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Journal articles on the topic 'Wagner Grading System'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Jun, Dongkeun, Yongseok Kwon, Jaehyun Bae, et al. "Using DIRECT Wound Assessment to Predict Limb Salvage and Provide Prognosis of Diabetic Foot Ulcers." Journal of Wound Management and Research 17, no. 1 (2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22467/jwmr.2020.01368.

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Background: Many wound assessment systems including the Wagner classification and University of Texas (UT) grading system have been previously described. The authors of this study applied the DIRECT (Debridement of necrosis, Infection control, Revascularization, Exudate control, Chronicity, and Top surface) wound coding system for initial assessment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) to predict limb salvage and prognosis.<br/>Methods: From January 2016 to February 2020, a total of 169 first-time DFU patients were retrospectively evaluated using the DIRECT wound coding assessment system. DFUs

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Oley, Mendy Hatibie, Maximillian Christian Oley, Billy Johnson Kepel, et al. "Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Diabetic Foot Ulcers Based on Wagner Grading: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 12, no. 3 (2024): e5692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000005692.

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Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are common complications of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus that can result in infection and amputation of the lower extremities. This study compared the benefits and risks of hyperbaric oxygen therapy with those of other DFU treatments, based on the Wagner grading system. Methods: Systematic searches for randomly controlled trials using hyperbaric oxygen therapy for DFUs were performed using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase. Data regarding demographics, wound healing, minor and major amputations, operative debridement, nonhealing wounds, and adve

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Rakesh, Kumar Thakur, and Shankar Prasad Vijay. "Study of Risk Factors and Outcome Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Tertiary Care Hospital." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 4 (2024): 932–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11180266.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Diabetes Mellitus, which affects the vascular, neurological, skeletal, immunological, and integumentary systems, is a prevalent health issue around the world. The purpose of this research is to identify the risk factors that negatively impact treatment outcomes and to assess and highlight the management outcomes for diabetic foot in the province of tertiary care hospitals. <strong>Methods: </strong>This study comprised fifty patients who had been diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcers, or DFUs. The lesions were treated with triple antibiotic therapy, ex

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Buchstaller, Isabelle. "Exploring linguistic malleability across the life span: Age-specific patterns in quotative use." Language in Society 44, no. 4 (2015): 457–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404515000391.

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AbstractThis article explores the degree and kind of lability that occurs throughout the life span of the individual during ongoing rapid change in the quotative system. Two comparative analyses trace speakers' use ofbe likeacross a shorter and a longer time span. Trend data reveal that the robust change is arrested in the middle age brackets; speakers in their thirties seem to display ‘retrograde movement’ (Sankoff & Wagner 2006) away from the community-wide change. This finding could be interpreted as incipient age-grading. A small-scale panel sample collected forty-two years after the i

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Manimozhi, K., D. Lokeshvaran, P. Theesmi Bershani, J. Jayaseelan, and D. G. Abinish. "Knowledge, attitude, and practice assessment in diabetic foot ulcer grading: a prospective cohort observational study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 11, no. 12 (2024): 4849–54. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20243654.

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Background: Diabetes is a group of disorders marked by chronic high blood sugar due to issues with insulin. It includes type 1, type 2, genetic and drug-induced types, and gestational diabetes. A serious complication of diabetes is diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), caused by peripheral neuropathy, vascular problems, and infections, which can lead to severe outcomes like amputations. Methods: A prospective cohort observational study was conducted over six months at a tertiary care teaching hospital involving 163 diabetic patients with foot ulcers, aged 20 to 80. The study assessed knowledge, attitud

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Surriah, Mohammed Hillu, Amir Naif Kadum Al-Imari, Amine Mohammed Bakkour, and Riad Rahman Jallod Al-Asadi. "Predictive value of the risk factors for amputation of lower extremity in patients with diabetic foot in Al-Karama teaching hospital." International Surgery Journal 6, no. 5 (2019): 1549. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20191511.

