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1
Asnudin, Andi. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEKERJA KONSTRUKSI MEMILIH SISTEM PEMBAYARAN UPAH KERJA (KASUS PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH)." Inersia: Jurnal Teknik Sipil 13, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/ijts.13.1.48-54.
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In general, there are two types of payment systems for work wages in construction work, the first is the daily wage system based on the number of working days / hours, and the second is the wholesale system based on the volume or type of work. Some information that is often heard in the construction project environment is about problems that arise as a result of the wage system for construction workers. Therefore, this study aims to determine the factors that influence the construction workers in choosing a work wage payment system. Non-parametric approachment is used in the form of descriptive analysis consisting of data reduction carried out by reading interview transcripts, questionnaires responses, and making notes according to the data. Then a summary of the data is made which provides an overview in the form of narrative text and tables. The results showed that the most workers that used the payment of work wages based on the volume of work of 58.84% and those who used working hours or of daily wages were 41.16%. Factors that influence the two payment systems are: First, based on Work Volume, are (1) Additional working hours, (2) Special jobs (Specialists, (3) Remote work locations, (4) High worker productivity, (5) Employee Competence Fulfilled, (6) Experienced more than 2 years, (7) Low risk of material damage. Second, the payment system based on Working Hours are (1) Work experience less than 2 years, (2) Weather conditions, extreme (3) Availability of materials, (4) High wages for workers, (5) Working hours less than 7 hours per day , (6) Difficult mastery of tools, (7) Low labor productivity.
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Gvetadze, R. Sh, V. G. Butova, M. V. Zuev, and A. Yu Zherebtzov. "Regulatory framework of the new wage payment system in dentistry." Stomatologiya 96, no. 5 (2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/stomat201796514-18.
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Brown, Martin, and Peter Philips. "The Decline of the Piece-Rate System in California Canning: Technological Innovation, Labor Management, and Union Pressure, 1890–1947." Business History Review 60, no. 4 (1986): 564–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3115659.
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In the following article, Professors Brown and Philips examine two questions concerning wage payment systems. First, has the prevalence of incentive systems been affected by the rise of the modern corporate enterprise? Second, what has been the effect of institutionalized unionism on the prevalence of incentive systems? Brown and Philips explore these issues through a historical case study of the decline of the piece-rate system in the California canning industry, from which they conclude that in the context of Chandlerian industrial development piece-rate systems tend to give way to more complex incentive and hourly wage-rate systems. They explore this hypothesis further through an examination of historical data on wage payment systems for American manufacturing as a whole.
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Soleha, Soleha, and Saiin Saiin. "Sistem Pengupahan Kebun Sawit dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam." AL-Muqayyad 3, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.46963/jam.v3i2.281.
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The purpose of this research was to determine the wages for oil palm plantations within the Islamic economic system. Descriptive qualitative with data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions drawing was applied in this study. The results showed that the oil palm plantation wage system in determining the sharing was in accordance with the Islamic Economics principles because plantation owners discussed the number of wages to be given in advance. Regarding the time of payment procedure, the owner of the oil palm plantation did not delay the payment, the wages are given directly to workers after they have finished their routine. The oil palm plantation wage system has fulfilled the value of justice because wages were distributed based on each type of work performed. However, the provision of wages has not met the eligibility value, because the stipulated wages have not been able to meet the living needs of the workers even though the wages paid were in accordance with the minimum wages’ regulation of Indragiri Hilir Regency.
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LAMBRECHT, THIJS. "Reciprocal exchange, credit and cash: agricultural labour markets and local economies in the southern Low Countries during the eighteenth century." Continuity and Change 18, no. 2 (August 2003): 237–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416003004624.
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This article examines the labour market for day labourers in the Southern Low Countries during the eighteenth century from the perspective of reciprocal exchange. In particular I will look at wage payment structures and their economic and social foundations. In contrast with other agricultural regions, wage payments in proto-industrialized inland Flanders were highly diversified. Large farmers and day labourers engaged in a system of reciprocal exchange of labour, goods and services in which monetary payments played only a secondary role. I find that both employers and employees had strong reasons for maintaining this exchange relationship and that they both, in their own ways, benefited from this mutual dependency.
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Kulakov, A. A., V. G. Butova, S. N. Andreeva, and I. P. Tarasova. "Regulatory framework of the new system of wage payment in research institutions." Stomatologiya 99, no. 4 (2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/stomat20209904157.
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Krueger, Malte. "The introduction of cashless wage payments and the spread of branch banking in post-war Germany." Financial History Review 24, no. 2 (August 2017): 185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565017000142.
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The period from the 1950s to the late 1970s saw an almost uniform decline of cash-to-GDP ratios in industrial countries. A closer look at the German payment system suggests that the factor causing such a change was a shift towards cashless wage payments. In this period, in Germany, the branch network of banks expanded significantly and at the end of the period almost all economically active individuals had a current account. This change was triggered by rising wages and income. Rising wages increased the burden of weekly wage payments in cash, and rising income made the average earner more attractive for banks. Moreover, regulation and deregulation, by triggering both price and non-price competition, may also have played a role. Technological change was not an independent driver. In the 1950s, the number of giro accounts per German adult was comparable to the current situation in many developing countries. Yet, I argue that the German post-war experience does not provide a blueprint for most of these countries.
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Ajslev, Jeppe Zielinski Nguyen, Roger Persson, and Lars Louis Andersen. "Associations between Wage System and Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders among Construction Workers." Pain Research and Treatment 2015 (October 28, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/513903.
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Piece rate and performance based wage systems are common in the construction industry. Construction workers are known to have an increased risk of pain and musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). In this cross-sectional questionnaire study, we examined the association between wage system and (1) physical exertion, (2) time pressure, (3) pain, and (4) fatigue. The participants comprised 456 male Danish construction workers working on one of three different wage systems: group based performance wage, individually based performance wage, and time based wage system. The statistical analyses indicated differences between the wage systems in relation to physical exertion (ηp=0.05) and time pressure (ηp=0.03) but not to pain or fatigue. Workers on group based performance wage scored higher (i.e., worse) than workers on individual performance based wage and workers with an hourly/monthly wage. In conclusion, group performance based wage was associated with higher levels of physical exertion and time pressure. Accordingly, group performance based wage can be viewed as a factor that has the potential to complicate prevention of MSD among construction workers. Since performance based wage systems are common in many countries across the world, more attention should be paid to the health effects of these types of payment.
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Naumovski, Ljupcho. "Business Law Service in the Workplace as a Career Trend or To Wage Erosion - Minimum Wage." International Journal of Law and Public Policy 3, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0301.183.
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The author, motivated and motivated by the importance of the minimum wage, tried to make the relevance of this paper based on inconsistencies in the equality of legal regulation of the minimum wage; the theoretical objectivity of the legal regulation of the minimum wage; controversial definition and meaning of minimum wage. Theme. Institution minimum wage in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Objectives. Theoretical and legal aspects of the minimum wage in CEE. The purpose of the research - Overview of CEEC in the economic field/relations regarding the current demand for the minimum wage to the workplace. Methodology. The dialectical method with the methods of formal-logical, system-structural, comparative legal and statistical analysis through the study of monographs, scientific literature, analysis of existing laws and regulations, data synthesis. The methodological basis of this work is the study of professional literary sources on this topic, their analysis and generalization so that this work will use excerpts from the above sources. Theoretical basis. The scientific basis of the research is the study of monographs, scientific articles of general theoretical and sectoral nature of scientists in the world. The empirical basis is from international legal acts, laws and other regulatory legal acts. In this situation, we mean the importance of the level of payment, but not the inadmissibility of determining a payment less than the minimum wage. However, for the minimum wage to fulfil its economic, social and legal function today, it must be set at a sufficiently appropriate level.
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Butova, Valentina Gavrilovna, A. E. Olesov, M. V. Zuev, K. V. Umarova, A. Yu Zherebtsov, and V. A. Peshkov. "THE MONITORING OF DENTAL ORGANIZATION’S MEDICAL WORKERS COMPETENCES ACCORDING TO THE NEW SYSTEM OF WAGE PAYMENTS." Russian Journal of Dentistry 21, no. 4 (August 15, 2017): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2802-2017-21-4-211-216.
