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Journal articles on the topic 'W-bricks'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Phonphuak, Nonthaphong. "Application of Dry Grass for Clay Brick Manufacturing." Key Engineering Materials 757 (October 2017): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.757.35.

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In this paper, effects of incorporation of dry grass on the properties of clay bricks were investigated. Clay bricks fabricated with 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 % (w/w) of dry grass were tested. The clay brick specimens were fired at 900, 1000 and 1100 °C to study for bulk density, apparent porosity water absorption and compressive strength of brick samples were investigated. Results revealed that the bulk density of clay bricks were reduced when dry grass dosages increased. Results also shown that the increasing in bulk density were obtained when the firing temperature increased. The compressive streng

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2

Zhou, Sai Jun, and Jun Tong Qu. "Experiment on Making Autoclaved Sludge Bricks with the Dewatered Sludge from Water-Supply Plant." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 829–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.829.

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How to efficiently dispose of the urban water-supply plant sludge has become an urgent task of controlling pollution caused by municipal solid waste. This paper is an experiment on autoclaved sludge brick, which is mainly made of sludge from the water-supply plants, fly ash, lime, sand and cement, integrated with the manufacturing process of autoclaved fly ash brick. By orthogonal optimal process, we get the optimal parameters for making sludge bricks as follows: W sludge : W ash : W lime = 15%: 45%: 15%, stirring intensity being 1400r/min, forming and curing condition being the constant tempe

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3

Huy, Ngo Si, Nguyen Ngoc Tan, Mai Thi Ngoc Hang, and Le Ngoc Quang. "Environmentally friendly unburnt bricks using raw rice husk and bottom ash as fine aggregates: Physical and mechanical properties." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 15, no. 1 (2021): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2021-15(1)-10.

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In order to reduce the serious impacts of industrial and agricultural wastes on the environment, raw rice husk and bottom ash were used as fine aggregates, while fly ash was utilized as a binder material in the production of unburnt building bricks. Two group mixtures were designed with water-to-binder (W/B) ratios of 0.30 and 0.35. The rice husk was used to replace 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% of bottom ash content by mass. An experimental program was carried out on the brick samples at different ages from 3-day to 28-day to determine the main physical and mechanical properties of brick, such as unit w

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4

Manni, Mattia, Fabiana Frota de Albuquerque Landi, Tommaso Giannoni, Alessandro Petrozzi, Andrea Nicolini, and Franco Cotana. "A Comparative Study on Opto-Thermal Properties of Natural Clay Bricks Incorporating Dredged Sediments." Energies 14, no. 15 (2021): 4575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154575.

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The brick industry is currently facing a shortage of natural resources. Despite this, the demand for construction bricks is progressively increasing. Alternative materials, such as dredged sediments and solid organic waste, have been recently proposed as options to replace natural clay in brick manufacturing. Potential exploitation of dredged sediments in clay bricks is evaluated in this study. The chemical composition of the mixtures and the opto-thermal properties of brick samples, which differed for the dredged sediment content (from 10% to 50% of the clay weight), were investigated. Chemic

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5

Namboonruang, Weerapol, Rattanakorn Rawangkul, Wanchai Yodsudjai, and Nutthanan Suphadon. "1 Year Long Term on Strength Properties of Pozzolanics Local Soil Bricks." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1381.

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This work emphasizes on the study of Pozzolanics Local Soil Brick properties. The compressive strength and flexural strength on modulus of rupture properties are investigated. At the ratio of 5% Portland cement type 1 and 30% fly ashes by weight at water powder ratio (w/p) 0.3525. This brick is called as Pozzolanics soil bricks. Their properties are compared to soil cement bricks (RCM35) at the age of 3, 7, 14, 28, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330 and 360. Results show that the compressive strength and flexural strength increase with increasing curing time. The compressive streng

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6

Feng, Xiao Ping, Chun Ting Li, and Jun Jie Wu. "Thermal Simulation Analysis of Insulation of the New Heat-Insulation Bricks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 1536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.1536.

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Using the ANSYS thermal analysis module to do steady thermal analysis of given heat-insulating bricks. The results show that this kind of bricks can achieve better insulation in both sides; when the thermal conductivity of the heat insulating material in the hole space are less than 0.3 W/(m·K), the bricks can obtain the good insulation effect; the smaller the heat conductivity coefficients of the bricks materials and filling materials are, the better insulation bricks can achieve.

