To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Vyborg (Russia).
Journal articles on the topic 'Vyborg (Russia)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 34 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Vyborg (Russia).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Abashin, V. G., P. E. Krynyukov, and P. A. Dulin. "The unfulfi lled project of Dominico Trezzini — Nevsko-vyborgskaya strelka (to the 225th anniversary of the Military Medical Academy)." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 99, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/0023-2149-2021-99-3-217-220.
Full textAbstract:
The article is dedicated to the history of medicine in Russia in the 18–19th centuries. It focuses on the construction of military hospitals on the Vyborg side, the formation of the Nevsky facade of the Vyborg side, and the architects of St. Petersburg.
2
Laitila, Teuvo. "From Russian Guberniya to Part of Finland: The Legislative Position of the Orthodox Church and People in the Grand Duchy of Finland in the Nineteenth Century." Chronos 21 (April 30, 2019): 7–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31377/chr.v21i0.481.
Full textAbstract:
What is today the Republic of Finland, had since the twelfth century been more or less a part of Sweden. In 1807 Russia promised to support the French supremacy policy in Western Europe in return for French support for the Russian seizure of Finland. A year later, Russia invaded Finland and occupied the whole country. In the 1809 Treaty of Fredikshamn (in Finnish, Hamina), Finland was annexed to Russia as an autonomous Grand Duchy. Three years later the southeastern part of Finland, the so-called 'Old Finland, or what in Russian was called the guberniya of Vyborg (in Finnish, Viipuri) — a territory Russia had taken between 1721 and 1743 — was incorporated into the rest of Finland. An overwhelming majority of around twenty-five to thirty thousand Orthodox people2 on Finnish soil lived in that territory, particularly in the Finno-Russian border area called Karelia. Administratively they were part of the Metropolinate of St Petersburg, although their closest superior was the Spiritual Board (later Consistory) at Vyborg (a town close to St Petersburg). At the local level they were divided into eight Finnish or Karelian-speaking parishes. In addition, there were three Russian-speaking parishes consisting of a few thousand members. During the nineteenth century, new parishes were established so that in 1890, there were 26 parishes with nearly 51 000 members, of which some one-fifth were Russian-speaking
3
Saksa, A. "Mediaeval Vyborg — a town built on a rock." Archaeological News 31 (2021): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/1817-6976-2021-31-354-358.
Full textAbstract:
Vyborg is a town unique in the entire region of Scandinavia and Baltic littoral, as well as in North- Western Russia, since it was founded and built on the outcrop of the Baltic Shield with its uneven surface. The founda- tion of the town was related with the construction of the Vyborg Castle in 1293 and the endeavour of the Swedes to strengthen themselves in this territory won from Novgorod. The history of the development of the urban architecture presented in this paper, as well as its peculiarities and the techniques employed by the builders, will interest all those who are concerned with cities of the region of the Baltic Sea and North-Western Russia.
4
Neiberte, Brigita, Antons Jablonsky, Galia Shulga, Anrijs Verovkins, Sanita Vitolina, and Julia Brovkina. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDUSTRIAL LIGNOSULFONATES AND SOME THEIR PROPERTIES." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 20, 2019): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol3.4121.
Full textAbstract:
The aim was to compare the chemical composition and some properties of three industrial lignosulfonates produced as a by-product at three pulp and paper mills (Russia). Using the classical methods of lignin chemistry, it was found that there were differences in the elemental composition and the content of functional groups of the industrial lignosulfonates, but in general, they were not very significant. The Kondopoga lignosulfonates contained the highest content of methoxy, aliphatic hydroxyl groups and carbonyl groups. The Vyborg lignosulfonates had the highest degree of sulfonation and the lowest content of carbonyl groups. The content of the functional groups in the chemical composition of the Syassky lignosulfonates was intermediate between the functional composition of the Vyborg and Kondopoga lignosulfonates. The Vyborg lignosulfonates had the lowest values of the viscosity average molecular mass, dynamic viscosity and surface tension at the air-water interface in comparison with these parameters of the Kondopoga and Syassky lignosulfonates.
5
Rämö, T. "Isotopic composition of pyterlite in Vyborg (Viipuri), Wiborg batholith, Russia." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland 73, no. 1-2 (December 2001): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17741/bgsf/73.1-2.009.
Full text
6
Лебедев, П. А., Л. П. Трофимук, А. В. Карамышева, and Р. К. Пузанский. "УСПЕШНЫЙ ОПЫТ АККЛИМАТИЗАЦИИ КЕДРОВОГО СТЛАНИКА (PINUS PUMILA (PALL.) REGEL) НА СЕВЕРЕ ЛЕНИНГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ." Biosfera 12, no. 4 (November 13, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v12i4.553.
Full textAbstract:
The Siberian dwarf pine (Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel) has been successfully acclimatized on the northern shore of Glubokoye lake (Vyborg District of the Leningrad Region, the Russian Federation). This is the largest population (56 plants) of dwarf pine in Leningrad Region comprised of adult plants brought from the native habitat of the species. A survey of this population and statistical processing of data were carried out in comparison with the long known P. pumula population of the Scientific Experimental Station "Otradnoye" (Botanical Institute of the Russia Academy of Sciences). The dwarf pine successfully tolerates the present-day climate of the Northwest of Russia and yields full-grain seeds.