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Using the method of empirical anonymous sociological research the competence of 630 dentists and health care institutions managers according to the new system of wage payments (NSWP) was studied. On the 7 questions asked, containing about 6138 possible answers from all the respondents 2253 correct answers were retrieved which represents 36,7% of all responses. Found data shows that only every third dental clinic specialist has the competence in NSWP while the majority 63, 3% are not quite oriented in the NSWP. One of the main problems of the NSWP integration is lack of understanding of basic principles and specific criteria of work quality assessment from health care institutions employees thus nullifies the potentially high impact of its introduction. Raise of the transparency of wage payment system will cause significant personnel motivation improvement in achieving qualitative and quantitative labor values that the authority has laid for the organization that are tied to the work goals of the institution itself and the health care system as a whole. Medical institution administration system should use new tools for staff competence improvement nowadays. It is necessary to provide professional communication space for colleagues on the questions of NSWP.
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Thompson, David A., Donald C. McEvers, and Charles H. Olson. "Case Study in Data Entry System Design." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 8 (September 1986): 744–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603000803.
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This is a case study of changes successfully made in the job design, workspace layout, and wage payment plan for a very large mail remittance processing facility. The changes were necessitated by excessive musculoskeletal injury and disability claims history, by low morale, and by low production. In addition to the other work changes, programmed exercise breaks for all employees were introduced. Measures of the economic impact of ergonomic changes were made.
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Hasan, Mohammad Ashraful. "Minimum Wage in Readymade Garments Industry in Bangladesh." American Journal of Trade and Policy 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v6i2.348.
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Manufacturing Ready-Made Garment (RMG) is labour intensive and low wage based industry. Nowhere, this industry was static or permanent basically on account of wage. As soon as any country became developed, the apparel and textile industry left that country. RMG is highly focused on the relocation of production. The relocation take place from high wage regions to low cost production regions just like water flows down-stream always. This single sector is dominating Bangladesh economy Since ‘80s. In Bangladesh different sectors have different wage levels according to the nature of job. The Minimum Wages Board recommended or re-recommended minimum wages of the 42 industrial sectors. The minimum wage of this very sector is lower than other sectors within the country and among the RMG manufacturing countries as well. On the contrary, within the country, for the same sector – RMG, there are dissimilarity in the minimum wage. Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority (BEPZA) declares the same for the industries inside Export Processing Zones (EPZ) which is higher than the declaration by Minimum Wage Board for outside EPZ factories. Minimum wage board has classified the non-EPZ workforces into seven grades according to their skills with seven different wage levels. Contrary, EPZs workers are divided into five categories. BEPZA has fixed higher wages and benefits compere to non-EPZ factories. Moreover, the study finds that the grading system has many loopholes which is not based on well thought and planned. There are so many posts and positions required to run an RMG factory that are not mentioned in the gazette. There is no guideline on how to measure workers’ competency for a particular grade and for how long a worker will be retained in the same grade. These loopholes are helping the employers to manipulate in determining workers’ grade. Minimum wage structure is applicable for whose positions mentioned in the gazette and entitled to all types of benefits mentioned in the law including overtime (OT) payment at double rate of wage. To avoid extra overtime payment factory management promotes or changes the designations like executive, supervisor etc. who are getting comparatively higher wage to keep them away from OT benefits. All those anomalies need to be addressed for properly.
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Alim, M. Sahirul, and Sri Herianingrum. "SISTEM PENGUPAHAN OUTSOURCING DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM (STUDI KASUS PADA PT. MAHAKAM KENCANA INTAN PADI SURABAYA)." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 5, no. 6 (June 18, 2019): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol5iss20186pp501-512.
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This study aims to analyze the implementation of wage system outsourcing in PT Mahakam Kencana Intan Padi Surabaya in Islamic Perspective. Methods of research for this study used a qualitative approach with case study methods and descriptive analyzes were conducted information about wage system outsourcing in PT Mahakam Kencana Intan Padi Surabaya in depth, observed and validated data by triangulation. The results showed that implementation of oursourcing labor remuneration at PT Mahakam Kencana Intan Padi Surabaya in Islamic Perspective according based Al-Quran and Al-Hadith. The indicators used by the terms of feasibility of minimum wages and equity among workers. Insights justice in Islamic perspective is described comparative labor positions corresponding salaries earned. Payment of salaries in PT Mahakam Kencana Intan Padi accordance timelines. PT Mahakam Kencana Intan Padi is not sharia company but the results of the research conclusion is the wage system in PT Mahakam Kencana Intan Padi according Islamic perspective.
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Eraslan, Ergün, and Kumru Didem Atalay. "A New Approach for Wage Management System Using Fuzzy Brackets in Industry." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/207032.
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Job evaluation is used to determine the relative importance of each job in a company in order to structure an accurate wage management system. Job evaluation can be also defined as a multicriteria decision-making problem. However, according to the diversity of managers’ assessment, the evaluation processes are often resulting in pay inequity. This outcome can be circumvented by utilizing a fuzzy job evaluation system. In this study, one of the more robust multicriteria decision-making methods, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), is performed in job evaluation system in order to rank predetermined 13 criteria. The fuzzy wage brackets are developed and inserted into the process which is obtained from the results of mathematical model to designate the bounds for predefined 86 jobs. Eventually an accurate payment system is proposed for a company in steel industry by using Fuzzy Regression Analysis (FRA).
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Collignon, Stefan. "Macroeconomic imbalances and competitiveness in the euro area." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 19, no. 1 (January 21, 2013): 63–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258912469467.
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This article challenges the new revisionist consensus, whereby current account imbalances have caused the euro crisis. In a monetary union, current accounts are not useful indicators for macroeconomic imbalances, because a currency area is not a fixed exchange rate system. It is a payment union and it is therefore more appropriate to analyse the flow of funds and payments between sectors and Member States. Applying the analysis, it turns out that excessive lending in the north has financed the borrowing in the south, thereby contributing to unequal development in the euro area. To remedy this situation, incentives for competitive investment need to be adjusted. The article describes an innovative approach for determining equilibrium unit labour costs as a benchmark for stable and fair wage setting. It then discusses policy implications and recommends better wage coordination between European trade unions.
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Захаров, Д., and D. Zaharov. "Features of Formation of the Payment System in the Banking Sector During the Financial Crisis." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 8, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d7b905c5e3a46.79902845.
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This article discusses the features of the formation of the wage system during the fi nancial crisis using the example of the banking sector. One of the key recommendations of the international organization — the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision — has been toughening the rules for paying remuneration, in particular bonuses to top managers. It is described that, in accordance with the directive, the variable part of the remuneration should not exceed the annual amount of the fi xed remuneration, while 50% of the premium should be issued in shares or shares or should be adjusted by a formula depending on the change in their value. In addition, payments from 40% to 60% of the premium should be delayed for a period of three to fi ve years. In addition, the article systematizes the statutory provisions of the wage system of organizations in the banking sector of Russia.
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Kim, Myung-Su, and Keun-Ju Kim. "The Study on the Guarantee of Payment of Wage Claims - focused on the comparison with the Subrogated Payment System between Korea and Japan-." Institute for Legal Studies 35, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 159–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18018/hylr.2018.35.1.159.
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Shirokova, L. N., V. A. Skovpen’, and V. P. Starokozheva. "REFLECTION OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN GENERAL AND INDUSTRY AGREEMENTS." Social & labor researches 41, no. 4 (2020): 94–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.34022/2658-3712-2020-41-4-94-110.
