Journal articles: 'W.U'

1

Hossain, I., H. Wagiran, N. N. A. M. A. Ghani, S. A. Mansour, and A. Salam. "Nuclear Properties of vg9/2+ Isomers in Odd 59Cr to 69Se Nuclei for N=35." Applied Physics Research 8, no. 2 (March 3, 2016): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v8n2p52.

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We have reported the systematic magnetic quadrupole reduced transition probabilities B (M2) between 9/2+ and 5/2- in odd 59Cr to 69Se nuclei for neutron N=35. At present work the calculated B(M2) values are 0.079 W.U., 0.067 W.U., 0.230 W.U., 0.412 W.U., 0.060 W.U., and 0.044 W.U. for 59Cr, 61Fe, 63Ni, 65Zn, 67Ge, and 69Se nuclei respectively. The theoretical calculations of the reduced transition probabilities were compared to the previous experimental values. The width of isomeric levels, mean-life and Weisskopf hindrance factors in the odd 59Cr to 69Se nuclei were also calculated. The isomeric levels 9/2+ were systematically studied as a function of even atomic number from 24 to 34. It is shown that the isomeric levels are increases from Z= 24 to Z= 28 and then decreases monotonically up to Z= 34.

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Xin, Zi-Bing, Wei-Chuen Chou, Stephen Maciejewski, Long-Fei Fu, and Fang Wen. "Primulina papillosa (Gesneriaceae), a new species from limestone areas of Guangxi, China." PhytoKeys 177 (May 12, 2021): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.177.63878.

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Primulina papillosa Z.B. Xin, W.C. Chou & F. Wen, a new species from limestone areas of Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated here. It morphologically resembles P. linearifolia (W.T. Wang) Yin Z. Wang and P. pseudolinearifolia W.B. Xu & K.F. Chung, but can be easily distinguished by some combined characters, especially its leaf blades densely papillose-hispid. We found only one population at the type locality with no more than 200 individuals, so that this new species is provisionally assessed as Critically Endangered (CR) using IUCN Criteria.

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Chiu, P., M. J. Russo, R. R. Davies, L. J. Addonizio, M. E. Richmond, and J. M. Chen. "14: PVRI <9 W.U. x m2 Does Not Predict Early Postoperative Mortality in Pediatric Cardiac Transplantation for Cardiomyopathy." Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 29, no. 2 (February 2010): S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2009.11.021.

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Nicholls, R. W., S. Sahal, A. H. Gabriel, T. Kato, F. J. Lovas, S. L. Mandel’shtam, H. Nussbaumer, W. H. Parkinson, Z. R. Rudzigas, and W. L. Wiese. "Commision 14: Atomic and Molecular Data (Donnees Atomiques Et Moleculaires)." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 20, no. 1 (1988): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00007057.

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The Commission has, since its inception, been devoted to the continually increasing needs of astronomy and astrophysics for reliable atomic and molecular data a) for diagnostic interpretation of astronomical observations, and b) for support of theoretical modelling of astrophysical situations. At the 1985 Delhi General Assembly, the Commission reviewed the scope of its subject matter, and considered whether it should be extended to include higher energy physical processes than are commonly treated by atomic and molecular data. It was concluded that there was no strong demand for this change, which, if implemented, would make the work of the Commission too diffuse. The appropriateness of the past working group structure was also carefully reviewed in the light of contemporary needs. The following working groups, which have evolved from those of past years, together with their chairmen was approved: 1:Atomic Spectra and Wavelength Standards (excluding primary standards): W.C. Martin2:Atomic Transition Probabilities: W.L Wiese3:Collision Processes: A. Dalgarno4:Line Broadening: N. Feautrier5:Molecular Structure and Transition Data: W.H. Parkinson

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Couteau, Paul. "Survey for Duplicity Frequencies: Status and Prospects." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 135 (1992): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100006540.

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I.We recall the main surveys: J. Herschel (1826), W. Struve (1825), A.W. Burnham and G.W. Hough (1880), R.G. Aitken and W.J. Hussey (1910), R. Jonckeere and T.E. Espin (1910), W.H. van den Bos (1925), R.A. Rossiter (1950). Presently the classical surveys are continuing with P. Muller, W.D. Heintz, and P. Couteau. The interferometric survey with large telescopes is carried out at CHARA.II.The results of old surveys, up to 1950, amount to 700 known orbits out of more than 35000 found binaries. The new surveys since 1965, both visual and interferometric, had checked 4000 new binaries giving already about 30 orbits. The periods are shorter and shorter: the mean period is 200 years for Struve (1825) binaries, 75 years for Aitken’s (1910), 25 years for Couteau and Muller’s (1970), and 7 years for CHARA’s. The number of known orbits increases exponentially with time.III.The “classical” surveys will have to be performed again within fifty years with refractors.The interferometric and aperture syntheses surveys will be able to observe every binary, even those in contact with each other. With HIPPARCOS’ results, astronomers will dispose of a complete set of data for new theories of stellar evolution.

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Mory, Arthur J., Robert P. Iasky, Andrew Y. Glikson, and Franco Pirajno. "Response to ‘Critical comment on A.J. Mory et al., 2000, Woodleigh, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia: a new 120 km diameter impact structure’ by W.U. Reimold and C. Koeberl." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 184, no. 1 (December 2000): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(00)00283-1.

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Martini, J. E. J. "Reply to comment of W.U. Reimold et al. on “the nature, distribution and genesis of the coesite and stishovite associated with the pseudotachylite of the Vredefort Dome, South Africa”." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 112, no. 1-4 (August 1992): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(92)90018-q.

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Muundjua, Manfriedt, Armand Galdeano, Laurent Carporzen, Stuart A. Gilder, Rodger J. Hart, Marco A. G. Andreoli, and Marian Tredoux. "Reply to comment by W.U. Reimold, R.L. Gibson, and H. Henkel on Muundjua et al. (2007), “Magnetic imaging of the Vredefort impact crater, South Africa”, EPSL 261, pp 456–468." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, no. 3-4 (September 2008): 397–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.06.044.

