trait characterised by grandiosity, vanity, low empathy, and a desire for admiration. Previous research has suggested that social media sites are ideal platforms for people with narcissistic traits to satisfy a desire for attention. However, less is understood about the relationship between social media and vulnerable narcissism, characterised by vulnerability, insecurity, and oversensitivity. A total of 115 participants completed the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (HSNS) and questions relating to social media use. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported a two-factor model of vulnerable narcissism; oversensitivity and egocentrism. Results showed that greater oversensitivity was significantly associated with greater scores in all six aspects of social media use. Specifically, time spent on social media, frequency of posts, concerns about numbers of likes and comments, being overly sensitive about negative remarks, feelings of jealousy, and a greater difference in how they portray themselves on social media compared to real life. Egocentricity was significantly associated with less concern over negative remarks and a greater difference in how they portray themselves on social media compared to real life. These results suggest that vulnerable narcissism is not a unitary trait and that subfactors oversensitivity and egocentricity contribute differentially to aspects of social media use.

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Annen, H., C. Nakkas, D. Sadeghi Bahmani, M. Gerber, E. Holsboer-Trachsler, and S. Brand. "Vulnerable Narcissism as Key Link Between Dark Triad Traits, Mental Toughness, Sleep Quality and Stress." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.070.

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IntroductionThe concept of the Dark Triad (DT) consists of the dimensions of Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy, and has gained increased interest within the last 15 years for its predictive power to explain success in the fields of economy, politics, and professional sport. However, recent research suggests that the associations between DT and behavior are not as uniform as expected.AimsInvestigating the associations between DT traits and vulnerable narcissism, mental toughness, sleep quality, and stress perception.MethodsA total of 720 participants between 18 and 28 years took part in the study. The sample consisted of military cadres in the US (n = 238), Switzerland (n = 220), and of students from the university of Basel (n = 262). Participants completed self-rating questionnaires covering DT traits, mental toughness, vulnerable narcissism, sleep quality, and perceived stress.ResultsIrrespective of the sample, participants scoring high on vulnerable narcissism also reported higher DT traits, lower mental toughness, poor sleep quality, and higher scores on perceived stress.ConclusionsThe present pattern of results suggests a more fine-grained association between DT traits and further behavior, calling into question to what extent DT traits might be a predictor for greater success in the fields of economy, politics or elite sports. Specifically, vulnerable narcissism seems to be key for more unfavourable behavior.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Braun, Susanne Helena, Birgit Schyns, Yuyan Zheng, and Robert G. Lord. "Vulnerable Narcissists in Leadership? A Bifactor Model of Narcissism and Abusive Supervision Intent." Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 11224. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.160.

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Hart, William, John Adams, K. Alex Burton, and Gregory K. Tortoriello. "Narcissism and self-presentation: Profiling grandiose and vulnerable Narcissists' self-presentation tactic use." Personality and Individual Differences 104 (January 2017): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.062.

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Spencer, Christopher C., Joshua D. Foster, and Jeffrey S. Bedwell. "Structural Relationships Among the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism." Journal of Personality Disorders 32, no. 5 (October 2018): 654–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2017_31_318.

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Research shows that grandiosity and vulnerability are distinct aspects of narcissism. The Contemporary Clinical Model (CCM) of narcissism suggests that individuals fluctuate between grandiose narcissism (GN) and vulnerable narcissism (VN). The authors examine the relative contributions of the Behavioral Approach System (BAS), the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), and the Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS) in the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality (r-RST) to GN and VN. Few studies examine the r-RST, and even fewer examine the VN and GN distinction. To remain consistent with the CCM, structural equation modeling was used to account for individuals’ relative levels of VN and GN. Across two independent samples (Ns = 854 and 258), results indicated that GN is associated with higher BAS scores and that VN is associated with higher BIS scores. Relations among GN, VN, and FFFS were inconsistent between samples. Implications of the r-RST results are interpreted within the context of the CCM.