7
Bulakh, Andrey, Paavo Härmä, Elena Panova, and Olavi Selonen. "Rapakivi granite in the architecture of St Petersburg: a potential Global Heritage Stone from Finland and Russia." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 486, no. 1 (2020): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp486-2018-5.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractRapakivi granites were in use during the Middle Ages in Finland. Their most spectacular use, however, was for structures built in St Petersburg between 1760 and 1917. Remarkable examples are the majestic and slender Alexander Column and the 112 columns of St Isaac's Cathedral. All Rapakivi granite was extracted from the Wiborg Rapakivi granite batholith in several quarries around the municipality of Virolahti in SE Finland (old Russia). Today, the 1640 Ma-old Wiborg batholith is the most important area for natural stone production in Finland and in the Leningrad region, Russian Federation. The main quarried stone varieties of Rapakivi granite (Baltic Brown, Baltic Green, Carmen Red, Karelia Red, Eagle Red and Balmoral Red) are regularly produced in large quantities in Finland for the global stone market due to the stone's unique qualities. Examples of applications in Rapakivi granite from Finland can be found in the USA, China, South Africa, the UK, Italy, Austria, Ireland, Spain and Germany as well as in Scandinavia and Russia. There are also quarries near Vyborg, the Russian Federation: Vozrozhdenie and Ala-Noskua.
8
Leushina, E. G. "Mosses of Vyborgsky Sanctuary (Leningrad Region)." Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 46 (2012): 279–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2012.46.279.
Full textAbstract:
Vyborgsky Sanctuary occupies the coastal zone of the Gulf of Finland and Vyborg Bay, the northern part of the Kiperort Peninsula, Lisy Island and about 40 adjacent small islands. The annotated list of 171 moss species and brief analysis of the moss flora are provided. Aulacomnium androgynum (Hedw.) Schwagr. is included in The Red Data Book of Russia (2008), Ulota drummondii (Hook. et Grev.) Brid. is new for the Leningrad Region and 9 species are protected in the Leningrad Region.
9
Kotkova, V. M. "New data on aphyllophoraceous fungi of the protected areas of the Leningrad Region. VII. Planned protected areas of the Vyborg District." Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 49 (2015): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2015.49.161.
Full textAbstract:
The paper provides the first data on aphyllophoroid fungi of planned protected areas «Lakes Anisimovskiye» (Kemppilä), «Vesenniy» and «Prigranichny» (Paatio) (Vyborg District, Leningrad Region). Among 107 species of fungi recorded for natural monument «Lakes Anisimovskiye» (А), 7 species are protected in the Lenin grad Region. Among 91 species of fungi recorded for natural monument «Vesenniy» (В), Athelia tenuispora and Hyphodermella corrugata are new for the Leningrad Region, and 10 species are protected in the Region. In a planned regional complex sanctuary «Prigranichny» (П) 69 species of aphyllophoroid fungi were found, including Tretomyces microsporus recorded for the first time in Russia, and 6 species protected in the Leningrad Region. New localities of Ganoderma lucidum from Red Data Book of Russian Federation (Krasnaya…, 2008) were found in the planned protected areas «Vesenniy» and «Prigranichny».
10
Kaisto, Virpi, and Olga Brednikova. "Lakes, presidents and shopping on mental maps: children’s perceptions of the Finnish–Russian border and the borderland." Fennia - International Journal of Geography 197, no. 1 (April 21, 2019): 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11143/fennia.73208.
Full textAbstract:
The Finnish–Russian borderland has transformed in the last three decades from two isolated national territories into a transition zone, where the ‘other’ culture and society is ever more present. This paper analyses what kinds of perceptions Finnish and Russian children have of the border and the borderland today. It also examines children’s territorial identifications in the borderland. The research is based on 263 mental maps collected from 9–15-year-old children in the cities of Lappeenranta (Finland) and Vyborg (Russia) and the village of Pervomayskoe (Russia) between 2013 and 2017. The analysis of the maps illustrates that the children participating in the study perceive the Finnish–Russian border mainly as a place for border crossings, although they continue to use the border as a tool for constructing socio-spatial distinctions. In this way, the children actively participate in processes of bordering and play an important part in the social life of the borderland. The participants’ perceptions of the borderland are connected to the national and local contexts that they live in but vary widely between individuals. The paper argues that the local border-related phenomena and children’s border-crossing experiences are increasingly relevant for their national and local identification processes. Besides providing novel information regarding Finnish and Russian children’s perceptions and identifications in the Finnish–Russian borderland, the paper adjusts the mental mapping method to a borderland context and enhances our understanding of the complexity of the bordering processes taking place in borderlands.
11
Fisun, A. Ya, V. I. Kruglov, and K. A. Paliy. "Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov - 220 years old." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12234.