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9

REID, CHRIS A. M., KINDI SMITH, and MAX BEATSON. "Revision of the genus Lamprima Latreille, 1804 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)." Zootaxa 4446, no. 2 (July 17, 2018): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4446.2.1.

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The genus Lamprima Latreille, 1804 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lampriminae: Lamprimini), is revised. Five species are recognised: one in New Guinea (L. adolphinae (Gestro, 1875)), two on isolated western Pacific islands (L. aenea Fabricius, 1792: Norfolk Island; L. insularis W.J. Macleay, 1885: Lord Howe Island), one in northeastern New South Wales (L. imberbis Carter, 1926) and a common widespread species in eastern and southern Australia, L. aurata Latreille, 1817. Lamprima aurata varies considerably morphologically and many of the different forms encompassed by this variation have been described as species. Our study of morphology does not support this classification. Therefore, Lamprima aurata is designated a senior synonym of the following 24 names: L. cuprea Latreille, 1817; L. latreillii W.S. MacLeay, 1819 (new synonym); L. pygmaea W.S. MacLeay, 1819 (new synonym); L. fulgida Boisduval, 1835; L. micardi Reiche, 1841 (new synonym); L. rutilans Erichson, 1842; L. splendens Erichson, 1842; L. viridis Erichson, 1842; L. nigricollis Hope in Westwood, 1845 (new synonym); L. purpurascens Hope in Westwood, 1845 (new synonym); L. sumptuosa Hope in Westwood, 1845 (new synonym); L. tasmaniae Hope in Westwood, 1845 (new synonym); L. varians Burmeister, 1847 (new synonym); L. cultridens Burmeister, 1847 (new synonym); L. amplicollis Thomson, 1862 (new synonym); L. krefftii W.J. MacLeay, 1871 (new synonym); L. violacea W.J. Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L. mandibularis W.J. Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L. sericea W..J Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L.nigripennis W.J. Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L. minima W.J. Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L. mariae Lea, 1910; L. coerulea Boileau, 1913 (new synonym); L. insularis Boileau, 1913 (new synonym). Lamprima adolphinae is a senior synonym of L. bohni (Darge & Séguy, 1953) (new synonym). Lamprima schreibersi Hope in Westwood, 1845, is an unnecessary nomen novum for L. aenea redescribed by Schreibers in 1802 from the same material as Fabricius, and therefore an objective synonym of L. aenea. Lamprima puncticollis Dejean, 1833, L. coerulea Hope in Westwood, 1845, and L. insularis Hope in Westwood, 1845, are nomina nuda, the last two names first made available by Boileau in 1913. The five Lamprima species are redescribed and recommendations made for their conservation. Type specimens of the species of Lamprima described by William Sharpe MacLeay and William John Macleay are illustrated for the first time. Lectotypes are designated for Lamprima insularis, L. latreillii, L. latreillii sericea, and L. mandibularis.

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10

Barras, Vincent. "Eckart,W.U.; Gradmann, C. (Hrsg.): Ärzte Lexikon. Von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. 3. vollständig überarbeitete Aufl. Heidelberg, Springer, cop. 2006. IX, 398 p. Ill. Fr. 42.50; € 24.95. ISBN 3-540-29584-4." Gesnerus 64, no. 1-2 (November 11, 2007): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-0640102039.

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11

Fairlamb, Neil. "Four Philosophical Anglicans: W.G. De Burgh, W.R. Matthews, O.C. Quick, H.A. Hodges." British Journal for the History of Philosophy 19, no. 5 (September 2011): 1012–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09608788.2011.599577.

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12

HEIN, K. A. A. "REPLY TO COMMENT BY W.U. REIMOLD ON "PSEUDOTACHYLITE IN THE SOUTH BOUNDARY FAULT AT THE COOKE SHAFT, WITWATERSRAND BASIN, SOUTH AFRICA BY P.W. MAMBANE ET AL., SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY 114.2, 109-120." South African Journal of Geology 115, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.115.2.256.

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13

Marecki, Mateusz. "A Debate on the Relationship between Poetry and Politics in W.H. Auden’s In Memory of W.B. Yeats and A. Ostriker’s Elegy before the War." Journal of Education Culture and Society 2, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20111.50.58.

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W.H. Auden’s In Memoriam W.B. Yeats and A. Ostriker’s Elegy Before the War are two pre-war elegies, in which personal and political dimensions are juxtaposed. W.H. Auden’s poem portrays the death of a celebrity against the background of the perplexing 1930s when there was evident growing anxiety about Facism and its repercussions. In her long, 7-section work, A. Ostriker not only commemorates her dead mother, she also formulates a very powerfully articulated anti-war manifesto, in which she both denounces American imperialism during the 2nd Iraq war and questions the meaning of war and violence. W.H. Auden’s elegy serves as a starting point for a debate A. Ostriker sparks over the role of poetry and its relationship with politics. When analysed together with the author’s essays on poetry, their other famous poems and their post-war elegies (The Shield of Achilles and TheEight and Thirteenth), the two poems taken under examination display that the poets’ stance concerning the role of poetry is neither explicit nor consistent. It is interesting also how the debate can be perceived in the context of a dilemma signaled in A. Ostriker’s Poem Sixty Years After Auschwitz where the poet deliberates over what should be the appropriate shape and tone of poetry after the Holocaust.

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ZHAO, WANYI, QIANG FAN, HUAGU YE, XUANHUAI ZHAN, and WENBO LIAO. "Bredia changii, a new species of Melastomataceae from Jiangxi, China." Phytotaxa 307, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.307.1.3.

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A new species, Bredia changii W.Y. Zhao, X.H. Zhan & W.B. Liao (Melastomataceae) is described from Jiangxi Province, China. Bredia changii is distinguished from other species of Bredia by its slender, creeping stem and terminal, solitary flower (seldom two flowers) and stamens almost equal in shape and length. The species is most similar to Bredia microphylla, which differs from the latter by the leaves 2–3.5 × 1.7–3.2 cm, papery, the margin obviously toothed, and homomorphic stamens, the connective without a short spur. The morphological characters of Fordiophyton repens are also similar to Bredia changii, but the stamens of F. repens are obviously dimorphic.