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Sprio, V., F. Madeddu, and R. Calati. "Can narcissism be considered a risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors? A systematic review of the literature." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1553.

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IntroductionAlthough suicide showed an association with personality disorders, few studies focused on narcissism. This association is interesting, especially in what authors called a “narcissism epidemic”, considering narcissistic wounds to which subjects could be subjected.ObjectivesTo systematically review studies investigating the association between narcissism and suicidal risk.MethodsWe focused on the association between narcissism (NPD, narcissistic traits) and suicide (Suicidal Ideation (SI), Non-suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI), Deliberate Self-Harm (DSH), Suicide Attempt (SA) and Suicide (S)). Studies were identified through a PubMed-based search. Reference lists were examined to extract additional articles. This review was performed according to PRISMA Statement.ResultsWe included 33 studies. Most studies evaluated narcissism through DSM, showing heterogeneous results. NPD was associated with low impulsivity and high planning, but also with a higher number of SAs. Studies evaluating narcissism as a trait were more coherent. SI, NSSI and DSH showed an association with vulnerable narcissism. These associations were explained by mediation and moderation models including shame and dissociation. The grandiose component was associated with severe repetitive NSSIs and S in high suicidal risk samples. Impulsivity showed no effect.ConclusionsIt is possible to develop hypothesis, even if not causal relationships, on the association between narcissism and suicidal risk. Grandiose narcissism seemed to be protective for suicidal outcomes with low intent to die, while vulnerable narcissism seemed to be associated. However grandiose narcissism seemed to be a risk factor for suicidal outcomes with high intent to die, showing low impulsivity and high planning and severity. New studies, differentiating between narcissistic components, are needed.

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Miller, Joshua D., Donald R. Lynam, Colin Vize, Michael Crowe, Chelsea Sleep, Jessica L. Maples‐Keller, Lauren R. Few, and W. Keith Campbell. "Vulnerable Narcissism Is (Mostly) a Disorder of Neuroticism." Journal of Personality 86, no. 2 (March 20, 2017): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12303.

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Euler, Sebastian, Dominik Stöbi, Julia Sowislo, Franziska Ritzler, Christian G. Huber, Undine E. Lang, Johannes Wrege, and Marc Walter. "Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism in Borderline Personality Disorder." Psychopathology 51, no. 2 (2018): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000486601.

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Miller, Joshua D., Brian J. Hoffman, Eric T. Gaughan, Brittany Gentile, Jessica Maples, and W. Keith Campbell. "Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism: A Nomological Network Analysis." Journal of Personality 79, no. 5 (September 26, 2011): 1013–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00711.x.

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Dîrțu, Mircea Cătălin, and Oara Prundeanu. "Narcissism and Pro-Environmental Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Self-Monitoring, Environmental Control and Attitudes." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021571.

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The need to protect and preserve the environment is an important concern, and the behavioral change in order to obtain behaviors positively oriented towards the environment is sometimes difficult to achieve. There are multiple factors that influence people’s actions against the environment, but individualistic and egocentric tendencies (i.e., grandiose and vulnerable narcissism) may negatively impact pro-environmental behavior. This article expands existing research by providing a closer look at the mechanisms by which individuals with grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic tendencies self-monitor, make attributions about environmental problems, and embrace the new ecological paradigm, as well as their pro-environmental behaviors. Using a convenience sample (N = 945), two mediation models were tested to assess the effect of narcissism on pro-environmental behavior, mediated by self-monitoring, environmental control, and environmental attitudes. Results indicated that both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism negatively correlated with environmental control, but only grandiose narcissism negatively correlated with environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behavior. Furthermore, mediation analyses results revealed that only environmental control significantly mediated the relationship between narcissism types and pro-environmental behavior. The discussion focuses on the implications of narcissistic features on pro-environmental behavior. Ecological campaigns should aim to increase individual control and include strategies that stimulate narcissistic individuals to self-enhance and recognize their responsibility when they produce significant changes in the environment.