Full textAbstract:
History of the Military medical academy is inextricably linked with the name of Peter I, who in 1715 laid the Vyborg district of St. Petersburg admiralty and land hospitals. In those hospitals, January 9, 1733 were formed hospital (surgeon’s) school for training local doctors, which were the prototype of the Academy. In 1786, the school joined to the surgeon’s main medical (medical and surgical) school, where seven professorships were established in 1795. December 18,1798 decree issued by Emperor Paul I «On the dispensation at the main hospital buildings for special medical schools and teaching theater». The construction of a special (separate) building made it possible to have the territorial and administrative independence of the educational institution. The main medical school received the status of Medical-Surgical Academy. In1809 the Academy became the Imperial, it was given the status and functions of the Russian academy of medical sciences. At the same period, there were formed three departments - medical, veterinary and pharmaceutical, allowing Academy initiated the medical, veterinary and pharmaceutical higher education in Russia. In 1858, at the Academy the Institute of doctors (the prototype of post-graduate) was created to prepare teachers for the medical faculties of Russian universities. Establishing in 1872 a «special education course for female scientists midwives», converted in 1876 in the women’s medical courses, the Academy has initiated the formation of women’s medical education, which in those days was not the only one in our country but also in Europe. Staff and graduates of the academy have covered themselves with unfading glory in all the wars in which Russia participated. The Academy in the XIX-XX centuries developed world renowned scientific medical schools which live today. Currently, the Military medical academy named after S.M. Kirov is the major higher military medical school, head research institution and a leading military medical establishment of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
12
Sementsov, Sergey, Svetozar Zavarikhin, Yuryi Kurbatov, and Yuryi Pukharenko. "Features of the formation of the St. Petersburg agglomeration by the beginning of the XX century." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 05009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016405009.
Full textAbstract:
The study of the Russian historical St. Petersburg agglomeration at all stages from its foundation (from 1703) until the final imperial stage (1917) required the use of complex functional, urban-planning and landscape, socio-economic, environmental, transport and communication analysis on the basis of data from archives, historical cartography and iconography. The main results were the conclusions that during the XVIII - early XX centuries, there was a crystallization of a huge agglomeration around the city of St. Petersburg, which included three belts: “external”, “middle”, “nearby”, which spatially extended from Yaroslavl (in Central Russia) to Riga (in the Baltic). The paper discusses the features of the formation of the “nearby belt” of agglomeration in the initial (1703 - January 1725) and in the final (1901-1916) development periods. The study revealed a significant role of special types of objects in these processes - estates of the aristocratic society and “garden cities” that provided a belt (around St. Petersburg and the largest settlements and complexes), linear (along radial and ring highways), and nodal (around individual large settlements) construction, spreading in the latitudinal direction from Narva and Ivangorod to the mouth of the Syas river, and in the meridian direction - from Vyborg to the city of Luga. Within the boundaries of this agglomeration zone, four sub-agglomerations had begun to emerge since the 1710s and have fully formed by the 1910s. The materials of the paper can be useful both for historians of urban planning and for modern urbanists.
13
O.V., Kononenko. "The spatiotemporal characteristics of the distribution of radiation frosts over the territory of the North-West region of Russia." Ekologiya i stroitelstvo 3 (2018): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35688/2413-8452-2018-03-005.
Full textAbstract:
To plan agrotechnical measures in changing climate it is necessary to track the dynamics of spatial and temporal changes in agrometeorological factors. Late spring and early autumn frosts are a limiting factor for agricultural crop production. In general, such frosts are of the radiation type. To study the spatial and temporal characteristics of the radiation frosts distribution in the North-West region of Russia, data of daily observations of the standard meteorological network from 1966 to 2015 were used. The change over the time in the average number of days with radiation frosts was calculated for two 25-year periods: from 1966 to 1990 and from 1991 to 2015. Two zones of multidirectional change of the average number of days with radiation frosts in the period from 1991 to 2015 were revealed. The decrease in the average number of days with radiation frosts during this period was recorded at the weather stations of Vologda and Leningrad (except for the weather station Belogorka) and the meteorological station Velikie Luky (Pskov region). At the same time all the weather stations of this zone (with the exception of the Vyborg weather station) are characterized by the higher number of days with radiation frosts then the weather station of the other zone. The increase in the average number of days with radiation frosts during this period was noted at the weather stations of the Pskov, Novgorod, Kaliningrad regions and the weather station Belogorka (Leningrad region).
14
Ierusalimskiy, Yuriy Yu. "Social Democratic Leaflets of the Period of the Decline of the First Russian Revolution in the Upper Volga Region: January 1906 – June 3, 1907." Herald of an archivist, no. 1 (2018): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-1-219-235.
