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Journal articles on the topic 'Wages and labor productivity – Zimbabwe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Starkova, O. Ya. "Wages and Labor Productivity in Agriculture." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 3 (2020): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2020-0-3-39-43.

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2

Kapeliushnikov, R. "Labor Productivity versus Labor Compensation:Some Simple arithmetic." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 3 (March 20, 2014): 36–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2014-3-36-61.

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The paper explores the “race” between wages and labor productivity in the contemporary Russian economy. It continues the author’s previous research where the same problem was examined for the earlier period of 1997-2007. The analysis focuses on dynamics in labor productivity and labor compensation during the economic crisis of 2008-2009 and subsequent years. The author shows that conventional wisdom implying that in Russia wages persistently increase at much higher annual rates than productivity is wrong: over 1997-2012 there was no stable relationship and waves of faster wage growth alternated with waves of faster productivity growth. However in the long run productivity outpaced labor compensation. As a result in 2011-2012 real unit labor costs for Russian firms were even lower than in the mid of the 1990s or in the beginning of the 2000s.

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3

Bojnec, Tefan. "Labor Market Flows, Labor Productivity, and Wages in Slovenia." Eastern European Economics 42, no. 3 (2004): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00128775.2004.11041076.

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4

Mstislavskii, P. "The Dynamics of Labor Productivity and Wages." Problems in Economics 28, no. 1 (1985): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/pet1061-1991280138.

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Hasan, Ishak, and Yasrizal Yasrizal. "THE LABOR ABSORBTION IN FOOD AND BEVERAGES OF SMALL BUSINESS ENTERPISES IN ACEH PROVINCE." AFEBI Economic and Finance Review 1, no. 01 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.47312/aefr.v1i01.10.

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<p>The competition of labor market in Asean Economic Society will be determined by the labor’s productivity. Small businesses of foods and beverages is the highest sub sector which recruit the labor in Aceh. In 2010 there were 929.910 small businesses which were able to recruit 2.152.981 labor or around 31,99%. There are three variables impact the absorbtion of labor, the wages, labor productivity and capital. This research uses multiple regression technique to analyse data. The technique analysis used to find the impact of wages, productivity and capital to the absorbtion of labor in small businesses and enterprises. Based on research finding, the competitive advantage of Indonesian labor is at the sixth rank of ten countries in ASEAN. The research also found that productivity has significant impact to the absorbtion of labor while capital and wages have no significant impact to the absorbtion of labor in Aceh Province.</p><p>JEL Classification: J01, J24, L66<br />Keyword: AEC, Capital, Labor Competitiveness, Productivity, Wages</p>

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6

Bogatyreva, I. V., N. V. Kozhukhova, and D. A. Acopyan. "Management of Wage-To-Labor Productivity Correlation as a Factor of Samara Region Economic Development." SHS Web of Conferences 71 (2019): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20197104006.

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The paper considers the problems in management of the wage-to-labor productivity correlation as the most important element in the strategic development of Samara region economy. The rational correlation between labor productivity and wages growth affects production cost reduction, and increases profitability and production efficiency. This explains the relevance of the study on the wage-to-labor productivity correlation in the digital economy. The authors present the results of the research on the dynamics of labor productivity and wages in Samara region in 2010 – 2017. They calculated the correlation figures of average wages growth in Samara region economy, described the model and developed the mechanism to manage the wage-to-labor productivity correlation.

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MAIA, ALEXANDRE GORI, and ARTHUR SAKAMOTO. "Does wage reflect labor productivity? A comparison between Brazil and the United States." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 38, no. 4 (2018): 629–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-35172018-2764.

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ABSTRACT The study compares the relationship between wages and labor productivity for different categories of workers in Brazil and in the U.S. Analyses highlight to what extent the equilibrium between wages and productivity is related to the degree of economic development. Wages in the U.S. has shown to be more attached to labor productivity, while Brazil has experienced several economic cycles were average earnings grew initially much faster than labor productivity, suddenly falling down in the subsequent years. Analyses also stress how wage differentials, in fact, match productivity differentials for certain occupational groups, while for others they do not.

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Li, Hongbin, Lei Li, Binzhen Wu, and Yanyan Xiong. "The End of Cheap Chinese Labor." Journal of Economic Perspectives 26, no. 4 (2012): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.26.4.57.

