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Journal articles on the topic 'Vulvar melanoma'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Boldrini, Neide Aparecida Tosato, Helena Lucia Barroso dos Reis, Susana Lamara Pedras Almeida, et al. "Melanoma vulvar recidivante em período pós-menopausal com grave prognóstico." Relatos de Casos Cirúrgicos do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões 7, no. 1 (2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.30928/2527-2039e-20212809.

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O melanoma vulvar é o segundo câncer mais comum da região vulvar e tem um prognóstico em geral ruim, e é geralmente detectado de forma mais tardia do que o melanoma cutâneo. Além disso, os melanomas são cânceres incomuns e agressivos. Os melanomas localizados centralmente na vulva, a extensão do tumor para os lábios laterais e a alta taxa mitótica foram correlacionados com intervalos livres de recorrência mais curtos. A cirurgia continua sendo o tratamento de escolha nos melanomas do trato genital. Mesmo assim, a evolução dos pacientes com melanoma vulvar é geralmente ruim, com tendência à rec

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2

Akoz, I., S. Ayas, S. Eren, and R. Bilgic. "Synchronous cervical and vulvar malign melanomas: metastasis or multifocality of the disease? A case report and review of the literature." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 16, no. 2 (2006): 917–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200603000-00075.

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Vulvar melanoma is rare and has a worse prognosis and higher recurrence rate than cutaneous melanoma. Multifocality is also more common in vulvar melanomas. A case having synchronous cervix and vulvar malign melanoma is presented and discussed in the light of the literature whether it is a metastasis of vulvar malign melanoma to cervix or multifocal originated disease. In conclusion, it is important to evaluate the whole genital system in vulvar melanomas as it is in squamous cancers.

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3

Naderi-Azad, Sheida, Faisal Sickandar, and Rossanna C. Pezo. "Examining the impact of body mass index on overall survival in vulvar, vaginal and other mucosal melanomas: a retrospective cohort study." Current Gynecologic Oncology 18, no. 2 (2020): e43-e45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/cgo.2020.0009.

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Aim of the study: In this retrospective cohort study we have examined differences in survival profiles with respect to the body mass index in patients with mucosal melanoma on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Materials and methods: The primary outcome included the association between the body mass index and overall survival in patients with metastatic mucosal melanoma. The secondary outcomes included the clinical presentation and management of vulvar and vaginal melanomas with oral and anorectal mucosal melanomas, as well as the surgical and radiological management of vulvar and vaginal me

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4

Singh, Nilanchali, Sivalakshmi Ramu, Ruchi Rathore, Divya Sehra, and Jyoti Meena. "Wide Local Excision versus Simple Vulvectomy in Vulval Intraepithelial Neoplasia 3: Case Report and Literature Review." Journal of Colposcopy and Lower Genital Tract Pathology 2, no. 1 (2024): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jclgtp.jclgtp_4_24.

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Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia is a premalignant lesion of the vulva. Women with vulvar cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 are at high risk of recurrence and vulvar carcinoma. They warrant a surgical management for the same reason. It may be either ablative or excisional, sometimes can be a combination of both. The decision for wide local excision or simple vulvectomy depends on clinical factors. Case: We present a case of a 67-year-old lady who presented with vulvar itching and a large black vulvar lesion involving the fourchette area, with HPV 16 positive. Initially, there was a doubt of

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5

Bumanlag, Honeylyn C., and Jimmy A. Billod. "Vulvar Melanoma in the Elderly Treated with Surgery and Rradiotherapy: A Case Report." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care 9, no. 3 (2024): 597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2024.9.3.597-601.