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Aguraiuja, Ruth, Mari Moora, and Martin Zobel. "Population stage structure of Hawaiian endemic fern taxa of Diellia (Aspleniaceae): implications for monitoring and regional dynamics." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1438–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-105.

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Single census data were used to investigate the stage structure within populations of the endemic fern genus Diellia in the Hawaiian Islands. Populations were classified as "dynamic" (sporelings predominate), "normal", or " regressive" (mature plants predominate). Six taxa were studied: Diellia erecta Brack., Diellia erecta f. alexandri (Hillebr.) W.H. Wagner, Diellia falcata Brack., Diellia mannii (D.C. Eaton) W.J. Rob., Diellia pallida W.H. Wagner, and Diellia unisora W.H. Wagner. There were significant differences between the population stage structures of different taxa. The populations of D. erecta f. alexandri, and D. unisora represented regressive cases. Diellia pallida was represented by two regressive and one dynamic local population. The status of local populations of D. erecta and D. falcata varied from dynamic to regressive. Diellia erecta f. alexandri, D. mannii, D. pallida, and D. unisora are probably near extinction. Variation in local population conditions of D. erecta, D. falcata, and D. pallida may represent the history of local colonization and subsequent extinction events. The regional dynamics of these taxa correspond with the metapopulation model, since pteridophytes have good dispersal ability, and recruitment of Diellia species takes place only in moist years and is influenced by local disturbances. We conclude that stage structure of local populations can indicate the regional dynamics of a species. All local Diellia populations have to be considered as priority candidates for future conservation efforts.Key words: conservation, Diellia, Hawaiian Islands, metapopulation, population stage structure, regional dynamics.

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Almeida, Davi Augusto Carneiro de, Tasciano dos Santos Santa Izabel, and Luís Fernando Pascholati Gusmão. "Fungos conidiais do bioma Caatinga I. Novos registros para o continente americano, Neotrópico, América do Sul e Brasil." Rodriguésia 62, no. 1 (March 2011): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201162104.

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Resumo Durante inventário de fungos conidiais realizado na Serra da Fumaça, Pindobaçu, estado da Bahia, Brasil, foram identificadas 44 espécies. Destas, cinco representam novos registro para o continente americano: Dendryphiosphaera parvula Nawawi & Kuthub., Diplococcium dendrocalami Goh, K.D. Hyde & Umali, Sporidesmiella aspera Kuthub. & Nawawi, S. fusiformis W.P. Wu e Triposporium verruculosum R.F. Castañeda, Gené & Guarro. Stanjehughesia hormiscioides (Corda) Subram. é um novo registro para o Neotrópico; Hemibeltrania decorosa R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Kendr constitui novo registro para a América do Sul e Spadicoides macroobovata Matsush. é um novo registro para o Brasil. Descrições, ilustrações, distribuição geográfica mundial e comentários são apresentados para os novos registros citados. Uma lista com as demais espécies encontradas é adicionada.

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Manchester, Steven R., Zhiduan Chen, and Zhekun Zhou. "Wood Anatomy of Craigia (Malvales) from Southeastern Yunnan, China." IAWA Journal 27, no. 2 (2006): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000142.

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Wood anatomy of Craigia W.W. Sm. & W.E. Evans (Malvaceae s.l.), a tree endemic to China and Vietnam, is described in order to provide new characters for assessing its affinities relative to other malvalean genera. Craigia has very low-density wood, with abundant diffuse-in-aggregate axial parenchyma and tile cells of the Pterospermum type in the multiseriate rays. Although Craigia is distinct from Tilia by the presence of tile cells, they share the feature of helically thickened vessels – supportive of the sister group status suggested for these two genera by other morphological characters and preliminary molecular data. Although Craigia is well represented in the fossil record based on fruits, we were unable to locate fossil woods corresponding in anatomy to that of the extant genus.

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HADRAVOVÁ, JANA, and ŠTĚPÁN HOLUB. "LARGE SIMPLE BINARY EQUALITY WORDS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 23, no. 06 (September 2012): 1385–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054112500207.

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Let two nonperiodic binary morphisms g,h: {a,b}* → Δ* be given. A word w is called a solution of g and h if g(w)=h(w). We say that a solution w is simple if whenever w1, w1u, w2and w2u' are prefixes of wωsuch that [Formula: see text] for some word z, then |u|=|u'|=k|w|, for some k ∈ ℕ. In this paper we will study simple solutions and show that if a word w is a simple solution containing at least nine occurrences of the letter a and at least nine occurrences of the letter b, then either w=(ab)ia, or w=ajbkwith gcd (j, k) = 1, up to the exchange of letters a and b.

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Glikson, A. Y. "Archean spherule beds: Impact or terrestrial origin? A discussion of the paper ‘Geochemistry and mineralogy of Early Archean spherule beds, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa: evidence for origin by impact doubtful’ by C. Koeberl, W.U. Reimold and R.H. Boer." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126, no. 4 (September 1994): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(94)90126-0.

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Kovaleva, E., M. S. Huber, F. Roelofse, M. Tredoux, and H. Praekelt. "Reply to the comment made by W.U. Reimold on “Pseudotachylite vein hosted by a clast in the Vredefort Granophyre: characterization, origin and relevance” by E. Kovaleva et al., South African Journal of Geology, 2018, 121, 51-68. doi:10.25131/sajg.121.0002." South African Journal of Geology 122, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.122.0006.

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Cruz, Alisson Cardoso Rodrigues da, and Luís Fernando Pascholati Gusmão. "Fungos conidiais na Caatinga: espécies lignícolas." Acta Botanica Brasilica 23, no. 4 (December 2009): 1133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062009000400023.

