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1
Sullivan, B., and L. Tuffery-Huria. "New Zealand: Wai 262 report and after." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 9, no. 5 (2014): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpu040.
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Williams, David V. "Ko Aotearoa Tenei: Law and Policy Affecting Maori Culture and Identity." International Journal of Cultural Property 20, no. 3 (2013): 311–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739113000143.
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AbstractIn July 2011 what is commonly known as the Wai 262 Report was released. After a protracted series of hearings, dating back to 1997, the New Zealand Waitangi Tribunal has at last reported on the some of the wide range of issues canvassed in those hearings. Three beautifully illustrated volumes contain a large number of recommendations in what is described as a whole-of-government report. This article notes earlier comments on Wai 262 in this journal and reframes what is often known as the ‘Maori renaissance’ from which this claim emerged in 1991. The Tribunal decided not to discuss historical aspects of the evidence presented, except for the Tohunga Suppression Act 1907, as this was not ‘an orthodox territorial claim’ allowing the Crown to negotiate with iwi for a Treaty Settlement. Of great significance for this readership, the Tribunal staunchly refused to entertain any discussion of ‘ownership’ claims to Maori cultural property. Rather, the Tribunal focussed on ‘perfecting the Treaty partnership’ between the two founding peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand. Its report is concerned with the future and with the Treaty of Waitangi when the nation has moved beyond the grievance mode that has dominated the last quarter century. The partnership principles are pragmatic and flexible. Very seldom indeed can Maori expect to regain full authority over their treasured properties and resources. The eight major topics of the chapters on intellectual property, genetic and biological resources, the environment, the conservation estate, the Maori language, Maori knowledge systems, Maori medicines and international instruments are briefly summarised. The author is critical of this Tribunal panel's timidity in refusing to make strong findings of Treaty breach as the basis for practical recommendations—the approach usually adopted in previous Tribunal reports on contemporary issues. The article then notes that the Wai 262 report featured significantly in 2012 hearings on Maori claims to proprietary rights in freshwater resources. It featured not to assist the freshwater claimants, however, but as a shield wielded by the Crown to try to deny Maori any remedy.The low bar of partnership consultations encouraged by the Wai 262 report was congenial for Crown counsel seeking to undermine Maori claims to customary rights akin to ‘ownership’ of water. The 2012 Tribunal panel, under a new Chief Judge, restrictively distinguished the Wai 262 report and found in favour of Maori rights to water. In conclusion, the article notes the irony of a government following neo-liberal policies in pursuing a privatisation strategy and yet relying on ‘commons’ rhetoric to deny Maori any enforceable rights to water; and of indigenous people arguing for ownership property rights to frustrate that government's policies.
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Houghton, Jayden. "Wai 262 Response: A Whole-of-Government Approach?" Legalities 4, no. 2 (2024): 196–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/legal.2024.0075.
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In 1991, six Māori claimant groups sought the Waitangi Tribunal’s findings that the Crown had breached its Treaty of Waitangi guarantee to allow Māori to exercise tino rangatiratanga (the unqualified exercise of our chieftainship) over our mātauranga Māori (the body of knowledge originating from Māori ancestors, including the Māori worldview and cultural practices) and taonga (tangible and intangible treasures). In 2011, the Tribunal publicly released its full report on the claim. Since then, the New Zealand Government has been working out its response, internally at first and publicly since announcing Te Pae Tawhiti (a work programme to address the Crown’s breaches) in 2019. Māori have repeatedly asked that the Government’s response take a whole-of-government approach. This article demonstrates that the current response falls short of a whole-of-government approach and reiterates that a whole-of-government approach is required to appropriately address the scale of the impact of Wai 262 on governance in New Zealand. The article then provides guidance for the Government to learn from its own experience, as well as international experiences, with whole-of-government approaches, to develop a whole-of-government response that enables it to adequately respond to Wai 262. The article considers why a whole-of-government response is necessary, surveys the work the Government has done to make its response whole-of-government and identifies issues with the Government’s approach, before using scholarship and case studies in Australia and Hong Kong to urge the New Zealand Government to reconsider its approach to whole-of-government responses generally. The article contributes to the literature by presenting findings from Official Information Act requests in 2018, 2020 and 2022 to seven Te Pae Tawhiti-engaged Government agencies and interrogating the concept of a whole-of-government response in the New Zealand context. The insights will help Māori and others to hold the Government accountable as the Treaty partners progress Te Pae Tawhiti.
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Kapa-Kingi, Eru. "Kia Tāwharautia Te Mātauranga Māori: Decolonising the Intellectual Property Regime in Aotearoa New Zealand." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 51, no. 4 (2020): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v51i4.6701.
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This article explores ways to decolonise aspects of the intellectual property system in Aotearoa New Zealand, primarily in respect of trade marks. It considers the seminal Wai 262 report of the Waitangi Tribunal and builds upon its findings and recommendations, while also offering new ideas of legal reform for protecting mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge and expertise) from undue exploitation. This article also measures those ideas against the objectives and principles of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), as well as other internationally recognised rights. Essentially, this article maintains that for any mechanism to be effective in recognising and upholding the tino rangatiratanga (unqualified self-determination) of Māori over their own mātauranga, that mechanism must be founded upon the principles of tikanga Māori (Māori laws and customs), which is a notion crystallised within the Treaty of Waitangi/Te Tiriti o Waitangi. It must also find its own meaningful place in the law of New Zealand that surrounds us today. It is only in this way that the extractive and thereby oppressive binds of the western intellectual property regime can be unpicked and put aside and the tapu (high status and associated sanctity) of mātauranga can be upheld. These words are also an honouring of those who spent countless hours on the Wai 262 report. It is hoped this article gives new and much needed life to the issue of protecting mātauranga Māori, which is still as relevant today as it was then. Kei aku rangatira, kei aku tapaeru, kei aku whakaruakākā, tēnei e ngākau whakaiti nei (an acknowledgement of all those who took part in Wai 262).
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Houghton, Jayden. "The New Zealand government's response to the Wai 262 report: the first ten years." International Journal of Human Rights 25, no. 5 (2021): 870–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2020.1859480.
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Stephens, Māmari. "Taonga, Rights and Interests: Some Observations on WAI 262 and the Framework of Protections for the Māori Language." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 42, no. 2 (2011): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v42i2.5135.
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In October 2010 the Waitangi Tribunal released the first chapter of its long-awaited report of the WAI 262 enquiry into indigenous flora and fauna and Māori intellectual property. This chapter focuses on aspects of the claim relating to the Māori language and critiques the development of Māori and Crown generated initiatives to protect and revitalise te reo Māori, including the Māori Language Strategy (Te Rautaki Reo Māori). The Tribunal argues that the Crown must ultimately become Māori speaking. Consideration of this report and the legal protections in place for the Māori language reveals a framework that is incoherent, and largely incapable of achieving the Tribunal's goal, or even of fully protecting what the Tribunal described as "a taonga of quite transcendent importance".
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Geismar, Haidy. "Resisting settler-colonial property relations? The WAI 262 claim and report in Aotearoa New Zealand." Settler Colonial Studies 3, no. 2 (2013): 230–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2201473x.2013.781923.
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Palavi, Vasiti, Nicola Railton, and Sheridan Waitai. "Collaborative Kaitiakitanga - New Joint Pathways in Guardianship." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e26954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26954.
