Academic literature on the topic 'VUT 714'

Admission blood lactate concentration has been shown to be a useful indicator of disease severity in human medicine and numerous studies have associated hyperlactatemia with patients at high risk of death who should be treated aggressively regardless of the cause of the lactate generation. The degree and duration of hyperlactacidaemia also have been correlated with the subsequent development of organ failure. Similarly, in a small number of studies about equine colic, blood lactate concentration has been investigated as a useful prognostic variable . In neonatal foals blood lactate was studied first by Magdesian (2003) who described venous blood lactate concentration in 14 normal foals during the initial 48 hours post-partum. A preliminary study about lactate concentration in foals presenting to a neonatal intensive care unit reported that surviving foals had earlier lactate clearance. The measurement of blood lactate concentration is traditionally available with a wet chemistry laboratory method or with blood-gas analyzers, for clinicians working at university or large private hospital. But this methods may not be easily accessible to many practitioners in field conditions. Several relatively inexpensive, easy to use and rapid pocket size monitors to measure lactate concentration have been validated in human patients and athletes. None of these portable lactate analyzer have been evaluated in clinically normal neonatal foals or in foals referred to a neonatal intensive care unit. The aims of this study were to validate the Lactate Scout analyzer in neonatal foals, investigating the correlation between lactate concentration in whole blood measured with the portable monitor and measured in plasma with the reference laboratory analyzer. The effect of hematocrit (Hct) on the accuracy of Lactate Scout was also evaluated. Further, we determined the utility of venous lactate measurement in critically-ill foals, describing lactate values in the most frequent neonatal pathologies, evaluating serial blood lactate measurements during hospitalization and investigating its prognostic value. The study also describes normal range for lactate in healthy neonatal foals during the first 72 hours of life.

Nel presente studio ci si è proposti di valutare la presenza e diffusione della leishmaniosi in una provincia dell’Italia centrale (Rieti) che, per caratteristiche ambientali (prevalentemente montuosa, clima freddo-secco) poco sembra prestarsi al ciclo della malattia. A questo scopo sono stati calcolati: i) sieroprevalenza grezza nella popolazione canina (2006-2013) e prevalenza media annuale ii) casi di leishmaniosi viscerale (LV) e cutanea (LC) (2000-2013). Catture di flebotomi sono state effettuate per due stagioni consecutive (2011-2012) per ogni sito sono stati registrati i dati climatici (temperatura, umidità etc.) ed altitudine. I flebotomi sono stati sottoposti a ricerca di Leishmania mediante PCR. La sieroprevalenza grezza per leishmania varia da 0 a 76,9% e la prevalenza media annuale non presenta un trend lineare. Sono stati registrati 6 casi di LV tutti in pazienti italiani tutti residenti in provincia di Rieti. I flebotomi sono stati rilevati in 5 dei 6 siti monitorati fino agli 800 m s.l.m., seppur con basse densità. Sono state identificate le seguenti specie: P. perniciosus (6,4 %), P. perfiliewi (1,8%), P. mascittii (0,1%) e S. minuta (91,7 %). E’ stata rilevata una correlazione statisticamente significativa (r=0,69, p<0,001) tra numero di flebotomi e temperatura giornaliera (Tmed°C) ed una correlazione negativa significativa (r= -0,51, p<0,05) con l’umidità relativa (Umed%). La ricerca di leishmania ha dato esito negativo in tutti i flebotomi analizzati. Questi rilievi suggeriscono l’endemia della leishmaniosi nella provincia di Rieti.<br>The aim of this study is to describe the presence and diffusion of leishmaniasis in a province of Central Italy (Rieti) not optimal for the disease transmission for its environmental conditions (dry-cold weather, 70% highlands). We estimated i) Canine raw seroprevalence (2006-2013) and mean annual prevalence ii) cases of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis (VL, CL) (2000-2013). Phlebotomine sand flies were trapped during two seasons (2011-2012) and meteorological data and altitude were recorded for each site. The phlebotomines were submitted to Leishmania spp detection by PCR. The raw seroprevalence ranged from 0-76,9% and the mean annual prevalence does not show a linear trend. Six cases of VL were detected in italian patients who reside in the province. Phlebotomine sand flies were found in 5/6 sites until 800 m above s.l., with low density. Four species were identified: P. perniciosus (6,4 %), P. perfiliewi (1,8%), P. mascittii (0,1%) and S. minuta (91,7 %). The number of phlebotomines resulted positively correlated (r=0,69, p<0,001) with the mean daily temperature (Tmed°C) while a significant negative correlation (r= -0,51, p<0,05) was found with mean relative humidity (Umed%). Leishmania spp. was not detected. These findings suggest the endemic status of leishmaniasis in the province.