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Um inventário de fungos conidiais foi realizado em seis áreas de extrema importância biológica do bioma Caatinga. Foram identificadas 41 espécies, com Dactylaria cazorlii Mercado, Gené & Guarro e Thozetella queenslandica Paulus, P.Gadek & K.D. Hyde descritas pela segunda vez para a ciência. Ellisembia bambusae (M.B. Ellis) W.P. Wu, Gonytrichum mirabile Hol.-Jech., Uberispora tropicalis Bhat & W.B. Kendr. constituem novas ocorrências para o continente americano; Acrophragmis coronata Kiffer & Reisinger, Bactrodesmium linderi (J.L. Crane & Shearer) M.E. Palm & E.L. Stewart, Piricauda cochinensis (Subram.) M.B. Ellis e Taeniolella alta (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes novas ocorrências para a América do Sul; Sporoschisma saccardoi E.W. Mason & S. Hughes e Stachylidium bicolor var. bicolor Link novas ocorrências para o Brasil e Paraceratocladium bacilliformis Calduch, Stchigel, Gene & Guarro nova citação para o semi-árido brasileiro. As novas ocorrências são descritas, ilustradas e comentadas e é incluída uma lista com as demais espécies encontradas.

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Markova, E. A. "THE TRADITION OF ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ELEGY AND J. BRODSKY’s POETRY." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 29, no. 6 (December 25, 2019): 1030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2019-29-6-1030-1036.

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In the present article J. Brodsky’s poetry is analyzed in the context of a particular elegiac tradition associated with some key figures of English-language poetry of the mid-to-late 20th century. These are W.B. Yeats, T.S. Eliot, W.H. Auden and S. Heaney. The aim of the article is to examine the continuity of the 20th century English poetry by the example of a sequence of dedication poems (elegies), in which each subsequent poem alludes to the previous one(s). The comparative method allows us not only to show the features of modern English-language poetry (for instance, the link between elegiac mood and reflection on the purpose of poetry), but also to analyze the influence of poets’ interpersonal contacts on their works. Special emphasis is put on J. Brodsky’s poetry as it may seem extraneous to the English-language tradition in question. The analysis of Brodsky’s personal and creative biography, his particular dedication poems and essays allows us to find the links between the Russian poet and the literary tradition of Great Britain, Ireland and the USA.

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Ma, Jian Zhong, Qun Na Xu, Dang Ge Gao, Jing Yi Zhang, and Yan Xiao Ma. "Effect of Hydrogen Bonding Interaction on the Properties of Caprolactam-Modified Casein/Waterborne Polyurenthane Composite." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 1090–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.1090.

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Caprolactam modified casein(CA-CPL) was prepared by using casein and caprolactam firstly. Caprolactam modified casein/waterborne polyurethane composite (CA-CPL/WPU) was prepared from CA-CPL and WPU. Effect of compounding conditions, such as the WPU dosage, compounding temperature and compounding time on CA-CPL/WPU performance were investigated. The results indicated that: CA-CPL/WPU achieved superior comprehensive performance when the WPU dosage was 50%, the compounding temperature and the compounding time was 80°Cand 2 h respectively. Viscosity of CA-CPL/WPU decreased firstly with the increasing amount of WPU When the WPU dosage was lower than 30%, and then increased gradually when the WPU dosage was higher than 30%. The more the dosage of WPU used in the reaction, the less dilution stability CA-CPL/WPU had. Acidic resistance, alkali resistance and electrolyte resistance of CA-CPL/WPU seemed to be invariable after WPU was introduced , but water resistance and softness of the film were improved. FT-IR and DLS results indicated that via the compounding process, certain hydrogen bonding interaction in CA-CPL/WPU took place and the obtained CA-CPL/WPU had a small Z-average size and polydispersity.

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Sims, H. E. "Yields of radiolysis products from γ-irradiated supercritical water—A re-analysis data by W.G. Burns and W.R. Marsh." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 75, no. 9 (September 2006): 1047–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2006.01.010.

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Bartlett, Richard, Gary Liney, and Dieter Halden. "V.M. Runge, W.R. Nitz, S.H. Schmeets, W.H. Falukner, N.K. Desai (eds): The physics of clinical MR taught through images." Neuroradiology 48, no. 5 (March 28, 2006): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-006-0058-3.

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Xu, Chengshu, Lei OuYang, Yan Ren, Zaisheng Cai, Shaofeng Lu, Jing Zhang, and Wenzhao Shi. "Synthesis and Properties of Linear Polyether-Blocked Amino Silicone-Modified Cationic Waterborne Polyurethane." International Journal of Polymer Science 2020 (April 8, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4162368.

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In this study, a waterborne polyurethane (WPU) is synthesized by using polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) to form the soft segment, 1,4-butanediol (BDO) as the chain extender, n-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) as a hydrophilic chain extender, and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) to form the hard segment. Furthermore, the modified cationic WPU emulsion and its films are created through a reaction between the WPU and a linear polyether-blocked amino silicone (LEPS), which is an organosilicon compound that imparts flexibility. The properties of the structure and formed WPU films are then characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, a thermogravimetric analysis, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as by measuring the water contact angle, testing the water absorption, etc. It is found that, with an increase in the LEPS content in the WPU, the particle size of the modified WPU emulsion is increased, the WPU films are more flexible, and the resistance of the modified WPU films to heat and water are increased, while the crystallinity is reduced. The polysiloxane chain segment, which is added to the LEPS-modified WPU emulsion, is significantly enriched on the surface of the modified WPU films, while there are no adverse effects of the LEPS-modified WPU emulsion on the adhesive force between the WPU and substrate. When the LEPS content of the WPU is 14.0 wt%, the modified WPU emulsion and film provide the best performance.

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Manu, Minodora, Raluca Ioana Băncilă, Nicolae Lotrean, Denisa Badiu, Roxana Nicoară, Marilena Onete, and Florian Bodescu. "Monitoring of the saproxylic beetle Morimus asper funereus Mulsant, 1862 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Măcin Mountains National Park, Romania." Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 62, no. 1 (July 31, 2019): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/travaux.62.e38591.