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Sectoral agreements are an important link in the system of social partnership, since the stipulated obligations of the parties increase the responsibility of employers for the employee health, decent wages and their timely indexing, as well as assistance to working women with children, support for workers to purchase housing, employment of youth, etc. others. The aim of the article is to analyze the content of the General and sectoral agreements in force as of 2020, in connection with the included national goals defined in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 21, 2020 No. 474 and characterizing their achievement of target indicators. The authors studied the practice of setting the minimum wage in industry agreements. They revealed that guarantees for minimum wage are applied in 43 sectoral agreements out of 61. The majority of sectoral agreements do not consider the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation about excluding individual compensation payments in the minimum wage. Also, less than half of the sectoral agreements include the guarantee for the tariff part of wages: it was only in 24 out of 61 sectoral agreements, while in 17 of them it was at the level of 60-70%. Due to the fact that in Article 134 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the subject to indexation is not specified - the wage fund, wages or the tariff part of it - industry agreements present different options for indexing wages at rates higher than inflation. The authors analyzed sectoral agreements on the application of compensation and incentive payments, measures to improve the housing conditions of workers (payment of compensation, provision of loans / loans on favorable terms), as well as assistance to young workers (up to 35 years old) to purchase housing and set up a household. The paper considers solving these issues in the sectoral agreements of Germany and France. The conclusion is that the sectoral agreements provide for a significant list of guarantees that contribute to the implementation of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030".
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Petrick, Martin. "Incentive provision to farm workers in post-socialist settings: evidence from East Germany and North Kazakhstan." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 20, no. 2 (March 8, 2017): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2016.0020.
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This article explores the current practice of motivating agricultural workers in post-socialist settings. In addition, it attempts to evaluate the different wage systems observed in reality and better understand under which conditions they are reformed. It does so by contrasting the experience of two extreme cases representing fast and slow reform advance, East Germany and North Kazakhstan. The primary data for the analysis comes from cross-sectional farm surveys conducted by various researchers in both countries. East German farmers quickly replaced the inherited Soviet-style piece rate payment system by simple time rate schemes, augmented by wage premia for certain performance parameters, especially in livestock. To the contrary, the piece rate approach persists in many farms in North Kazakhstan. Moreover, the latter rarely use non-wage incentives to motivate their workers. In Kazakhstan, farms using either mixed systems or pure piece rates were more productive than the reference group using pure time rates. Labour cost per worker were lowest for pure time rate systems in both countries, followed by mixed bonus systems, whereas pure piece rate systems implied the highest cost in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstani managers tend to move away from the Soviet piece rate system if external investors become engaged in farming operations.
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Ponomarenko, M. V., and A. R. Baycherova. "The features and importance of pay for performance introduction into the business practice of organizational management." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 81, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2019-4-211-217.
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Compensation systems for work, such as individual payment schemes for the results, are an important approach to harmonizing the interests of the employer and employee within the organization. However, the prevalence of payment by results in Russian practice remains quite low, despite successful implementation examples. The analysis of a number of factors that may contribute to or hinder the implementation of payment according to the results, including under Russian conditions. Among these factors, both external and internal are noted, although the authors emphasize the more pronounced influence of the latter. The authors argue that the application of payment by results only to certain groups of company employees: managers, specialists, knowledge workers - rarely seems really justified by the real limitations. Among external influencing factors, the authors pay special attention to the level and characteristics of labor market regulation. The main ones among internal ones include the level of need for changes in the wage system, the degree of readiness for changes in the company as a whole and its individual subsystems, the qualifications of employees, especially managers, as well as the established corporate culture. As a result, certain conclusions were drawn about the possibilities, features and prospects of introducing payment according to the results both in general and in the context of Russian business practice. Nevertheless, it is indicated that a simple borrowing of foreign practices and methods of introducing payment according to the results in Russian conditions cannot bring complete and positive results due to differences in macroeconomic and social conditions.
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Mualif, Muhammad, Meina Wulansari Yusniar, and Dian Masita Dewi. "PENERAPAN PERMENAKER NO 15 TAHUN 2005 DALAM PENGHEMATAN BIAYA PADA PERUSAHAAN PT ABC." JWM (Jurnal Wawasan Manajemen) 6, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jwm.v6i1.156.
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<em>PT ABC implemented a policy regarding the basic changes of calculation of overtime wages for non-staff employees according to the memo published by the company concerning the implementation of overtime wage calculation system based on the regulation of the Permenaker no 15 year 2005. This research is conducted to determine whether the implementation of Permenaker no 15 year 2005 at PT ABC as the basic calculation of overtime wages for non staff employees makes PT ABC more efficient or not. This research is a descriptive quantitatif. The research variables are salary and overtime payment. The population of this research is non staff employees as many as 2.615 people. The data used is secondary data. The result of this research showed that implementation of Permenaker no 15 year 2005 makes PT ABC save the cost 20% in the payroll period of September 2013 compared to before it was implemented.</em>
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Shebanina, Olena, Alyona Klyuchnik, Alla Burkovska, Donatello Caruso, and Anna Burkovska. "PROVIDING LABOR INCOME AS A SUPPORTING FACTOR OF THE FOOD SECURITY." Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development 40, no. 4 (December 21, 2018): 599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/mts.2018.52.
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The lack of comprehensive provision of a sufficient level of economic affordability of food in conditions of social instability and low level of solvency of the population of Ukraine constitutes a threat to the food security of the state. The purpose of the article is to formulate the relationship between the economic affordability of food and the average monthly wage in the country, as well as arrears in its payment. The methodic of work is based on the usage of a correlation-regression analysis of the statistical information that reflects the structure of total household income in Ukraine, which made it possible to calculate the degree of influence of factors of the correlation model on the availability of food for the population. The results of the study indicate a significant stratification of the population in terms of purchasing power. The degree of dependence between the economic availability of food and the average monthly salary in the country, as well as the amount of arrears in its payment, which confirms the need for the government to create a sustainable system of social standards for the population, providing an adequate level of purchasing power, is established.
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Yu, Wenguang, Bing Li, and Xianghan Zhu. "Income Redistribution Effect of Raising the Overall Planning Level of Basic Endowment Insurance for Urban Employees in China." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020709.
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It is the focus of social security system reform at this stage in China to promote the transition of basic endowment insurance for urban employees from provincial overall planning level to national overall planning level, which is of great significance to the realization of fair and efficient of economic development. Based on the micro data of China Household Finance Survey 2017 (CHFS2017), this paper first establishes a personal wage prediction model to estimate the distribution of personal lifetime wage income, then designs two pension collection and payment plans of “direct national overall planning” and “indirect national overall planning”, and establishes an actuarial model of pension to calculate the present value of personal lifetime contribution, lifetime claim and lifetime real wage income after pension adjustment under different overall planning levels. Finally, the income gap index and net benefit rate index are used to measure the change of the whole income gap and the transfer of pension benefits. The results show that on the whole, the basic endowment insurance for urban employees does have a significant income redistribution effect, and its income adjustment effect is positively related to the overall planning level and intensity of the system. Under the current provincial overall planning level, the income redistribution effects of the system are as follows: the high-income group transfers to the low-income group, the young generation to the elderly generation, the female insured person to the male insured person, and the non-state-owned economic unit to the state-owned economic unit. With the improvement of the overall planning level and strengthening of intensity, there are differences in the changes of benefits among different groups.
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Sarkar, Aditya. "The Tie That Snapped: Bubonic Plague and Mill Labour in Bombay, 1896–1898." International Review of Social History 59, no. 2 (June 9, 2014): 181–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859014000157.
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AbstractIn September 1896, the city of Bombay witnessed the beginning of a long-drawn-out epidemic crisis, with the outbreak of bubonic plague. This article investigates one particular dimension of this crisis – its effects upon the city's cotton textile mills, and its profound, though temporary, alteration of the relations between employers and workers. It argues that the structure of industrial relations in the textile mills in the second half of the nineteenth century rested upon the retention of wage arrears by mill managements, which forced workers into permanent debt, and bound them to the mill and their employers. The demographic and industrial crisis ushered in during the plague years, the article shows, cracked open this structure of industrial control, and workers were able to sustain a new, fleeting system of industrial “regulation from below”, based on the daily payment of wages. Through a study of the tensions in textile mills in 1897, situated within the broader context of a crisis of urban labour relations, the article shows the ways in which industrial relations were both deconstructed and reconstituted in a new form.