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7

Yang, Jian Ying, Li Hua Xu, Hong Shun Hao, and Shu Ming Yang. "Effect of TiO₂ on the Thermal Conductivity of Eco-Friendly Silica Bricks Fabricated by Yellow River Silt." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.206.

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Silt from the Yellow River was mixed with a certain amount of SiO2 powder to fabricate eco-friendly silica bricks and different amounts of TiO2 were added to ameliorate the thermal conductivity of the bricks. Results showed that the phases of as-fabricated silica bricks are cristobalite and tridymite with cristobalite predominating. With increasing amounts of TiO2, the bulk density and thermal conductivity of the samples increase. Although the bulk density (1.65~1.76 g/cm3 ) than the ideal density 1.85 g/cm3, the thermal conductivity is significantly ameliorated. The thermal conductivity of th

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8

Brožovský, Jiří. "Ultrasonic Pulse Method - Influence of Internal Compressive Stress on Results of Testing Calcium Silicate Bricks." Key Engineering Materials 722 (December 2016): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.722.260.

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Measuring with ultrasonic pulse method is influenced by various factors, like loading in particular inner tension when material built in a construction is tested. The paper researches influence of inner tension (load) on testing of calcium silicate bricks with ultrasonic pulse method. Calcium silicate bricks were loaded with force corresponding to 0 % (unloaded test specimens), 10 %, 20 %, 50 %, 60 % of ultimate compressive strength with various content of humidity (dried samples, w=2 %, w=8 % and samples saturated with water). It was found that ultrasonic pulse velocity is not considerably in

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9

Janbuala, Sutas, Mana Eambua, Arpapan Satayavibul, and Watcharakhon Nethan. "Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Lightweight Clay Bricks Fabricated with a Powdered Marble Dust Additive." Key Engineering Materials 777 (August 2018): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.777.465.

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The objective of this study was to recycle powdered marble dust to improve mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of lightweight clay bricks. Varying amounts of powdered marble dust (10, 20, 30, and 40 vol.%) were added to a lightweight clay brick at the firing temperatures of 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. When higher quantities of powdered marble dust were added, the values of porosity and water absorption increased while those of thermal conductivity and bulk density decreased. The decrease in apparent porosity and water absorption were also affected by the increase in firing temperature.

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10

da Silva, E. M., D. M. Morita, A. C. M. Lima, and L. Girard Teixeira. "Manufacturing ceramic bricks with polyaluminum chloride (PAC) sludge from a water treatment plant." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 11 (2015): 1638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.132.

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The objective of this research work is to assess the viability of manufacturing ceramic bricks with sludge from a water treatment plant (WTP) for use in real-world applications. Sludge was collected from settling tanks at the Bolonha WTP, which is located in Belém, capital of the state of Pará, Brazil. After dewatering in drainage beds, sludge was added to the clay at a local brickworks at different mass percentages (7.6, 9.0, 11.7, 13.9 and 23.5%). Laboratory tests were performed on the bricks to assess their resistance to compression, water absorption, dimensions and visual aspects. Percenta

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11

Namboonruang, Weerapol, Rattanakorn Rawangkul, Wanchai Yodsudjai, and Joseph Khedari. "Investigation of Properties of Low Thermal Conductivity Pozzolanics Soil Bricks Towards Sustainable Development." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.469.

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The development of new alternative type of pozzolanics soil bricks using the locally available clay from Ratchaburi province were mixed with fly ash from Kanchanaburi province, where both source in western of Thailand, is the main purpose of this study. These are compared to the local clay cement bricks without the mixing of flyash in different proportions. In the present work, the physical properties of the specimens are presented namely, compressive strength, modulus of rupture, thermal conductivity and unit weight. Tests were also conducted to study the influence of time of curing on the in

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12

Kurmus, Halenur, and Abbas Mohajerani. "Recycling of Cigarette Butts in Fired Clay Bricks: A New Laboratory Investigation." Materials 13, no. 3 (2020): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030790.

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Cigarette butts (CBs) are the most commonly littered waste material in the world. It is estimated that over 5.7 trillion cigarettes are consumed worldwide each year. Consequently, millions of tonnes of highly toxic waste are contaminating the environment. CBs are composed of cellulose acetate filters—a polymer with poor biodegradability—and which, depending upon the environmental conditions, can take many years to decompose. In this study, fired clay bricks were manufactured with 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% CBs by mass and tested against control bricks with 0% CBs. The results revealed a decrease i

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13

Ossia, Chinwuba Victor, and Mathew Uzoma Shedrack. "Optimization of Blast Furnace Throughput Based on Hearth Refractory Lining and Shell Thickness." Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering 5, no. 1 (2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/jcme.2021.5.1.5.