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During 2014 and 2015, the species Morimus asper funereus Mulsant, 1862 was monitorised in the Măcin Mountains National Park, Romania using the visual transect method. The studied was focused on two topics: to determine the numerical abundance of Morimus asper funereus populations and to identify the environmental variables which influenced them. Ten abiotic factors were analysed: altitude (A), exposition (Ex.), slope (S.a), forest coverage (F.c.), air temperature (A.t.), soil temperature (S.t.), air relative humidity (A.h.), cloud-cover (Nb.), wind speed (W.s.) and wind direction (W.d.). During the study period, 112 individuals were identified. The most favourable habitats for this species were Moesian silver lime woods (91Z0) and Pannonian-Balkanic Turkey oak – sessile oak forests (91M0). The main environmental variables that influenced the beetle population dynamics were the forest coverage and wind direction. Taking into account these two parameters, we concluded that Morimus asper funereus preferred semi-shaded and semi-open habitats, characteristic of mature, old, deciduous forests within the Măcin Mountains National Park. In order to protect this species, special attention must be given to the forest management measures, e.g. protection of fallen trees, abundant coarse woody debris and a dense canopy.

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Kay, J. A., and M. V. Posner. "Routes to Economic Integration: 1992 in the European Community." National Institute Economic Review 129 (August 1989): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795018912900108.

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1992 is a staging post on the route to European economic integration. For Britain, the real issues are not national sovereignty versus supranationalism, but the choice between a liberal, market oriented path to integration and a planned, centralised one. The paper assesses these options as they arise in regulatory policies, in industrial strategy, and in the monetary and fiscal policies facing the Community. It recognises that there are major policy areas where the creation of a central authority is essential but concludes that the market route is often the right—and the only feasible—approach.This is the third article from members of the CLARE Group to appear in the Review. Future articles will normally appear about twice a year. The Review is pleased to give hospitality to the deliberations of the CLARE Group but is not necessarily in agreement with the views expressed. Members of the CLARE Group are M.J. Artis, A.J.C. Britton, W.A. Brown, C.H. Feinstein, C.A.E Goodhart, D.A. Hay, J.A. Kay, R.C.O. Matthews, M.H. Miller, P.M. Oppenheimer, M.V. Posner, W.B. Reddaway, J.R. Sargent, M.F-G. Scott, Z.A. Silberston, J.H.B. Tew, J.S. Vickers, S. Wadhwani.

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Brown, William, and Sushil Wadhwani. "The Economic Effects of Industrial Relations Legislation Since 1979." National Institute Economic Review 131 (February 1990): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019013100106.

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This is the fourth article from members of the CLARE Group to appear in the Review. Future articles will normally appear about twice a year. The Review is pleased to give hospitality to the deliberations of the CLARE Group but is not necessarily in agreement with the views expressed. Members of the CLARE Group are M.J. Artis, A.J.C. Britton, W.A. Brown, C.H. Feinstein, C.A.E. Goodhart, D.A. Hay, J.A. Kay, R.C.O. Matthews, M.H. Miller, P.M. Oppenheimer, M.V. Posner, W.B. Reddaway, J.R. Sargent, M.F-G. Scott, Z.A. Silberston, J.H.B. Tew, J.S. Vickers, S. Wadhwani.The industrial relations legislation of the 1980s has been widely credited with having made a major contribution to Britain's economic performance. This study evaluates its actual impact. The costs to trade unions of strike action have increased, but the legislation has had some perverse effects, not least in encouraging unions to tighten up their own organisation. The economic consequences predicted by the policy makers are investigated by means of a number of econometric studies. They suggest that the expected employment and wage effects did not occur. They also failed to provide improvements in labour productivity. The study offers an alternative explanation of these findings.

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Zhang, Sainan, and Xiankai Jiang. "Synthesis and characterization of non-ionic and anionic two-component aromatic waterborne polyurethane." Pigment & Resin Technology 47, no. 4 (July 2, 2018): 290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-07-2017-0067.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to synthesize and characterize a series of two-component aromatic waterborne polyurethane (2K-WPU) which is composed of non-ionic and anionic polyisocyanate aqueous dispersion and polyurethane polyol aqueous dispersion. Design/methodology/approach The polyisocyanate aqueous dispersion was synthesized through non-ionic and anionic hydrophilic modification procedures. The values of the hydrogen bonding index (HBI) and molecule structures of WPU were obtained by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The thermal, mechanical and water resistance properties of 2K-WPU films were investigated. Findings The appearance of non-ionic polyisocyanate aqueous dispersion and anionic polyisocyanate aqueous dispersion was colorless translucent pan blue and yellow opaque emulsions, respectively. FTIR not only showed that 2K-WPU was obtained from the polymerization of polyisocyanate component and polyhydroxy component by polymerization but also showed that the content of hydrogen bondings of anionic 2K-WPU (WPU 2) was higher than non-ionic 2K-WPU (WPU 1). The glass-transition temperature (Tg), storage modulus and water resistance of WPU 2 were higher than WPU1, whereas the thermal stability of WPU1 was better than WPU 2. Practical implications The investigation established a method to prepare a series of 2K-WPU which was composed of non-ionic or anionic polyisocyanate aqueous dispersion and polyurethane polyol aqueous dispersion. The prepared 2K-WPU film could be applied as substrate resin material in the field of waterborne coating. Originality/value The paper established a method to synthesize a series of 2K-WPU. The effect of HBI value and the molecule structure of soft segment on the thermal stability, mechanical and water resistance properties of 2K-WPU films were studied.

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Wang, Ruiqi, Bing Zhou, Yanchao Zhu, and Zichen Wang. "Effects of Lignin-Derived Polycarboxylic Acids on the Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane Elastomers." International Journal of Polymer Science 2018 (October 4, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7989367.

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Lignin was modified by oxidation to prepare lignin-derived polycarboxylic acids (LPCAs), which can be introduced into waterborne polyurethane (WPU) elastomers through the interactions with the soft segments of WPU. The changes of water resistance, thermal and tensile properties of WPU elastomers were observed. After LPCAs were added, the water solubility of WPU elastomers was increased. Besides, the weight loss peak of the soft segments of WPU moved to the lower temperature, indicating that the decomposition of soft segments became easier and the interspace of the soft segments regions was enlarged by LPCAs. Comparing with the blank WPU elastomer, when the LPCA loading was 2.5 wt% (based on PPG-1000), the tensile stress of the LPCA-WPU materials at 100% and 300% strain increased 135.4% and 90.5% separately, and the modulus of elasticity in tension increased 383.6%. Therefore, LPCAs could serve as reinforcing fillers in WPU elastomers, which contributes to develop more functional and eco-friendly WPU materials. Moreover, the usage of lignin is broadened.