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Taksa, Lucy. "Scientific Management: Technique or Cultural Ideology?" Journal of Industrial Relations 34, no. 3 (September 1992): 365–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569203400301.
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Interpretations of scientific management usually conflate the entire system with its technical features, particularly as these relate to the economic determinism of incentive wage payment schemes or deskilling. This has served to limit consideration of Taylor's strategies for social integration and/or cultural control. In this context it has been relatively easy for theorists to present scientific management as an outmoded form of technical control, which lacks current relevance. The following paper is intended to rescue Taylor's 'philosophy' from obscurity in order to show that its long-term significance has been far greater than that of its various methods. It will be argued that a re-evaluation of this philosophy provides insight into the ideological trajectory of the strategies associated with the advocacy of cultural change in organizations and human resource management.
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Zaozerskiy, Daniil S. "The Wage System of the Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen Trapping Artels in the 19th – Beginning of the 20th century." Economic History 16, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.050.016.202003.286-296.
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Introduction. The Arkhangelsk North natural and climatic conditions promoted to develop shipbuilding, fishing, hunting and other activities, for which artels were organizing. The Pomors also united in artels for profitable trapping on Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen in the 19th – beginning of the 20th century. The usage of the artel principles of labour organization can be explained by the difficult circumstances of the hunting activities. It was impossible to work by oneself or by a small group of 2–7 trappers. The studying of the Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen trapping artels is necessary for further understanding of the process of the Arctic exploration by Russia in the 19th – beginning of the 20th century. The purpose of the article is to study the wage system of the Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen trapping artels in the 19th – beginning of the 20th century. Materials and Methods. The materials for this article were archive sources of the Arkhangelsk oblast State archive, published sources on the Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen artels and articles in the local periodicals. The historical-systematic and historical-genetic methods were used in the article. Results. During the 19th – beginning of the 20th century the principle when trappers united in artels continued to exist. The main form of the payment was to divide the catch into shares. Discussion and Conclusions. The main difference between artel trapping of people from the Arkhangelsk province districts consisted in terms of sailing to the archipelagoes and the beginning of the hunt. The decrease of number of trappers in artels determined by economic opportunities of the sponsors (the masters). Also, it was determined by decrease of the number of industry animals. Both unfixed (by shares) and fixed wage systems existed in the Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen artels. The quantity of shares exceeded the number of artel members. The master defined value of share before the beginning of the hunt. Also, he provided necessary provision and weapons for artel members with both unfixed and fixed wages. The most common way of sharing of catch meant that the master had been earning two thirds of it and the trappers had been earning the rest one third. This way of sharing was used before the beginning of the 20th century.
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Johnson, Howard. "“A Modified Form of Slavery”: The Credit and Truck Systems in the Bahamas in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries." Comparative Studies in Society and History 28, no. 4 (October 1986): 729–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500014201.
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In historical writing on the British West Indies, discussion of the transition from slavery to other forms of labour control after emancipation has been largely confined to the plantation colonies. It is usually argued that planters were most successful in controlling former slaves in colonies where they were able to limit the freedman's access to land and thus create a dependent wage-earning proletariat. Such an analysis cannot, however, be readily applied to the Bahamas, where the plantation system based on cotton production had collapsed before emancipation and where the sea provided an important source of subsistence and employment. This article examines the control mechanisms which enabled a white mercantile minority to consolidate its position as a ruling elite in the postemancipation period. Rather than a monopoly of land, the important elements in this elite's economic and social control were a monopoly of the credit available to the majority of the population and the operation of a system of payment in truck. The credit and truck systems frequently left the lower classes in debt and, as a governor of the colony in the late nineteenth century remarked, in a position of “practical slavery. ”
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Zhou, Jiong, and Xiaojun Ma. "Cost-benefit analysis of craniocerebral surgical site infection control in tertiary hospitals in China." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 9, no. 02 (February 19, 2015): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.4482.
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Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common postoperative complications. This study aimed to determine the cost of SSIs and to evaluate whether SSI control can reduce medical costs under the current medical payment system and wage rates in China. Methodology: Prospective surveillance of craniocerebral surgery was conducted between July 2009 and June 2012. SSI patients and non-SSI patients were matched with a ratio of 1:2. Terms such as medical costs and length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Based on the economic loss of hospital infection, which causes additional expenditures and a reduction in the number of patients treated, the benefits of hospital infection control were estimated. The costs of human resources and materials of hospital infection surveillance and control were also estimated. Finally, the cost-benefit rates in different medical contexts and with different SSI-case ratios were calculated. Results: The incidence of SSIs in this study was 4%. SSIs significantly prolonged hospital stay by 11.75 days (95% CI: 6.24–22.52), increased medical costs by US $3,412.48 (95% CI: $1,680.65–$5,879.89). The direct economic loss was $114,903 in a 40-bed ward. The cost of implementing infection control in such a unit was calculated to be approximately $5,555.47 Conclusions: Under the current fee-for-service healthcare model in China, the control of SSIs can hardly yield direct economic benefits, but can yield social benefits. With the implementation of a total medical cost pre-payment system, SSI control will present a remarkable benefit-cost ratio for hospitals.
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Kosyak, A. "ORGANIZATION AND REGISTRATION-ANALYTICAL PROVIDING OF CALCULATIONS FROM SALARY IN SYSTEM MANAGEMENT BY COMMUNAL ENTERPRISES." Series: Economic scienceue/view/124 2, no. 155 (April 3, 2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-2-155-41-47.
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The problem of the use of labour resources and remuneration of labour is actual enough for today. The ques-tion of economic essence and value of "salary" and "remuneration of labour" is investigational in the article, the legislative adjusting and normatively-legal providing is considered in Ukraine of remuneration of labour, registration-analytical providing of calculations with workers from a salary in control system of communal enterprises, organization of account of calculations is investigational from a salary, forms and systems of remuneration of labour are reasonable, directions of improvement offer. On results undertaken a study it is set that a salary is a money term of cost and cost of commodity, she serves as payment of services of labour of workers, represents socio-economic position in a national economy and stand-ard of living in society. Theoretical and practical consideration of questions about calculations from the remuneration of labour has an actual value, as a remuneration of labour is the important enough link of the system of sociallabour relations and most thorny in a decision socio-economic problem. The questions of salary are regulated by the wide enough circle of legislative and normative documents, that every workplace of accountant, accountable for a certain area account of calculations must be provided from a salary. The major constituents of organization of remuneration of labour are setting of norms of labour, tariff setting of norms of salary, development of forms and systems of remuneration of labour. Order of extra charge and payment of salary on communal enterprises envisaged by the Collective agreement and Statutes about the remuneration of labour. A salary depends on complication and terms of implementation of work, quality of her implementation workers, results of financially-economic activity of communal enterprises and select leaders (by proprietors) principles of the system of material stimulation of workers. For the increase of wage level in Ukraine, to our opinion, it is necessary: to decrease the shadow sector of na-tional economy, decrease the rate of inflation, increase production (works, services) volumes, increase prices on labour force, to perfect a legislatively-normative base in Ukraine. Keywords: a salary, remuneration of labour, organization of account, record-keeping, forms and systems of remuneration of labour, fund of remuneration of labour, is registration-analytical providing, communal enterprise
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Duda, Jiří. "Requirements of University Students of Agricultural Focus on Employee Benefits." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 2 (2018): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866020479.
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The aim of the paper is to identify the employee benefits that university students of agricultural field of study prefer and expect in the future employer’s offer. The goal is also to identify potential gender influences on the students’ preferences of the employee benefits. The survey was conducted in the years 1998–2015, with a total participation of 1,633 students. Based on an offer of potential employee benefits and personal preferences, students have identified the benefits that employers should offer to their employees. The most frequently required benefits include: Meal tickets; on-site parking; additional salary (extra wage); use of company car for private purposes; payment for language courses; extra week of holiday; contribution to pension insurance. At present, there also grows the popularity of the “flexible working hours” benefit. For the most preferred benefits, the influence of the student’s gender on the employee benefit preference was not identified. One of the recommendations for prospective employers is also the use of a flexible employee benefits system – cafeteria system.