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Computational analyses were performed to optimize the furnace throughput, steel shell and lining thickness of a blast furnace. The computations were done for measured parameters within the hearth region as this is the vital zone of the furnace with high temperature fluctuations, molten iron, and slag production. The lining materials were namely 62% high alumina (A), carbon composite (B), silicon carbide (C) and graphite bricks (D) with thermal conductivities 2, 12, 120 and 135 W/(m∙K), respectively. It was observed that by varying the refractory lining thickness from 0.2–0.35 m, and furnace in

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14

Folorunso, D. O. "INFLUENCE OF WOOD SAW DUST AND WASTE GLASS ADMIXTURE ON SELECTED PROPERTIES OF FIRED CLAY BRICKS FOR MASONRY." FUTA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY 15, no. 1 (2021): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51459/futajeet.2021.15.1.269.

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This study investigated the effect of mahogany wood sawdust (WSD) and waste glass (WG) addition on the properties and cost of producing fired clay bricks for construction of houses. Materials used were clay, WSD and WG. Brick samples were produced in batches and labeled as samples A (with no additives), B, C, D, E, F, G and H. Each sample of B, C, D, E, F, G and H contained 5% fixed amount of WSD, and 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40% of WG respectively. Brick samples produced were tested for apparent porosity, bulk density, compressive and flexural strengths, thermal conductivity and wear. Resul

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15

Bánhidi, Viktor, and László A. Gömze. "Improvement of Insulation Properties of Conventional Brick Products." Materials Science Forum 589 (June 2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.589.1.

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The use of technologically byproduct agricultural wastes in various segments of the brick and tile industry is increasing continuously. The additives, mixed into the raw clay ignite during the firing process, adding extra thermal energy from inside the mixture decreasing the energy requirements of the manufacturing process. Added to this, through the combustion of the bio-wastes the porosity increases enhancing the thermal insulation properties of the final product. We have investigated some common, agricultural wastes to determine their effect on the thermal properties of bricks. In our exper

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16

KOLPAKOV, A. V., E. S. ABDRAKHIMOVA, and S. A. STETSENKO. "RESEARCH OF EXTREME TENSION OF SHIFT OF THE SYSTEM LIMESTONE POWDER ─ INTERSLATE CLAY ─ WATER AT THE INCREASED TEMPERATURES." Building and reconstruction 91, no. 5 (2020): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2020-91-5-116-124.

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Ceramic brick based on interlayer clay and lime flour is obtained without using natural traditional materials. The process of drying ceramic bricks should be carried out according to the optimal mode, which means a combination of its possibly short duration, minimum expenses of energy and quality semi-finished product ─ lack of buckling, Cracks and hidden stresses, which contribute to the formation of cracks in the burning When making ceramic brick only from interlayer clay, Used as clay binder, without the use of repellents, there is a sharp drop in the limit shear stress in the temperature r

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17

Abdrakhimov, Vladimir. "The Influence of Nanotechnogenic Raw Materials on the Drying Properties and Physical and Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Bricks." Earthquake Engineering. Construction Safety, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37153/2618-9283-2020-1-29-34.

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When obtaining ceramic bricks only from low-melting clay with the number of plasticity less than 12 without the use of thinners, there is a sharp drop in the limiting shear stress in the temperature range of 20-80oC, which contributes to the appearance of cracks and deformation curvatures of products. The use of nanotechnogenic raw materials as a thinner does not contribute to a sharp drop in the ultimate shear stress of the semi-finished brick in the temperature range of 20-80oC, eliminates the appearance of cracks and increases the physical and mechanical performance of the finished product.

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18

Zulkifli and Gede Panji. "Prediction of the Density & Thermal Conductivity of Light Bricks on the Effect of Aluminium Elements Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)." Materials Science Forum 964 (July 2019): 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.964.270.

