Academic literature on the topic 'W3'

The conventional quantization of w3-strings gives theories which are equivalent to special cases of bosonic strings. We explore whether a more general quantization can lead to new generalized W3-string theories by seeking to construct quantum BRST charges directly without requiring the existence of a quantum W3-algebra. We study W3-like strings with a direct space-time interpretation — that is, with matter given by explicit free field realizations. Special emphasis is placed on the attempt to construct a quantum W-string associated with the magic realizations of the classical w3-algebra. We give the general conditions for the existence of W3-like strings, and comment on how the known results fit into our general construction. Our results are negative: we find no new consistent string theories, and in particular rule out the possibility of critical strings based on the magic realizations.

We investigate the spectrum of physical states in the W3 string theory, up to level 2 for a multiscalar string, and up to level 4 for the two-scalar string. The (open) W3 string has a photon as its only massless state. By using screening charges to study the null physical states in the two-scalar W3 string, we are able to learn about the gauge symmetries of the states in the multiscalar W3 string.

Ce mémoire d'HDR (Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches) représente une synthèse de mes activités d'enseignement et de mes travaux de recherche. Mon parcours de recherche a été centré sur les acides gras polyinsaturés de la famille oméga-3, notamment l'acide docosahexaénoïque (DHA), un nutriment bioactif indispensable au développement du système nerveux central et à la fonction rétinienne. Mon intérêt pour cette molécule fondamentale m'a amenée au cours de ces années à réaliser des recherches allant de la biosynthèse du DHA à partir de son précurseur (l'acide alpha-linolénique), à son ciblage spécifique au niveau de la sphère cérébro-vasculaire en passant par son métabolisme (peroxydation lipidique et métabolisme oxygéné).