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Ehara taku toa i te toa takitahi Engari, he toa takitini - Success is not the work of one, but the strength of many. This metaphor encapsulates the collaborative sharing of knowledge, collections and aspirations held by communities and Museums to create new, mutually beneficial research pathway and community outcomes for all. Ngāti Kurī is descended from the founding people of the northernmost peninsula of Aotearoa - Te Hiku o Te Ika. The mana and rangatiratanga of Ngāti Kurī extends into a number of ecological biogeographically significant sites on the whenua (the land) and moana (sea) - Rangitāhua (Kermadec Islands) an international marine reserve, Manawatawhi (Three Kings Islands) a nature reserve and Te Hiku o Te Ika (mainland) including Kapowairua .There are many unique species that have been found within their rohe (territorial lands) and are important centres of endemism. Ngāti Kurī settled their treaty claim in 2014 and was a key claimant in Waitangi Tribunal claim no. 262 (WAI 262) relating to Maori intellectual property rights particularly relating to flora and fauna. Ngāti Kurī aim to reclaim, restore (knowledge and practises), revitalise and rejuvenate themselves and the environments they have inherited in the sea and on land. To realise this vision Ngāti Kurī partnered with a number of scientific partners on a "Pupuri Mauhanga o Ngāti Kurī " (species stocktake/inventory).The key objective of this project being to strengthen their kaitiakitanga - build community resilience, capacity and capability which are aligned to WAI 262 and integrated into their strategic vision - Ara Whanui (Many pathways) and Te Haumihi (ecological restoration plan) for their rohe. The resulting species lists will form the baseline data to develop strategies and tactics for the management and rejuvenation of taonga (treasured) species in their rohe. In March 2018 Ngāti Kurī partnered with Tāmaki Paenga Hira Auckland Museum to undertake a BioBlitz (https://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/science/plants-animals-fungi/bioblitz) in their rohe (territorial lands).This was part of a larger programme of work documenting biodiversity combining both scientific and Mātauranga (Maori indigenous knowledge system) approaches. This unique model aims to empower intergenerational engagement and partnership with science in the natural environment, centred around tamariki (children) and instilling the responsibility of kaitiakitanga (guardianship). The results have been highly successful through this internationally significant approach. This approach will be described with highlights of the BioBlitz and larger biodiversity programme as an example of a successful bicultural relationship.
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Palavi, Vasiti, Nicola Railton, and Sheridan Waitai. "Collaborative Kaitiakitanga - New Joint Pathways in Guardianship." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e26954. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26954.
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Ehara taku toa i te toa takitahi Engari, he toa takitini - Success is not the work of one, but the strength of many. This metaphor encapsulates the collaborative sharing of knowledge, collections and aspirations held by communities and Museums to create new, mutually beneficial research pathway and community outcomes for all. Ngāti Kurī is descended from the founding people of the northernmost peninsula of Aotearoa - Te Hiku o Te Ika. The mana and rangatiratanga of Ngāti Kurī extends into a number of ecological biogeographically significant sites on the whenua (the land) and moana (sea) - Rangitāhua (Kermadec Islands) an international marine reserve, Manawatawhi (Three Kings Islands) a nature reserve and Te Hiku o Te Ika (mainland) including Kapowairua .There are many unique species that have been found within their rohe (territorial lands) and are important centres of endemism. Ngāti Kurī settled their treaty claim in 2014 and was a key claimant in Waitangi Tribunal claim no. 262 (WAI 262) relating to Maori intellectual property rights particularly relating to flora and fauna. Ngāti Kurī aim to reclaim, restore (knowledge and practises), revitalise and rejuvenate themselves and the environments they have inherited in the sea and on land. To realise this vision Ngāti Kurī partnered with a number of scientific partners on a "Pupuri Mauhanga o Ngāti Kurī " (species stocktake/inventory).The key objective of this project being to strengthen their kaitiakitanga - build community resilience, capacity and capability which are aligned to WAI 262 and integrated into their strategic vision - Ara Whanui (Many pathways) and Te Haumihi (ecological restoration plan) for their rohe. The resulting species lists will form the baseline data to develop strategies and tactics for the management and rejuvenation of taonga (treasured) species in their rohe. In March 2018 Ngāti Kurī partnered with Tāmaki Paenga Hira Auckland Museum to undertake a BioBlitz <u>(https://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/science/plants-animals-fungi/bioblitz)</u> in their rohe (territorial lands).This was part of a larger programme of work documenting biodiversity combining both scientific and Mātauranga (Maori indigenous knowledge system) approaches. This unique model aims to empower intergenerational engagement and partnership with science in the natural environment, centred around tamariki (children) and instilling the responsibility of kaitiakitanga (guardianship). The results have been highly successful through this internationally significant approach. This approach will be described with highlights of the BioBlitz and larger biodiversity programme as an example of a successful bicultural relationship.
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Lai, Jessica C. "Bicultural art: offensive to the Māori or acceptable freedom of expression? Wai 262, the ICCPR and NZBORA." Australian Journal of Human Rights 19, no. 2 (2013): 47–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1323-238x.2013.11882126.
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Barrett, Jonathan. "Time to Look Again? Copyright and Freedom of Panorama." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 48, no. 2 (2017): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v48i2.4740.
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Copyright grants exclusive rights to authors of qualifying works. However, the Copyright Act 1994 permits reproduction, communication and commercial exploitation of certain artistic works which are on permanent public display. This exclusion from copyright, which is widely referred to as "freedom of panorama", is distinguishable from other permitted uses which tend to be narrow in scope and commonly manifest an element of fair dealing. Like other corresponding provisions of British heritage copyright legislation, New Zealand's freedom of panorama exclusion is significantly wider than comparable permitted uses in other jurisdictions. This article examines freedom of panorama in New Zealand. Note is taken of the Waitangi Tribunal report Wai 262, which considered among other issues the protection of Māori cultural treasures within the intellectual property law system. As points of comparison, selected overseas approaches to freedom of panorama are outlined. This article questions whether the current exclusion strikes an appropriate balance between competing rights and interests.
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Lipsham, Marjorie. "Taiao and Mauri Ora. Māori understandings of the environment and its connection to wellbeing." MAI Journal: A New Zealand Journal of Indigenous Scholarship 12, no. 2 (2023): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20507/maijournal.2023.12.2.7.
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Kawharu (1998), in her seminal work on kaitiakitanga, discussed it as a relatively recent word, brought into being during the development and consultations around the Resource Management Act 1991. Since that time, kaitiakitanga has become an accepted and widely used term to discuss Māori responsibilities and obligations concerning land, water, wāhi tapu and treasures of consequence, or taonga. It is considered an environmental and sustainability ethic employed by Māori to protect and care for all parts of our earth and universe (Forster, 2012, 2019; Henwood & Henwood, 2011; Kawharu, 2002; Mataamua & Temara, 2010; Muru-Lanning, 2016; Mutu, 2010; Ruru et al., 2011; Te Aho, 2011; Waitangi Tribunal [Wai 262], 2011). This article draws on research undertaken for the study Kaitiakitanga: Māori Experiences, Expressions, and Understandings (Beverland, 2022). The main study provided an opportunity to pose two main pātai related to kaitiakitanga: How do we, as Māori, experience, express and understand kaitiakitanga? What mātauranga and tikanga have informed our knowing?
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Boswell, Anna. "Climates of Change: A Tuatara’s-Eye View." Humanities 9, no. 2 (2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h9020038.