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Elissen, Arianne Mathilda Josephus, Gertjan Sebastiaan Verhoeven, Maud Hortense de Korte, Anne Odilia Emile van den Bulck, Silke Friederike Metzelthin, Lieuwe Christiaan van der Weij, Jaap Stam, Dirk Ruwaard, and Misja Chiljon Mikkers. "Development of a casemix classification to predict costs of home care in the Netherlands: a study protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 2 (February 2020): e035683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035683.
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IntroductionCompared with fee-for-service systems, prospective payment based on casemix classification is thought to promote more efficient, needs-based care provision. We aim to develop a casemix classification to predict the costs of home care in the Netherlands.Methods and analysisThe research is designed as a multicentre, cross-sectional cohort study using quantitative methods to identify the relative cost predictors of home care and combine these into a casemix classification, based on individual episodes of care. The dependent variable in the analyses is the cost of home care utilisation, which is operationalised through various measures of formal and informal care, weighted by the relative wage rates of staff categories. As independent variables, we will use data from a recently developed Casemix Short-Form questionnaire, combined with client information from participating home care providers’ (nursing) classification systems and data on demographics and care category (ie, a classification mandated by health insurers). Cost predictors are identified using random forest variable importance measures, and then used to build regression tree models. The casemix classification will consist of the leaves of the (pruned) regression tree. Internal validation is addressed by using cross-validation at various stages of the modelling pathways. The Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis statement was used to prepare this study protocol.Ethics and disseminationThe study was classified by an accredited Medical Research Ethics Committee as not subject to the Dutch Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act. Findings are expected in 2020 and will serve as input for the development of a new payment system for home care in the Netherlands, to be implemented at the discretion of the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports. The results will also be published in peer-reviewed publications and policy briefs, and presented at (inter)national conferences.
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Araújo, José Klerton Luz, Leandro Marques da Silva, Camila Alencar Santos, Izabelle da Silva Oliveira, Gabriela Medrado Fialho, and Auro del Giglio. "Assessment of costs related to cancer treatment." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 66, no. 10 (October 2020): 1423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.10.1423.
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SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Cancer patients and their caregivers incur costs not covered by the Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS(Unified Health System) during their treatment, with expenses related to transportation, symptomatic medications, food, loss of working days, and others. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the costs incurred and not covered for cancer patients and their caregivers during cancer treatment at SUS. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 110 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and 88 caregivers in the last month prior to their inclusion in the study. We correlated costs with clinical and sociodemographic variables such as gender, race, age, marital status, education, occupation, place of birth, origin, monthly income, family income, housing, comorbidities, types of cancer, and staging. RESULTS: We observed that the average cost for study patients was R$ 747.92, which corresponds to 78.4% of the minimum wage, and the average cost for caregivers was R$ 118.86, which is 12.46% of the minimum wage. Among all variables analyzed, the average overall monthly cost for patients was positively correlated with the occupation (p = 0.021) and origin (p = 0.038) variables. For the other variables, no significant associations were detected. CONCLUSION: The positive correlation found between occupation and origin variables with costs incurred and not covered for patients suggests that the creation of programs that enable the payment of costs not covered by SUS and the decentralization of access to cancer treatment could potentially facilitate patients' adherence to cancer treatment.
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Diakovych, Lina. "Problematic aspects of the regulatory and legislative framework for calculating pensions in Ukraine." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 2(92) (March 3, 2019): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2019.02.071.
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Introduction. In order to further move towards the European Economic Area, Ukraine needs to take pension reform measures. Pension provision in Ukraine has to be profoundly reformed in terms of regulatory and legislative framework for calculating pensions in Ukraine. What is of particular importance is improving Ukraine’s laws and methods for calculation and pension payments to citizens. Another important focus of the reform agenda is to define categories of people eligible for old-age pensions, disability pensions, and long- service pensions. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to interpret the regulatory and legislative framework for calculating pensions in Ukraine; to describe changes in pension payments before and after the reform was implemented; to highlight ways of improving pension payments in terms of regulations and legislation. Methods. The research methods used in the article include: analysis; comparison; historical method to consider the legislative framework for calculating pensions at different periods of time. Results. The regulatory and legal framework for calculating pensions in Ukraine is a complex system comprising the Constitution of Ukraine, the Laws of Ukraine, the Labour Code of Ukraine, decrees, Presidential decrees, International agreements and laws of the USSR. Some of these regulations and legislation need to be revised and amended in order to bring them in line with contemporary practices and modern standards. It is claimed that since 2017, Ukraine’s government has been implementing the pension reform aimed at relieving the pressure on the working-age population and improving living standards for retired people. In particular, the retirement age has been raised, eligibility criteria for preferential pensions have been revised, and methods for calculating pensions have been changed. The Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine argues that the new pension reform is expected to enhance social, labour and post-retirement relations, to increase tax revenues through reporting real salaries, to develop a framework of social justice when calculating pensions. The author points out that the regulatory and legislative framework for calculating pensions is outdated at this stage and it requires changes. The considered changes are as follows: the establishment of a working group for entitlement of preferential pensions; the introduction of wage differentials by industries and occupations; the increase of pensions in line with inflation and age; the implementation of notional defined contribution pension system; the introduction of the new Labour Code and Pension Code, which are expected to regulate labour and post-retirement relations and meet modern standards. It is also indicated that continued employment should be enforced by legislation and a system of granting advantages and social security benefits to those who retire later needs to be developed. In terms of legislation, sufficient regard should be given to non-state pension schemes, defined contribution pension systems, and the principle of fairness when it comes to pension entitlements. It is also crucial to adjust pension amounts and retirement age to align with the sustainability ratio and the average life expectancy. Discussion. Further research of regulatory and legal framework for calculating pensions in Ukraine should be focused on the development of the Pension Code and improvement of the existing laws relative to pension calculation and payment. The author also suggests differentiating minimum wages by industries and regions and countering the illicit labour market and campaigning against payments ‘in envelope’, because official wages are the basis for calculating pensions.
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Png, I. P. L., and Charmaine H. Y. Tan. "Cost of Cash: Evidence from Cashiers." Service Science 13, no. 2 (June 2021): 88–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/serv.2021.0272.
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An important but overlooked cost of payments in retailing is the cost on checkout cashiers. This paper examines the compensating wage differential that cashiers require to handle payments in cash. First, a multicountry panel data study shows that cashier wages increase with retail cash usage, which is consistent with cashiers requiring compensation to handle cash. Second, in a discrete choice experiment where supermarket cashiers chose between collecting card and cash payments, eight of 10 cashiers preferred card to cash. Among those who preferred card, the median cashier required a wage premium of S$37.50 (US$27) a month to handle cash. The premium was lower among cashiers who are local, less risk averse, and younger. Third, in a laboratory study, subjects traded off earnings against stress. With higher frequency of cash payments, high earners experienced greater physiological stress than low earners. Earnings also increased with abilities in arithmetic and coping with stress. Collectively, these studies show that cashiers require higher wages to handle cash payments, in part due to higher stress. We offer policy, managerial, and research implications for job design, payment systems, and workplace stress.
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Komatsu, Tsunehiko, Yuko Nishide Kimura, Yuji Takaba, Kensuke Okubo, Tomotaka Ishii, Koichiro Yuji, and Masahiko Nakagawa. "Development Of a New Regimen Function For Cancer Chemotherapy With a Computerized Physician Order Entry System Aimed At Reducing The Burden On Doctors In Japan." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 5578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.5578.5578.