Full textAbstract:
The article studies leaflets of social democratic organizations in the Upper Volga region during the period of the decline of the first Russian revolution. The chronological framework for the study is January 1906 – June 3, 1907. The territorial framework includes the Tver, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, and Vladimir gubernias. Source base of the study is published and unpublished sources: leaflets of the Upper Volga social democratic organizations. In January 1906 the revolutionary movement in Russia was waning. The leaflets of the Upper Volga extreme left organizations echoed regional socio-political life of 1906 – mid-1907: electoral campaigns for the First and the Second State Duma, parliamentary activities of the Social Democrats in the Second Duma, strikes, peasant demonstrations, Vyborg Manifesto, dissolution of the Second State Duma, etc. The social democratic proclamations sharply criticized autocracy, Black Hundreds, liberal parties (especially Kadets), and other socialist parties, their obvious rivals for influence over the exploited masses (especially the Socialist Revolutionaries). The social democratic leaflet literature split in two factions – Bolshevik and Menshevik. During the period of the decline of the revolution, the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks evaluated the events of 1906-1907 differently. After the dissolution of the First State Duma the Bolshevik organizations pushed for an armed uprising, while the Mensheviks called for a peaceful strike. And yet, in the Upper Volga region the distinction between Bolshevik and Menshevik slogans was less pronounced than the scholarship indicate. The analysis of leaflet literature shows that in mid-July 1906 the ‘left bloc’ was reborn once again after the autumn of 1905. The proclamations of the Upper Volga social democratic organizations insisted that the RSDLP was the only true defender of popular interests. Leaflets of the Upper Volga Social Democrats dating from 1906 to 1907 are an important source for the period of the decline of the first Russian revolution.
15
Matveev, A. Yu, I. P. Gavrilova, A. V. Kovyazin, and E. V. Brovkov. "CONSTRUCTION OF FRAME GEODETIC NETWORK FOR ENGINEERING SURVEY OF RAIL TRANSPORT FACILITIES." Engineering survey 12, no. 5-6 (August 16, 2018): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25296/1997-8650-2018-12-5-6-58-71.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing the speed of trains along railroad tracks and the development of satellite geodetic technologies put forward new requirements for the production of the engineering survey at the rail transport facilities. Ensuring the safety of high-speed traffic is directly related to the accuracy of determining the coordinates and heights of the reference geodetic networks created for the design, construction, reconstruction and operation of railways. A large length of Railways in Russia requires solving a number of problems in the conditions of increasing the accuracy of determining the coordinates. High-speed route crosses several regions with its own local coordinate systems. Simplify the design and cadastral works and reduce to minimum linear distortions when performing geodetic measurements, allows the creation of a local coordinate system, unified for the entire route. The technology of creating a unified local coordinate system for linear objects passing through several 6-degree zones in the projection of GaussKruger and objects located at an angle to the axial Meridian is considered on the example of the railway Moscow — Saint-Petersburg — Vyborg. At the basis of a unified local system of the object, it is proposed to use an oblique cylindrical cartographic projection. Implemented a coordinate system in the form of the software, allowing to perform transformations between the local system, the world and state coordinate systems. The paper also considers the practical experience of creating a high-precision geodetic reference network for a high-speed railway traffic route, which can be used for various linear engineering structures. The created frame network can serve as a geodetic base for performing laser scanning, monitoring facilities, creating geoinformation systems and solving other problems that arise during the operation of an engineering facility.
16
Tkachenko, K. G. "Heteromericarpy of Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. (Umbelliferae = Apiaceae)." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 181, no. 4 (January 27, 2021): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2020-4-156-163.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. (family Umbelliferae = Apiaceae) is included in the lists of invasive species in many regions of Russia and European countries. Mericarps (fruits conventionally called seeds) of Heracleum L. spp. are characterized by an underdeveloped embryo and a complex morphophysiological type of dormancy; two-stage stratification is needed for their germination.Methods. In the period from 2014 to 2019, fruits of H. sosnowskyi were collected near settlements in Vyborg and Gatchina Districts, Leningrad Province; collecting was carried out from August through March. Seed size and 1000 seed weight were measured. Germination experiments were performed in the laboratory (22–24°C) monthly, from the time of collection in August until May. Seeds were germinated in Petri dishes on filter paper with three replications.Results. Large seeds on marginal umbellules of the central umbel were the largest in size. Their length was from 0.6 to 1.4 cm, width from 5 to 11 mm, and 1000 seed weight from 9 to 18 g. The length of smaller fruits was from 7 to 9 mm, width from 3 to 5 mm, and 1000 seed weight from 10.5 to 11.8 g. Germination of seeds collected in late summer was protracted. Under laboratory conditions, the emergence of the first seedlings was observed after 5–7 days. For the fruits stored in the laboratory, germination was reduced. Germination rate of stratified seeds varied from 55 to 99%.Conclusion. The biometric parameters of H. sosnowskyi mericarps were slightly affected by the place of growth and the year of maturation. Under laboratory conditions, H. sosnowskyi seeds collected in August showed germination rates from 3 to 15%. In years with a warm and long autumn, part of the fruit germinated in the year of maturation and managed to reach their juvenile state. Plump mericarps remained viable for at least three years. Sosnowsky’s hogweed fruits stored under laboratory conditions lost their germination ability within a year.