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The tuatara or New Zealand “spiny-backed lizard” (Sphenodon punctatus) is the sole surviving member of an order of reptiles that pre-dates the dinosaurs. Among its characteristics and peculiarities, the tuatara is renowned for being slow-breathing and long-lived; it possesses a third eye on the top of its skull for sensing ultraviolet light; and the sex of its progeny is determined by soil temperatures. This article unravels a tuatara’s-eye view of climate change, considering this creature’s survival across geological epochs, its indigenous lineage and its sensitivities to the fast-shifting conditions of the Anthropocene. This article examines the tuatara’s evolving role as an icon of biodiversity-under-threat and the evolving role of zoos and sanctuaries as explicators of climate change, forestallers of extinction, and implementers of the reproductive interventions that are increasingly required to secure the future of climate-vulnerable species. It is also interested in the tuatara as a witness to the rapid and ongoing human-wrought climate change which has secured the lifeworld reconstruction that is foundational to the settler colonial enterprise in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Linking this to the Waitangi Tribunal’s Wai 262 report (Ko Aotearoa Tēnei, 2011), the article considers what the tuatara teaches about kaitiakitanga (guardianship) and climates of change.
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Scheele, Sue. "Safeguarding seeds and Maori intellectual property through partnership." International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i2.2015.4628.
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The Nagoya Protocol is a recent binding international instrument that articulates the need to recognise the rights of indigenous peoples regarding their biological resources and cultural knowledge and strengthens the mechanisms to do so. New Zealand has not signed this protocol because of the overriding importance of the Treaty of Waitangi in New Zealand’s domestic affairs, and the need to ensure that government options are not limited concerning the development of domestic policy on access to biological resources. In particular, policy makers and legislators are waiting for the government response to a 2011 Waitangi Tribunal report (Ko Aotearoa Tēnei) on a far-reaching and complex claim (WAI 262) concerning the place of Māori traditional knowledge, culture and identity in contemporary New Zealand law and government policies and practice. Especially pertinent to this paper is the report’s section on Māori rights relating to biological and genetic resources. In accordance with the recommendation within Ko Aotearoa Tēnei, the principle of partnership, built on the explicit Treaty premise of Crown and Māori as formal equals, is presented here as the overarching framework and mechanism by which government agencies and Māori can work together to safeguard such resources. Core concepts and values are elucidated that underpin the Māori relationship to indigenous flora and fauna and are integral to the protection of cultural knowledge of seeds and plants. Examples are given of plant species regarded as taonga (treasures) and how they are conserved, and a case study is presented of institutional stewardship of harakeke (New Zealand flax) weaving varieties. Seed bank facilities are also evaluated regarding their incorporation of Māori values and rights under the Treaty of Waitangi.
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Burmann, B. P., L. L. Barros, A. E. P. Romero, et al. "P0361 Clinical outcomes of acute severe colitis in Latin American: a case series." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 19, Supplement_1 (2025): i833. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjae190.0535.
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Abstract Background Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is a potentially life-threatening complication of ulcerative colitis (UC), affecting up to 25% of patients throughout the course of the disease. Although it typically presents as an acute exacerbation of a chronic condition, ASUC can also be the initial manifestation of UC in up to one-third of patients. It is regarded as a clinical emergency, and in some cases, a surgical emergency due to the high risk of progression to colectomy. Optimal management of ASUC requires hospitalization and the involvement of a multidisciplinary team. Methods Medical records were queried using informatics tool to identify patients with ICD-9/10 code for CD and clinical terms associated with ASUC and UC between January 2014 and January 2024. Data on demographics, IBD phenotype, clinical and endoscopic activity, medical treatment and surgical procedures were obtained. The diagnosis of ASUC was established according to the Truelove and Witts criteria. Results A total of 41 patients with UC developed ASUC. According to the Montreal classification, 19 (61%) patients had pancolitis and 20 (60%) of them were diagnosed between 17 and 40 years old. In the studied case series, 26 (63.4%) were female and 26 (66.7%) were non-smokers. Additionally, more than half of the patients (58.3%) presented with extraintestinal manifestations. During the course of ASUC, nearly all patients received corticosteroid therapy (91,7%), 14(41%) required rescue therapy and 17 (41.5%) patients underwent colectomy. In this cohort, over 70% of patients experienced surgical complications and 11 (29.7%) were admitted to the intensive care unit. Lower hemoglobin levels at admission were identified as an independent risk factor for ICU admission, with each 1 g/dL increase reducing the risk by 53% (p &lt; 0.05). Eleven patients (26.8%) required hospital readmission due to a recurrence of ASUC, none of whom had undergone colectomy during the prior hospitalization (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion Our findings indicate a high burden of ASUC in Latin America. Despite medical management, a significant proportion of patients required rescue therapy or surgical intervention, with a notable incidence of postoperative complications and ICU admissions. The high readmission rate highlights the need for improved long-term management strategies to reduce recurrence and enhance patient outcomes. References 1.Quaresma AB, Damiao AOMC, Coy CSR, Magro DO, Hino AAF, Valverde DA, Panaccione R, Coward SB, Ng SC, Kaplan GG, Kotze PG. Temporal trends in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases in the public healthcare system in Brazil: A large population-based study. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2022 Jun 9;13:100298. 2.Rivière P, Li Wai Suen C, Chaparro M, De Cruz P, Spinelli A, Laharie D. Acute severe ulcerative colitis management: unanswered questions and latest insights. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 Mar;9(3):251-262.
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Sanford, Chris A., and Jeff E. Brockett. "Characteristics of Wideband Acoustic Immittance in Patients with Middle-Ear Dysfunction." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 25, no. 05 (2014): 425–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.25.5.2.
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Background: Wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) measurements are a relatively new class of aural acoustic tests that have shown promise as useful tools for evaluating middle-ear status. A growing body of work has described WAI for infants, children, and adults with normal middle-ear function, but a relatively limited number of studies have investigated the influence of specific middle-ear disorders on WAI. Although emerging WAI research data show promising results, additional measurements from ears of patients with a variety of middle-ear disorders are needed. Purpose: The aims of the present study were to (1) obtain WAI data from patients with a variety of middle-ear conditions, (2) examine relationships between WAI data relative to standard audiometric tests, and (3) identify patterns or profiles in WAI data within and among patients with different middle-ear conditions. Research Design: A descriptive study. Study Sample: Participants included 30 children and two adults with a variety of middle-ear disorders who were recruited from clinical audiology settings. Data Collection/Analysis: Experimental ambient and tympanometric WAI data were gathered along with standard audiometric test data as part of clinical audiology appointments. Single-subject and small-group data sets for ears of patients with suspected otitis media with effusion (sOME), pressure equalization (PE) tubes, negative tympanometric peak pressure (TPP), tympanoplasty, and cerumen impaction were obtained. Qualitative analysis and descriptive statistics (means and percentiles) were used to characterize the data. Results: Group mean absorbance for ears in the sOME group was reduced across the majority of frequencies; absorbance for ears with negative TPP was also reduced, although to a lesser degree. Absorbance patterns for ears with PE tubes show even greater differences because of the effects of the tube and open middle-ear cavity. WAI from ears with a tympanoplasty and cerumen impaction was suggestive of middle-ear dysfunction in the presence of normal single-frequency tympanometry. Percentile (5th, 50th, and 95th) plots for absorbance and other WAI quantities of admittance level, admittance phase, and equivalent ear-canal volume calculated for the sOME, negative TPP, and PE tube groups showed distinctive profiles that might be useful for discrimination of different middle-ear pathologies. Quantities from wideband tympanometry, including 250- and 1000-Hz single-frequency admittance tympanometric data were also derived. Conclusions: WAI measurements for some middle-ear conditions were consistent with patterns and profiles previously reported in the literature. WAI profiles for other middle-ear conditions, which had not been previously reported in the literature, were presented. Relationships between WAI data and results of standard audiometric tests were generally consistent with expectations. However, in some cases, WAI measurements were suggestive of middle-ear dysfunction despite normal 226-Hz admittance tympanometric findings.