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Abstract Background Physician overwork has long been a problem in Japanese society. Mean weekly working durations are reportedly 70.6 hours. The working hours of hematologists are estimated to be especially long. In addition, there is no payment system for specialist medical care in Japan and there is no difference in payments for treatment between specialists and general physicians. The average hourly wage is $30 for both specialists and general physicians in Japan, while the respective values are $100 and $70 in the United States. Given this situation, we advocate that working hours of Japanese hematologists be reduced by improving their work efficiency. One of the problems lies in dose calculations for anticancer drugs. With the conventional ordering system, the method of rounding the dose fractions varies among physicians and there is a potential risk of incorrect administration. We developed an anticancer drug administration system designed to reduce hematologists’ workloads and improve the appropriateness of anticancer drug dosing. We then examined its efficacy. Methods EGMAIN-GX (Fujitsu Ltd., Japan) version 2 is an electronic medical record system incorporating an ordering function. We developed a drug administration system named Regimen version 4 in order to update the EGMAIN-GX version 2 ordering system. The new system allows dose calculation with a rounding function in which the dose is automatically rounded off to the nearest whole number. Seven hematologists were asked to order five regimens (IDR/araC, Flu/ivBU, R-CHOP, hyper-CVAD, R-ESAHP）for a patient (165 cm in height and weighing 52 kg) using the new and old systems. Times required for ordering and prescribed doses of anticancer drugs were compared between the two systems. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t test. Results The mean time and standard deviation (seconds) for ordering are shown in Table 1. The time was significantly reduced with version 4 as compared to version 2, except for R-CHOP. The cumulative time was reduced by 54% with version 4. As to the prescribed doses of anticancer drugs, significant differences between the two systems were found in busulfan (42.0 mg vs. 40.7 mg, p < 0.0001; figures rounded off to the nearest whole number in the present system, i.e., 42.0 mg) and rituximab (529 mg vs. 583 mg, p= 0.002; figures rounded down to the nearest 100 in the present system, i.e., 500 mg). Conclusions The new drug administration system significantly reduced the time required for ordering and facilitated appropriate anticancer drug dosing. These results show that the new drug administration system can reduce hematologists’ workloads and also reduce the risk of incorrect administration of anticancer drugs. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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IVASHCHENKO, Anna. "Designing the organizational process of managing logistic events in restaurant business." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 11/1 (November 21, 2019): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2019.11(1).5.
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The block diagram of logistic system intercommunication in hotel business restaurant business is elaborated. The local modeling of operation processes of goods purchase taking into account the limits of financial resources is made. The sales point of goods is determined. At the present stage of the development of the economy of services in the world and Ukraine, the need to optimize the hotel and restaurant product is urgent. The application of logistic management principles can be significantly beneficial in the tourism and recreation industry thanks to the accumulated experience in the creation, implementation, monitoring and control of supply chains. In the case of the formation of a supply chain in the tourism industry, especially important skills, advanced and professional knowledge in the transport system of cargo and passengers, knowledge in information and financial logistics. The problems of logistics management point to the need for a systematic approach to the management of each tourist enterprise. Thus, an expedient direction to improve logistics management is to provide mechanisms for the intensive development of regional tourism on the basis of a systematic approach to management through the cooperation of tourist enterprises, as well as the introduction of a unified information system with a new data bank, first of all, on the features of regional tourist products. The results of logistic and marketing analysis indicate the expediency of reforming the organizational structure of management of tourism enterprises through the creation of logistics departments. The article describes the basic principles of stimulation of labor at enterprises of the tourism industry. The systems of payment and stimulation of work of employees at the enterprise are described. Differences in wage systems are investigated. The main factors of satisfaction with the work of the tourism industry are revealed. Recommendations for optimizing the incentive system are given A significant number of tourist enterprises, we were invited to improve the existing organizational structure. Thus, we can conclude that in most domestic hotel and restaurant enterprises, logistic control systems, as such, are practically absent.
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А.С., Луценко. "Моделювання ефективного фіскального регулювання економіки України в умовах євроінтеграції." Economics and Management, no. 86(1) (February 28, 2020): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36919/2312-7812.1.2020.45.
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The experience of fiscal regulation in the countries of the Visegrad Group (Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia), which are relatively new members of the European Union, have carried out quite large-scale consolidation of budgets under the influence of supranational fiscal regulation of the European Union. Specific features of fiscal regulation in the Visegrad Group countries and Ukraine have been identified, namely: low level of social security (compared to EU Member States with developed economies); lower level of budget expenditures to GDP of countries (compared to EU Member States with developed economies); more developed indirect taxation than developed countries. The toolkit of consolidation of budgets in the countries of the European Union is specified: measures of increase of budget revenues (increase of tax rates, expansion of the tax base, refusal of privileges and others); measures to reduce budget expenditures (reduction of public sector consumption through wage cuts and others); measures aimed at changing the pension regime (increasing the retirement age, reducing the payment of pensions); measures aimed at reforming social transfers (reduction of payments, abolition of benefits and bonuses). It is found that two approaches are usually used to determine the budgetary consolidation period of the Visegrad Group countries: a quantitative one that operates on a set of indicators that characterize the volume of fiscal impulse; narrative that relies on monitoring regulatory documents. It was determined that one of the main tools for increasing the budget revenues of the Visegrad Group countries was social payments, which are the most stable sources, which are almost independent of macroeconomic dynamics. This was the reason for the nationalization of the pension system in Hungary and Poland. The mechanism of effective fiscal regulation of the Ukrainian economy is proposed. It is argued that the objects of this mechanism of effective fiscal regulation of the economy of Ukraine are the budgetary and tax systems, and the subjects - the state, represented by bodies and services that apply the methods and instruments of fiscal regulation. The main tasks of this mechanism of effective fiscal regulation of the Ukrainian economy are outlined: balancing of budget indicators; assistance in reducing public debt; optimization of tax burden; control over the impact on GDP growth. The principles of effective fiscal regulation of the Ukrainian economy are highlighted: scientific validity; systematic; legislative regulation; continuity; efficiency; reconciliation of interests; adaptation; complexity.
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Philip Adekanmbi, Foluso, and Wilfred Ukpere. "Influence of minimum wage and prompt salary payment on teachers’ effectiveness in public secondary schools." Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, no. 1 (February 4, 2021): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(1).2021.10.
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Obviously that less motivated teachers are less productive and less disposed to perform their best, despite their acquired teaching experiences in secondary schools. Drawing on equity theory, valence expectancy theory, and the two-factor theory, this paper examines the influence of minimum wage and prompt salary payment on teacher effectiveness in public secondary schools. The study’s sample was drawn from 20 selected public secondary schools in Ibadan North local government area of Oyo State, Nigeria. This study adopts a quantitative research approach. The questionnaires were randomly distributed. Out of 200 questionnaires, 149 questionnaires were effective for analysis after analyzing the data with SPSS version 25. This study revealed that minimum wage, prompt salary payment, and demographic variables have significant independent and joint influence on teachers’ effectiveness in public secondary schools. It was proved that several teachers are dissatisfied with minimum wage payments and that prompt salary payment influences teachers’ effectiveness. Therefore, the study recommended that the state government should review the current minimum wage, making it more attractive to motivate teachers, thereby directly enhancing teachers’ effectiveness. The focus should also be on achieving prompt salary payment through consistent and effective salary scheme management, promoting teachers’ effectiveness. AcknowledgmentThe current author acknowledges the Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, under Professor Wilfred Ukpere, in funding the current study and its publication.
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Bhaduri, Madhuchandra. "Impact of Demonetization on Small Businesses in Indian Economy - An Empirical Study on Small Businesses at Cooch Behar District, West Bengal." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 10, no. 3 (March 14, 2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v10.n3.p2.