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Chang, Jiajia, Xiaoqing Wang, Jian Shao, Xiaomeng Li, Wei Xin, and Yunjun Luo. "Synthesis and Characterization of Environmentally-Friendly Self-Matting Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings." Coatings 10, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10050494.

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A series of self-matting waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) were successfully prepared by introducing hydrophilic units into both soft and hard segments. By employing a polycaprolactone polyol containing carboxylate groups within the polymer chains to provide hydrophilicity directly, the matting performance of WPU films was greatly improved. The chemical structures of the WPU resins were confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, and the morphology of WPU films was observed by SEM. The parameters of WPU preparation were investigated in detail. It was found that the surface gloss of WPU films as well as the particle sizes of WPU dispersions were closely associated with the content of hydrophilic units. As the content of carboxylates or sulfonates increased, the particle sizes of WPU decreased, while the gloss increased gradually. When the particle sizes of dispersions were greater than 3 μm, the gloss of WPU films coated on a leather surface was lower than 1. The results of TG showed that, the initial decomposition temperatures of WPU films were higher than 280 °C, which indicated these films also had good thermal stability. The prepared self-matting WPU coatings would have potential application prospects in the field of leather finishing.

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33

Ishizaki, Riaru, Agusta Samodra Putra, Sosaku Ichikawa, Tofael Ahamed, Makoto M. Watanabe, and Ryozo Noguchi. "Microalgae Oil Production Using Wastewater in Japan—Introducing Operational Cost Function for Sustainable Management of WWTP." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 5310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205310.

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A comparative evaluation of economic efficiency was performed for native polyculture microalgae oil production in an oxidation ditch (OD) process wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). A cost function was developed for the process. The operational cost per 1 m3 of wastewater (w.w.) was 1.34 $/m3-w.w. in the existing scenario, 1.29 $/m3-w.w. in algal scenario A (no cost for CO2 and waste heat) and 1.36 $/m3-w.w. in algal scenario B (no cost for CO2). The conditions were set as follows: hydraulic retention time (HRT): 4 days, microalgal productivity: 0.148 g/L and daily treatment volume: 81.6 m3-w.w./d. The cost differences were related to the increase in polymer flocculants for algae separation (+0.23 $/m3-w.w), carbon credits from CO2 absorption (−0.01 $/m3-w.w), the sales of biocrude (−0.04 $/m3-w.w) and sludge disposal (−0.18 $/m3-w.w). Hence, the introduction of the algae scenario was the same cost-effective as the existing scenario. Microalgae oil production in an OD process WWTP can serve as a new energy system and reduce the environmental load in a society with a declining population.

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Watase, Luciano Giammarusti. "W.A.>." Texto Digital 14, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-9288.2018v14n2p156.

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Beam, Bonnie J. "WCU MicroNet:." Computers in the Schools 12, no. 1-2 (July 18, 1996): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j025v12n01_10.

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Sellers, Ian. "W.T. Whitley." Baptist Quarterly 37, no. 4 (January 1997): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0005576x.1997.11752034.

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Younger, D. H. "W.T. Tutte." Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B 92, no. 2 (November 2004): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jctb.2004.09.002.

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38

Chen, Jian Bing, and Qiang Guo. "Structures and Properties of the Coating for SPEEK/WPU." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 1330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.1330.

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SPEEK can be dispersed in water as well as WPU, so the coating for SPEEK/WPU can be obtained in the water, and its films were investigated on the structures and properties by SEM, TGA, Shore Durometer and so forth, the results show that SPEEK as a micro-phase can disperse in WPU phase, and there is a good thermal stability when the temperature is below 290°C, and there is good improvement on the hardness of the films of coating that is about 60HA-65HA. The pH of the coating for SPEEK/WPU is about 7.0-8.0. The ratio of water absorption for films of the coating for SPEEK/WPU is about 10% and is below that of WPU, swelling of the films for solvents is also below that of WPU.

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Lin, Yu Zhe, Jia Min Zeng, Jing Hong Ma, and Jing Hua Gong. "Preparation and Property of Waterborne Polyurethane/Cellulose Nanofiber Nanocomposite Films." Materials Science Forum 993 (May 2020): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.631.

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Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) is a new type of polyurethane system, which using water instead of organic solvent as dispersing medium. Because of its non-toxicity and environmental safety, WPU is considered as the development direction of coatings and adhesives. However, the mechanical properties of WPU are worse than that of solvent-based polyurethane, therefore, the modification of WPU has received increasingly attention. Meanwhile numerous evidences demonstrate the excellent properties of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) such as high aspect ratio, low weight and outstanding mechanical strength. Therefore, there is a high expectation for CNFs to be introduced into WPU as reinforcing filler. In this work, a series of CNFs/WPU nanocomposite films were prepared by solution blending. The structure, morphology, thermal behavior and mechanical properties were investigated. SEM results showed that CNFs were evenly dispersed in the WPU matrix. Tensile tests indicated that the modulus and tensile strength of CNFs/WPU nanocomposite films were improved compared with the neat film. While the break elongation of the nanocomposite films decreased with the increase of CNFs content. The synergistic interaction between CNFs and WPU matrix plays an important role in the enhancement of mechanical properties.

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Baillie, Ian. "Amazonian Dark Earths: Wim Sombroek's Vision - by Woods, W.I., Teixeira, W.G., Lehmann, J., Steiner, C., WinklerPrins, A.M.G.A. & Rebellato, L. (editors)." European Journal of Soil Science 60, no. 6 (August 4, 2009): 1126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2009.01179.x.