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Although rare, vulvar melanoma is the second most common histological type of vulvar cancer, representing around 10% of all malignant tumors involving the vulva presenting typically in post-menopausal women. The data on vulvar melanoma consists almost entirely of case studies and small retrospective series. A standardized approach to the diagnosis and management of vulvar melanoma is not available. In this paper, a case of vulvar melanoma in remission is described and a review of the current literature is presented. A 73-year-old, G5P5 (5-0-0-5), complained of a 3-year history of intense vagin

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6

Jevremović Jovičić, Ljubica, Vesna Kesić, Miroslav L. Đorđević, et al. "Recurrent Vulvar Melanoma – a Case Report." Serbian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 11, no. 2 (2019): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjdv-2019-0010.

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Abstract Melanoma rarely develops in the genital area. It is responsible for 5% of all vulvar malignancies. Postmenopausal women are usually more affected and the main differential diagnosis is vulvar melanosis and vulvar nevi. There are limited numbers of studies on dermoscopic features of mucosal melanoma, particularly early-stage lesions. Dermoscopic criteria have been described for the diagnosis of vulvar melanosis, and observational studies have been conducted to define the dermoscopic features of nevi and melanoma on the vulva. We are presenting the case of a 69-year old female with susp

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7

Kingston, N. J., R. W. Jones, and J. Baranyai. "Recurrent primary vulvovaginal malignant melanoma arising in melanoma in situ – the natural history of lesions followed for 23 years." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 14, no. 4 (2004): 628–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200407000-00010.

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Multifocal melanoma and melanoma in situ of the vulva and vagina are uncommon lesions, and our understanding of their natural history is limited. Vulvovaginal melanoma appears to be biologically different from cutaneous melanoma and has more in common with mucosal melanoma. A 60-year-old woman presented in 1977 with a pigmented vulvar lesion. Histologic examination revealed melanoma in situ associated with focal invasive melanoma. She re-presented with recurrent primary melanomas arising in melanoma in situ in 1990 and 1998 and died of widespread metastatic melanoma in 2000. Melanoma in situ o

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8

Naderi-Azad, Sheida, Faisal Sickander, and Rossanna C. Pezo. "Immunotherapy toxicities in metastatic vulvar and vaginal melanomas: a retrospective cohort study." Current Gynecologic Oncology 18, no. 2 (2020): e39-e42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/cgo.2020.0008.

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This retrospective cohort study examined the factors for patients with metastatic vulvar and vaginal melanomas on immune checkpoint inhibitors. The study included all patients over the age of 18 who received either anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-4 (anti-CTLA-4) therapy or anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1) therapy at the Sunnybrook Hospital from June 2012 to December 2018. There were 11 patients with vulvar or vaginal melanoma on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. The main sites of metastasis included the lungs, lymph nodes, soft tissues, and liver. The majority of patients receiv

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9

DiVincenzo, Mallory, Lorena Suarez-Kelly, Maribelle Moufawad, et al. "736 MicroRNA expression patterns in melanomas originating from gynecologic sites." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (2020): A780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0736.

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BackgroundMelanomas originating from gynecologic sites (MOGS) are rare mucosal melanomas originating from the vulva, vagina, and cervix. MOGS are associated with a poor survival rate and limited therapeutic options, as patients often present an advanced disease stage. MiRNAs (miRs) are a class of small, non-coding RNA molecules composed of 21–23 nucleotides that control expression of target genes via post-transcriptional regulation and can exhibit dysregulated expression in cancer. Patterns of miR expression and their effects on disease progression have not yet been explored in the setting of

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10

Sugiyama, Valerie E., John K. Chan, Jacob Y. Shin, Jonathan S. Berek, Kathryn Osann, and Daniel S. Kapp. "Vulvar Melanoma." Obstetrics & Gynecology 110, no. 2, Part 1 (2007): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000271209.67461.91.

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11

Benito, V., B. Vega, A. Lubrano, J. A. García-Hernández, and O. Falcón. "Melanoma vulvar." Progresos de Obstetricia y Ginecología 48, no. 12 (2005): 606–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-5013(05)72463-8.

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12

Panizzon, Renato G. "Vulvar melanoma." Seminars in Dermatology 15, no. 1 (1996): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1085-5629(96)80021-6.