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Indonesia with abundant limestone raw materials, lightweight brick is the most important component in building construction, so it needs a light brick product that qualifies in thermal, mechanical and acoustic properties. In this paper raised the lightweight brick domains that qualify on the properties of thermal conductivity as building wall components.The advantage of low light density brick (500-650 kg/m3), more economical, suitable for high rise building can reduce the weight of 30-40% in compared to conventional brick (clay brick). To obtain AAC type lightweight brick product that qualifi

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19

Iyama, Osamu, Nathan Reading, Idun Reiten, and Hugh Thomas. "Lattice structure of Weyl groups via representation theory of preprojective algebras." Compositio Mathematica 154, no. 6 (2018): 1269–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x18007078.

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This paper studies the combinatorics of lattice congruences of the weak order on a finite Weyl group $W$, using representation theory of the corresponding preprojective algebra $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F1}$. Natural bijections are constructed between important objects including join-irreducible congruences, join-irreducible (respectively, meet-irreducible) elements of $W$, indecomposable $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$-rigid (respectively, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}^{-}$-rigid) modules and layers of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F1}$. The lattice-theoretically natural labelling of the Hasse quiver by join-irreducible

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20

Heath, Robert L., and Shannon A. Bowen. "The public relations philosophy of John W. Hill: bricks in the foundation of issues management." Journal of Public Affairs 2, no. 4 (2002): 230–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pa.116.

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21

Skripnikova, N. K., V. A. Vlasov, M. A. Semenovykh, G. G. Volokitin, and V. V. Shekhovtsov. "CARBON-CONTAINING TECHNOGENIC RAW MATERIALS IN CERAMIC PRODUCT PRODUCTION." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture, no. 6 (December 29, 2019): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2019-21-6-115-121.

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The paper explores the possibility of using carbon-containing waste produced by a metallurgical plant. The physico-mechanical characteristics of the obtained products are studied depending on the compositions and the grain size of the feedstock. It is found that the use of carbon-containing waste allows producing ceramic bricks with the following parameters: ρ ~ 2150 kg/m3, Rsg ~ 42 MPa, W ~ 3.4 %, and the frost resistance of over 50 cycles. The results of phase formation in ceramic products are presented. It is shown that the use of carbon-containing waste allows to obtain alumi-nosilicate co

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22

Meng, Tao, Huadong Wei, Xiufen Yang, Bo Zhang, Yuncai Zhang, and Cungui Zhang. "Effect of Mixed Recycled Aggregate on the Mechanical Strength and Microstructure of Concrete under Different Water Cement Ratios." Materials 14, no. 10 (2021): 2631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102631.

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Mixed recycled aggregate (MRA) is a kind of recycled aggregate containing discarded bricks and other impurities that is inferior to ordinary recycled concrete aggregate. To study the effect of MRA in concrete, specimens with 100% MRA under different water–cement ratios (W/C) of 0.50, 0.42, 0.36 and 0.30 were prepared, and the mechanical properties and microstructure were tested. Results show that compared with ordinary concrete, the compressive strength of mixed recycled aggregate concrete (MRAC) with the same W/C was reduced by more than 50% at 28 days, but the axial compression ratio was rel

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23

Karcher, Carolyn L. "The White “Bystander” and the Black Journalist “Abroad”: Albion W. Tourgée and Ida B. Wells as Allies Against Lynching." Prospects 29 (October 2005): 85–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300001708.

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In March 1886, twenty-four-year-old Ida B. Wells wrote in her diary: “Read all day, after going home, ‘Bricks without Straw’ by Judge Tourgée. It deals with the Reconstruction era of Negro freedom and American history, and I like it somewhat. The writer is actuated by a noble purpose and tells some startling truths.” Wells was referring to Albion W. Tourgée's 1880 novel centering around a group of North Carolina freed-people, who buy land, prosper as tobacco farmers, set up a church and school, and vote for politicians sympathetic to their interests, until Ku Klux Klan terrorism and the return

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24

Yang, Li, Yuan Bing Li, Ming Jun Ma, et al. "Preparation of Light-Weight Forsterite Insulation Materials Through Extrusion Processing." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 998–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.998.

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Light-weight insulation materials were prepared by extrusion processing using forsterite raw tailings, light-burned magnesia and fused magnesia as main raw materials with addition of rice hull powder as a pore-forming agent. The results show that the plasticity of green compact and the cold compressive strength of bricks are improved with the addition of 2-3 wt% dextrin as plasticizer. Light weight insulation materials, which meet different application requirements, were prepared by controlling the addition amount of rice hull powder by firing at 1550 °C with volume weight of obtained material

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25

Wachira, Jackson Muthengia. "Effects of Chlorides on Corrosion of Simulated Reinforced Blended Cement Mortars." International Journal of Corrosion 2019 (March 27, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2123547.