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Background: Diabetic foot disease is a foot that exhibits any pathology that results directly from diabetic mellitus or any long-term chronic complication of diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors and indications for amputations among diabetics.Methods: this clinical prospective study includes 120 diabetic foot patients admitted to AL- Karama teaching hospital from 1st January 2015 to 1st January 2019. All patients assessed for age, gender, duration of diabetes, hyperglycemia at admission and control of diabetes, history of smoking, hypertension, assess domin

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Gaddafi, AL, DK Das, G. Faruque, et al. "Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in a Tertiary Level Hospital-Faridpur." Bangladesh Heart Journal 34, no. 1 (2019): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bhj.v34i1.41908.

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A descriptive type of cross sectional study among 210 diabetic patients with foot ulcer was carried out in Diabetic Association Medical College during the period of May 2016 to April 2017 and were categorized based on Meggitt-Wagner system to find out the complications, management, below knee amputation rate and mortality rate. The aim of this study was to practise a profile of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), complications and its management to assess the outcome of the surgical interventions. Majority of the patients were male 112(53%), and most of them 116 patients (55.23%) presented within Wegne

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Maitra, Tapash Kumar, Mahmud Ekramullah, Md Golam Rahman, Faruquzzaman, and Samar Chandra Saha. "Microbiological Pattern and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Infected Chronic Foot Ulcer among the Diabetic Patients in BIRDEM Hospital." Ibrahim Cardiac Medical Journal 6, no. 1-2 (2018): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icmj.v6i1-2.53760.

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Background: Foot infections are one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus and are significant risk factors for lower extremity amputation. Providing effective antimicrobial therapy is an important component in treating these infections, which requires information about pattern of bacterial growth and their antibiotic susceptibility. This study was designed to investigate the microbial pattern of diabetic foot infections and their antibiotic susceptibility. Methodology: This prospective study was conducted in Surgery Unit 1 of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Development in

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Ifrath Nusaiba and Panimalar Veeramani. "Prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy in hypertensive patients." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 13, no. 2 (2022): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i2.91.

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Hypertension manifests in the eyes as retinopathy, choroidopathy and optic neuropathy of which retinopathy can be used as a predictor for systemic morbidities and mortalities. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of retinopathy in hypertensive patients and determine the correlation of retinopathy with parameters like age, sex, duration of hypertension, severity of hypertension and control of hypertension. This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study done in patients attending our hospital between January to March 2019 comprising of 200 patients. The grading of retinopa

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Punia, Rajpal Singh, Reetu Kundu, Vikram Jassal, Ashok Kumar Attri, and Jagdish Chander. "Clinico-microbiological study of diabetic limb amputations in a tertiary care hospital in North India." Diabetes mellitus 18, no. 2 (2015): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/dm2015279-83.

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The diabetic population faces 80% increased risk of cellulitis, 4-fold increased risk of osteomyelitis and 2-fold risk of both sepsis and death caused by infections.Study objectives. The present study was carried out to assess the clinical aspects and microbiological profile of organisms isolated from 25 patients undergoing diabetic limb amputations.Materials and Methods. In 25 diabetes persons who underwent limb amputation, grading of ulcers was done according to Wagner system. Material was stained with Gram stain. Potassium hydroxide wet mounts were also studied. Culture was done in blood ag

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Salam, Md Abdus, Md Raihan Kabir Ziko, Arefin Naher Oishee, et al. "Factors associated with severity and anatomical distribution of diabetic foot ulcer in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study." Medicine 103, no. 46 (2024): e40510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000040510.

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Diabetic foot ulcers are characterized by disturbances in the epidermis and/or a portion of the dermis in patients with the disease. With over a million amputations performed annually, it has also emerged as one of the primary causes of lower limb amputation globally. To better understand the severity and anatomical distribution of ulcerated areas in patients with type II diabetes mellitus, this study aimed to identify the factors associated with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at M Abdur Rahim Medical College Hospital in Dinajpur, Bangladesh,

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Villegas-Ch, William, Angel Jaramillo-Alcázar, and Sergio Luján-Mora. "Evaluating the Robustness of Deep Learning Models against Adversarial Attacks: An Analysis with FGSM, PGD and CW." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 8, no. 1 (2024): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8010008.