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13

de Hullu, Joanne A., Harry Hollema, Harald J. Hoekstra, et al. "Vulvar melanoma." Cancer 94, no. 2 (2002): 486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.10230.

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14

Șandru, Florica, M. C. Dumitrașcu, Cezara Teodorescu, Raluca Gabriela Miulescu, Aida Petca, and Adelina Popa. "VULVAR MELANOMA – THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS." Romanian Journal of Clinical Research 3, no. 1 (2020): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33695/rjcr.v3i1.45.

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Melanoma can develop both on the skin and in the mucosa at different levels: respiratory, gastrointestinal or genital, due to the melanocyte content of these tissues. In most cases, the prognosis of melanoma at the mucosal level has a much worse prognosis compared to that for melanoma at the tegument level. Symptoms described by patients with vulvar melanoma include bleeding, itching, vaginal discharge, dyspareunia or a palpable / visible tumor formation. We present the case of a 56-year-old, presented to our service with macula about 3.5 cm in diameter, dark brown color, and irregular edges,

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15

Lorenz, Anna, Mateusz Kozłowski, Sebastian Lenkiewicz, Sebastian Kwiatkowski, and Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska. "Cutaneous Melanoma versus Vulvovaginal Melanoma—Risk Factors, Pathogenesis and Comparison of Immunotherapy Efficacy." Cancers 14, no. 20 (2022): 5123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14205123.

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Cutaneous melanoma is a relatively common neoplasm, with fairly well understood pathogenesis, risk factors, prognosis and therapeutic protocols. The incidence of this disease is increasing every year. The situation is different for rare malignancies such as vulvar melanomas and for the even rarer vaginal melanomas. The risk factors for vulvovaginal tumors are not fully understood. The basis of treatment in both cases is surgical resection; however, other types of treatments such as immunotherapy are available. This paper focuses on comparing the pathogenesis and risk factors associated with th

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16

Verschraegen, C. F., M. Benjapibal, W. Supakarapongkul, et al. "Vulvar melanoma at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center: 25 years later." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 11, no. 5 (2001): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200109000-00004.

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The purpose of this study was to review the clinical course of patients diagnosed with vulvar melanoma. Charts of patients diagnosed between 1970 and 1997 were reviewed for demographics, lesion characteristics, disease duration and extent, and treatments. Actuarial survival curves were computed by the Kaplan Meier method and compared by Cox proportional hazards regressions. Fifty-one patients (median age 54) with vulvar melanoma presented with a vulvar mass (39%), pain (30%), bleeding (24%), and itching (20%). Anatomical distribution was mucosa of the vulva (65%), vulvar epidermal site (21%),

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17

DiVincenzo, Mallory J., Colin D. Angell, Lorena P. Suarez-Kelly, et al. "Expression of microRNAs and their target genes in melanomas originating from gynecologic sites." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (2023): e0285804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285804.

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Melanomas from gynecologic sites (MOGS) are rare and have poor survival. MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate gene expression and are dysregulated in cancer. We hypothesized that MOGS would display unique miR and mRNA expression profiles. The miR and mRNA expression profile in RNA from formalin fixed, paraffin embedded vaginal melanomas (relative to vaginal mucosa) and vulvar melanomas (relative to cutaneous melanoma) were measured with the Nanostring Human miRNA assay and Tumor Signaling mRNA assay. Differential patterns of expression were identified for 21 miRs in vaginal and 47 miRs in vulvar melanoma

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18

Stojic, Marko, Milos Pantelic, Jovan Ugarkovic, Gabriel-Stefan Nadj, and Aleksandra Ilic. "Vulvar malignant melanoma - case report." Medicinski pregled 77, no. 9-12 (2024): 338–43. https://doi.org/10.2298/mpns2412338s.