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Ewele Obalum, Sunday, Kokei Ikpi Ofem, Doris Chinenye Nwamba, et al. "Aggregate stability responses of three derived-savannah soils to poultry-droppings manure at different pulverisation-to-sampling time intervals." Applied Environmental Biotechnology 9, no. 1 (2024): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26789/aeb.2024.01.005.
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Organic inputs to tillage-pulverised soils could, by facilitating soil structure reformation with time, enhance environmental quality. This study examined the aggregate stability responses of three texture-contrasting soils from the derived savannah of southeastern Nigeria to poultry-droppings (PD) manure over time. The soils from Nsukka, Ukehe and Adani with clay contents of 53, 100 and 260 g/kg had antecent organic matter concentrations of 18.77, 29.73 and 16.23 g/kg, respectively, with sandy Nsukka/Ukehe being more stable than loamy Adani. Pulverised soils were amended with PD at rates equivalent to 0, 10, 20, 40 and 70 t/ha, watered and open-incubated under glasshouse conditions. They were augmented to field capacity at three-day intervals and sub-sampled at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 20 weeks after incubation (WAI). Treatment effects were highly soil-dependent. For all three soils, water-stable aggregates, mean-weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates and sand-corrected water-stable aggregates were highest with 70 t/ha at 20 WAI which showed similar MWD of aggregates as 0 t/ha at 20 WAI. Also, 70 and 20 t/ha each at 20 WAI consistently had similar effects (Adani only). Treatment effects on soil bulk density were irregular, with the highest values mostly at 20 WAI across rates. Thus, soil bulk density related inversely with aggregate stability only during 2-12 WAI, owing to their concurrent increases with soil pH beyond 12 WAI. These soil structure indices were not influenced by PD-induced fluctuations in electrical condutivity which always peaked 4 WAI. Heavy and modest PD addition, respectively, to tillage-pulverised sandy and loamy tropical soils promote their re-aggregation after 20 weeks; however, such soils even without manuring could re-structure into aggregates of sizes as though PD-amended over this long interval. Rather than PD-induced salinisation, it is soil pH that influences macro-aggregation up till the 20th week, when soil pH should be ≤ 6.65 to avoid soil densification above 1.71 Mg/m3.
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Randall, Marcus E., Virginia L. Filiaci, Hyman Muss, et al. "Randomized Phase III Trial of Whole-Abdominal Irradiation Versus Doxorubicin and Cisplatin Chemotherapy in Advanced Endometrial Carcinoma: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 1 (2006): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2004.00.7617.
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Purpose To compare whole-abdominal irradiation (WAI) and doxorubicin-cisplatin (AP) chemotherapy in women with stage III or IV endometrial carcinoma having a maximum of 2 cm of postoperative residual disease. Patients and Methods Four hundred twenty-two patients were entered onto this trial. Of 396 assessable patients, 202 were randomly allocated to receive WAI, and 194 were allocated to receive AP. Irradiation dosage was 30 Gy in 20 fractions, with a 15-Gy boost. Chemotherapy consisted of doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 and cisplatin 50 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for seven cycles, followed by one cycle of cisplatin. Results Most patient and tumor characteristics were well balanced. The median patient age was 63 years; 50% had endometrioid tumors. Median follow-up time was 74 months. The hazard ratio for progression adjusted for stage was 0.71 favoring AP (95% CI, 0.55 to 0.91; P < .01). At 60 months, 50% of patients receiving AP were predicted to be alive and disease free when adjusting for stage compared with 38% of patients receiving WAI. The stage-adjusted death hazard ratio was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.52 to 0.89; P < .01) favoring AP. Moreover, at 60 months and adjusting for stage, 55% of AP patients were predicted to be alive compared with 42% of WAI patients. Greater acute toxicity was seen with AP. Treatment probably contributed to the deaths of eight patients (4%) on the AP arm and five patients (2%) on the WAI arm. Conclusion Chemotherapy with AP significantly improved progression-free and overall survival compared with WAI. Nevertheless, further advances in efficacy and reduction in toxicity are clearly needed.
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Wang, Suju, Wenyang Hao, Chunxiao Xu, Daofeng Ni, Zhiqiang Gao, and Yingying Shang. "A Study of Wideband Energy Reflectance in Patients with Otosclerosis: Data from a Chinese Population." BioMed Research International 2019 (August 14, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2070548.
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Objective(s). The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) in the diagnosis of otosclerosis by comparing the differences in the energy reflectance (ER) of WAI between patients with otosclerosis and age- and gender-matched normal hearing controls in the Chinese population. Methods. Twenty surgically confirmed otosclerotic ears were included in the otosclerotic group. The ER of WAI at ambient and peak pressures, resonance frequency, and 226-Hz tympanogram were collected prior to surgery using a Titan hearing test platform (Interacoustics A/S, Middelfart, Denmark). All diagnoses of otosclerosis in the tested ear were confirmed by surgery after the measurements. Thirteen normal adults (26 ears) who were age- and gender-matched with the otosclerotic patients were included as the control group. Results. At peak pressure, the ERs of otosclerotic patients were higher than those of the control group for frequencies less than 4,000Hz and were lower for frequencies greater than 4,000Hz. In addition, within the analyzed frequencies, the differences observed at 2,520Hz was statistically significant (p<0.05/16=0.003, Bonferroni corrected). At ambient pressure, the differences observed at 1,260 and 6,350Hz were statistically significant (p<0.05/16=0.003, Bonferroni corrected). Although the differences between the otosclerotic and control groups exhibited similar trends to those in studies implemented in Caucasian populations, the norms in the present study in the control group were different from those in the Caucasian populations, suggesting racial differences in WAI test results. Regarding the middle ear resonance frequency, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. WAI can provide valuable information for the diagnosis of otosclerosis in the Chinese population. Norms and diagnostic criteria corresponding to the patient’s racial group are necessary to improve the efficiency of WAI in the diagnosis of otosclerosis.
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Wai-Chun, George Ho. "Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Phasmatodea II: Review of the Dataminae Rehn & Rehn, 1939 (Phasmatodea: Heteropterygidae) of China, with descriptions of one new genus and four new species." Zootaxa 3669, no. 3 (2013): 201–22. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3669.3.1.
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Wai-Chun, George Ho (2013): Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Phasmatodea II: Review of the Dataminae Rehn & Rehn, 1939 (Phasmatodea: Heteropterygidae) of China, with descriptions of one new genus and four new species. Zootaxa 3669 (3): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3669.3.1
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Mejía-Terán, Adriana, Carla María Blanco-Lizarazo, Jairo Eduardo Leiva Mateus, Indira Sotelo-Díaz, Darío Mejía Terán, and Enrique Geffroy. "Pretreatments and Particle Size on the Glycemic Index and Rheological and Functional Food Properties of Bean Flours." International Journal of Food Science 2024 (May 20, 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/6336837.
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The beans’ protein and slow-digesting carbohydrate content make it an appealing choice for healthy food development. However, its properties are influenced by the flour extraction processes. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of particle size and three pretreatments—drying (D), soaking+cooking+dehydrating 3 h (SCD3), and soaking+cooking+dehydrating 24 h (SCD24)—on the estimated glycemic index (eGI) compared with raw bean flour (R). The methodology covered water absorption (WAI), water solubility (WSI), amylose content, starch digestibility, eGI, phenolic quantification, and rheology. The results showed that WAI correlated negatively with WSI and amylose, varying among pretreatments and sizes. WAI increased as D<SCD24<SCD3<R. Glucose release (HI) differed between fine (125 μm) and coarse fractions (242 μm), with SCD24 and R showing the lowest eGI (22.8–24.2). SCD3 had the highest flavonoid concentration, while R and D had more quercetin-3-glucoside. SCD24 displayed higher elastic/viscous moduli than R. Bean flours from all treatments had low GI and contained bioactive polyphenols (catechin, epicatechin, ferulic acid, quercetin). The optimal treatment was SCD24, particularly in the coarse fraction, showing potential for functional food development and novel applications such as precision nutrition.