17
Pastukh, Olga, Timothy Gray, and Svetlana Golovina. "RECONSTRUCTION AND RESTORATION OF HISTORICAL MONUMENTS: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE." Architecture and Engineering 6, no. 1 (2021): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-1-40-49.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: In addition to recognizing and taking into account the vital need for the maintenance and repair of historical structures, this study will focus on their inherent design potential at the intersection of the new and the old. Purpose of the study: The study aims to review the approach to restoring such landmarks as the library in Vyborg and the Arsenal building in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. We will also focus on the restoration of more mundane structures. In addition to historical monuments, this study will look at instances when there is no attempt to return the buildings to some idealized version of the past, but instead, the restoration process is used to celebrate the qualities of the buildings’ age in the here and now, and to recognize that they are living, evolving, and constantly changing entities. Methods: The study uses the method of analysis, which we apply to the standard solutions for various purposes and objects, in the form of structural and technological protection of cultural heritage sites during their restoration and adaptation. The use of modern restoration materials and protective structures’ construction technologies will help protect the environment while taking into account LEED, BREEAM, the Energy Star program (the USA), and the GREEN ZOOM standards. Results: We offer selected examples from contemporary practice in Europe, the United States, and Russia to illustrate these approaches to restoration, including two student-led architectural installations that explore the creative intersection between the new and the old. Discussion: Discussing the execution of specific restoration and reconstruction projects reveals the importance of international cooperation in the development of educational strategies and practices in the field of conserving and restoring the cultural heritage. The growing volume of conservation and restoration work is putting pressure on the development of research approaches and methodologies aimed at solving practical problems. At the same time, the restorer must be mindful of continuity with the past when reconstructing the more mundane and utilitarian structures that can benefit from less restrictive approaches to the intersection of the old and the new.
18
Blinkov, Leonid, Alexej Zhurbin, and Alexej Surovtsev. "Reconstruction of a Bridge in Vyborg, Russian Fed." Structural Engineering International 10, no. 2 (May 2000): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686600780557811.
Full text
19
Baskina (Malikova), M. E., and A. V. Volkov. "What the Dweller of the Vyborg Side Has Said about Translation." Russkaya literatura 3 (2020): 182–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/0131-6095-2020-3-182-198.
Full textAbstract:
The pseudonym «Dweller of the Vyborg Side» has been written into the history of Russian Romanticism by P. A. Vyazemsky, who gave his programmatic pro-Romantic preface to A. S. Pushkin’s poem "The Fountain of Bakhchisaray" — a title, Conversation Between the Publisher and the Classic from the Vyborg Side or Basil Island (1824). Analysis of the only text published under this pseudonym, the critical article «On Translations», that appeared in three issues of Blagonamerenny magazine in 1822–1823, shows that it was by no means a programmatic attack of the «Classics» of N. A. Tsertelev type, aimed against «the new school of poetry», but a petty, imitative, self-contradictory statement authored presumably by B. M. Fyodorov and A. E. Izmaylov and made primarily in the interests of Blagonamerenny and the inner polemics within VOLRS (Free Society of Champions of Russian Literature).
20
Kairamo, Maija, and Tapani Mustonen. "The Restoration of Central City Alvar Aalto Library in Vyborg." For an Architect’s Training, no. 49 (2013): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/49.a.bytce7dn.
Full textAbstract:
The restoration of the Central City Alvar Aalto Library in Vyborg is completed and was officially inaugurated on 23rd November 2013. The restoration has been a long process which started in 1991. The work was carried out as a Russian–Finnish joint cross–border project within the context of two different socio–cultural societies, customs difficulties, economic fluctuations and currency rates, which could change the situation overnight. The project has been a learning process for all who have participated during the past years.
21
Svjatkovski, Vadim. "Vene valitsuse tollipoliitika 18. sajandi esimesel poolel ja selle rakendamine Narvas [Abstract: Customs Policies of the Russian Government in the first half of the Eighteenth Century and their Implementation in Narva]." Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal 167, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 37–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/aa.2019.1.02.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Customs Policies of the Russian Government in the first half of the Eighteenth Century and their Implementation in Narva
The 18th century in Northern Europe began with a long war that profoundly altered the correlation of forces in the Baltic Sea region. During the war, the Russian authorities carried out large-scale reforms, the objective of which was to modernise the Russian state. The war and the reforms called for large expenditures, and the areas conquered during warfare were treated as a source of revenue, where customs duties could be imposed and collected. The authorities implemented a set of measures to increase state revenues, and the replacement of the old export customs duty system by a new one was among those measures. Russian authorities extended and imposed these reforms on Narva and Vyborg, which were annexed by the Russian state at the time. Though there is a sufficient number of research papers on the 18th century Russian customs duty system, they mainly focus on the subject of either the duty system in general or its implementation in St Petersburg or Arkhangelsk. Less attention has been paid to Narva in this matter. The subject of this article is the examination of the Russian government customs policy in the first half of the 18th century and its implementation in Narva. The causes of the government’s customs policy measures will be researched and the changes that took place will be noted. The object of this article is to analyse the formulation and introduction of customs tariffs in the first half of the 18th century and also to clarify how consistently Russian customs duty policy was implemented in Narva. Particular cases in relation to the introduced tariffs will be examined and the consequent steps taken by the government to resolve them will be observed. Also, incoming receivables of the city treasury received from half of the portorium duty in periods when different tariffs were in effect will be discussed and compared. In the course of this research, records preserved in the Estonian National Archives were consulted: i.e., orders from the Russian government to the Narva customs office, and statistical data on customs duty income.