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Introduction. Vulvar carcinoma is a rare gynecological malignancy, accounting for 0.6 percent of all female cancers. Case Report. A-76-year-old woman presented with a tumorous lesion in the lower third of the left labia majora and minora, measuring approximately 25 mm. A multifocal biopsy was conducted, and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging revealed slight enlargement of a left inguinal solid lymph node. The patient underwent a left hemivulvectomy with inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy. Histopathological analysis confirmed a malignant lentiginous tumor, and inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy revealed

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19

Abu-Rustum, Nadeem R., Catheryn M. Yashar, Rebecca Arend, et al. "Vulvar Cancer, Version 3.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 22, no. 2 (2024): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2024.0013.

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Vulvar cancer is annually diagnosed in an estimated 6,470 individuals and the vast majority are histologically squamous cell carcinomas. Vulvar cancer accounts for 5% to 8% of gynecologic malignancies. Known risk factors for vulvar cancer include increasing age, infection with human papillomavirus, cigarette smoking, inflammatory conditions affecting the vulva, and immunodeficiency. Most vulvar neoplasias are diagnosed at early stages. Rarer histologies exist and include melanoma, extramammary Paget’s disease, Bartholin gland adenocarcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and sarco

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20

Mert, Ismail, Assaad Semaan, Ira Winer, Robert T. Morris, and Rouba Ali-Fehmi. "Vulvar/Vaginal Melanoma." International Journal of Gynecological Cancer 23, no. 6 (2013): 1118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0b013e3182980ffb.

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21

Filippetti, Rossella, and Rossella Pitocco. "Amelanotic Vulvar Melanoma." American Journal of Dermatopathology 37, no. 6 (2015): e75-e77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dad.0b013e3182a18f8c.

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22

Look, K. Y., L. Roth, G. P. Sutton, F. B. Stehman, and C. E. Ehrlich. "Vulvar melanoma reconsidered." Gynecologic Oncology 40, no. 2 (1991): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0090-8258(91)90197-d.

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23

Look, Katherine Y., Lawrence M. Roth, and Gregory P. Sutton. "Vulvar melanoma reconsidered." Cancer 72, no. 1 (1993): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19930701)72:1<143::aid-cncr2820720127>3.0.co;2-m.

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24

Leitao, Mario M. "Management of Vulvar and Vaginal Melanomas: Current and Future Strategies." American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, no. 34 (May 2014): e277-e281. http://dx.doi.org/10.14694/edbook_am.2014.34.e277.

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Melanomas arising in the vulva and vagina are rare and therefore there is minimal data specific to these malignancies. Data are often extrapolated from other cutaneous melanomas, which may or may not be appropriate. Surgery remains the primary treatment modality at initial diagnosis and in select recurrent cases. Wide local excision of the primary lesion not requiring an exenteration, along with sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping, should be routinely considered in vulvar melanomas. Local excision and SLN mapping is difficult and often not considered for vaginal melanomas. Primary exenterative p

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25

Zhou, Hongyu, Xuan Zou, Haoran Li, Lihua Chen, and Xi Cheng. "Construction and validation of a prognostic nomogram for primary vulvar melanoma: a SEER population-based study." Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 50, no. 12 (2020): 1386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyaa137.

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Abstract Background Primary vulvar melanoma was an aggressive and poorly understood gynecological tumor. Unlike cutaneous melanoma, the incidence of vulvar melanoma was low but the survival was poor. There were no standard staging system and no census on treatment strategies of vulvar melanoma. Therefore, we aimed to conduct and validate a comprehensive prognostic model for predicting overall survival of vulvar melanoma and provide guidance for clinical management. Methods Patients diagnosed with vulvar melanoma between year 2004 and 2015 from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER)

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26

Cocorocchio, Emilia, Laura Pala, Fabio Conforti, Elena Guerini-Rocco, Tommaso De Pas, and Pier Francesco Ferrucci. "Successful treatment with avapritinib in patient with mucosal metastatic melanoma." Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 12 (January 2020): 175883592094615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758835920946158.