The thesis goes on to extend the work of Bretherton (2003) and Moore et al. (2007) on the W3 Giant Molecular Cloud, by performing NH3 follow up of a sample of the cores discovered in the 850um SCUBA map and observing the whole cloud in 13CO(J=1-0) and C18O(J=1-0). - The NH3(1,1) and NH3(2,2) observations of the SCUBA cores used the fact that NH3 only traces the densest regions of the cloud, and hence can be used to find the temperature and kinematics of the cores themselves. This was used to test if the individual cores were virially bound, and from this find if cores in the more densely star-forming region of the cloud (High-Density Layer, HDL) were more likely to be bound than those in the Low-Density Layer (LDL). There are a mixture of virially bound and unbound cores in both the HDL and the LDL but no statistical difference in ratio of these between the two regions. This has an important bearing on models of environmentally-dependent star-formation, which divide into two categories; those, such as Collect and Collapse (Dale et al., 2007), which state that external pressures create dense structure, and those such as Radiatively- Driven Instability (RD I) (Bertoldi, 1989), which state that those external pressures cause dense structure to collapse. The evidence from this thesis favours models in which dense structure is created according to the Collect and Collapse scenario.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Departamento de Sociologia, 2016.
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A partir do conceito de dispositivo, desenvolvido por Michel Foucault, proponho a construção de um dispositivo para a prostituição feminina da avenida W3 norte, em Brasília/DF. Assim, analiso, por meio do conceito de representações sociais, de Serge Moscovici, a constante interação das narrativas morais, religiosas, médicas, jurídicas e sociológicas acerca da prostituição feminina com diversos elementos relacionados ao espaço da avenida W3 norte, captados por meio de observação flutuante. Dessa forma, abordei as questões arquitetônicas e a apropriação do espaço pela prostituição feminina na avenida W3 norte; índices de criminalidade relacionada a esta atividade, entre os anos de 2010 a 2015, através da análise de ocorrências policiais registradas na Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal; entrevistas semiestruturadas com prostitutas, policiais militares e policiais civis que atuam na região, além de clientes do serviço. Ademais, considerei também a discussão da prostituição no campo feminista acadêmico e sua interação com os elementos coletados. Ao final, diante de todos esses elementos heterogêneos foi possível indicar traços para um dispositivo da prostituição feminina da avenida W3 norte, caracterizado pelo intenso tráfego de veículos, pela separação espacial das atividades, pela cristalização de velhas representações sociais morais, religiosas, médicas, jurídicas e sociais sobre a prostituição feminina, pela objetivação das relações pessoais, discrição, praticidade e agilidade da atividade. Ademais, foi possível também constatar que a criminalidade associada à prostituição na W3 norte é pouco significante quando comparada aos registros totais de ocorrências policiais na área, o que demostra certa desproporcionalidade da rejeição social à atividade. Contudo, também identifiquei, em razão das características da prostituição no local, uma grande subnotificação de eventuais condutas criminosas relacionadas à atividade, principalmente quando as vítimas são as próprias prostitutas.A partir do conceito de dispositivo, desenvolvido por Michel Foucault, proponho a construção de um dispositivo para a prostituição feminina da avenida W3 norte, em Brasília/DF. Assim, analiso, por meio do conceito de representações sociais, de Serge Moscovici, a constante interação das narrativas morais, religiosas, médicas, jurídicas e sociológicas acerca da prostituição feminina com diversos elementos relacionados ao espaço da avenida W3 norte, captados por meio de observação flutuante. Dessa forma, abordei as questões arquitetônicas e a apropriação do espaço pela prostituição feminina na avenida W3 norte; índices de criminalidade relacionada a esta atividade, entre os anos de 2010 a 2015, através da análise de ocorrências policiais registradas na Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal; entrevistas semiestruturadas com prostitutas, policiais militares e policiais civis que atuam na região, além de clientes do serviço. Ademais, considerei também a discussão da prostituição no campo feminista acadêmico e sua interação com os elementos coletados. Ao final, diante de todos esses elementos heterogêneos foi possível indicar traços para um dispositivo da prostituição feminina da avenida W3 norte, caracterizado pelo intenso tráfego de veículos, pela separação espacial das atividades, pela cristalização de velhas representações sociais morais, religiosas, médicas, jurídicas e sociais sobre a prostituição feminina, pela objetivação das relações pessoais, discrição, praticidade e agilidade da atividade. Ademais, foi possível também constatar que a criminalidade associada à prostituição na W3 norte é pouco significante quando comparada aos registros totais de ocorrências policiais na área, o que demostra certa desproporcionalidade da rejeição social à atividade. Contudo, também identifiquei, em razão das características da prostituição no local, uma grande subnotificação de eventuais condutas criminosas relacionadas à atividade, principalmente quando as vítimas são as próprias prostitutas.
Based on the concept of a dispositiv, developed by Michel Foucault, I propose the construction of a dispositiv for female prostitution on the north W3 Avenue, in Brasília/DF. Thus, I analyze, through the concept of social representations, by Serge Moscovici, the constant interaction of moral, religious, medical, juridical and sociological narratives about female prostitution with various elements related to the space of the north W3 avenue, captured through floating observation. Thus, I dealt with architectural issues and appropriation of space for female prostitution on the north W3 Avenue; Crime rates related to this activity, between the years 2010 to 2015, through the analysis of police occurrences recorded in the Civil Police of the Federal District; Semi-structured interviews with prostitutes, military policemen and civilian policemen who work in the region, as well as clients of the service. In addition, I also considered the discussion of prostitution in the academic feminist field and its interaction with the collected elements. In the end, in front of all these heterogeneous elements, it was possible to indicate traces of a feminine prostitution dispositiv of the north W3 avenue, characterized by intense vehicular traffic, spatial separation of activities, crystallization of old moral, religious, medical, legal, and social representations about female prostitution, through the objectification of personal relationships, discretion, practicality and agility of the activity. In addition, it was also possible to verify that the crime associated with prostitution in the north W3 is insignificant when compared to the total records of police occurrences in the area, which demonstrates a certain disproportionality of the social rejection to the activity. However, I have also identified, due to the characteristics of prostitution on the spot, a great underreporting of possible criminal conduct related to the activity, especially when the victims are the prostitutes themselves.
A partir del concepto de dispositivo, desarrollado por Michel Foucault, propongo la construcción de un dispositivo para la prostitución femenina de la avenida W3 Norte, en Brasília/DF. Así, analizo, por medio del concepto de representaciones sociales, de Serge Moscovici, la constante interacción de las narrativas morales, religiosas, médicas, jurídicas y sociológicas acerca de la prostitución femenina con diversos elementos relacionados al espacio de la avenida W3 Norte, captados por medio de la observación fluctuante. De esa forma, abordaré cuestiones arquitectónicas y la apropiación del espacio por la prostitución femenina en la avenida W3 Norte, índices de criminalidad relacionados a esta actividad, entre los años 2010 y 2015, a través del análisis de ocurrencias policiales registradas en la Policía Civil del Distrito Federal; entrevistas semi-estructuradas con prostitutas, policías militares y policías civiles que actúan en la región, además de clientes del servicio. Consideré también la discusión de la prostitución en el campo académico feminista y su interacción con los elementos recolectados. Al final, frente a todos estos elementos heterogéneos fue posible indicar trazos para un dispositivo de la prostitución femenina de la avenida W3 Norte, caracterizado por el intenso tráfico de vehículos, por la separación espacial de las actividades, por la cristalización de viejas representaciones sociales, morales, religiosas, médicas, jurídicas y sociales sobre la prostitución femenina, por la objetivación de las relaciones personales, discreción, practicidad y agilidad de la actividad. Además fue posible también constatar que la criminalidad asociada a la prostitución en la W3 Norte es poco significante comparada con los registros totales de ocurrencias policiales en el área, lo que demuestra cierta desproporcionalidad del rechazo social a la actividad. Con todo, también identifiqué, en razón de las características de la prostitución en este local, una grande subnotificación de eventuales conductas criminosas relacionadas a la actividad, principalmente cuando las víctimas son las propias prostitutas.
Partant du concept de dispositif, développé par Michel Foucault, je propose ici la construction d'une analyse utilisant ce concept appliqué à la prostitution féminine sur l'avenue W3 Nord, à Brasília, Distrito Federal. J'analyse par le biais du concept de représentation sociale de Serge Moscovci l'interaction constante des narratifs moraux, religieux, médicaux, juridiques et sociologiques autour de la prostitution féminine avec divers éléments liés à l'espace de l'avenue W3 Nord. J'utilise une observation flottante pour la collecte des données. J'aborde les questions architecturales et l'appropriation de l'espace par la prostitution féminine sur l'avenue W3 Nord; les taux de criminalité liés à cette activité entre 2010 et 2015, grâce à une analyse des rapports de police remplis auprès de la Police civile (ocorrências policiais, en portugais) Civil du Distrito Federal; des entretiens semi-structurés avec des prostituées, des agents de police militaires et civils qui travaillent dans cette région, ainsi que des clients desservis. De plus, j'ai aussi pris en compte la discussion de la prostitution dans le milieu académique féministe et son interaction avec les éléments collectés. Ainsi, face à tous ces éléments hétérogènes il m'est possible de brosser le tableau d'un dispositif de la prostitution féminine sur l'avenue W3 Nord, marqué par une circulation intense de véhicules, la séparation spatiale des activités, la cristallisation de vieilles représentations morales, religieuses, médicales, juridiques et sociales sur la prostitution féminine, par l'objectivation des relations personnelles, la discrétion, la praticité et la rapidité de l'activité. Par ailleurs je constate aussi que la criminalité associée à la prostitution sur la W3 Nord est peu significative quand comparée au nombre total des rapports policiers remplis dans la région. Ceci démontre une certaine disproportion du mépris social vis-à-vis l'activité en question. Cependant, j'ai pu également identifier, en raison des caractéristiques de la prostitution sur place, une importante sous-estimation d'éventuelles conduites criminelles liées à l'activité, surtout lorsque les victimes en question sont les prostituées elles-mêmes.