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In recent decades, cheap labor has played a central role in the Chinese model, which has relied on expanded participation in world trade as a main driver of growth. At the beginning of China's economic reforms in 1978, the annual wage of a Chinese urban worker was only $1,004 in U.S. dollars. The Chinese wage was only 3 percent of the average U.S. wage at that time, and it was also significantly lower than the wages in neighboring Asian countries such as the Philippines and Thailand. The Chinese wage was also low relative to productivity. However, wages are now rising in China. In 2010, the annual wage of a Chinese urban worker reached $5,487 in U.S. dollars, which is similar to wages earned by workers in the Philippines and Thailand and significantly higher than those earned by workers in India and Indonesia. China's wages also increased faster than productivity since the late 1990s, suggesting that Chinese labor is becoming more expensive in this sense as well. The increase in China's wages is not confined to any sector, as wages have increased for both skilled and unskilled workers, for both coastal and inland areas, and for both exporting and nonexporting firms. We benchmark wage growth to productivity growth using both national- and industry-level data, showing that Chinese labor was kept cheap until the late 1990s but the relative cost of labor has increased since then. Finally, we discuss the main forces that are pushing wages up.

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9

Trpeski, Predrag, Ljupcho Eftimov, and Marijana Cvetanoska. "Labor Productivity And Real Wages In Macedonia: An Overview Before And After The Global Economic Crisis." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 10 (2016): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n10p352.

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The aim of the paper is to examine the relationship between the labor productivity and real net wages in Macedonia at the level of the whole economy, and in the sectors of industry and agriculture, both, in the period 2006-2015, i.e. shortly before the commencement and after the Great financial and economic crisis. The paper starts from the assumption that greater labor productivity causes changes in real net wages which are in the same direction. Studies that are previously made show that there is an expressed quantitative relationship between the labor productivity and real net wages in Macedonia in the period 1995-2003. But results obtained in this paper show that the Great financial and economic crisis has influence on this relations. Thus, quantitative relationship between labor productivity and real net wages in the analyzed period is very low, and even that their relationships are with the opposite sign. This leads to the conclusion that during and the period after the crisis, changes in labor productivity did not have an impact on the real net wages in Macedonia, or they had a little impact, and in some cases the impact is in the opposite direction. Taking into consideration that in the period during and after crisis are recorded small but permanent increasing of the wages in the country, it is obvious that such increase is not due to changes in labor productivity but more to other factors.

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10

Abdulkhairova, Elzara Musaevna, and Sevil Eskenderovna Bekirova. "CYCLIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WAGES, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY AND HUMAN CAPITAL QUALITY." Scientific Bulletin: finance, banking, investment., no. 2 (51) (2020): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2312-5330-2020-2-127-133.

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The article assesses the dependence of wages on factors that have a predominant effect on wage dynamics. The cyclic relationship between wages, labor productivity and the quality of human capital is analyzed. The criteria for the effectiveness of strategic management are disclosed. The problems of reproduction of human capital are considered. The reasons for the decline in the quality of human capital due to the low level of wages in the Russian economy are revealed. The main directions of achieving balanced growth rates of labor productivity, wages and reproduction of human capital are identified.

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11

Shanygin, S. I., and E. I. Zuga. "Wages and Labor Productivity in Russia: Regional Aspect." Economics and Management, no. 10 (December 18, 2019): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2019-10-39-49.

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The presented study examines the statistics of labor productivity and wages in the Russian Federation.Aim. The study aims to analyze trends in the changes of labor productivity and wages in Russia in the territorial and temporal aspects.Tasks. This study examines and compares the dynamics of wages and labor productivity in Russia, identifying the specific regional features of their fluctuation.Methods. The authors conduct a statistical research of the current situation in Russia as well as a dynamic, correlation, and structural analysis based on the data of the Federal State Statistics Service, and formulate economic assessments of the results from the perspective of the systems approach.Results. The study substantiates that it is inadvisable to traditionally exclude anomalous data in the statistical research of economic systems as this leads to unacceptable changes in the structures of the latter. The authors propose comparing these systems by enlarged structural elements. Some common Russian trends in the changes of labor productivity and wage levels in time and space are analyzed and specified by federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Consistent patterns in the dynamics of annual frequency distributions and variations of these indicators by regions, districts, and republics of the Russian Federation are described, and the leading and underperforming regions are identified.Conclusions. Over the examined time period, labor productivity in Russia grew with slight fluctuations, while average wages only increased during economically favorable periods (in constant prices). The overall situation in the country is slowly improving and remains relatively stable in the regional aspect, but not the best. It would be advisable to implement economic mechanisms aimed at improving the self-sufficiency of the country and its regions. The authors believe the current methodology of the Federal Statistics Service to be applicable to the measurement of performance of industrial regions and — to a lesser extent — agricultural regions.