It has become evident from this research that the new customs tariff was introduced in Narva in 1724 because the authorities wished to promote the recently built St Petersburg port, while at the same time hindering competition from Narva in trade. By comparison, hitherto existing tariffs from the era of Swedish rule remained in effect nearly throughout the entire 18th century in other Estonian and Livonian trading cities. The Russian authorities consistently extended the subsequent tariffs of 1731 and 1757 to Narva. Thereby the Russian government altered the customs system that had been in effect in the era of Swedish rule, setting Narva apart from other Baltic trading cities. In this way, Russian customs policy affected Narva considerably more than any other Baltic trading city, and these alterations influenced the operations of the Narva customs office and the customs duties collected. The tariff of 1724 was by its nature protectionist and therewith high rates were set up.
Depending on the capability of Russian enterprises to supply the state with commodities, the import rate amounted to 37.5, 25 and 12.5 kopecks from a rouble ad valorem. At the same time it was necessary to pay customs duties in standard weight thalers at the compulsory exchange rate of 50 kopecks for a thaler. Nonetheless, the actual price of a thaler was higher than the price of a rouble; consequently the real import rate corresponded to 75, 50 and 25 per cent ad valorem. The required payment of the duty in thalers stemmed from the Russian government’s need for silver. The fact that imported commodities came from the west, where roubles were not in use, also contributed to this requirement.
After the death of Peter I, the government’s point of view changed. The ruling circles realised that Russian industry was not yet sufficiently advanced and was unable to completely satisfy the state’s needs. Moreover, the privileges granted to entrepreneurs did not always contribute to the development of enterprises because their owners abused the rights they had obtained and produced defective products. Additionally, such measures hindered trade by also depriving Russian consumers of the opportunity to buy essential products. On the whole, this also proved harmful for the state, since it furnished favourable conditions for the development of smuggling. The written petitions of foreign and Russian merchants to the Collegium of Commerce, the Senate and Empress Catherine I show that customs duties rates were too high. Therefore it became a necessity to decrease the tariff rate that had been introduced in 1724. In 1726, the Supreme Privy Council decided to establish a trade committee to improve commerce and work out a new customs tariff. As a result of the committee’s activity, the new customs tariff was published in 1731. This tariff considerably reduced the import rate. The previous 75, 50 and 25 per cent import rates were decreased to 20, 10 and 5 per cent, respectively. The first rate was to be levied on commodities that were produced sufficiently in Russia, the second rate was for goods that were produced in relatively small quantities, and the latter rate was for goods that were in short supply in Russia. The customs tariff of 1731 was in force until 1757, when it was replaced with a new one that was also protectionist, similarly to the tariff of 1724.
During the era of Swedish rule, Narva was granted the right to half of the portorium duty, i.e. the accrued revenue of the port duty. The Russian authorities preserved this privilege of Narva; however, the portorium was allotted according to different principles than before. Thus, in the era of Swedish rule, Narva received half of the portorium from all articles of commerce, whereas under Russian rule, the portorium from only a certain portion of commodities was allotted to the city.
Customs tariffs, particularly in 1724, were implemented in haste, without the respective preliminary notification. As a result, merchants could not prepare the necessary documents or modify contracts in time. For that reason, the authorities admitted numerous exceptions and gave in to merchants, replacing trade prohibitions with temporary permissions.
22
Samoilov, V. O., and N. V. Milasheva. "From the hospital barracks to the general hospitals at the Vyborg Side." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 21, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma25956.
Full textAbstract:
For our study, we used lots of documentary materials from the collections of the Russian State Historical Archive in Saint Petersburg, documents from the funds of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts in Moscow relating to the construction of an architectural complex of buildings of the general hospitals at the Vyborg Side in the epoch of Peter the Great. All the facts of the history of construction of the general hospitals are confirmed by archival documents, including decrees and orders by Peter I on the construction of hospital buildings, contractors hiring, by official documents and protocols of the Chancellery of buildings on the non-completed construction of wattle and daub huts for hospital purposes as well as by documents on the run-away contractors, on the demolition of wattle and daub huts and transfer of buildings to Admiralty college«for use as cable sheds», about the stay of the sick and wounded in old wooden hospitals, by documents on the construction of stone buildings of the Admiralty (Marine) and Land military hospitals, the correspondence of the Chancellery of buildings with the Military and the Admiralty collegia, by contractors’ agreements, reports by D. Trezzini on the construction of wattle and daub huts (1718) and stone hospital buildings («Part of hospital buildings at the Vyborg Side…», 1720), reports by D. Trezzini on the prolonged period of construction works and other documents. The study shall be continued.