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This study evaluated the generation of adversarial examples and the subsequent robustness of an image classification model. The attacks were performed using the Fast Gradient Sign method, the Projected Gradient Descent method, and the Carlini and Wagner attack to perturb the original images and analyze their impact on the model’s classification accuracy. Additionally, image manipulation techniques were investigated as defensive measures against adversarial attacks. The results highlighted the model’s vulnerability to conflicting examples: the Fast Gradient Signed Method effectively altered the

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Aissopou, Evaggelia K., Miltiadis Papathanassiou, Efthimia G. Nasothimiou, et al. "The Keith–Wagener–Barker and Mitchell–Wong grading systems for hypertensive retinopathy." Journal of Hypertension 33, no. 11 (2015): 2303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0000000000000702.

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Wills, A. J., and I. P. L. McLaren. "Generalization in Human Category Learning: A Connectionist Account of Differences in Gradient after Discriminative and Non discriminative Training." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 50, no. 3 (1997): 607–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/027249897392044.

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Two experiments are reported that investigate the difference in gradient of generalization observed between one-category (non-discriminative) and two-category (discriminative) training. Extrapolating from the results of a number of animal learning studies, it was predicted that the gradient should be steeper under discriminative training. The first experiment confirms this basic prediction for the stimuli used, which were novel, prototype-structured, and constructed from 12 symbols positioned on a grid. An explanation for the effect, based on the Rescorla-Wagner theory of Pavlovian conditionin

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Schlichting, André. "Macroscopic limit of the Becker–Döring equation via gradient flows." ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations 25 (2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv/2018011.

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This work considers gradient structures for the Becker–Döring equation and its macroscopic limits. The result of Niethammer [J. Nonlinear Sci. 13 (2003) 115–122] is extended to prove the convergence not only for solutions of the Becker–Döring equation towards the Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner equation of coarsening, but also the convergence of the associated gradient structures. We establish the gradient structure of the nonlocal coarsening equation rigorously and show continuous dependence on the initial data within this framework. Further, on the considered time scale the small cluster distributio

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Emmanuel Ayodeji Osoko, Shukurat Opeyemi Rahmon, and Muhammed Azeez. "Enhancing the security of AI-driven autonomous systems through adversarially robust deep learning models." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 1 (2023): 1336–51. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.1.2158.

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Adversarial attacks pose a significant threat to AI-driven autonomous systems by exploiting vulnerabilities in deep learning models, leading to erroneous decision-making in safety-critical applications. This study investigates the effectiveness of adversarial training as a defense mechanism to enhance model robustness against adversarial perturbations. We evaluate multiple deep learning architectures subjected to Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM), Projected Gradient Descent (PGD), and Carlini & Wagner (CW) attacks, comparing adversarially trained models with standard models in terms of accu

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Huang, Shize, Xiaowen Liu, Xiaolu Yang, Zhaoxin Zhang, and Lingyu Yang. "Two Improved Methods of Generating Adversarial Examples against Faster R-CNNs for Tram Environment Perception Systems." Complexity 2020 (September 22, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6814263.

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Trams have increasingly deployed object detectors to perceive running conditions, and deep learning networks have been widely adopted by those detectors. Growing neural networks have incurred severe attacks such as adversarial example attacks, imposing threats to tram safety. Only if adversarial attacks are studied thoroughly, researchers can come up with better defence methods against them. However, most existing methods of generating adversarial examples have been devoted to classification, and none of them target tram environment perception systems. In this paper, we propose an improved pro

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Wang, Guohua, and Qifan Yan. "A Method for Improving the Robustness of Intrusion Detection Systems Based on Auxiliary Adversarial Training Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks." Electronics 14, no. 11 (2025): 2171. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14112171.

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To improve the robustness of intrusion detection systems constructed using deep learning models, a method based on an auxiliary adversarial training WGAN (AuxAtWGAN) is proposed from the defender’s perspective. First, one-dimensional traffic data are downscaled and processed into two-dimensional image data via a stacked autoencoder (SAE), and mixed adversarial samples are generated using the fast gradient sign method (FGSM), Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) and Carlini and Wagner (C&W) adversarial attacks. Second, the improved WGAN with an integrated perceptual network module is trained wi

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Yuzuguldu, Burak, Bugra Zengin, Ilgin Yildirim Simsir, and Sevki Cetinkalp. "An Overview of Risk Factors for Diabetic Foot Amputation: An Observational, Single-centre, Retrospective Cohort Study." European Endocrinology 19, no. 1 (2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/ee.2023.19.1.85.