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Metastatic vulvar melanoma is a rare and aggressive disease and survival is usually poor. Vulvar melanomas harbor BRAF V600 mutations only infrequently; consequently, target therapy is a rare therapeutic option and immunotherapy usually has only a weak effect. On the other hand, KIT mutations are rare in cutaneous melanomas, but relatively frequent in mucosal melanomas, particularly in vulvar-vaginal melanomas, and can be a therapeutic target. Herein, we report a clinical case of a patient with metastatic vulvar melanoma, harboring an exon 17 c-KIT mutation, treated with avapritinib (BLU-285)

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27

Li, Wenjing, Jingzhi Song, Yiming Sun, and Zhumei Cui. "Multiple metastases after surgery for a rare vulvar malignant melanoma combined with immunotherapy: a case report." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 11 (2020): 030006052096539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520965398.

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We herein describe the preoperative and postoperative clinical data of a patient with a rare case of vulvar malignant melanoma and discuss her clinical characteristics and prognosis. After surgical resection and immunotherapy, the patient’s illness continued to worsen. She then received local vulvar radiotherapy. However, further treatment was discontinued because of intolerable complications of radiotherapy, and the patient died about 18 months postoperatively. Management of vulvar malignant melanoma is challenging. No unified, effective, and standardized diagnostic and treatment plan has bee

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28

Heller, Debra, Maureen Moomjy, John Koulos, and Daniel Smith. "Vulvar and Vaginal Melanoma." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 50, no. 5 (1995): 360–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199505000-00017.

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29

Trimble, Edward L., John L. Lewis, Laura L. Williams, et al. "Management of vulvar melanoma." Gynecologic Oncology 45, no. 3 (1992): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0090-8258(92)90300-8.

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30

Egan, Conleth A. "Vulvar Melanoma in Childhood." Archives of Dermatology 133, no. 3 (1997): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1997.03890390083011.

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31

Egan, C. A. "Vulvar melanoma in childhood." Archives of Dermatology 133, no. 3 (1997): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.133.3.345.

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32

Dunton, Charles J., and David Berd. "Vulvar melanoma, biologically different from other cutaneous melanomas." Lancet 354, no. 9195 (1999): 2013–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(99)00390-6.

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33

Linehan, Anna, Emily Harrold, Keith Pilson, and John McCaffrey. "Recurrent vulvar melanoma in a patient with neurofibromatosis and gastrointestinal stromal tumour." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 1 (2019): e224744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-224744.

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We report a case of a 51-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis who presented in 2012 with postmenopausal bleeding. Excision biopsy of a pigmented lesion of the labia minora was consistent with an ulcerated vulvar BRAF wild type malignant melanoma (MM). Initial excision was followed by radical vulvectomy and adjuvant interferon. Local recurrence in January 2017 was further resected. Positron emission tomography (PET)-CT in May 2017 identified an FDG avid omental deposit; consistent histologically with MM when resected. Postoperative PET-CT in August 2017 demonstrated local recurrence. In the se

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34

Dobrosavljević, Danijela, Dimitrije Brašanac, Silvana Lukić, et al. "Ringlike pattern as a dermatoscopy sign for vulvar melanosis does not preclude synchronous existence of vulvar melanoma." JEADV Journal European Academy Dermatology & Venerology 33, no. 9 (2019): e312- e315. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15589.

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......The ringlike pattern is the most frequent finding (82%) associated with vulvar melanosis with multifocal aspect.10 According to our opinion, the ringlike pattern in recurrent VM could be the sign of multifocal process that warrants careful examination of the whole vulva , not to miss VM recurrence in adjacent parts of the pigmented lesion. VM recurrence at the location diagonal to the thickest part of the initial tumour support s the concept of mucosal VM as a multifocal disorder , and suggests that VM is a consequence of “field effect“ in affected women........

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35

Ragnarsson-Olding, B., L. Kanter-Lewensohn, B. Lagerlöf, B. Nilsson, and U. Ringborg. "Vulvar melanoma are different from cutaneous melanoma." European Journal of Cancer 35 (September 1999): S370—S371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(99)81921-2.