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Aranzhin, V. V. "RELATIONSHIP OF WAGES AND LABOR PRODUCTIVITY: SYSTEMATIC APPROACH." social & labor researches 39, no. 2 (2020): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34022/2658-3712-2020-39-2-18-29.

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13

LEE, BUN SONG, SUNG HYO HONG, and MARK E. WOHAR. "CITY SIZE, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY AND WAGES IN KOREA." Singapore Economic Review 65, no. 04 (2017): 1073–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590817500138.

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This study attempts to derive policy implications for spatially-balanced growth through empirical analysis on determinants of regional wage gaps in Korea. Combes et al. [(2008) Spatial wage disparities: Sorting Matters. Journal of Urban Economics, 63, 723–742] suggest that regional wage gaps result from the regional differences in workers’ human capital, nonhuman endowments, and agglomeration economies. The current study applies a similar two-stage estimation model to the 2006 cross-sectional data for 4009 workers from the Korean Labor Panel Survey (KLPS) performed by the Korea Labor Institute. Localization economies are positive external effects from the geographic concentration of firms in the same industry. We find evidence of localization economies in our research. The second stage estimation results for the determinants of regional wage gaps show that the average wage is higher in areas that concentrate in a small number of industries rather than in areas that are diversified with many industries. This result is in direct contrast to the findings from Combes et al. [(2008) Spatial wage disparities: Sorting Matters. Journal of Urban Economics, 63, 723–742] who analyze the French labor market data. This difference can be explained by the possibility that in Korea the improved quality of life (e.g., better education services) and/or the increase in job mobility in large diversified metropolitan areas induce workers to accept relatively lower wages in those areas. In order to resolve the bias in the estimation of the agglomeration effects caused by the heterogeneity of workers, we also performed panel regressions of the 2nd 2000 and the 7th 2005 KLPS panel data of 7431 observations. The panel regression results also support our original findings from regressions of the 8th 2006 KLPS data.

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Oh, Jong-seok, Sunghwan Min, and Sungwook Hong. "Relationship between Korean Manufacturing Wages and Labor Productivity." Korean Development Economics Association 25, no. 3 (2019): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20464/kdea.2019.25.3.2.

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15

Cette, Gilbert, Jimmy Lopez, and Jacques Mairesse. "Market Regulations, Prices, and Productivity." American Economic Review 106, no. 5 (2016): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20161025.

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This study is, to our knowledge, the first attempt to infer the consequences on productivity entailed by anticompetitive regulations in product and labor markets through their impacts on production prices and wages. Results show that changes in production prices and wages at country*industry levels are informative about the creation of rents impeding productivity in different ways and to different extents. A simulation based on OECD regulation indicators suggests that nearly all countries could expect sizeable gains in multifactor productivity from the implementation of large structural reform programs changing anticompetitive regulation practices on product and labor markets.

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Setiadi, Pompong B., Ratna Ursula, Rismawa ti, and Made Setini. "Labour Productivity, Work Experience, Age and Education: The Case of Lurik Weaving Industry in Klaten, Indonesia." Webology 17, no. 2 (2020): 487–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v17i2/web17047.

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The study of productivity effects of changes in education, work experience, and age of labor force is of paramount importance because it has a direct impact on high and low performers among organizations. However, there is a significant gap in studies on exploring the quality of such work-life in Indonesia. This study seeks to analyze 1) the productivity effects of changes in education and age of the labor sector; 2) the productivity effect of work experience; and (4) the productivity effects of wages on craftsmen's lurik weaving fabric in Klaten district of Indonesia. The results drawn from this study show that 1) the level of education has significant effects on labor productivity; 2) the age composition of the labor force has a significant impact on productivity; 3) work experience can make a significant influence on labor productivity though it has a negative value; and 4) work wages cannot significantly influence on labor productivity.

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17

Katovich, Erik S., and Alexandre Gori Maia. "The relation between labor productivity and wages in Brazil:." Nova Economia 28, no. 1 (2018): 7–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6351/3943.

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Abstract: Labor productivity is a crucial long-run determinant of real wages. Nonetheless, wage and productivity dynamics often diverge in practice due to a range of economic and institutional factors. This study analyzes the relation between the dynamics of labor productivity and wages in Brazil from 1996 to 2014, and adopts a sectoral perspective to account for divergent trends among economic sectors. Analyses are based on pooled data drawn from the National Accounts and the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios, and hierarchical data models are estimated to assess the impacts of state- and sector-level factors on individuals’ wages. Results indicate that productivity is significantly positively associated with wage levels for all economic sectors, but that institutional factors such as labor formalization and minimum wage exert equally significant impacts, suggesting that wage growth over the 1996-2014 period was as much the result of institutional changes as of transformation of Brazil’s productive structure.