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Cementitious materials are subject to degradation when subjected to corrosive chloride media. This paper reports the experimental results on corrosion studies conducted on a potential cementitious material, PCDC, made from a blend of 55 % Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Dried Calcium Carbide Residue (DCCR), and an incineration mix of Rice Husks (RH), Spent Beaching Earth (SBE), and Ground Reject Bricks (BB). The experiments were run along 100 % OPC. Different w/c were used. Corrosion current densities using linear polarisation resistance (LPR) and corrosion potentials measurements versus satur

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Kazemi, Mostafa, Luc Courard, and Julien Hubert. "Heat Transfer Measurement within Green Roof with Incinerated Municipal Solid Waste Aggregates." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (2021): 7115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137115.

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A green roof is composed of a substrate and drainage layers which are fixed on insulation material and roof structure. The global heat resistance (Rc) within a green roof is affected by the humidity content of the substrate layer in which the coarse recycled materials can be used. Moreover, the utilization of recycled coarse aggregates such as incinerated municipal solid waste aggregate (IMSWA) for the drainage layer would be a promising solution, increasing the recycling of secondary resources and saving natural resources. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the heat transfer across gre

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27

Teixeira, Elisabete R., Gilberto Machado, Adilson de P. Junior, et al. "Mechanical and Thermal Performance Characterisation of Compressed Earth Blocks." Energies 13, no. 11 (2020): 2978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112978.

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The present research is focused on an experimental investigation to evaluate the mechanical, durability, and thermal performance of compressed earth blocks (CEBs) produced in Portugal. CEBs were analysed in terms of electrical resistivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive strength, total water absorption, water absorption by capillarity, accelerated erosion test, and thermal transmittance evaluated in a guarded hotbox setup apparatus. Overall, the results showed that compressed earth blocks presented good mechanical and durability properties. Still, they had some issues in terms of poros

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Wachira, Jackson Muthengia, and Joseph Mwiti Marangu. "Chloride Diffusivity in Blended Cement Made from Selected Industrial and Agrowastes." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (June 16, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2814320.

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This paper reports study findings on the diffusivity of chloride ions in potential blended cement. The cement, abbreviated as PCDC, was made from blending ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with dried calcium carbide residue and an incinerated mix of rice husks, spent bleaching earth, and broken bricks. The aim of the study was to investigate the ability of PCDC to withstand aggressive chloride environment. 10 cm × 10 cm mortar cubes were prepared using PCDC and cured for 28 days in saturated calcium hydroxide solution. The cured mortar cubes were subjected to aggressive chloride media in a labora

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Raoelivololona, Tefy, Mamiharijaona Ramaroson, and Chrysostome Raminosoa. "Paper recycling for the making of constructions materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 307 (2020): 01041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030701041.

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Madagascar undergoes, like all countries in the world, the effects of climate change. in fact, since the last 5 years, in the coastal regions and the basins, the temperature has raised from 2 to 2.5 ° and varies between 34 to 36 ° in the shadow during the rainy season and on the high hills, the temperature diminishes from 2 to 2.5 ° during the dry period and varies from 4 ° to 8 °. However, the structure of lodging of 60% of the people are not adapted to this temperature change. Particularly, in the coastal regions, the walls of the houses are made of sheet iron. The inside of these houses is

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Pulis, Jessica E., Alexander Hollenberg, and Brianna Wodabek. "Sacred Healings through Telling Story: Lessons from the Sacred Grounds." Journal of Applied Social Science 15, no. 2 (2021): 273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1936724421998977.

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In Canada, women—in particular, Indigenous women—comprise the fastest growing population of those who are sentenced. These trends are evidence of the continued impact of colonialism and the residential school legacy that has been well documented by scholars in varying degrees and at all levels of the Canadian criminal justice system. However, changes to address discrimination and overrepresentation have mostly resulted in changes within the current system rather than changes to the system itself. Attempts to “indigenize the white system” through training, programming, legislation, employment,

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Deverell, William. "Bricks, Seeds, Culture, and History." California History 91, no. 1 (2014): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2014.91.1.23.

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Thakur, Prabhanjan Kumar, Rajesh Mishra, Rajesh Kumar Tanwar, Ghanshyam Kumar Mishra, and Rajiv Narang. "Design and Validation of Blast Non-propagation Wall for Multi-Compartmented Explosive Storage Structure of Capacity 5T NEC per Compartment." Defence Science Journal 68, no. 5 (2018): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.68.12263.