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Introduction: Not only are early detection and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers important, but also acknowledging potential risk factors for amputation gives clinicians a considerable advantage in preventing amputations. Amputations impact both healthcare services and the physical and mental health of patients. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Methods: The sample for this study was patients with diabetic foot ulcers who were treated by the diabetic foot council at our hospital between 2005 and 2020. A total of 32 risk facto

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Bastola, P., CB Pun, S. Koirala, and UK Shrestha. "Fasting serum lipids and fundus changes in hypertensive patients." Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences 1, no. 2 (2012): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v1i2.6609.

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Background: To evaluate fasting serum lipid profile and fundus changes in hypertensive patients,and grade the hypertensive status. Methods: One hundred consecutive subjects of hypertension, fitting inclusion criteria, with or without prior history of antihypertensive treatment were enrolled in a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Classification of hypertension was done based on The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC 7). All the subjects (200 eyes) were subjected to a detailed fundus examination Fundus changes were classified according to Keith, Wagener and Barker (KWB), and M

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Olutimehin, Abayomi Titilola, Adekunbi Justina Ajayi, Olufunke Cynthia Metibemu, Adebayo Yusuf Balogun, Tunbosun Oyewale Oladoyinbo, and Oluwaseun Oladeji Olaniyi. "Adversarial Threats to AI-Driven Systems: Exploring the Attack Surface of Machine Learning Models and Countermeasures." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports 27, no. 2 (2025): 341–62. https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2025/v27i21413.

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Adversarial attacks pose a critical threat to the reliability of AI-driven systems, exploiting vulnerabilities at the data, model, and deployment levels. This study employs a quantitative analysis using the CIFAR-10 Adversarial Examples Dataset from IBM’s Adversarial Robustness Toolbox and the MITRE ATLAS AI Model Vulnerabilities Dataset to assess attack success rates and attack surface exposure. A convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier was evaluated against Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM), Projected Gradient Descent (PGD), and Carlini & Wagner (C&W) attacks, yielding misclassi

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Park, Jihyeon, and Jaeyoung Lee. "Performance Prediction of Alkaline Fuel Cell Via Gradient Boosting Algorithm." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 35 (2022): 1508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01351508mtgabs.

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With the DFT theory at the forefront, non-PGM catalysts have begun to develop, and in much literature, results have shown that the performance of non-PGM catalysts is comparable to that of PGM catalysts. Jing et. al. synthesized Fe-Co dual sites on nitrogen-doped carbon for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). (FeCo)/N-C had almost equal half-wave potential to commercial Pt/C.[1] Hanguang et. al. achieved high ORR-activated Fe-N-C catalysts by tuning the doped Fe content and active sites.[2] However, if both (FeCo)/N-C and Fe-N-C were applied to PEMFC, they were not comparable to PGM catalysts unl

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Kebiat, Mukuze, Ndhlovu Pilot, and Mukwasi Ruth. "An exploration of strategies to restore morale in non-academic staff in the higher education sector: A case of Chinhoyi University of Technology." International Journal of economics business and human behaviour 2, no. 4 (2022): 54–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5894665.

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The study sought to explore strategies to restore morale in non academic staff in higher education sector with specific reference to Chinhoyi University of Technology. In February and March 2021, the study was conducted using a qualitative research approach and a case study research design. The data gathering tools used were an in-depth interview guide and document review, with a sample size of twenty (20) participants. The absence of upward mobility and management's inconsistent approach were determined to be the main reasons of employee demoralization in the study.Wage differentials nega

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Grinnell, B. W., and R. R. Wagner. "Inhibition of DNA-dependent transcription by the leader RNA of vesicular stomatitis virus: role of specific nucleotide sequences and cell protein binding." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 10 (1985): 2502–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.10.2502-2513.1985.