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Arjoo, Arjoo, Yadvika Yadvika, and Y. K. Yadav. "Performance Evaluation of a Solar Tunnel Dryer For Around The Year Use." Current Agriculture Research Journal 5, no. 3 (November 11, 2017): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.5.3.22.

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This study was done to evaluate the performance of a walk-in type solar tunnel dryer for around the year use. In the present study, the performance of solar tunnel dryer was evaluated at no load and at full load conditions. Full loading was done with garlic, chili, fenugreek and aonla candy according to their seasonal availability in Hisar, India. At no load condition, performance was evaluated during three seasons i.e summer, winter, and autumn. During full load, the dryer reduces the moisture content of garlic from 65% (w.b.) to about 8.5% (w.b.) in 8 days, chilli from 77%(w.b.) to 7% (w.b.) in 7 days, fenugreek from 86% (w.b.) to 7.2% (w.b.) in 5 days and aonla candy from 44% (w.b.) to a safe moisture content of 16%(w.b.).The thermal efficiency of the dryer was also measured and was found between 8.89% to 17.63%. A temperature of 15-30 ºC higher than the atmospheric temperature was recorded inside the dryer. Products dried were hygienic and their sensory evaluation showed that they were of good quality and highly acceptable.

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Zhou, Jin Hua, Jing Yang, Wen Jie Ma, Ni Li, and Han Zhou Sun. "Study on the Modification of Waterborne Polyurethane by Tung Oil Anhydride-Ester Polyol." Advanced Materials Research 1088 (February 2015): 460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.460.

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Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) emulsions were prepared with Tung oil anhydride-ester polyol (TOAEP) as modifier via the acetone process. The structure, morphology, emulsion particle size, thermal property and mechanical property of the Modified WPU were investigated by FT-IR, SEM, Laser particle size analysis, TG and tensile test, respectively. The experimental results show that the modified WPU emulsion particle size increases along with the growth of weight content of TOAEP. Compared with the unmodified WPU emulsion film, water and toluene absorption of the modified WPU emulsion film have decreased significantly, indicating that water and solvent resistance are remarkably improved after the modification. Tensile test shows that the tensile strength of the modified WPU emulsion film increases with the content of TOAEP while the reverse is true for the elongation at break. The characteristic thermo-decomposition temperatures of WPU have been increased notably after modification by the introduction of TOAEP which indicates that the heat resistance has been improved after modification. Morphology analysis shows that the soft segment phase and hard segment phase in the WPU are more compatible after modification.

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Zhang, Jizhi, and Xiankai Jiang. "Synthesis and characterization of alicyclic two-component waterborne polyurethane." Pigment & Resin Technology 47, no. 4 (July 2, 2018): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-07-2017-0064.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to synthesize and characterize a series of alicyclic two-component waterborne polyurethane (2K-WPU) which is composed of non-ionic polyisocyanate aqueous dispersion and hydroxyl aqueous dispersion. Design/methodology/approach The appearances of aqueous dispersions and 2K-WPU films were observed by photographs. The micromorphology of alicyclic polyisocyanate aqueous dispersion was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The molecule structures of WPU were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The effect of NCO:OH molar ratio of two components and trimethylolpropane (TMP) content on the thermal stability, mechanical and water resistance properties of 2K-WPU films was studied. Findings It was found by SEM that alicyclic polyisocyanate particles in aqueous dispersion showed a kind of spherical particle appearance, in which hydrophobic polyisocyanate was encapsulated by hydrophilic ether linkages segment. FTIR showed that WPU was polymerized through mixture of polyisocyanate component and hydroxyl component and increasing NCO:OH molar ratio of two components from 1.1:1 to 1.5:1 had increased the content of urea, urethane and allophanate of 2K-WPU films. Increasing NCO:OH molar ratio had improved the mechanical and thermal properties of the 2K-WPU film, but the water resistance of the 2K-WPU film increased first and then weakened. Increasing TMP contents from 1 to 0.75 mol for 1:5 system had improved the mechanical, thermal and water resistance properties of the 2K-WPU film. Practical implications The investigation established a method to prepare alicyclic 2K-WPU which is composed of non-ionic polyisocyanate aqueous dispersion and hydroxyl aqueous dispersion. The prepared 2K-WPU film could be applied in the field of waterborne surface coating, e.g. textile, wood and synthetic leather surfaces (Hasan et al., 2017; Akindoyo et al., 2016). Originality/value The paper established a method to synthesize alicyclic two-component 2K-WPU. The effect of NCO:OH molar ratio and TMP content on the thermal stability, mechanical and water resistance properties of 2K-WPU films were studied.

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Wei, Yi-Gang, Fang Wen, Long-Fei Fu, and Wen-Tsai Wang. "Three new species of Elatostema J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Urticaceae) in limestone caves from Guangxi and Guizhou, China." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 20, no. 1 (June 25, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v20i1.15458.

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Three new species of Elatostema J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. from Guangxi and Guizhou, China are described and illustrated. They are E. atrostriatum W.T. Wang & Y.G. Wei, which is most similar to E. stewardii Merr.; E. jingxiense W.T. Wang & Y.G. Wei, which is most similar to E. malacotrichum W.T. Wang & Y.G. Wei, and E. schizodiscum W.T. Wang & Y.G. Wei, which is most similar to E. angulaticaule W.T. Wang & Y.G. Wei.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v20i1.15458Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 20(1): 1-8, 2013 (June)

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Jianbing, Chen, Ning Xiangli, Hu Wenjing, and Wang Jiangjie. "Preparation and Performance Research of WPU Modified by Nanopolyphosphazenes." Open Materials Science Journal 9, no. 1 (April 17, 2015): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874088x01509010006.

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It is reported in this paper that waterborne polyurethane (WPU) can be modified by nanopolyphosphazenes fibers, which had been prepared containing hydroxyl groups, followed by reaction with WPU. At the same time, physical blends had also been carried out in the experiments. The results showed that the tensile strength of the WPU films through chemical modification containing 0.5 wt% fibers is, 1.22 MPa, and that the elongation at break is 1294.50%. This data has significantly increased when compared against WPU, in which the elongation at break is only 785.50%. The thermal decomposition temperature of the WPU modified by nanopolyphosphazenes is 50 % higher than that of regular WPU. At the same time, its preparation method had some influences on the mechanical properties of the composite materials.