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Conventional magazines for hazard division 1.1 are constructed using bricks and reinforced cement concrete (RCC) for which storage inside quantity distance (SIQD) is 2.4 W1/3 m, where W is Net Explosive Content in kg. New composite called laced reinforced concrete (LRC) has been developed recently, for which SIQD has been reduced up to 0.5 W1/3 m. Due to substantial reduction in separation distances, the requirement of land area has been reduced significantly. Although SIQD has been reduced drastically due to development of new composite, the other quantity distances like process inside quanti

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Ngui Musyimi, Festus, Jackson Muthengia Wachira, Joseph Karanja Thiong’o, and Joseph Mwiti Marangu. "Performance of Ground Clay Brick Mortars in Simulated Chloride and Sulphate Media." Journal of Engineering 2019 (November 3, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6430868.

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The durability of cement-based structures majorly depends on their resistivity to the aggressive media in the construction environment. The most aggressive ions commonly encountered in construction environment are chloride (Cl−) and sulphate (SO42−). The interactions of these ions with hydrated cement influence their durability and ultimate service life. This paper reports the experimental findings on an investigation on the diffusivity of Cl− and SO42− ions into mortars made from two mixtures: one made from ground calcined clay bricks (GB) and commercial ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and the

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Arnold, Günter. "Buchbesprechung: brick '04 von W. Reithofer." Mauerwerk 8, no. 4 (2004): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dama.200490066.

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AlQdah, Khaled S., and Mubarak AlGrafi. "Utilizing the Waste Polystyrene to Enhance the Thermal Insulation of the Local Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 1191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.1191.

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In this investigation, waste polystyrene boxes were collected and treated before mixed with common concrete in especial dies to produce new brick called poly-brick. The main tests performed these tests include the measurement of thermal conductivity, overall heat transfer coefficient and the compression stress. It can be seen that the thermal conductivity of the poly-brick increased with increasing the percentage of waste polystyrene and vary from 0.78 (W/mk) at 0% Polystyrene to 0.227 (W/mk) at 50% and the overall heat transfer coefficient reduced from 7.85 to 2.77 W/m2k. Comparisons between

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Hannian, Sany, Basim Hijab, and Amer Laftah. "Geophysical Investigation of Babylon archeological City, Iraq." Diyala Journal For Pure Science 17, no. 3 (2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djps.17.03.533c.

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A geophysical survey was carried out at old archeological Babylon City, which is located 90.0 km to the south of Baghdad. Three geophysical methods were applied in this survey. The VES resistivity method, for soil conductivity and layering testing. GPR and magnetic methods, for detecting subsurface archeological bodies. The resistivity results showed values lower than 5.0 ohm. m, and subsurface distortion, which are probably related to buried archeological ruins. Due to the low electrical resistivity of the top soil, the GPR method did not reach a good penetrating depth. Wide range of frequenc

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Williams, Blair, and Russell Richman. "Laboratory dilatometry and field test to assess durability of masonry." Journal of Building Physics 40, no. 5 (2016): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259116649364.

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This article analyses the use of dilatometry to assess the durability of load-bearing clay brick masonry in a century home in Toronto (Canada). The building had recently undergone the addition of medium density closed-cell polyurethane spray-applied foam insulation on all interior sides of the exterior clay brick load-bearing walls, increasing the insulating value in areas to RSI 7.9 m2K/W, on average, from the original RSI 0.5 m2K/W, on average. The critical moisture content (saturation degree) of representative samples from the building were compared with values obtained from frost dilatomet

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Xu, Zi Fang, Ming Xu Zhang, and Jin Bo Zhu. "Application of Fly Ash and Coal Gangue for Preparing High-Class Solid Insulating Brick by Roasting at Low Temperature Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 883–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.883.

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Abstract: The fly ash and coal gangue were used as main raw materials to roast solid insulating brick.Lower than solid clay brick (300 °C) which belongs to low temperature roasting , roasting time cycle is 24 h ,the ratio of fly ash and coal gangue is 60% :35%. the B7 admixing expanded pearlite compressive strength is 30.25 MPa . Strength reach general clay brick MU30 high-class level .Thermal coefficient of conduction is 0.4 W/(m.K), lower than general clay brick thermal coefficient of conduction 0.78 W/(m.K); In addition , B7 XRD pattern has evident quartz、mullite diffraction character peak

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Zheng, Li, Zhi Ge, Zhan Yong Yao, Ren Juan Sun, and Jun Gui Dong. "The Properties of Concrete with Recycled Clay-Brick-Powder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 826–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.826.