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36

Sánchez-Prieto, Manuel, Francesc Fargas, Francesc Tresserra, María González-Cao, Sonia Baulies, and Rafael Fábregas. "Surgical Management of Vulvar Melanoma: A Case Series." Case Reports in Oncology 14, no. 2 (2021): 1144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000517820.

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Vulvar malignant melanoma is the second most common subtype of vulvar cancer, accounting for 5–10% of all vulvar cancers. The prognosis is still very poor, although some advances have been achieved in the last years. One of the most significant changes in its management has been the development of less invasive surgical techniques that diminish the risk of postoperative morbidity and long-lasting sequelae. In this article, we review the surgical management of the pathology, based on the comment of 3 cases with vulvar melanoma treated at our institution.

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Dunaevskaya, V. "Characteristics of vaginal and vulvar microbiota in patients with vulvar precancerous lesions and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 52 (January 31, 2024): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.52.112.

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The aim of the study was to analyze the composition of the microbiota of the vagina and vulva in patients with precancerous lesions of the vulva in comparison with healthy controls and in women with vulvar cancer. Materials and methods. 286 women with vulvar lesions aged from 25 to 70 years and 60 gynecologically healthy women (30 under 50 years and 30 after 50 years) were included in the study. Patients with vulvar lesions were divided into 5 groups: 87 women with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva (VHSIL) dependent on the human papilloma virus (HPV) (Group 1 - G1), 154 women w

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38

Primo, Walquíria Quida Salles Pereira. "Câncer de vulva: aspectos clínicos e tratamento." Revista Brasileira de Patologia do Trato Genital Inferior 8, no. 2 (2025): 53–55. https://doi.org/10.5327/2237-4574-2024820016.

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O câncer de vulva é uma doença rara, representa de 3 a 5% das neoplasias ginecológicas malignas. Acomete mais mulheres idosas e de baixa renda. O tipo histológico mais frequente é o carcinoma de células escamosas (de 80 a 90%), seguido por melanoma, sarcoma e basocelular. É importante ressaltar que não existe rastreamento de câncer de vulva e o diagnóstico é realizado por meio do estudo histopatológico, ou seja, biópsia de lesão vulvar suspeita. Nos últimos anos, muitas mudanças foram feitas em relação ao tratamento do câncer vulvar, o que inclui cirurgia mais conservadora, ou seja, abordagem

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Skugar-Skvarskaya, S. A., A. А. Kireev, and S. M. Dostieva. "CYTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF VULVAR MALIGNANT MELANOMA. CASE REPORT." Laboratornaya i klinicheskaya meditsina. Farmatsiya, no. 14 (2024): 41–46. https://doi.org/10.14489/lcmp.2024.04.pp.041-046.

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Vulvar malignant melanoma is a rare disease and poses a serious problem for women's health. This pathology is characterized by a high degree of malignancy and an unfavorable prognosis. The article presents a clinical observation demonstrating the possibilities of cytological examination to detect vulvar melanoma in a 67-year-old patient.

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40

Johnson, Terri L., Neelam B. Kumar, Curtis D. White, and George W. Morley. "Prognostic Features of Vulvar Melanoma." International Journal of Gynecological Pathology 5, no. 2 (1986): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004347-198605020-00002.

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41

Kumar, Neelam B., Curtis D. White, and George W. Morley. "Prognostic Features of Vulvar Melanoma." International Journal of Gynecological Pathology 5, no. 2 (1986): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004347-198606000-00002.

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42

Pessini, S. A., G. P. G. Silveira, and M. R. F. Silva. "SENTINEL NODE IN VULVAR MELANOMA." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 13, Suppl 1 (2003): 106.4–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200303001-00392.