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18

Abe, Taro. "Dual-Labor Market and Unemployment Compensation." ECONOMICS 8, no. 2 (2020): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2020-0012.

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Abstract This paper discusses the impact of unemployment compensation on the employment and wages of regular and non-regular labor in a dual-labor market. The model in this paper assumes an effective demand constraint and an imperfectly competitive market. The results obtained are as follows. An increase in unemployment compensation increases the wages of regular labor to maintain its productivity. However, this temporarily decreases the employment of regular labor, so that the productivity and wages of non-regular labor decrease. The result is an increase in the relative wage rate of regular labor and the relative amount of non-regular labor employed. This result is independent of any economic regime. In terms of the impact on employment volume, the existence of two regimes, one wage-driven and one profit-driven, is confirmed. However, the effect on employment is weaker if unemployment compensation is financed by taxing profits.

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19

Colistete, Renato P. "Productivity, Wages, and Labor Politics in Brazil, 1945–1962." Journal of Economic History 67, no. 1 (2007): 93–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050707000046.

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After World War II Brazil experienced exceptionally high economic growth, ranking tenth among the largest economies by 1960. Yet evidence shows that real wages lagged far behind productivity, especially from 1956, the heyday of “developmentalism”—an economic ideology aimed at state-led, accelerated industrialization, with foreign and domestic private capital as active partners. The outcome diverged from that of the “social compact for growth,” the cornerstone of the “golden age” in Europe and Japan. A key reason was that in Brazil left-wingers controlled the main trade unions and pushed an agenda of social reform that was widely rejected by industrialists.

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ŠKARE, Marinko, and Damian ŠKARE. "IS THE GREAT DECOUPLING REAL?" Journal of Business Economics and Management 18, no. 3 (2017): 451–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2017.1323793.

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The great decoupling is real. Productivity and employment/wages link changed after 1980 in many countries, not just the U.S. This study investigates the productivity and employment/wages link (1950–2014) looking for empirical proof of the “great decoupling” put forward by Brynjolfsson and Mcafee (2013). The results should stimulate policymakers to openly question why real wages and productivity don’t line up with the theory. We use the Hodrick and Prescott (1997) filter to isolate trends in real wages, labor share in GDP, and labor productivity and rolling correlation to explore if the great decoupling is real. We have found that the great decoupling i.e. The divergence between real wages/employment and productivity is present in all countries (10 in the sample). The dynamics of the great decoupling are however different between the countries although year 1980 seems to be a dominant breaking point for the start of the phenomena. This paper provides multicounty empirical proof of the presence of the great decoupling phenomena and explores its dynamics over 1950–2014. Policy makers as well as firms and unions should take the existence of this phenomena seriously since it can have significant consequences on economic growth and labor markets’ functioning.

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Басовская, Елена, Elena Basovskaya, Леонид Басовский, and Leonid Basovskiy. "The Impact of Labor Remuneration and the Differentiation of Household Income on Labor Productivity in the Regions of Russia." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 7, no. 4 (2019): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d53b2cd2ab7b5.00704502.

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The models of regions, econometric based on crosscutting statistics, have established that wages and the differentiation of household incomes have a significant impact on labor productivity in the regions of modern Russia. Changes in the level of remuneration and differentiation of incomes of the population in recent years explain 78–82% of changes in labor productivity in the regions, and the effect of the level of remuneration is twice the impact of the differentiation of incomes of the population. The impact of wages on productivity in the period grows. This indicates an increase in the efficiency of labor as a production factor. The influence of income differentiation on labor productivity, which had previously been lost due to the formation of an unfavorable institutional environment under the laws adopted in the country, resumed. The impact of income differentiation decreases, which indicates a decrease in its stimulating effect on labor productivity.

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Peri, Giovanni. "Immigrants, Productivity, and Labor Markets." Journal of Economic Perspectives 30, no. 4 (2016): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.30.4.3.

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Immigration has been a steady force acting on population and employment within countries throughout human history. Focusing on the last four decades, we show that the mix of immigrants to rich countries has been, overall, rather balanced between college and non-college educated. The growth of immigration has been driven by immigrants from nonrich countries. The economic impact of immigration on receiving economies needs to be understood by analyzing the specific skills brought by immigrants. The complementarity and substitutability between immigrants and natives in employment, and the response of receiving economies in terms of specialization and technological choices, are important when considering the general equilibrium effects of immigration. In the United States, a balanced composition of immigrants between college and noncollege educated, together with the adjustment of demand and technology, imply that general equilibrium effects on relative and absolute wages have been small.