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Choi, Soon, Min Lee, and Eun Shin. "One-Pot Processing of Regenerated Cellulose Nanoparticles/Waterborne Polyurethane Nanocomposite for Eco-friendly Polyurethane Matrix." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 18, 2019): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020356.

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Regenerated cellulose nanoparticles (RCNs) reinforced waterborne polyurethanes (WPU) were developed to improve mechanical properties as well as biodegradability by using a facile, eco-friendly approach, and introducing much stronger chemical bonding than common physical bonding between RCNs and WPU. Firstly, RCNs which have an effect on improving the solubility and stability of a solution, thereby resulting in lower crystallinity, were fabricated by using a NaOH/urea solution. In addition, the stronger chemical bond between RCNs and WPU was here introduced by regarding at which stage in particular added RCNs worked best on strengthening their bond in the process of WPU synthesis. The chemical structure, mechanical, particle size and distribution, viscosity, and thermal properties of the resultant RCNs/WPU nanocomposites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR), Zeta-potential analysis, viscometer, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Instron, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The results of all characterizations indicated that the RCNs/WPU-DMF associated with the addition of RCNs in DMF-dispersed step resulted in more effectively crosslinked between WPU and nano-fillers of nanocellulose particles in the dispersion than Acetone and Water-dispersed steps, thereby attributing to novel interactions formed between RCNs and WPU.

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Ren, Xinlin, Yi Mei, Peichao Lian, Delong Xie, Weibin Deng, Yaling Wen, and Yong Luo. "Fabrication and Application of Black Phosphorene/Graphene Composite Material as a Flame Retardant." Polymers 11, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020193.

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A simple and novel route is developed for fabricating BP-based composite materials to improve the thermo-stability, flame retardant performances, and mechanical performances of polymers. Black phosphorene (BP) has outstanding flame retardant properties, however, it causes the mechanical degradation of waterborne polyurethane (WPU). In order to solve this problem, the graphene is introduced to fabricate the black phosphorene/graphene (BP/G) composite material by high-pressure nano-homogenizer machine (HNHM). The structure, thermo-stability, flame retardant properties, and mechanical performance of composites are analyzed by a series of tests. The structure characterization results show that the BP/G composite material can distribute uniformly into the WPU. The addition of BP/G significantly improves the residues of WPU in both of TG analysis (5.64%) and cone calorimeter (CC) test (12.50%), which indicate that the BP/G can effectively restrict the degradation of WPU under high temperature. The CC test indicates that BP/G/WPU has a lower peak release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR), which decrease by 48.18% and 38.63%, respectively, than that of the pure WPU, respectively. The mechanical analysis presents that the Young’s modulus of the BP/G/WPU has an increase of seven times more than that of the BP/WPU, which indicates that the introduce of graphene can effectively improve the mechanical properties of BP/WPU.

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48

Fischer, A. "Comparison of direct and geodetic mass balances on a multi-annual time scale." Cryosphere Discussions 4, no. 3 (July 23, 2010): 1151–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-4-1151-2010.

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Abstract. Glacier mass balance is measured with the direct or the geodetic method. In this study, the geodetic mass balances of six Austrian glaciers in 19 periods between 1953 and 2006 are compared to the direct mass balances in the same periods. The mean annual geodetic mass balance for all periods is −0.5 m w.e./year. The mean difference between the geodetic and the direct data is −0.7 m w.e., the minimum −7.3 m w.e. and the maximum 5.6 m w.e. The accuracy of geodetic mass balance resulting from the accuracy of the DEMs ranges from 2 m w.e. for photogrammetric data to 0.002 m w.e. for LIDAR data. Basal melt, seasonal snow cover and density changes of the surface layer contribute up to 0.7 m w.e. for the period of 10 years to the difference to the direct method. The characteristics of published data of Griesgletscher, Gulkana Glacier, Lemon Creek glacier, South Cascade, Storbreen, Storglaciären, and Zongo Glacier is similar to these Austrian glaciers. For 26 analyzed periods with an average length of 18 years the mean difference between the geodetic and the direct data is −0.4 m w.e., the minimum −7.2 m w.e. and the maximum 3.6 m w.e. Longer periods between the acquisition of the DEMs do not necessarily result in a higher accuracy of the geodetic mass balance. Specific glaciers show specific trends of the difference between the direct and the geodetic data according to their type and state. In conclusion, geodetic and direct mass balance data are complementary, but differ systematically.

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Williamson, Martha A. "Factors in United States Forest Service district rangers' decision to manage a fire for resource benefit." International Journal of Wildland Fire 16, no. 6 (2007): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf06019.

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United States wildland fire policy and program reviews in 1995 and 2000 required both the reduction of hazardous fuel and recognition of fire as a natural process. Despite the fact that existing policy permits managing natural ignitions to meet resource benefits, or Wildland Fire Use (WFU), most fuel reduction projects rely on mechanical treatments and prescribed fire. Budget constraints suggest that successful fuel and ecosystem management hinges on expanding WFU. The decision to authorise WFU in the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS) rests with line officers, and the so-called ‘go/no go’ decision constitutes a time-critical risk assessment. Factors influencing this decision clearly impact the viability of WFU. The present study examined influences on line officers’ go/no go decision. A telephone survey was conducted of all USFS district rangers with WFU authority in the Northern, Intermountain, and Southwestern Regions. The census was completed during February 2005 and obtained an 85% response rate. Data were analysed using Classification and Regression Tree analysis. Personal commitment to WFU provided the primary classifier for 91% of the district rangers who authorised WFU. External factors, negative public perception, resource availability, and a perceived lack of support from the USFS were the main disincentives to authorising WFU.

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Greene, Michael F. "Viral diseases of the fetus and newborn. J.B. Hanshaw, J.A. Dudgeon, and W.C. Marshall. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1985, 335 pp., $44.95." Teratology 35, no. 3 (June 1987): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420350323.

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Journal articles on the topic 'W.U'

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