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This paper studied the splitting tensile strength of concrete containing partial clay-brick-powder. Four variables, water to cementitious material ratio (W/CM), sand ratio, cement replacement ratio, and the average particle size of clay-brick-powder were determined to analyze the affected factors on the properties of the concrete. The orthogonal experimental design table L16 (45) was adopted to study the significance sequence of the variables. Total 17 type mixes, including one normal cement concrete as reference, were tested. Experiment results showed that recycled clay-brick-powder could be

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Fan, Jun, Feng Zhong Sun, Fu Sheng Liu, and Hong Bin Wang. "Experimental Research on Heat Preservation and Moisture Transfer Performance of Stalk Concrete Block." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.509.

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Stalk concrete block was made of compressed wheat stalk brick and hollow concrete block. Experimental study on heat preservation performance of stalk concrete block and stalk concrete block was carried out. Average heat transfer coefficient of experimental wall made by hollow concrete block is 1.57 W/m2.K and stalk concrete block is 1.08W/m2.K. Performance of moisture transfer of compressed wheat stalk brick was acquired by using thermostatic and humidistat chamber. Profile of humidity absorption and release was also acquired. The maximum moisture content of compressed wheat stalk brick is 8.8

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Chen, Chao Chang Arthur, Shou Chih Cheng, Ming Hsien Chan, Wen Ching Hsu, and Shih Lung Cheng. "Design and Test of a Rapid Thermal Annealing Furnace for Improving Surface Properties of Silicon Brick in Multi-Wire Sawing Process." Advanced Materials Research 939 (May 2014): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.939.437.

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Multi-wire sawing process with free abrasive slurry or called multi-wire slurry wire sawing (MW-SWS) process has been popularly adopted in slicing of silicon substrates for solar cell application. However, the chipping or edge cracking of thin thickness as 200 μm of such silicon substrates need to be improved in current mass production. The potential subsurface cracks induced by previous edge grinding or brush polishing of silicon brick may be the main cause. This paper is to develop a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process for thermal annealing of the surface quality of silicon brick before MR

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Lin, Meng-Lung, and Cheng-Wu Chen. "RETRACTED: Stability analysis of community and ecosystem hierarchies using the Lyapunov method." Journal of Vibration and Control 17, no. 13 (2010): 1930–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546310385737.

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In 2013 the Editor of Journal of Vibration and Control and SAGE became aware of a peer review ring involving assumed and fabricated identities that appeared to centre around Peter Chen at National Pingtung University of Education, Taiwan (NPUE). SAGE and the Editor then began a complex investigation into the case during the rest of 2013 and 2014. Following an unsatisfactory response from Peter Chen, NPUE was notified. NPUE were serious in addressing the Journal and SAGE’s concerns. NPUE confirmed that the institution was investigating Peter Chen. SAGE subsequently uncovered a citation ring inv

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Chen, Cheng-Wu, Ken Yeh, Kevin FR Liu, and Meng-Lung Lin. "RETRACTED: Applications of fuzzy control to nonlinear time-delay systems using the linear matrix inequality fuzzy Lyapunov method." Journal of Vibration and Control 18, no. 10 (2011): 1561–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546311410765.

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In 2013 the Editor of Journal of Vibration and Control and SAGE became aware of a peer review ring involving assumed and fabricated identities that appeared to centre around Peter Chen at National Pingtung University of Education, Taiwan (NPUE). SAGE and the Editor then began a complex investigation into the case during the rest of 2013 and 2014. Following an unsatisfactory response from Peter Chen, NPUE was notified. NPUE were serious in addressing the Journal and SAGE’s concerns. NPUE confirmed that the institution was investigating Peter Chen. SAGE subsequently uncovered a citation ring inv

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Zegardło, Bartosz, Wojciech Andrzejuk, Tomasz Drzymała, Beata Jaworska, Jerzy Nitychoruk, and Daniel Tokarski. "Ceramiczne odpady budowlane powstające w procesie rewitalizacji miasta – badanie możliwości ich wykorzystania jako substytutu cementu do betonów i zapraw." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 27, no. 4 (2019): 452–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2018.27.4.43.