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Hidayat, Rahmat. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN UPAH DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA PT DUTA TRANS JAYA JAKARTA." Jurnal Pengembangan Wiraswasta 19, no. 1 (2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33370/jpw.v19i1.121.

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Organizational performance is the end result of the work done to achieve organizational goals that have been established. All that is determined by the existence of good labor productivity. There are several things that affect the productivity of labor, including the provision of wages and discipline work. One way to reward and acknowledge the existence of manpower is through the provision of wages. In addition to wage factors, labor productivity can also be influenced by work discipline factors. This study aims to determine the effect of wages and discipline of work on the productivity of labor at the company's Duta Trans Jaya Jakarta. The population of the research ani there are 40 employees, so researcher uses saturated samples by using all the popolation. So the sample in this study is 40 people. Based on the above data it can be seen that the value for wage variables, and work discipline (simultaneously) has a significant effect on work productivity, where the significant value of F of 0.000 <0.05 so it can be concluded that Ha accepted and Ho rejected this means that there is A significant influence between wage and work discipline variables on work productivity at PT. Duta Trans Jaya Jakarta.Â Kata kunci:Provision of Wage, Discipline Work, Productivity of worker

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Meghir, Costas, Renata Narita, and Jean-Marc Robin. "Wages and Informality in Developing Countries." American Economic Review 105, no. 4 (2015): 1509–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20121110.

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We develop an equilibrium wage-posting model with heterogeneous firms that decide to locate in the formal or the informal sector and workers who search randomly on and off the job. We estimate the model on Brazilian labor force survey data. In equilibrium, firms of equal productivity locate in different sectors, a fact observed in the data. Wages are characterized by compensating differentials. We show that tightening enforcement does not increase unemployment and increases wages, total output, and welfare by enabling better allocation of workers to higher productivity jobs and improving competition in the formal labor market. (JEL E26, J24, J31, J46, O15, O17)

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25

Hutchens, Robert M. "Seniority, Wages and Productivity: A Turbulent Decade." Journal of Economic Perspectives 3, no. 4 (1989): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.3.4.49.

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Why does a worker's wage tend to grow with seniority in the firm, and what does this have to do with productivity? Two decades ago, neoclassical labor economists thought that the theory of human capital provided a good answer to this question. The last decade has, however, been one of puzzles and doubt. At this point few would give an unambiguous answer. This paper provides a tour of key points in the ongoing debate over the relationship between seniority, wages, and productivity.

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Beztelesna, Lyudmila. "PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT OF LABOR: THE MACROECONOMIC ASPECT." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4717.

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Proved that is competitive and the economy, which provided faster growth of labor productivity growth over wages. Identified an urgent need to manage productivity in modern conditions. Reflected the negative effects of liberal economic reforms in Russia and Kazakhstan. Showing weather hit countries in a trap average income. On the basis of experience of competitive economies necessity to stimulate productivity growth based on public-private partnership.

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CHIDAMBARAN IYER, G. "WAGE SPILLOVERS IN INDIAN MANUFACTURING." Singapore Economic Review 57, no. 01 (2012): 1250006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590812500063.

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The presence of foreign firms might lead to movement of skilled labor from domestic firms. To prevent such movement, domestic firms could increase their wages. Also, productivity spillovers from foreign firms may increase the productivity of domestic firms and possibly the wages given in domestic firms. In this paper, we try to answer whether the wages offered by domestic firms to their labor is affected by the presence of foreign firms. We carry out our analysis for an unbalanced firm-level panel dataset for 6 two-digit industries in Indian manufacturing. We find some evidence for positive wage spillover in three industries.

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Register, Charles A., and Donald R. Williams. "Labor Market Effects of Marijuana and Cocaine Use among Young Men." ILR Review 45, no. 3 (1992): 435–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399204500302.

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Using data on marijuana and cocaine use from the 1984 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the authors examine the hypothesis that drug use reduces labor market productivity, as measured by wages. From an analysis that controls for the probability of employment and the endogeneity of drug use, they find that although long-term and on-the-job use of marijuana negatively affected wages, the net productivity effect for all marijuana users (both those who engaged in long-term or on-the-job use and those who did not) was positive. No statistically significant association was found between cocaine use and productivity.