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Aithal, Venkatesh, Sreedevi Aithal, Joseph Kei, and Alehandrea Manuel. "Normative Wideband Acoustic Immittance Measurements in Caucasian and Aboriginal Children." American Journal of Audiology 28, no. 1 (2019): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_aja-18-0065.
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PurposeThe aims of this study were to develop normative data for wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) measures in Caucasian and Australian Aboriginal children and compare absorbance measured at 0 daPa (WBA0) and tympanometric peak pressure (TPP; WBATPP) between the 2 groups of children. Additional WAI measures included resonance frequency, equivalent ear canal volume, TPP, admittance magnitude (YM), and phase angle (YA).MethodA total of 171 ears from 171 Caucasian children and 87 ears from 87 Aboriginal children who passed a test battery consisting of 226-Hz tympanometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, and pure tone audiometry were included in the study. WAI measures were obtained under pressurized conditions using wideband tympanometry. Data for WBA0, WBATPP, YM, and YA were averaged in one-third octave frequencies from 0.25 to 8 kHz.ResultsThere was no significant ear effect on all of the 7 measures for both groups of children. Similarly, there was no significant gender effect on all measures except for WBATPPin Aboriginal children. Aboriginal boys had significantly higher WBATPPthan girls at 1.5 and 2 kHz. A significant effect of ethnicity was also noted for WBATPPat 3, 4, and 8 kHz, with Caucasian children demonstrating higher WBATPPthan Aboriginal children. However, the effect size and observed power of the analyses were small for both effects.ConclusionThis study developed normative data for 7 WAI measures, namely, WBA0, WBATPP, TPP, Veq, RF, YM, and YA, for Caucasian and Aboriginal children. In view of the high similarity of the normative data between Caucasian and Aboriginal children, it was concluded that separate ethnic-specific norms are not required for diagnostic purposes.
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Sarkowi, Muh, Rahmat Catur Wibowo, Regina Febryzha Sawitri, and Bagus Sapto Mulyanto. "Wai Selabung geothermal reservoir analysis based on gravity method." Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni 10, no. 2 (2021): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/jipfalbiruni.v10i2.9705.
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Research has been conducted using the gravity method in the Wai Selabung area, South Ogan Kemiring Ulu Regency, South Sumatra Province, correlated with geological data, magnetotellurics, and geochemical data. This research aims to get structural patterns, subsurface models and identify the heat source and reservoir areas of the Wai Selabung geothermal system. This study uses the gravity method to model the subsurface, which is correlated with magnetotelluric and geochemical data to identify reservoir prospect areas. The results obtained from this research include residual anomalies in the research area showing the presence of a northwest-southeast trending fault structure by the main fault structure of this area trending northwest-southeast and slightly southwest-northeast. Analysis of the Second Vertical Derivative value of zero indicates the boundaries of the geothermal reservoir in the middle of the research area. The results of the 3D inversion modeling of the research area show that low density (2 to 2.15 g/cm3) indicates the location of the reservoir, medium-density values (2.2 to 2.4 g/cm3) are tertiary sandstone sedimentary. The high-density distribution value (2.5 to 2.9 g/cm3) indicates a potential heat source. And based on the analysis of the gravity method correlated with geological data, magnetotelluric, and geochemical data, the prospect area for the Wai Selabung geothermal reservoir, is around Teluk Agung, Perekan, and Talang Tebat.
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Alghamdi, Mohammed A. M. "Suitability of Quaternary Sediments of Wadi Arar, Saudi Arabia, as Construction Materials: An Environmental Radioactivity Approach." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 5 (2019): 4735–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3510270.
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The surficial quaternary deposits of Wadi Arar were radioactively evaluated for construction purposes. The concentrations of <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>40</sup>K were used to evaluate the radioactive suitability of Wadi Arar. Gamma-spectrometry technique with an HPGe detector was used to measure the concentrations of Ra, Th, and K. The average specific activities of Ra, Th, and K were 22.92, 16.99, and 223.66Bq/kg respectively. The average value of the air absorbed dose rate (D) was 30.47nGy/h. The average values of the indoor and outdoor annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) were 149.46 and 37.36μSv/y respectively. The average value of the radium equivalent activity index (Ra<sup>eq</sup>) was 64.44Bq/kg. The maximum values of the external and internal hazard index (H) were 0.20 and 0.27 respectively. Radioactivity concentration and hazard index values are within the acceptable global values and do not pose any significant radiological threat to the population. These results reflect the safety of Wadi Arar as a site for construction and the potential to use depositional sediments at the site as construction materials.
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Atiković, Almir, Sunčica Delaš Kalinski, and Ivan Čuk. "AGE TRENDS IN ARTISTIC GYMNASTIC ACROSS WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS AND THE OLYMPIC GAMES FROM 2003 TO 2016." Science of Gymnastics Journal 9, no. 3 (2017): 251–63. https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.9.3.251-263.
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The aim of research was to analysis development and age structure of male and female participants at the Olympic Games (OG) and World Championships (WC) from 2003 until 2016. The total number of analyzed WC participants in men's artistic gymnastics (MAG) was 2678 and the women's artistic gymnastics (WAG) was 1981; while at the OG in MAG 391 and in WAG 389. In the last 15 years, there has been identified linear and second-order polynomial-regression increase in the age structure of participants in MAG and WAG in the largest world competitions. In analyzed period of time, MAG and WAG age of gymnasts increased. The male gymnasts from 2003 to 2016 are on average older for 2.3 years and female gymnasts for 3.3 years. In the upcoming period, we do expect (with apparatus specialization) that age will rise.
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MHAMDI, Rym, Taoufik HERMASSI, Fathia JARRAY, Mohamed Ali BEN ABDALLAH, Mohamed MECHERGUI, and Essaid BILAL. "SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE GROMBALIA AQUIFER DYNAMICS--NORTHERN EAST OF TUNISIA." Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 18, no. 2 (2023): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2023/018/262.
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Aquifer maps are key tools for water resources management, and allow to characterize a water table distribution and variability. The Grombalia plain in the northeast part of Tunisia was studied to identify the origin of groundwater recharge and to specify the type of recharge in the whole study area. It aims to investigate the impact of recharge schemes on the piezometric evolution of the water table. Furthermore, the purpose is to investigate the origin and dominant factor of the recharge. The methodology of this work includes two methods of analysis of the dynamics of the piezometric heads of this aquifer, namely the interpretation of piezometric maps for an evaluation of the spatial evolution and the study of piezometric sections. Both methods allow to distinguish between the different types of recharge, show which recharge sources is the most important in supplying the groundwater. In addition, they permit to analyze in detail the piezometric evolution and the impact of the various hydraulic structures on the piezometry. Without forgetting the naturel recharge coming directly from the soil surface and depending on the permeability, there is another natural recharge which comes from flooding areas. In Grombalia groundwater, this natural recharge occurs mainly at Wadi Ejjorf, Wadi Sidi Toumi and Wadi Ejdida sites. This recharge is accented for rainy years and mainly after flooding events. This study shows the picks at all the recharge sites between 1999 and 2009. However, an overexploitation of the aquifer was observed in Soliman-Fondok Jedid, Boucharray, Bou Argoub, which presented local depression zones. The used methodologies are very important tool to choose the best recharge site and allow to adjust the hydrodynamic models. In fact, there is an urgent need for assessing various aspects of ground water resources through a process of systematic data collection, analysis and synthesis.