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The article indicates the issue of revitalization of urban areas on the example of the former provincial city. Particular attention was paid to threats to the natural environment caused by difficulties in managing construction waste arising during this process. During the research work on waste demolition material from repairs and reconstruction of buildings, ceramic construction waste was selected. These materials were crushed and dust was generated from them. The purpose of the work was to study the activity indicator, i.e. the research that is carried out for dusts obtained, e.g. in metallu

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Aziz, Parween, and Mohamed Abdulkadir. "Mechanical Properties of Normal Strength Concrete Containing Different Types of Waste Material as Coarse Aggregate Replacement." Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences 7, no. 3 (2020): 208–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/sjes.10141.

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In this study, the effect of different types of waste materials on the mechanical properties of normal strength concrete was investigated. Three types of waste material crumbed rubber, granular plastic, and crushed brick with different percentage up to 15% ( by weight of coarse aggregate) were used. The effect of waste material on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and static elastic modulus of hardened concrete for 28 days of curing with constant w/c= 0.45 were studied. The maximum loss in concrete compressive strength was recorded to be 54.95%, 50.31%, and 20.41% for concr

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Yan, Han Dong, and Guo Hui Huang. "Study on Pervious Road Brick Prepared by Recycled Aggregate Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 302-303 (January 2006): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.302-303.321.

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The influence of aggregate to cement ratio(A/C), sand to aggregate ratio(S/A) and water to cement ratio(W/C) on mechanical properties and pervious coefficient of pervious concrete prepared by recycled aggregate were systematically investigated in the paper. The optimum mix proportion by weight of pervious concrete prepared by recycled aggregate were 3.5 of aggregate to cement ratio, 0.15 of sand to aggregate ratio and 0.34 of water to cement ratio, resulted from an effect coefficient method. Flexural strength and compressive strength of pervious concrete road brick prepared by recycled aggrega

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47

Bánhidi, Viktor. "Enhancement of insulating properties of brick clay by renewable agricultural wastes." Processing and Application of Ceramics 2, no. 2 (2008): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac0802075b.

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The use of agricultural wastes (byproducts) in various segments of brick and tile industry is increasing continuously. These additives, which are previously mixed into the raw or compound clay, start to ignite during the firing process, providing extra thermal energy inside the product and decreasing the required external energy need. Besides this effect, the combustion of additives increases the porosity of the final product resulting in enhanced thermal insulation properties. In this paper the effect of some common agricultural wastes (sawdust, rice-peel and seed-shell) on the thermal proper

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Rasool, Dalia Adil, Mais A. Abdulkarem, and Mohammed Ali Abdulrehman. "The Effect of Adding Recycled Waste on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete." Defect and Diffusion Forum 398 (January 2020): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.398.83.

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Iron Filings (IF) and brick powder (BP) waste materials taken from steel workshops and factories and demolition of buildings respectively .create serious environmental problems ,so the main aim of this paper is to estimate the potency of employing the mixing of waste materials (Iron Filings and brick-powder) altogether as partly replace of cement and the fine-aggregate respectively in the composition of concrete which were mixed with a ratio of (1:2:4) and (W/C) ratio equal to (0.45). In this study the cement has been replaced by Iron Filings in the proportion of ( 10%, 20%,30 %and 40%) and fi

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Kelly, Edward J., and Robert R. Tinker. "The Mind, Body & Spirits Inspired Dining Organic Restaurant." Journal of Green Building 6, no. 2 (2011): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.6.2.49.

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The new Mind, Body & Spirits Inspired Dining Organic Restaurant, located at 301 S. Main Street in downtown Rochester, MI, opened in November of 2008. It is located on the southwest corner of S. Main Street and W. Third Street. It is housed in an existing two-story brick building with a full basement and has a New Greenhouse / Kitchen / Restrooms / Dining Deck Addition located in the former rear parking lot area to the west.

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Dong, Su Fen, Zhi De Huang, and Yu Sen Qiao. "Performance Comparison Research of Different Level Density Brick Powder Foam Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 1486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.1486.

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Foam concrete has the potential to be one of the most development prospect thermal insulation materials because of green environmental, fire resistance, low cost, energy conservation and other advantages. Its defect is low strength, poor durability, especially for the low dry density. Different density level brick powder foam concrete performance was studied. The experimental results show that: as the design dry density increases, the 28 d compressive strength is increasing; bibulous rate is gradually reduced; carbonation coefficient is above 90%; the strength loss after freezing and thawing i

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