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<p>November 8<sup>th</sup>, 2016 was a path breaking day in Indian economy when Govt. of India has demonetized the high value currency notes and replaced with new notes of Rs.500 and Rs.2000. This move Govt. was taken to clean the black money from the market, to inspire digital economy and to reduce the ‘Cash’ payment culture of some people for tax evasion. The overnight decision changed the life of many people in India. Thousands of people they waited in long queues in front of Banks, ATMs for money. Entire social life of people throughout the country got distracted. Many poor daily wage workers were left with no job and income as owners were unable to pay their daily wage because of less cash, around 15 lakh jobs have been obsolete during this one year.</p><p> Despite Govt. of India has taken a bold step to make India corruption free and inspire the people in cashless transaction but after one year can we say India is really corruption free? Can we observe any significant improvement in cashless transactions? Can we see the digital payments have significantly improved for common general man?</p><p>Many reports stated that Country’s automobile and real estate sectors are highly affected and World Bank has downgraded the Indian economy’s growth forecast as sharp falls. The empirical findings suggest that the impact of demonetization on GDP growth during Q3 and Q4 of 2016-17 was mostly felt in construction and real estate, but the good thing was that because of stronger growth in manufacturing, agriculture, mining and electricity the overall impact on gross domestic product growth was modest.</p><p>Many reports stated that small traders have immensely affected after demonetization because of the cash crunch and lack of infrastructure like digital payment system etc. Small traders in retail sector (grocery shops etc), service sector (restaurants, nursing homes etc.), gems and jewellery, small traders in agricultural products, SMEs, small dealers, professionals like doctors, lawyers etc, have highly affected because of demonetization during last one year. So my objective to find out whether the small traders have really affected or not. If they are affected then how they have affected?</p><p>The main objective of this paper is to study the impact of demonetization on the small scale traders at Cooch Behar District of West Bengal and how it affected their business. As we all know that Cooch Behar is the princely state of West Bengal which is located very near to Assam, Bhutan and Siliguri region. As a district town Cooch Behar has a high significance in businesses with Northeast, Siliguri and Bhutan. I prepared a questionnaire and surveyed to 50 small scale businessmen at Cooch Behar district and tried to find their perception on demonetization and its impacts on their businesses during last one year. The study at Cooch Behar district may reflect the status of small traders for entire country. Another objectives I have kept here to study whether demonetization really eradicated corruption from India and whether demonetization has changed the behavior of the citizens of the country in cashless transactions?</p>
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Lucarelli, Bill. "Intra-eurozone Payments Imbalances: Implications for the TARGET2 Payments System." Review of Radical Political Economics 49, no. 3 (July 17, 2017): 343–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613417703972.
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In the wake of the recent European debt crisis, there have emerged serious payments imbalances between the core/surplus countries and the peripheral/deficit countries, which threaten the internal cohesion of the eurozone. In the absence of political union or fiscal federalism, these centrifugal dynamics appear to be irreversible. This article examines the role performed by the TARGET2 (Trans-European Automated Real Time Gross Settlement Express Transfer System) payments system and the very real possibility of default by the indebted, peripheral countries as a result of the imposition of austerity policies by the European Central Bank (ECB)/European Union (EU)/International Monetary Fund (IMF) (Troika). It is proposed that the current, neoliberal path toward austerity and wage repression (or internal devaluation) is ultimately unsustainable and, indeed, self-defeating. JEL Classification: B5, B14, B16, B23
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Geovana Fernandes Carneiro, Gabrielle, and Luiz Carlos Ferreira Moreira. "O CRITÉRIO DA BAIXA RENDA NA CONCESSÃO DO BENEFÍCIO ASSISTENCIAL À PESSOA IDOSA OU DEFICIENTE." Revista Científica Semana Acadêmica 9, no. 208 (September 21, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35265/2236-6717-208-9258.
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The theme is based mainly on the reality of many Brazilians who are not insured by the INSS (National Social Security Institute) who have some kind of disability or even reached the minimum age to retire. The purpose is to show the reality of many people who are unable to become insured and who depend on making their rights impossible. It deals with the Brazilian social assistance contained in article 203 of the Federal Constitution of 1988, with regard to the distribution of the value of income per capita of the minimum wage and shows that regardless of the situation of each family, there is a great discussion about this regularization in the our legal system. In this sense, the general objective of this study is related to the act of granting better living conditions to beneficiaries who have low income, through the application of the Organic Law on Social Assistance. In addition, the Continuous Payment Benefit will consist of a series of actions, measures designed to meet basic human needs, guaranteeing minimum social conditions for the necessary configuration of a dignified life, and providing health and protection (social security or social security) to prevent misfortunes caused by not working. Therefore, BPC (Continuing Benefit) found its identity in basic protection, as it aims to ensure that beneficiaries enjoy the right to family and community coexistence and social work with their families, contributing to meeting their needs and development your skills and competences.
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Sreekanth, Soma, Mr G. Subbareddy, and DR Venkata Rangaiah. "Payroll System At ICICI Bank Ltd." Think India 22, no. 2 (June 19, 2019): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i2.7981.
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The pay structure of a company depends on several factors such as labor market Conditions Company’s paying capacity and legal provisions. In India, different acts include different items under wages though all the Acts include basic wage and dearness allowance under the term wages. Under the workmen’s Pay Roll act, 1923 wages for leave period holiday pay, overtime pay, bonus, and good conduct bonus form part of wages. Under the payments of wages act, 1936, section 2(vi) anyawards of settlement and production bonus, if paid constitute wages.
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Gutsalenko, L. V., and D. O. Mokiienko. "Modern remuneration system in foreign country." Bioeconomics and Agrarian Business 11, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/bioeconomy2020.01.040.
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The article describes the formation features of modern remuneration systems, taking into account the main aspects and methods of labour organization in foreign countries. It also determines the requirements for compulsory salary increase in certain foreign countries. The article focuses on the observers’ forecast of remuneration level changes and the formation of five trends in employee salary and additional payments, such as: regular bonus payments for performance; transparent remuneration; more employees will receive bonuses; analysis of equity aimed at remuneration payments; the formation by states of their own minimum wage policy. It notes that there has been a positive economic change and an increase in demand among states due to increased political influence on the establishment of minimum wages. The data on the minimum wage for January 2020 has been studied and it was pointed that in 2020 Ukraine took the fifteenth place out of 54 countries in the growth rating of minimum wages in the world. Moreover, the main components of the system used at enterprises to provide incentives and increase productivity of employees have been determined. It is also noted that in some foreign countries there is a tendency to regulate and establish maximum wages of intellectual workers. The article gives a comparative analysis of wages of intellectual workers versus manual workers; and it indicates that the wages of intellectual workers are on average higher than wages of manual workers: in Germany – by 20%; in Italy and Denmark — by 22 %; in Luxembourg — by 44 %; in France and Belgium — by 61 %. In comparison with qualified workers, craftsmen earn more: in Germany – by 15%; in the Netherlands — by 23 %, in France— by 30 %, in Belgium — by 40 %. In the United States, lower-level executives (craftsmen, group and sector leaders) have an annual income on average 1.5 times higher than an annual income of manual workers. The article points out that foreign countries tend to use and combine various remuneration systems, each of which consists of two parts: basic (permanent) and additional (variable). It has been suggested to improve and develop new approaches to provide incentives for employees of domestic enterprises that will have a positive impact on their performance.
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Burdenyuk, Svitlana. "PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUNDED PENSION PROVISION IN UKRAINE." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 5-6 (August 2020): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2020.5-6.18.
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Purpose. The aim of the article is the analysis of the pension system of Ukraine and directions of its reform, clarification of the role of accumulative pension insurance in the system of social protection of the population, as well as study of the prospects for the introduction of a mandatory accumulative pension system in Ukraine. Methods of research. During the research, special economic literature related to the introduction and use of the funded pension system was developed, various economic methods are used, relevant normative and instructive documents in the field of pension provision, statistical data of the Pension Fund of Ukraine are used. Conducting research, the method of absolute and relative, average values and indicators of a number of dynamics is used in assessing the dynamics of the minimum, average pension, wages; the method of analysis using generalized indicators is applied in characterizing the income and expenditure of the Pension Fund of Ukraine. The legislative documents of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine was information base of the research, normative and instructive documents of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, statistical reporting of the Main Department of the Pension Fund of Ukraine. The relevant results of the study were facilitated by the use of special economic literature on the functioning of the national pension system, its reform and the possibilities of using the accumulative pension provision. Findings. The dynamics of the minimum and average levels of pensions in Ukraine over the past five years is analysed, their ratio to the average wage in Ukraine is determined, and the replacement rate is estimated. Attention is drawn to the need to use the State Budget of Ukraine for the needs of the Pension Fund in the payment of pensions to citizens of retirement age. The need to introduce the second level of the domestic pension system to restore the appropriate level of pension provision in Ukraine has been identified. The conditions and prospects for the introduction of mandatory funded pension insurance are analysed. The main bills concerning the practical use of the second level are described; attention is paid to the use of the main financial institutions that can be used at this level. Originality. The substantiation for the introduction of mandatory funded pension provision, which will increase the income of Ukrainian pensioners, has been further developed. The practical application of the second level of the domestic pension system will contribute to its formation as a holistic mechanism. A strong financial base of funded pension programs can be used for the development of the national economy. Practical value. The obtained results of the study provide a basis for further study of the theoretical foundations and development of practical recommendations for the introduction of mandatory funded pension provision and the development of the domestic pension system. Key words: accumulative pension provision, pension treasury, pension legislation, pension assets, average pension, Pension Fund of Ukraine, pension contributions.