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Sloss, Craig R., Brian G. Jones, Colin V. Murray-Wallace, and Bryan E. Chenhall. "Recent sedimentation and geomorphical changes, Lake Illawarra, NSW, Australia." Wetlands Australia 21, no. 2 (2006): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31646/wa.262.
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Kim, Bo, Seung Park, Geum-Joung Youn, Yeon Kwak, and Mi Kim. "Characteristics of Sunsik, a Cereal-Based Ready-to-Drink Korean Beverage, with Added Germinated Wheat and Herbal Plant Extract." Foods 9, no. 11 (2020): 1654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111654.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a formulation of Sunsik with improved health benefits by adding germinated wheat (GW) and herbal plant extract (HPE) using a response surface methodology (RSM). The central composite experimental design (CCD) was used to evaluate the effects of Sunsik with added HPE (2–4%) and GW (10–20%) on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, gamma butyric acid (GABA) content, total color changes (△E), browning index (BI), water absorption index (WAI), and water solubility index (WSI). As a result of the CCD, the independent and dependent variables were fitted by the second-order polynomial equation, and the lack of fit for response surface models was not significant except in relation to WSI. The GABA content, TPC, and TEAC were more adequate for a linear model than for a quadratic model, and they might be affected by GW rather than HPE. Alternatively, the TFC, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, WAI, WSI, △E, and BI were fitted with quadratic models. The optimum formulation that could improve antioxidant and physicochemical properties was Sunsik with 3.5% and 20% added HPE and GW, respectively.
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Smith, Ashley. "Cervical Radiofrequency Neurotomy Reduces Psychological Features in Individuals with Chronic Whiplash Symptoms." Pain Physician 3;17, no. 3;5 (2014): 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2014/17/264.
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Background: Individuals with chronic whiplash associated disorder (WAD) demonstrate various psychological features. It has previously been demonstrated that cervical radiofrequency neurotomy (cRFN) resolves psychological distress and anxiety. It is unknown if cRFN also improves or reduces a broader spectrum of psychological substrates now commonly identified in chronic whiplash, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and pain catastrophizing. Objectives: To determine if reducing pain in the cervical spine (following cRFN) significantly reduces psychological features (distress, pain catastrophizing and post-traumatic stress symptoms) in individuals with chronic WAD. Setting: Tertiary spinal intervention centre in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Study Design: Prospective observational study of consecutive patients. Methods: Patients: Fifty-three individuals with chronic whiplash associated disorder symptoms (Grade 2). Intervention: Cervical RFN following successful response to cervical facet joint blockade. Measures were made at 4 time points: 2 prior to RFN, and 1-month and 3-months post-RFN. Psychological measures included the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28); Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and the Post Traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS). Self-reported pain (VAS) and disability (NDI) measures were also collected. Results: Pain, disability, psychological distress and pain catastrophization significantly decreased at both 1-month and 3 months following cervical RFN. There was no significant change in post-traumatic stress symptom severity (P = 0.39). Reducing pain via cRFN was associated with significant improvement in psychological distress and pain catastrophizing, but not posttraumatic stress symptoms. Limitations: Individual administering questionnaires was not blinded to aim(s) of the study. Other psychological features possibly present in WAD were not measured. Conclusion: Effective pain relief would seem a crucial element in the management of psychological features associated with chronic WAD. IRB Approval: University of Calgary Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board ID#: E-22082. Key words: Whiplash, radiofrequency neurotomy, cervical facet joints, psychology, psychological distress, pain catastrophizing, post traumatic stress disorder
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Kisiała, Wojciech, Bartosz Stępiński, and Paweł Motek. "Skuteczność wdrażania polityki spójności w regionach UE – modelowanie przestrzenne z uwzględnieniem różnych typów powiązań międzyregionalnych." Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna, no. 74 (June 26, 2025): 9–26. https://doi.org/10.14746/rrpr.2025.74.02.
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Celem artykułu jest weryfikacja skuteczności realizacji polityki spójności w regionach państw Unii Europejskiej z uwzględnieniem różnych typów powiązań międzyregionalnych. Wobec niejednoznaczności wyników badań, które odnoszą się do wpływu wydatkowania funduszy europejskich na wzrost gospodarczy, podjęto próbę budowy przestrzennych modeli ekonometrycznych definiujących w różny sposób oddziaływania przestrzenne pomiędzy regionami. Interakcje te zostały uwzględnione w modelowaniu poprzez zastosowanie sześciu różnych rodzajów macierzy wag przestrzennych: odległości, przyległości, przynależności blokowej, mieszanej, przepływów towarowych i przepływów migracyjnych. Zakresem badania objęto 262 regiony z 28 krajów Unii Europejskiej (włączając Wielką Brytanię i Chorwację) w latach 2007–2022.
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Pratama, Krisna Dewa, and Nuril Anwar. "Impact Analysis of Web Application Firewall on Website-Based Application Security (Case Study PPDB Kak Seto School Website)." Mobile and Forensics 5, no. 1 (2023): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/mf.v5i1.8914.
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The swift advancement of web-based applications has posed security challenges. Insufficient security awareness among web developers has resulted in a surge of cybercrime incidents due to website vulnerabilities. To counter this, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) is proposed for the vulnerable PPDB Sekolah Kak Seto website, aiming to mitigate threats in the public network. The WAF acts as a defense against potential cyber breaches. Employing an experimental approach, this research encompasses identification, observation, literature review, analysis of WAF system requirements, implementation, testing, and pre/post-implementation analysis using ModSecurity as the security system. The study analyzes the impact of WAF adoption and provides recommendations for enhancing security. Findings demonstrate WAF's effectiveness in fortifying the Kak Seto School web application by efficiently identifying and blocking potential attacks, thereby reducing breach success rates. Post-WAF implementation, Pingdom tests show a slight drop in Performance Grade (70 to 69) and a minor increase in Load Time (2.76 to 3.23 seconds). GTmetrix tests reveal a Grade downgrade from B to C and an increase in Largest Contentful Paint time (2.2 to 2.7 seconds). In conclusion, despite minor performance effects, WAF significantly enhances security, as evident in improved loading times during tests.
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Kour, Jasmeet, Sukhcharn Singh, and Dharmesh C. Saxena. "Kinetic study of extrusion cooking of corn-rice flour blend fortified with nutraceutical concentrates with respect to various physical parameters." British Food Journal 122, no. 2 (2019): 586–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-06-2019-0389.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of residence time distribution in extruders along with the incorporation of nutraceuticals on the final quality of the products with respect to several pivotal responses. Design/methodology/approach Corn–rice flour blend fortified with isolated nutraceutical concentrates at two (low and high) levels was extruded at barrel temperature (110°C), screw speed (260 rpm) and feed moisture (17 percent). Extrudates were collected at an interval of 24 s followed by analysis for radial expansion (RE), bulk density (BD), water absorption index (WAI), sensory score (SS), textural hardness, colorimetric values (L*, a* and b*) and color difference (E). Findings The entire data were fitted to zero- and first-order kinetic models. There was a gradual decrease in RE, SS and L* value, whereas an increase in BD, textural hardness and a* value of extrudates fortified with the three nutraceutical concentrates was observed with the successive time interval of 24 s along with a more pronounced effect on color difference (E) observed during the last stages of extrusion time. The zero-order kinetic model was well fitted for BD and a* value, whereas the first-order kinetic model showed better results for RE, WAI, SS, textural hardness, L* value, a* value and b* value of fortified extrudates. Originality/value Nutraceuticals like β-glucans, lignans and γ oryzanol exhibit numerous health-beneficial effects. This study analyzes the kinetics of changes in various responses of extrudates fortified with these nutraceutical concentrates during extrusion.