23
Lasnier, Virginie. "Demobilisation and its Consequences: After the Russian MovementZa chestnye vybory." Europe-Asia Studies 69, no. 5 (May 28, 2017): 771–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2017.1332166.
Full text
24
BOGDANOVA, T. V. "CIVIL GOVERNOR M.M. OREUS IN THE SERVICE IN THE VYBORG (FINLAND) PROVINCE IN 1799–1804." JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 10, no. 1 (2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2225-8272-2021-10-1-39-46.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the article is to review the activities of the civil governor M.M. Oreus in the service in the Vyborg (Finland) province in 1799–1804. The guarantee of an effective mechanism of admin-istration creation as for over than 200-year period of the Russian Empire existence, as for modern conditions, it was and still is the effectiveness of the government policy on the ground. Based on this key task, the most important condition for its implementation at different stages of the development of the country was the effective selection of personnel for the post of a governor. It was the governor responsible for everything happened in his province, and the government expected him to under-stand the tasks assigned to him and take definite steps to solve them. The urgent management problem in these conditions was the strength of administrative resources capable of retaining their effective power in cases of emerging extraordinary situations, including which, will be discussed in this article. Emergency situations in the border areas occurred regularly and required the ob-servance of certain administrative traditions that influenced the success of the governor's initiatives in state tasks implementation. It will be all the more important to consider the history of the life and activities of one of the governors of the Finland (Vyborg) province, Maxim Maksimovich Oreus, who was at the head of this territory from December 14, 1799 to April 9, 1804.
25
Martynova, Anastasia G. "VYBORG IN THE LIFE AND CREATIVE WORK OF THE RUSSIAN ARTIST BORIS MIKHAILOVICH KUSTODIEV (1878–1927)." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no. 37 (2020): 146–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22220836/37/16.
Full text
26
Турищева, Наталья, and Natalya Turishcheva. "Topical Issues of Legal Status of Election Commissions." Journal of Russian Law 4, no. 7 (July 5, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20143.
Full textAbstract:
The author analyzes changes to Federal electoral laws that set the procedure for the formation, legal status, competence and the correlation of the basic elements of the system of electoral commissions operating in the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of the regional legislation, the author considers the diversity of legal approaches in the design of the system of election commissions of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The author analyzes the problematic issues of mutual confer of powers of election commissions, the proposed optimal solutions taking into account the obligatory use of automation means sets of the State automated system of the Russian Federation “Vybory”. The author focuses attention on the need to ensure equal representation of parties in election commissions.
27
BELAYa, Zh E., and L. Ya ROZhINSKAYa. "RATsIONAL'NYY VYBOR FARMAKOTERAPII POSTMENOPAUZAL'NOGO OSTEOPOROZA.EFFEKTIVNOST' I BEZOPASNOST' BONVIVY: OBZOR ZA VOSEM' LET PRIMENENIYa." Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases 16, no. 2 (December 15, 2013): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/osteo2013222-30.
Full textAbstract:
In this critical review, we have summarized the specific evidence on ibandronic acid (Bonviva) efficacy, tolerability, feasibility and safety acquired from randomized controlled clinical trials, meta-analyses, bridging trials, long-term extension studies, observational studies and clinical experience. We have paid special attention to reviewing the surrogate endpoints, which are routinely used in clinical practice to estimate the treatment efficacy as well as those high technology methods that are currently used in research centers to predict anti-fracture efficacy. Although the only registered indication for Bonviva in Russia is for postmenopausal osteoporosis, we have reviewed the available clinical trials on the efficacy of ibandronic acid to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis, to treat low bone mass in males, to treat and prevent glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis and other types of secondary osteoporosis and, in particular, in patients after organ transplantation. In addition to this, we have extensively discussed the currently available data on the safety of pharmacologic treatment for osteoporosis.
28
Proskuryakova, Mariya E. "“They Are Obsessed with Scurvy and Typhus”: Diseases and Treatment of Military Personnel in Vyborg and Kexholm (1710s - 1740)." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 20, no. 1 (2021): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-1-57-70.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyses the problem of implementing legislation on medical care in the army during the reign of Peter the Great and Anna Ioannovna. The Admiralty Regulations of 1722 and the General Regulations on Hospitals of 1735 announced meticulously prescribed standards for taking care of patients in military hospitals, as well as the number, qualifications and duties of medical personnel in those centers. According to scholars, both documents represent bright examples of the authorities’ faith in the possibility of resolving of crisis in the work of any institution by detailed regulation of all aspects of its activities. However, a research on conditions of service of army employees and state of military health care implies a study based on local material and functioning of certain hospitals. The author focuses on the history of medical institutions in fortresses located on the Russian-Swedish border. The study was carried out on the basis of reports received in St. Petersburg from the border fortresses and devoted to the number of sick employees in the Vyborg and Kexholm garrisons, their diseases and providing them medical care. It is revealed that the military infirmaries have been opened in Vyborg and Kexholm in the early 1720s. And the number and qualifications of the medical personnel met the requirements of the state legislation. Nevertheless, the employees of the local garrisons suffered the same hardships as military men in other north-western fortresses (St. Petersburg, Kronstadt, Riga). This is indicated by the spread of diseases typical for the northern regions and poorly victualled communities, limited in access to proper food and clean sources of water (scurvy, typhus, digestive disorders). Along with that, the region had its own specifics: despite the harsh climate, work on fortifications was carried out from early Spring. Therefore, the soldiers were often hospitalised due to frostbite and colds. From the number of employees sent to the hospital for treatment 66 % died within six months. The most vulnerable group were employees of the first and second years of service under the age of 30. However, the situation in the fortresses did not become critical and epidemics were avoided.