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Khainish, Stanislav V. "Raising Labor Productivity: from the Shchekino Experiment (1967) to the “Labor Productivity and Employment Support” National Project (2018). What's Next?" Economic Strategies 144, no. 4 (2021): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33917/es-4.178.2021.92-103.

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The article provides examples of introducing advanced management practices at Russian enterprises, and also describes the experience of highly skilled managers with an adequate to market realities mentality. According to the author, by actively mastering the three “whales” — management, mentality and business culture — we increase labor productivity, and therefore we have every reason to increase the workers' wages, which are unacceptably low today.

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GRAÑA, JUAN M. "Labor market trends in a low and heterogeneous productivity country. Evidence from Argentina’s manufacturing." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 38, no. 2 (2018): 358–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572018v38n02a08.

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ABSTRACT During Substitution Industrialization (1930-1975), wages rose, and unemployment and poverty were low. During the “neoliberal process” (1976-2002) the liberalization of the goods and financial markets resulted in the regression of the productive structure, high unemployment and the decline of real wages. Finally, since the collapse of 2002, Argentina has had enormous success in terms of unemployment, with limited achievements in wages or poverty. This paper tries to answer why Argentina faces difficulties to return to past labor market figures highlighting the process of capital differentiation and the new international division of labor.

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Emran, Shahe, and Forhad Shilpi. "Agricultural Productivity, Hired Labor, Wages, and Poverty: Evidence from Bangladesh." World Development 109 (September 2018): 470–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.12.009.

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Badriah, Lilis Siti, Armida S. Alisjahbana, Kodrat Wibowo, and Ferry Hadiyanto. "The Determinants of Large and Medium Industrial Sectors Productivity Growth in Indonesia." Economics Development Analysis Journal 8, no. 1 (2019): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v8i1.28827.

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The study aims to analyze the determinants of labor productivity growth in the large and medium industrial sub-sectors in Indonesia related to changes in economic structure that lead to the dominant role of the industrial sector in national GDP formation. The data used are combined between cross-section from 62 large and medium industrial sub-sectors, and time series, during 1990-2014, which are divided into 5 sub-periods of research. The data includes value added, number of workers, FDI, and Wages. Data sources are the Central Bureau of Statistics, Bappenas, and the Ministry of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia. The analytical method used is the panel data regression model, using secondary data. The model is analyzed by estimating the Least Square Dummy Variable (LSDV) method. The results of the study show that: (1) Changes in the share of labor as a result of the process of reallocating labor between sub-sectors have a negative effect on labor productivity growth. (2) Determinants of labor productivity growth, in addition to changes in the share of labor: those are investment variables (capital deepening), both short and long-term, and FDI does not affect labor productivity growth, while wages have a significant positive effect.

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Abler, David G. "Differential Returns to Labor in Indian Agriculture." Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 20, no. 1 (1991): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0899367x00002828.

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This article explores the speed of adjustment in Indian agricultural labor markets to changing economic circumstances. Agricultural wages in sixteen states during 1970–86 are analyzed. Results indicate that agricultural wages adjust quickly toward their long-run values, completing about one-fifth to one-fourth of the adjustment per year. Results also suggest strong linkages between the agricultural and nonagricultural labor markets. Interstate agricultural productivity differences have risen substantially in the last twenty-five years, and many feel this has led to a disintegration of the agricultural labor market. The findings suggest an indirect integration may be occurring through migration to nonagriculture.

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Bils, Mark, Peter J. Klenow, and Benjamin A. Malin. "Resurrecting the Role of the Product Market Wedge in Recessions." American Economic Review 108, no. 4-5 (2018): 1118–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20151260.

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Employment and hours are more cyclical than dictated by productivity and consumption. This intratemporal labor wedge can arise from product or labor market distortions. Based on employee wages, the literature has attributed the intratemporal wedge almost entirely to labor market distortions. Because wages may be smoothed versions of labor's true cyclical price, we instead examine the self-employed and intermediate inputs, respectively. For recent decades in the United States, we find price markup movements are at least as cyclical as wage markup movements. Thus, countercyclical price markups deserve a central place in business-cycle research, alongside sticky wages and matching frictions. (JEL E24, E32, E63, J31, J41)