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The leader RNA transcript of vesicular stomatitis virus inhibits transcription of the adenovirus major late promoter and virus-associated genes in a soluble HeLa cell transcription system. We examined the specific nucleotide sequence involved and the potential role of leader-protein interactions in this inhibition of RNA polymerase II- and III-directed transcription. Using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides homologous to regions of the leader RNA molecule, we extend our previous results (B.W. Grinnell and R.R. Wagner, Cell 36:533-543, 1984) that suggest a role for the AU-rich region of the leader

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Grinnell, B. W., and R. R. Wagner. "Inhibition of DNA-dependent transcription by the leader RNA of vesicular stomatitis virus: role of specific nucleotide sequences and cell protein binding." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 10 (1985): 2502–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.10.2502.

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The leader RNA transcript of vesicular stomatitis virus inhibits transcription of the adenovirus major late promoter and virus-associated genes in a soluble HeLa cell transcription system. We examined the specific nucleotide sequence involved and the potential role of leader-protein interactions in this inhibition of RNA polymerase II- and III-directed transcription. Using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides homologous to regions of the leader RNA molecule, we extend our previous results (B.W. Grinnell and R.R. Wagner, Cell 36:533-543, 1984) that suggest a role for the AU-rich region of the leader

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McDonald, Daniel, John Schuler, Istvan Takacs, Jean Peng, Joseph Jenrette, and Kenneth Vanek. "Comparison of radiation dose spillage from the Gamma Knife Perfexion with that from volumetric modulated arc radiosurgery during treatment of multiple brain metastases in a single fraction." Journal of Neurosurgery 121, Suppl_2 (2014): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.7.gks141358.

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ObjectThe objective of this study was to examine radiation dose distributions created by 2 competing radiosurgery modalities for treating multiple brain metastases: single-isocenter volumetric modulated arc radiosurgery (VMAS) and Gamma Knife Perfexion (GKP). In addition, the effectiveness of multiple radiosurgery quality metrics was evaluated and compared between these advanced treatment modalities.MethodsSeven anonymized MRI data sets, each showing 2–5 metastases, were used to create plans on each system. The GammaPlan (version 10.1) program was used for planning of GKP. A neurosurgeon conto

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Mohamed, Hosny, Abdelwahab Khaled, Mohammed Magdy, and Khaled Hassan. "Procalcitonin as an early diagnostic marker for septic complications in the immediate postoperative setting after Living Donor Liver Transplantation (LDLT)." Biolife 5, no. 3 (2022): 342–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7370950.

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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> <strong><em>Background:</em></strong> Infection and rejection are the most common complications after liver transplantation. Both may develop during initial post-operative progress. Early differentiation is important for determination of the appropriate treatment. Objective: To investigate the ability of procalcitonin (PCT) in differentiation between infection and rejection in complicated cases in the immediate post-operative setting after LDLT. <strong><em>Method:</em></strong> The study includes 40 cases post liver transplantation. All adult patients underwent post-

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Liao, Xincheng, Zhengying Jiang, Zhonghua Fu, Mingzhuo Liu, and Guanghua Guo. "LncRNA SNHG14 Drives NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Mechanistic Insights and Diagnostic Implications." International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, May 7, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1177/15347346251339713.

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Background Diabetic foot (DF), a severe complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), poses significant challenges in early diagnosis and mechanistic understanding. This study investigates the expression patterns and clinical relevance of long non-coding RNA SNHG14 (lncRNA SNHG14) and the NLRP3 inflammasome in DF pathogenesis. Methods A total of 176 DM patients (88 DF cases vs 88 Non-DF controls) admitted between September 2022 and February 2024 were enrolled. Serum SNHG14 and NLRP3 levels were quantified via qRT-PCR, while DF severity was categorized using the Wagner grading system. Pearson's corre

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Hsu, Limei, Le Li, and Lee Yam Poon. "Analysis of risk factors of infection in diabetic foot patients." International Wound Journal, September 20, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iwj.14411.