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JOHNSON, TERRI L., NEELAM B. KUMAR, CURTIS D. WHITE, and GEORGE W. MORLEY. "Prognostic Features of Vulvar Melanoma." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 41, no. 11 (1986): 719–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006254-198611000-00021.

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Dobrică, Elena-Codruța, Cristina Vâjâitu, Carmen Elena Condrat, et al. "Vulvar and Vaginal Melanomas—The Darker Shades of Gynecological Cancers." Biomedicines 9, no. 7 (2021): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070758.

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Melanomas of the skin are poorly circumscribed lesions, very frequently asymptomatic but unfortunately with a continuous growing incidence. In this landscape, one can distinguish melanomas originating in the mucous membranes and located in areas not exposed to the sun, namely the vulvo-vaginal melanomas. By contrast with cutaneous melanomas, the incidence of these types of melanomas is constant, being diagnosed in females in their late sixties. While hairy skin and glabrous skin melanomas of the vulva account for 5% of all cancers located in the vulva, melanomas of the vagina and urethra are p

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Carbó-Bagué, Anna, Jordi Rubió-Casadevall, Montserrat Puigdemont, et al. "Epidemiology and Molecular Profile of Mucosal Melanoma: A Population-Based Study in Southern Europe." Cancers 14, no. 3 (2022): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14030780.

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Background: Mucosal melanoma is a rare neoplasm on which few epidemiological population-based studies have been published. A good surgical approach is the standard treatment, but the prognosis is worse than that of skin melanoma. The analysis of mucosal melanoma’s mutational profile can help to develop target therapies in advanced disease or adjuvant settings. Methods: We analyzed the database of the Cancer Registry of Girona, a region located in the north-east of Spain, in the period of 1994–2018. We selected cases of primary invasive melanoma, excluding those located in the skin, eye, centra

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46

Günther, Veronika, I. Alkatout, C. Lez, et al. "Malignant Melanoma of the Urethra: A Rare Histologic Subdivision of Vulvar Cancer with a Poor Prognosis." Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/385175.

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Malignant melanoma of the urethra is a rare tumour that is difficult to diagnose and treat, resulting in a poor prognosis. In this paper, we present the case of a 65-year-old woman who was referred to a gynaecologist because of a urethral mass that mimicked a caruncle. The tumour was removed by local excision, and a pathological analysis revealed a malignant melanoma. Distal urethrectomy was performed after three months with no evidence of residual tumour. There was no evidence of disease at a six-year followup. In this paper, we compare the epidemiology, treatment, staging, and prognosis of v

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47

Glavy, Jena C., Shian L. Peterson, Jonathan Strain, Kevin Byrd, and James H. Flint. "Metastatic Endometrioid Carcinoma Mimicking a Subungual Melanoma." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (2022): 14494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114494.

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Case: We report a case of a 76-year-old female with a stage IB, grade I endometrioid endometrial carcinoma who presented with right-hip pain and an enlarging black, exophytic, subungual lesion on her right-small-finger distal phalanx. Clinically, the distal phalanx lesion was suspicious for a subungual melanoma; however, advanced imaging suggested metastatic disease, with lesions in the acetabulum, lungs, brain, vulva, and vagina. Conclusion: Partial amputation of the right, small finger and vulvar biopsies confirmed an endometrial carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first described case

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Terlou, Annelinde, Leen J. Blok, Theo J. M. Helmerhorst, and Marc van Beurden. "Premalignant epithelial disorders of the vulva: squamous vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, vulvar Paget's disease and melanoma in situ." Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 89, no. 6 (2010): 741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016341003739575.

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Grewal, Sungat K., Philip E. Leboit, and Drew K. Saylor. "Mohs for Vulvar Melanoma In Situ." Dermatologic Surgery 47, no. 5 (2021): 695–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dss.0000000000002907.

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SHIBUYA, Yoshinao, Mariko SAITO, Keiko KOUCHI, et al. "Three cases of vulvar malignant melanoma." Skin Cancer 26, no. 2 (2011): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5227/skincancer.26.148.

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