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Mendoza-Velazquez, Alfonso, José Antonio Santillana, Viviana Elizabeth Zárate-Mirón, and Martha Cabanas. "Labor congestion in the automotive cluster: the role of wages." Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal 28, no. 4 (2018): 386–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-10-2016-0071.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate labor congestion in the automotive industry in Mexico. Design/methodology/approach By using the cluster and subcluster definitions by Delgado et al. (2016) and relying on an efficiency and production function perspective, this study estimates a standard production function and measures marginal returns of labor at the regional cluster and subclusters levels. To assess whether wages affect the finding of congestion and productivity, the model also measures the individual impact of wages on both total productivity and marginal returns of labor. Findings Among other results, this paper finds evidence of labor congestion in the automotive cluster in Mexico. This congestion deepens with wages and it is specific to some regions and some subclusters. Research limitations/implications The methods used are based on panel data techniques but are fundamentally cross-section in nature. The time period available may condition these findings. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study reporting congestion in the automotive cluster in Mexico.

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Hyun, Jun-Seog, and Won-Joong Kim. "Dynamic Relationship among Labor Productivity, Employment and Wages in OECD Countries." Korea International Trade Research Institute 13, no. 2 (2017): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.13.2.201704.213.

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Dritsaki, Chaido. "Real wages, inflation, and labor productivity: Evidences from Bulgaria and Romania." Journal of Economic & Financial Studies 4, no. 05 (2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/jefs.v4i05.253.

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Liu, Jeng, and Arthur Sakamoto. "Relative Deprivation, Efficiency Wages, and Labor Productivity in Taiwanese Manufacturing Industries." Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 23 (January 2005): 303–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0276-5624(05)23010-x.

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Almeida, Alexandre N., and Boris E. Bravo-Ureta. "Agricultural productivity, shadow wages and off-farm labor decisions in Nicaragua." Economic Systems 43, no. 1 (2019): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2018.09.002.

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Schweigert, Thomas E. "Commercial sector wages and subsistence sector labor productivity in Guatemalan agriculture." World Development 21, no. 1 (1993): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(93)90138-y.

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Oktavia, Evi. "Vocational Teacher Productivity in Palembang: Education Production Function." Accounting and Finance, no. 4(90) (2020): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2020-4(90)-112-119.

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In education sector the direct estimates of worker productivity are available for the majority of the workforce. In recent years, educational economists examine productivity returns to work experience among teachers using predicted contributions to increase student test scores as a proxy for productivity. Teacher productivity in the labor economy is measured using the education production function model. An education production function is an application of the economic concept of a production function to the field of education. It relates various inputs affecting a student's learning (schools, families, peers, neighborhoods, etc.) to measured outputs including subsequent labor market success, college attendance, graduation rates, and, most frequently, standardized test scores. This study was aimed to determine the effect of wages, level of education and training toward honorary teachers’ productivity in Palembang. The data used in this study were primary data in the form of questionnaires which were asked directly to the respondents with a total number of 310 respondents from 28 private vocational schools in Palembang. Survey was used as the data collection method with proportional random sampling withdrawal. Data analysis method used in this study was multiple regression with OLS method. The results of this study indicated that wages, education and training affect the productivity of private vocational school teachers in Palembang. The coefficient of determination for the variable of wages, education and training was 65%. It showed that wages, education, and training had 65% effects on productivity and the remaining 35% was influenced by other variables. As the research results show, the productivity was very important in measuring the success of an employee. It can be seen by paying attention to the level of wages, education and training participated by teachers in a school institution, especially in Palembang.

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ARI PURWANTO, RENDI, I. GEDE PUTU WARKA, and ISYA ASHARI. "ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA DI AREA PELABUHAN (STUDI PADA PT. ASDP WILAYAH KERJA KAYANGAN LOMBOK TIMUR)." GANEC SWARA 13, no. 1 (2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35327/gara.v13i1.60.

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This study aims to determine the effect of age, work experience, expertise of workers, health of workers, suitability of wages, field conditions and tools on the level of labor productivity in Kayangan port business and KMP Dingkis especially in cleaning services and kepil. Data analysis in this study uses the help of SPSS Software. In this study multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the direction of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable whether each independent variable is positively or negatively related and to predict the value of the dependent variable if the value of the independent variable increases or decreases. Data used is interval or ratio scale. From the results of the analysis that has been carried out the level of productivity of workers in the cleaning service and kepil work at PT. ASDP East Lombok Kayangan Work Area is 85.53%, meaning that the productivity level is very good. Simultaneously age, experience, expertise. health, wage suitability, field conditions and supporting facilities have a significant effect on labor productivity, with F test (10,568)> F table (2,148). The partial dominant influence on labor productivity is: labor wages, supporting facilities, health and labor experience. This can be seen from T count> T table, while age, expertise and field conditions affect productivity but not real, because T count <T table. Simultaneously all variables have a significant effect because they have an R value or a high correlation of 0.722. The most dominant variable influencing labor productivity is wage suitability.