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AbstractThis cross‐sectional study assessed the risk factors for infection in 150 diabetic foot patients admitted to the Xiamen University Hospital between October 2020 and October 2022. Patients were categorised as infected (n = 80) or uninfected (n = 70) cohorts. The diabetic foot was evaluated using the American Diabetic Foot Grading system, whereas ulcers were categorised using Wagner's method. Analysed were patient‐specific information, clinical data and risk factors including neuropathy, arterial disease and foot deformities. Our findings revealed no statistically significant differences

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Benyakorn, Thoetphum, and Saritphat Orrapin. "Association Between the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS)-WIfI (Wound, Ischemia, Foot Infection) Classification, Wagner-Meggitt Classification, and Amputation Rate in Patients With Diabetic Foot Infection." International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, October 19, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15347346231208342.

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Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is a common problem in patients with diabetic foot disease. Amputations and other complications of DFI lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS)-WIfI (wound, ischemia, and foot infection) classification system can evaluate the benefit from revascularization and the risk of amputation in 1 and 3 years. We aimed to evaluate SVS-WIfI and Wagner-Meggitt (WM) prediction of DFI outcome, and to determine factors associated with major amputation and mortality rate. The patients with diabetes who presented between June 2018 and May

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Liao, Xuan, Sheng-Hong Li, Mariya Mohamad El Akkawi, Xiao-bing Fu, Hong-wei Liu, and Yue-sheng Huang. "Surgical amputation for patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A Chinese expert panel consensus treatment guide." Frontiers in Surgery 9 (November 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2022.1003339.

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BackgroundDiabetic foot disease is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. Patients with diabetes mellitus have a 25% lifetime risk for developing a foot ulcer, and between 14% and 24% of patients require a major or minor lower limb amputation due to severe gangrene. However, decisions concerning whether to amputate or whether to perform a major or minor lower limb amputation, and how best to determine the amputation plane remain unclear.MethodsTo consolidate the current literature with expert opinion to make recommendations that will guide surgical amputation for patients with diabetic f

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Triwijoyo, Bambang Krismono, Boy Subirosa Sabarguna, Widodo Budiharto, and Edi Abdurachman. "New Hypertensive Retinopathy Grading Based on the Ratio of Artery Venous Diameter from Retinal Image." International Journal of Computing, June 28, 2021, 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47839/ijc.20.2.2169.

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Medical research indicated that narrowing of the retinal blood vessels might be an early indicator of cardiovascular diseases; one of them is hypertensive retinopathy. This paper proposed the new staging method of hypertensive retinopathy by measure the ratio of diameter artery and vein (AVR). The dataset used in this research is the public Messidor color fundus image dataset. The proposed method consists of image resizing using bicubic interpolation, optic disk detection, a region of interest computation, vessel diameter measuring, AVR calculation, and grading the new categories of Hypertensi

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R, Anunitha, Sangeetha T, and Shasirekha C.A. "Linking diabetic retinopathy with foot ulcer severity among diabetic patients." Bioinformation 21, no. 05 (2025). https://doi.org/10.6026/973206300211007.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are common complications of diabetes mellitus, both driven by chronic hyper-glycemia. A significant correlation between Diabetic retinopathy severity and diabetic foot ulcers grade, as well as with elevated HbA1c levels was found among 62 patients in this cross-sectional study. Diabetic retinopathy was classified using the ETDRS system and diabetic foot ulcers by Wagner's grading. The results highlight Diabetic retinopathy as a potential clinical marker for diabetic foot ulcers progression. Integrating retinal evaluation in patients wit

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Taha, Nesrin F., and Laila H. Emara. "Discriminative Power of the Flow through Cell Dissolution Tester in Predicting the In Vivo Performance of Pentoxifylline SR Product under Fed and Fasting Conditions." AAPS PharmSciTech 25, no. 7 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-024-02956-x.

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AbstractThis study explored, for the first time the role of different designs of the Flow-Through-Cell (FTC, USP IV) dissolution Tester in predicting the in-vivo performance of Pentoxifylline (PTX) sustained-release (SR) market product, under fed & fasting conditions. Release studies of Trental® SR 400 mg (Sanofi, Egypt), were carried-out in the FTC under different conditions, including: different volumes / compositions of release media, variable FTC flow patterns as well as applying open / closed loop configuration setups. Pharmacokinetic (PK) data, obtained from literature, were converte

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