As part of the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) Surveys KSP, targeted observations of H II regions close to high mass star-forming regions in the Galactic plane have been conducted, as part of the telescope’s commissioning. This thesis details the calibration and analysis of one particular commissioning field, the prominent Galactic star-forming W3/W4/W5 complex and 2 supernova remnants (SNRs) HB3 and 3C 58, at unprecedented low radio frequencies ~ 30–76 MHz (§ 1). This part of the radio spectrum contains large-scale filaments, arcs, bubbles and shells which would be interesting to detail in new parameter space, both spatially and spectrally. A LOFAR calibration pipeline was developed as part of this work (§ 3) resulting in unique continuum maps ~10 deg² that detail extended diffuse emission of W3/W4/W5 at unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution at low frequencies. Our final full bandwidth image (at ~ 53.5 MHz) reaches a final resolution of between ~ 62–85" and noise level of 4.78 mJy/beam, making it the deepest image obtained in this frequency range. Spectral index maps (§ 4) made from 35.2 MHz, 54.7 MHz and 69.9 MHz continuum images give strong evidence of radio emission by thermal Bremsstrahlung with some localised regions demonstrating free-free self-absorption (§ 2), although we suspect a complete turnover of the H II regions outside of our observed range < 30 MHz. We obtain a spectral index of ɑ ~ -0.03±0.02 for 3C 58 and observe a possible plateau in the emission of HB3 near ~ 55 MHz. High spectral resolution data was also analysed for the possibility of a carbon RRL detection in absorption < 100 MHz in the direction of W3 (§ 5). An initial all-sky image was also made during the commissioning of the Chilbolton LOFAR single station (§ 3); the wide FoV gave an overview of the large-scale diffuse Galactic synchrotron emissivity with the intention of measuring the spectral index < 100 MHz. High mass star formation is an important area of research in modern astrophysics and triggers of this process along with many of the aspects of early stellar evolution including the onset of maser emission being poorly understood. Stars form out of large gas and dust clouds, detected through: (i) thermal dust continuum emission and (ii) line emission of organic molecules traced through masers. Hence, ancillary observations of W3 were made using the Onsala 20m radio viii telescope for maser source detection and a point source catalogue of ~ 1300 sources at far-IR wavelengths of predominantly cold proto-stars was made from the newest AKARI maps (§ 6). Finally, in addition to the Galactic diffuse radio emission, ~ 300 extragalactic point sources were captured in the background of the FoV with LOFAR. Their extracted fluxes were catalogued and over ~ 50 % provided a rich sample of spectral index information to constrain turnover of synchrotron < 100 MHz. We observed strong and moderate SED flattening attributed to free-free absorption processes at the source for ~ 3.2 % and ~ 19.1 % of sources respectively which is consistent with Rafferty et al. (2013).