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Kuznetsova, Alfiya, Almir Askarov, Rasul Gusmanov, Aigul Askarova, and Paula Pypłacz. "DIFFERENTIATION OF LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL AND WAGES AS A BASIS FOR CHANGES IN LABOR MARKET." Polish Journal of Management Studies 20, no. 2 (2019): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2019.20.2.29.

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Snell, Andy, and Jonathan P. Thomas. "Labor Contracts, Equal Treatment, and Wage-Unemployment Dynamics." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 2, no. 3 (2010): 98–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.2.3.98.

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This paper analyses a model in which firms cannot pay discriminate based on year of entry. It is assumed that workers can costlessly quit at any time, while firms are committed to contracts. We solve for the dynamics of wages and unemployment, and show that real wages display a degree of downward rigidity and do not necessarily clear the labor market. Using sectoral productivity data from the post-war US economy, we assess the ability of the model to match the actual unemployment series. We also show that equal treatment follows from the assumption of at-will employment contracting in our model. (JEL E24, E32, J31, J41)

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Ozturk, Mustafa, Serdar Durdyev, Osman Nuri Aras, Syuhaida Ismail, and Nerija Banaitienė. "HOW EFFECTIVE ARE LABOR WAGES ON LABOR PRODUCTIVITY?: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY OF NEW ZEALAND." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 26, no. 1 (2020): 258–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2020.11917.

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This study empirically investigates (for the period of 1983–2017) the relationships between the parameters (labour wage (LW), labour productivity (LP) and unemployment (UNM) rate) of the construction sector in New Zealand. This study employs the Johansen co-integration test to determine if the relationship in the long run does exist among the investigated variables as well as to assess the relationships. The results show that the LW has a positive effect on the LP, while the UNM affects negatively, which indicates that the higher salary, the more productive labour. In other words, increase in salary stimulates the belief of the workforce that they are substantially paid for their work, which ultimately increases their trust and loyalty to the employer; hence, productivity. Moreover, the results show adverse effect of UNM on LP, which indicates that labours may also lose his/her productivity due to fear of losing his/her job. The model stability is verified by Histogram Normality Test, Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation, Heteroscedasticity Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey tests. Thus, the forefront of the construction sector is recommended to consider the empirical relationships determined in this study in order to improve the productivity level at various levels.

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Savina, S. V. "Labor remuneration in modern conditions: all-Russian and regional contexts." Normirovanie i oplata truda v promyshlennosti (Rationing and remuneration of labor in industry), no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-3-2106-02.

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Currently, the main problems in the field of remuneration include the low level of wages, low purchasing power of wages, the undervalued share of wages in the gross domestic product (GDP), unreasonably high differentiation between the highest paid and the least paid categories of staff, the presence of a significant interregional differentiation in the field of remuneration and a number of others. The presence of the above-mentioned problems hinders the modernization of production and innovative development of the economy. Without investing in human capital, human development and professional development, without improving the professionalism, qualification and intellectual level of the staff, it is impossible to achieve success. Increasing productivity and labor efficiency is one of the key conditions for boosting the financial capabilities of the enterprise, allowing to invest in new technologies.

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Basovskaya, Elena, and Leonid Basovskiy. "Elasticity of Labor Productivity by Production Factors in the Regions of Russia." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 8, no. 6 (2020): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2020-18-21.

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On the basis of models of production functions with an explanation level of 80-90%, built using cross-sectional data for the regions of the country, partial values of the coefficients of elasticity of labor productivity by production factors were obtained. Partial (regional) values of the coefficients of elasticity of labor productivity are calculated using the particular regression equations of models of production functions. The factors included the capital-labor ratio, wages, the price index of industrial goods, the coefficient of funds (an indicator of income inequality), the share of exports in the gross regional product. The regions are identified in which these factors have the maximum and minimum impact on labor productivity.

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Cushman, David O. "The Effects of Real Wages and Labor Productivity on Foreign Direct Investment." Southern Economic Journal 54, no. 1 (1987): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1058813.

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Hunter, Natalie J. "Book Review: Labor Economics: Skills, Wages, and Productivity in the Service Sector." ILR Review 45, no. 4 (1992): 825–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399204500429.

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Huther, J. "Relating labor productivity to wages in service sectors: a long‐run approach." Economic Inquiry 38, no. 1 (2000): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2000.tb00007.x.

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