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Zhang, Hui, Yun Luo, Yimeng Zhao, Runzhu Zhang, and Zhenhong Wang. "Differential relations of grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism to emotion dysregulation: Self-esteem matters." Asian Journal of Social Psychology 20, no. 3-4 (July 2017): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12191.

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Bernardi, Ricardo, and Mónica Eidlin. "Thin-skinned or vulnerable narcissism and thick-skinned or grandiose narcissism: similarities and differences." International Journal of Psychoanalysis 99, no. 2 (March 4, 2018): 291–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207578.2018.1425599.

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Derry, Kate L., Donna M. Bayliss, and Jeneva L. Ohan. "Measuring Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism in Children and Adolescents: The Narcissism Scale for Children." Assessment 26, no. 4 (May 29, 2018): 645–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191118773872.

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Zajenkowski, Marcin, Radosław Rogoza, Oliwia Maciantowicz, Joanna Witowska, and Peter K. Jonason. "Narcissus locked in the past: Vulnerable narcissism and the negative views of the past." Journal of Research in Personality 93 (August 2021): 104123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104123.

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Kristinsdottir, Kolbrun Harpa, Haukur Freyr Gylfason, and Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir. "Narcissism and Social Media: The Role of Communal Narcissism." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 10106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910106.

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Agentic narcissism and vulnerable narcissism have been widely studied in relation to social media use. However, with research on communal narcissism in its early stages, the current study examines communal narcissism in relation to social media use. Specifically, the current study investigates whether communal narcissism is related to use and frequency of use of the popular social networking sites Instagram, Reddit and Twitter, and if communal narcissism relates to the importance of receiving feedback and to the quality-rating of self-presented content on those platforms. A total of 334 individuals were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk, with two-thirds being male (66.7%). A regression analysis showed that communal narcissism was related to increased use of Instagram and Twitter but not Reddit. Sharing content, the importance of feedback and better than average ratings had positive associations with communal narcissism. The relationship between communal narcissism and sharing on social media was fully mediated by wanting validation on social media and higher ratings of self-presented content. Communal narcissism had a notably strong relationship with wanting validation on all platforms and our results suggest that communal narcissism might be especially relevant in the context of social media use.

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Miller, Joshua D., Mitja D. Back, Donald R. Lynam, and Aidan G. C. Wright. "Narcissism Today: What We Know and What We Need to Learn." Current Directions in Psychological Science 30, no. 6 (October 1, 2021): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09637214211044109.

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Narcissism is of great interest to behavioral scientists and the lay public. Research across the past 20 years has led to substantial progress in the conceptualization, measurement, and study of narcissism. This article reviews the current state of the field, identifying recent advances and outlining future directions. Advances include hierarchical conceptualizations of narcissism across one-factor (narcissism), two-factor (grandiose vs. vulnerable narcissism), and three-factor (agentic extraversion, antagonism, narcissistic neuroticism) levels; the development of measures to assess the components of narcissism; clarification of the relations between narcissism and self-esteem; an understanding of the behavioral and motivational dynamics underlying narcissistic actions and social outcomes; and insight regarding potential fluctuations between narcissistic states. Future directions point in general to increased research using the lower levels of the narcissism hierarchy, especially the three-factor level. At this level, more research on the etiology, heritability, stability, and centrality of the three components is required.

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Kealy, David, and Brian Rasmussen. "Veiled and Vulnerable: The Other Side of Grandiose Narcissism." Clinical Social Work Journal 40, no. 3 (November 23, 2011): 356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10615-011-0370-1.

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Schapiro-Halberstam, Sara, and Lawrence Josephs. "Unkosher Sex: Vulnerable Narcissism and Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Men." Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 44, no. 7 (May 8, 2018): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0092623x.2018.1452087.

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Freis, Stephanie D., Ashley A. Brown, Patrick J. Carroll, and Robert M. Arkin. "Shame, Rage, and Unsuccessful Motivated Reasoning in Vulnerable Narcissism." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 34, no. 10 (December 2015): 877–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2015.34.10.877.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Vulnerable narcissism'

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