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ALABELEWE, Rafat Yewande, Rashid Solagberu ADISA, Latifat Kehinde OLATINWO, and Olayinka Jelili YUSUF. "Assessment of social media usage among cashew farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria." Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Journal 4, no. 1 (2025): 132–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15112966.
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<em>The rapid rise in social media usage presents opportunities for cashew farmers to access market information and improve productivity. This study investigated social media usage among cashew farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. A two-stage sampling technique was employed. In the first stage, Offa, Oyun, and Asa Local Government Areas (LGAs) were purposively selected for their high concentration of registered cashew farmers. In the second stage, proportionate sampling was used to allocate the sample size across these LGAs of the State based on their share of registered cashew farmers. Using Yamane’s formula, a total sample size of 162 farmers was determined at a 6.6% precision level from a target population of 550 registered cashew farmers. Data were collected through structured questionnaires. The collected data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression. Findings revealed that respondents were predominantly male (56.8%), with a mean age of 41 years, and most were married (78.4%) with an average household size of 7 persons. Secondary education was the highest level attained by 40.7% of respondents, and farming experience averaged 11 years. The level of social media usage among cashew farmers was found to be moderate. However, significant constraints hindered usage, including difficulty engaging clients with a Weight Average Index (WAI) of 2.62 and limited time availability (WAI = 1.95). The study recommends targeted educational programs by agricultural extension services and investments in rural infrastructure, particularly electricity and internet connectivity, to enhance social media usage and improve market reach among cashew farmers.</em>
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Gandhi, Stella, Megan Woodruff, Hillary Halley, Samir Patel, and Summit Shah. "265 Wait at Least 60 Minutes After Eating." World Allergy Organization Journal 5 (February 2012): S86—S87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wox.0000412022.86017.b1.
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Mourad, Firas, Giacomo Rossettini, Erasmo Galeno, et al. "Use of Soft Cervical Collar among Whiplash Patients in Two Italian Emergency Departments Is Associated with Persistence of Symptoms: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis." Healthcare 9, no. 10 (2021): 1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101363.
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Purpose: Although the use of soft cervical collars in the emergency department (ED), for whiplash-associated disorders (WAD), is controversial, it is still widely adopted. The purpose of our study was to investigate the impact of the early use of soft cervical collars on the return to the ED, within three months of a road traffic collision. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study on WAD patients from two EDs in Verona (Italy). Patients in the earlier acute phase of WAD (within 48 h from the trauma) were included; those with serious conditions (WAD IV) were excluded. As an end point, we considered patients who returned to the ED complaining of WAD symptoms within three months as positive outcome for WAD persistence. Results: 2162 patients were included; of those, 85.4% (n = 1847/2162) received a soft cervical collar prescription. Further, 8.4% (n = 156/1847) of those with a soft cervical collar prescription, and 2.5% (n = 8/315) of those without a soft cervical collar (p < 0.001) returned to the ED within three months. The use of the soft cervical collar was an independent risk factor for ED return within three months, with an OR, adjusted for possible clinical confounders, equal to 3.418 (95% CI 1.653–7.069; p < 0.001). After the propensity score matching, 25.5% of the patients (n = 25/98) using the soft cervical collar returned to the ED at three months, compared to the 6.1% (n = 6/98) that did not adopt the soft cervical collar. The use of a soft cervical collar was associated with ED return with an OR = 4.314 (95% CI 2.066–11.668; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Our study shows that the positioning of the soft collar in a cohort of patients with acute WAD, following a rear-end car collision, is an independent potential risk factor to the return to the ED. Clinically, the use of the collar is a non-recommended practice and seems to be related to an increased risk of delayed recovery. There is a need to inform healthcare providers involved in the ED of the aim to limit the use of the soft cervical collar. A closer collaboration between clinicians (e.g., physicians, physical therapists, nurses) is suggested in the ED. Future primary studies should determine differences between having used or not having used the collar, and compare early physical therapy in the ED compared with the utilization of the collar.
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Krisbianto, O., and H. Minantyo. "Physicochemical characteristics of tannia cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) corm flour compared to flours and starches of other grains and tubers." Food Research 8, no. 3 (2024): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.8(3).226.
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Tannia cocoyam corm is a less popular pantropical carbohydrate source, whereas it has the potential to support food and nutrition security, especially in dry areas. Processing tannia cocoyam corm into flour can increase its use in various food products. This study aimed to determine the yield, nutrition, color, tap bulk density, water absorption capacity (WAC), oil absorption capacity (OAC), swelling capacity, and emulsion activity and stability of tannia cocoyam corm flour compared to sago starch, cassava flour and starch, mung bean starch, corn starch, wheat flour, rice and glutinous rice flours, and potato flour. The significant characteristics of tannia cocoyam corm flour were rather low in calories (dry basis), relatively high in WAC and swelling capacity, low in OAC, and showed emulsion activity and stability. Based on these data, it is suitable for use in mixed and processed food products that require juicy, elastic, and volume expansion characteristics; recommended for food products that are lower in calories and oil content; and can also help to maintain viscosity and form emulsions.
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Ahmad, Sheikh Saeed, Khansa Gulshad, Summra Erum, Hafsa Bashir, and Ayesha Ayub. "Vegetation Dynamics and Diversity Status in Mughal Garden Wah, Pakistan." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 62, no. 2 (2019): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.62.2.2019.67.76.
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Classification and ordination of vegetation of Mughal Garden, Wah, Pakistan was done along with assessment of diversity status. A total of 45 species were recorded in vegetation survey belonging to 24 families with Asteraceae and Poaceae being the largest families. Herbs dominated the flora of Wah Garden by 44.4%, shrubs 15.5%, trees 13.3%, grasses 11.1%, creeping herbs 11.1%, ferns 2.2% and aquatic herbs 2.2%. About 35.5% species were annuals, 28.8% perennials, 13.3% annuals or perennials, 8.8% annuals or biennials, 8.8% deciduous, 2.2% coniferous and evergreen species. In case of life form of species, Therophytes and Megaphanerophytes were the most prevalent among species indirect ordination techniques TWINSPAN and DCA were employed that produced two major groups which were further divided into five communities and three major groups, respectively. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson Index of diversity and Hills N1 and N2 diversity numbers were calculated and verified by data attribute plot through DCA suggesting reduced species diversity as Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged between 0 and 1.67 due to increased anthropogenic activity. The outcome of this research will be useful in providing information on identification of species that are present, their distribution patterns, and classification which would help in management and conservation of native vegetation in future.
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Flores-Mancha, Martha A., Martha G. Ruíz-Gutiérrez, Rogelio Sánchez-Vega, Eduardo Santellano-Estrada, and América Chávez-Martínez. "Characterization of Beet Root Extract (Beta vulgaris) Encapsulated with Maltodextrin and Inulin." Molecules 25, no. 23 (2020): 5498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235498.
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Betalains are powerful antioxidants contained in beets. These are divided into betacyanins (red-violet) and betaxanthins (yellow-orange), and they can be used as natural colorants in the food industry. The effects of freeze-drying pure beet juice (B) and the encapsulation of beet juice with a dextrose equivalent (DE) 10 maltodextrin (M) and agave inulin (I) as carrier agents were evaluated. The powders showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in all the variables analyzed: water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), glass transition temperature (Tg), total betalains (TB), betacyanins (BC), betaxanthins (BX), total polyphenols (TP), antioxidant activity (AA, via 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) (ABTS), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) and total protein concentration (TPC). The highest values of antioxidant activity were found in the non-encapsulated beet powder, followed by the powder encapsulated with maltodextrin and, to a lesser extent, the powder encapsulated with inulin. The glass transition temperature was 61.63 °C for M and 27.59 °C for I. However, for B it was less than 18.34 °C, which makes handling difficult. Encapsulation of beet extract with maltodextrin and inulin by lyophilization turned out to be an efficient method to increase solubility and diminish hygroscopicity.