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Arsentyev, Viktor M. "MONETARY FORMS OF PAYMENT OF WORK IN THE RUSSIAN PATRIMONY INDUSTRY IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION)." Economic History, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.042.014.201803.263-275.
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Introduction. The article is devoted to the consideration of changes which took place in the system of remuneration for work in the patrimonial industry of Russia in the first half of the XIX century. The methods of mobilizing of workers for industrial enterprises are considered, the value of the monetary form of payment for different categories of workers is characterized. The methods of labor stimulation applied by noblemen-industrialists with a view of increase of labor activity of workers and increase in labor productivity are investigated. Methods and Materials. When solving the set research tasks, materials from the funds of federal and regional archives, published sources, as well as scientific literature were used. To analyze the nature and direction of the processes that took place in the industry of serf Russia, the modernization theory was applied. When processing quantitative data, a statistical method was used, and for a more detailed immersion in the subject of the study, a micro-historical approach was applied. Results. The conducted research showed that capitalist experiments at the patrimonial enterprises of the Middle Volga region, connected with increasingly firmly established industry in the first half of the XIX century the tradition of applying monetary forms of labor for their own serf and household people, was used by many noble entrepreneurs in their industrial manufactures. The monetary forms of remuneration were methods of intensifying forced labor and were aimed at increasing the profitability of the patrimonial enterprises. Discussion and Conclusion. In the patrimonial industry of the Middle Volga region in the first half of the XIX century, the use of labor of serfs and household people was gradually transferred to a commercial basis, and only serfs were employed in the form of corvee labor for auxiliary servicing. While maintaining the connection with the land and legal dependence on the owner, the position of the working patrimonial manufactory acquired a dual character: on the one hand, elements of contractual employment relations were present on a market basis, and on the other, feudal features of forced recruitment were preserved. The statistical analysis of payroll data in patrimonial factories, mainly cloth, revealed significant differences in its size, depending on gender, age, professional specialization and skill level of workers. But in general, the size of the monetary payment of labor remained rather low. The absence of any formally fixed rates often allowed the factory owners, at their own discretion, to evaluate certain types of labor, and on this basis to compile the wage pay tables for industrial workers, the vast majority of whom were also in a state of non-economic coercion.
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Rocca, Marco, and Ann Vrijsen. "Climbing the chain: the Belgian system of joint liability for the payment of wages." Praca i Zabezpieczenie Społeczne 2020, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33226/0032-6186.2020.1.2.
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Dolyuk, Alla. "Remuneration and incentives for labor in the integrated accounting system." VUZF Review 5, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.38188/2534-9228.20.4.06.
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Accounting for labor and remuneration for labor is one of the most important and complex elements in the enterprise's entire accounting system. That is why the problematic issues of accounting for remuneration for labor in combination with budgeting require deep and high-quality research since their solution will positively affect the formation of reliable information on the state of payments for wages of employees of the enterprise and production processes. The article examines the features of the organization of the integrated accounting system. It substantiates the methods and estimates of budget indicators at enterprises to determine the directions for further application. Proposals for improving the system for issuing initial information on accounting and control of labor and its payment are presented.
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Sen Gupta, Rajorshi. "Knowledge Management and Quality Control in Software Outsourcing Projects." International Journal of Knowledge Management 13, no. 4 (October 2017): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkm.2017100102.
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This article describes how entrepreneurs face critical risks in terms of quality control and knowledge management while outsourcing software development to independent service providers. First, it is recommended that lump-sum payment contracts should be avoided since software development project involves uncertainty. Instead, a variable payment contingent on observed quality can induce the service provider to exert optimal effort on the project. Second, entrepreneurs must not overlook the importance of providing economic incentives. They can protect their intellectual property by withholding critical knowledge and paying information rents in terms of higher than market wages to the service providers. Third, a startling result is that a low wage nation is not necessarily the optimal location to outsource software development projects. Thus, high wage-strong IPR nations might be chosen instead of low wage-weak IPR nations. Finally, the article explains the apparent paradox that software projects are often outsourced to locations that are characterized by weak intellectual property rights regime and high propensity of imitation.
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Sawyer, Laura Phillips. "Contested Meanings of Freedom: Workingmen's Wages, the Company Store System, and theGodcharles v. WigemanDecision." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 12, no. 3 (June 18, 2013): 285–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781413000182.
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In 1886, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court struck down a law that prohibited employers from paying wages in company store scrip and mandated monthly wage payments. The court held that the legislature could not prescribe mandatory wage contracts for legally competent workingmen. The decision quashed over two decades of efforts to end the “truck system.” Although legislators had agreed that wage payments redeemable only in company store goods appeared antithetical to the free labor wage system, two obstacles complicated legislative action. Any law meant to enhance laborers' rights could neither favor one class over another nor infringe any workingman's ability to make voluntary contracts. These distinctions, however, were not as rigid andlaissez faire-oriented as depicted by conventional history. Labor reformers argued that principles of equity must supplement these categories of class legislation and contract freedom. This essay explores how legal doctrine helped both sides of the anti-truck debate articulate the contested meanings of liberty. Ultimately, theGodcharlesruling enshrined the specialness of workingmen's labor contracts and rejected the use of equity principles to justify contract regulations, but the controversy also informed future labor strategies, especially the turn to state police powers as the rubric under which workers' safety, morals, and health could be protected.
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Kuznetsova, A., V. Boronos, О. Zakharkin, and R. Chukhno. "ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL SELF-SUFFICIENCY OF LOCAL BUDGETS ON THE EXAMPLE OF SUMY REGION." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 3 (2020): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2020.3-17.
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The analysis of publishing activity on the formation and implementation of local budgets in terms of ensuring their financial self-sufficiency has shown an increase in recent scientific interest in this issue, which indicates its relevance. This interest is especially important in the context of decentralization budget reforms in recent years. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the self-sufficiency of local budgets in terms of decentralization reforms of the budget system and new conditions for the formation of the revenue side of local budgets. In the process of performing the tasks of the work the methods of economic, system and comparative analysis and synthesis were used. The analysis of statistical data on the indicators of the revenue side of local budgets was carried out using calculation-analytical, graphical methods. The paper analyzes the main definitions of the concept of financial self-sufficiency, and determines that most of them are based on the resource approach and assume the availability of sufficient financial resources to meet the economic and social needs of the region. Amendments to the Budget Code provide for the redistribution of tax revenues in favor of local budgets in terms of personal income tax, excise tax, income tax and other taxes. The analysis of the structure of the consolidated budget of Sumy region showed that the key source of formation of its revenue part is the receipt of funds from the personal income tax and local taxes. At the same time, revenues from these sources have increased significantly in recent years, primarily due to the growth of the minimum wage, as well as the intensification of entrepreneurial activity. The analysis of the volumes of local taxes and fees by cities of oblast subordination showed that the largest volumes of revenues are brought by the single tax and payment for land. As an indicator of the level of financial self-sufficiency of local budgets, it is proposed to use the share of own revenues in the total amount of budget revenues. According to which indicator a comparative analysis of the consolidated budgets of Sumy, Kharkiv and Poltava regions was conducted and it was determined that Kharkiv region has the highest level of financial self-sufficiency.