29
Ojala, Jari, and Antti Räihä. "Navigation Acts and the integration of North Baltic shipping in the early nineteenth century." International Journal of Maritime History 29, no. 1 (February 2017): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871416678166.
Full textAbstract:
This article discusses how Navigation Acts affected shipping and commodity trade from and to the Northern Baltic during the early nineteenth century. We use Finnish shipping and foreign trade as an example of trade integration at the time. Finland can be used as a ‘laboratory case’ to study the importance of the Navigation Acts, as the eastern part of the area followed Russian legislation without the Navigation Act to restrict shipping to domestic vessels, while the western part followed Swedish legislation with strict protection through the Swedish version of the Act ( Produktplakat). The article argues that the role played by foreign vessels in shipments of Finnish export goods was far more significant during the period than has been noted before. Also, we argue that British shipping was of decisive importance in these trades, especially from the south-eastern parts of Finland, most notably the city of Vyborg. The literature so far has emphasised both endogenous causes (e.g. structural change in the Finnish economy, the role played by Swedish and Russian legislation in Finland) and exogenous causes (e.g. changes in British customs duties and the repeal of the Navigation Acts) for changes in shipping and trade patterns. Until recently, the big picture of this trade has been rather difficult to form due to shortcomings in the sources. This study overcomes these challenges by using both Danish Sound Toll data and local archival sources to trace patterns of trade.
30
Moshnik, Yuliya I., and A. Rusunen. "Reviews of the monograph by A.G. Martynova “Vyborg in the biographies of Finnish and Russian artists of the twentieth and early twentieth centuries”." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no. 29 (March 1, 2018): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22220836/29/25.
Full text
31
Rozboudova, Lenka, and Jakub Konecny. "Choosing a textbook set as one of the problems of the contemporary Russian didactics." XLinguae 10, no. 1 (January 2017): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2017.10.01.08.
Full text
32
Krylov, Pavel Valentinovitch. "Review of studies of Anastassia Gennadievna Martynova “Hugo Simberg” and “Vyborg in Finnish and Russian painting arts and graphics at 20th - beginning of 21st centuries"." Петербургский исторический журнал, no. 4 (2020): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51255/2311-603x_2020_4_281.
Full text
33
Алексеев, А. С., О. А. Ходачек, and А. В. Селиховкин. "АНАЛИЗ ФАКТОРОВ ОСЛАБЛЕНИЯ ХВОЙНЫХ ДРЕВОСТОЕВ В РЕКРЕАЦИОННЫХ НАСАЖДЕНИЯХ." Biosfera 11, no. 1 (May 21, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v11i1.475.
Full textAbstract:
In 2015 through 2018, eleven test plots were studied in recreation areas planted with Pinus silvestries pine trees and Picea albea spruce trees. The plots were located in Saint Petersburg and Vyborg (Russia) and Narva-Jõesuu (Estonia). The main factor of decay of both pines and spruces were total toxic salt levels in soil and acidity of soil. Correlated with these factors are the levels of sodium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, bicarbonate, and sulfate ions. The conditions of spruces correlated most significantly with chloride ion levels. The coefficients of regression of the estimates of conditions of pines and spruces on the estimates of soil pollution are not different, in spite of the fact that the arrangements of roots are different in the two tree species. A possible cause of the lack of differences in the coefficients is that toxic salts diffuse into deep soil layers. Factors associated with the presence of humans in the respective recreation areas, as well as pests and climate do not influence the stands. However, upon the highest pollution and the associated attenuation of stands, the activities of pests are highest. Regressions found based on the results obtained during the study may be used for forecasting the conditions of pine and spruce stands at lethal and maximum permissible levels of soil pollution. Differences in the threshold levels of pollution and in the standard errors of regression coefficients between study sites are not high. This makes it possible to use the mean values of these parameters as reference values of maximum permissible and lethal levels of soil pollution and for monitoring and forecasting the conditions of coniferous stands.
34
Martynova, A. G. "VYBORG’S PERIOD OF A GREAT RUSSIAN ARTIST NICHOLAS ROERICH." Polythematic Online Scientific Journal of Kuban State Agrarian University, November 30, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21515/1990-4665-123-031.
Full text