Bus-based Park and Ride (P&R) schemes have become increasingly popular over the past 40 years in the UK, as a result of them being considered a positive traffic reduction policy by many, not least local authorities. There have nevertheless been concerns over the true effects of P&R. For instance, surveys of P&R users have long since revealed that up to a third transfer from conventional public transport. This induces car travel for the access portion of the P&R trip, which is generally large compared to the bus portion, owing to the edge-of-town location of P&R sites. Combined with the mileage effects of high-frequency bus services, evidence has suggested that P&R may thus result in an increase, compared to alternative travel behaviour, in the mean vehicle miles travelled (VMT) of its users. This thesis aims to investigate how UK bus-based P&R may be developed to reduce users VMT. As such, it applies to P&R the Characteristics Approach to Consumer Demand and delineates the attributes of interchange from which users derive utility. The research also develops this approach to consider the characteristics that affect the traffic impacts of P&R. The characteristics of P&R are adjusted to provide alternative concepts of interchange that aim to reduce VMT. These concepts are then examined to understand the level of utility that they are likely to provide. Local authorities perceptions of utility are examined initially, through a national survey which also looks at general attitudes towards P&R, its effects and its future. The city of Cambridge (UK) is selected as a case study in which an in-depth document analysis and interview survey of local stakeholders is carried out to understand the role of P&R in local policy and the implications of the implementation of alternative concepts of interchange. In this context, a survey of P&R users is also undertaken which considers the VMT effects of the current and alternative concepts of P&R as well as the change in the level of utility that would be derived from using them. It is concluded that local authorities generally consider P&R to be an effective policy in reducing car use whilst also playing important roles in the local economy and political arena. Yet the evidence on the Cambridge P&R scheme suggests that VMT is increased to a higher degree than previously proven. Alternative concepts of interchange are shown to offer some potentially significant benefits by reducing the VMT of users. Furthermore, some of the alternative concepts are also shown to offer benefits in terms of the utility that they may provide to the user, and the perceptions on this by local authorities. The VMT and utility results are combined to suggest that future implementation of interchange should consider operating feeder bus services into interchange sites (an intermediate solution offering some VMT benefits with relatively small resource requirements) or, operating a series of small interchange sites along main access routes to host cities (likely to require more resources but providing significant VMT benefits).

L'objectif poursuivi dans cette étude est de vérifier si une organisation de pratiques variées facilite l'apprentissage d'une tâche motrice particulière, ainsi que sa réutilisation dans des environnements nécessitant des adaptations fréquentes de nature variable. La clientèle visée par cette étude est constituée de quatre jeunes adultes ayant une déficience intellectuelle sévère ou profonde. Comme il n'existe pas de théorie de l'apprentissage moteur adaptée à cette clientèle particulière, la théorie de référence utilisée est celle de Schmidt (1975) de même que son modèle conceptuel de la performance humaine (Schmidt, 1993). Sur la base des données fournies par Schmidt (1993), il est donc décidé d'utiliser des modes de pratique variés, tels: la pratique bloquée ou aléatoire et la pratique constante ou variable. La mise en application de ces divers modes vise à produire une interférence contextuelle haute qui favoriserait l'apprentissage et le transfert de l'habileté motrice d'un milieu éducatif à un milieu familial. Cette étude est de nature exploratoire et qualitative, ainsi que de type"étude de cas"."--Résumé abrégé par UMI

Dans le contexte actuel de l'immigration tant au Canada qu'au Québec, les transformations démographiques sont notables et se reflètent dans la population, plus particulièrement à Montréal. La Charte de la langue française de 1977, visant l'intégration des immigrants à la majorité francophone fut l'élément déclencheur du nouveau visage de la population scolaire montréalaise. Désormais, les classes d'accueil jouent un rôle-clé permettant cette intégration. Ces changements dans la population scolaire entraînent nécessairement de nouveaux défis pour les acteurs scolaires. Dans cette optique, les objectifs découlant de la question centrale de notre recherche sont: Objectif 1: Identifier les représentations sociales des troubles du comportement d'élèves du secondaire fréquentant une classe d'accueil selon le point de vue d'enseignants, de la direction, de parents et d'élèves, Objectifs 2 : Analyser et comparer ces différentes représentations sociales des troubles du comportement telles que décrites par les quatre acteurs scolaires. Cette recherche est de type qualitatif, descriptif et exploratoire. Notre collecte de données a été effectuée dans deux écoles secondaires de la région montréalaise. Nous avons utilisé trois instruments méthodologiques: 1) entrevues semi-dirigées auprès des enseignants, de la direction et de parents; 2) des groupes de discussion auprès d'élèves de classes d'accueil, 3) des observations en classe. Huit catégories retenues de la typologie des comportements-types de Brophy et Rohrkemper (1981) ont permis de bâtir les canevas d'entrevue. La description et l'analyse des données ont été réalisées selon le modèle interactif d'analyse de contenu de Huberman et Miles (1991). Les représentations sociales de chaque acteur scolaire pour chaque catégorie de comportement ont été exposées. En conclusion, la triangulation des données et des méthodes nous a permis de constater que, de façon consensuelle, les acteurs scolaires des deux écoles ne considèrent pas les catégories de comportement d'ordre sous-réactifs comme des troubles du comportement (n= 4/8). Par ailleurs, aucun consensus n'est relevé quant aux catégories qu'ils considèrent comme des troubles du comportement. Enfin, l'identification et la comparaison de ces représentations sociales permettront certes des précisions au niveau de la formation des maîtres et au niveau du développement de la relation école-famille. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Trouble du comportement, Représentation sociale, Classe d'accueil, Adolescent immigrant, Enseignant, Direction, Parent immigrant, École secondaire, Entrevue-semi-dirigée, Groupe de discussion.