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Wang, Yue, Guisheng Meng, Sailing Chen, Yajie Chen, Jinjin Jiang, and You-Ping Wang. "Correlation Analysis of Phenolic Contents and Antioxidation in Yellow- and Black-Seeded Brassica napus." Molecules 23, no. 7 (2018): 1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071815.
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Brassica napus L. is rich in phenolic components and it has natural antioxidant characteristics which are important to human health. In the present study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of developing seeds of yellow- and black-seeded B. napus were compared. Both phenolic and flavonoid contents were significantly higher at 5 weeks after flowering (WAF) in black seeds (6.44 ± 0.97 mg EE/g phenolics and 3.78 ± 0.05 mg EE/g flavonoids) than yellow seeds (2.80 ± 0.13 mg/g phenolics and 0.83 ± 0.01 mg/g flavonoids). HPLC–DAD–ESI/MS analysis revealed different content of 56 phenolic components between yellow and black-seeded B. napus, including kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-sophoroside, procyanidin B2 ([DP 2]), which were significantly reduced in yellow seeds compared with black seeds. Applying the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical assay, we found maximum clearance of DPPH and ABTS in the late developmental stages of yellow and black seeds. Additionally, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value maximized at 5 WAF in black seeds (432.52 ± 69.98 μmol Fe (II)/g DW) and 6 WAF in yellow seeds (274.08 ± 2.40 μmol Fe (II)/g DW). Generally, antioxidant ability was significantly reduced in yellow-seeded B. napus compared to black rapeseed, and positive correlations between antioxidation and flavonoid content were found in both yellow- and black-seeded B. napus.
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May, Addison K., Thomas G. Gleason, Robert G. Sawyer, and Timothy L. Pruett. "Contribution of Escherichia coliAlpha-Hemolysin to Bacterial Virulence and to Intraperitoneal Alterations in Peritonitis." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 1 (2000): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.1.176-183.2000.
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ABSTRACT Alpha-hemolysin (Hly) is a common exotoxin produced byEscherichia coli that enhances virulence in a number of clinical infections. The addition of hemolysin production to laboratory bacterial strains is known to increase the lethality of E. coli peritonitis. However, the mechanisms involved have not been determined and the contribution of hemolysin to the alterations in the host intraperitoneal environment and the leukocyte response is not known. Utilizing a rat peritonitis model, we show that wild-type hemolytic E. coli strains have a significant competitive advantage over nonhemolytic strains within the peritoneum. To examine the specific contribution of Hly to E. coli-induced virulence and alterations within the peritoneum, a mixed peritonitis model of E. coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and sterile fecal adjuvant was used. Three transformed E. colistrains were utilized: one strongly secretes active hemolysin (WAF 270), a second secretes active hemolysin but a reduced amount (WAF 260), and the third does not produce hemolysin (WAF 108). After an equal inoculum of each of the three strains, WAF 270 produced a markedly increased lethality and an increased recovery of both E. coli and B. fragilis from the host relative to the other strains. Changes in the intraperitoneal pH, degree of erythrocyte lysis, and recruitment and viability of leukocytes within the peritoneum following the induction of peritonitis differed significantly between the strongly hemolytic and nonhemolytic strains. Induction of peritonitis with WAF 270 caused a pronounced decrease in intraperitoneal pH, lysis of most of the intraperitoneal erythrocytes, and a marked decrease in recoverable viable leukocytes compared to WAF 108. Thus, hemolysin production by E. coli within the peritoneum may alter not only the host's ability to control the hemolytic strain itself but also other organisms.
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A. Moustafa, Abdelraouf, Menna Khalaf, Yasmin S. Khalil, et al. "The Age Structure Of Acacia: Insights Into Conservation Strategies In Arid Landscapes, South Sinai, Egypt." Journal of Environmental And Sciences 9, no. 1 (2019): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.52338/joes.2025.4327.
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Over the past two decades, wild vegetation in the Egyptian desert has faced significant threats, including the loss of palatable species, a decline in tree populations, and shifts in vegetation composition. The main drivers of these changes include deforestation for fuelwood, overharvesting of medicinal plants, large-scale development projects, and overgrazing. Addressing these threats requires immediate implementation of sustainable development and conservation policies to safeguard critical biodiversity components. Acacia trees, vital to the Bedouin communities for their multiple uses, are particularly at risk due to pressures such as illegal logging, overgrazing, seed infestation by insects and fungi, and encroaching construction. This study examines the demographic status of Acacia populations across three key regions in South Sinai: Wadi Mandar, Wadi Lithi, and Wadi Feiran. A total of 615 trees were surveyed, with 202 trees at Wadi Mandar, 281 at Wadi Lithi, and 132 at Wadi Feiran. Additionally, 38 cuttings from dead Acacia trunks were collected across these sites. Tree age was determined by counting the annual growth rings, and the relationship between tree diameter and growth rings was analyzed through linear regression. This research highlights the importance of understanding the age structure of Acacia populations, which provides insights into their demographic status and resilience to environmental stressors. By identifying older, more mature trees, conservation efforts can prioritize the protection of genetically diverse, reproductively mature trees, which are crucial for the long-term survival of the species. Furthermore, factors such as climate variability, soil conditions, and human intervention especially land-use changes and overharvesting were considered in the analysis to assess their impact on Acacia tree health and distribution. These findings aim to inform conservation strategies within the St. Catherine Protectorate and, ultimately, across the South Sinai Protectorates.
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Nelli, Rahul, Kaitlyn Sarlo Davila, Kruttika Phadke, et al. "SARS-CoV-2 WA1 induces distinct immune transcriptome profiles in human and deer primary respiratory epithelial cells." Journal of Immunology 212, no. 1_Supplement (2024): 0124_4110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.212.supp.0124.4110.
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Abstract The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect animals, especially white-tailed deer (WTD), is a public health and economic concern. Humans experience varied clinical outcomes, while WTD are usually asymptomatic carriers. The immune factors responsible for these differences have yet to be studied. A comparative transcriptomic analysis in primary respiratory epithelial cells of humans (HRECs) and WTD (Deer-RECs) infected with SARS-CoV-2 WA1 was assessed throughout 48 hours post-inoculation (hpi). Both HRECs and Deer-RECs were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, with significantly (P &lt; 0.001) lower virus replication in Deer-RECs. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEG) gradually increased in Deer-RECs but decreased in HRECs throughout the infection. The ingenuity pathway analysis of DEGs further identified that genes commonly altered during SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly belong to cytokine/chemokine response pathways mediated via IL-17 and NF-κB signaling pathways. SARS-CoV-2 activated AP-1/JUN transcription factor in both HRECs and Deer-RECs. Deer-RECs showed delayed upregulation of genes related to wound repair, including CXCL8, MAP4K4, p21, VEGFA, and HBEGF. The early inhibition of the NF-κB signaling in Deer-RECs predicted at 6 hpi may have contributed to the comparatively less proinflammation observed in Deer-RECs than HRECs. These findings may partly explain differences in WTD and human responses to SARS-CoV-2 WA1 infection.
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Skopec, Robert. "Secret Sonic Weapons’ War Lead To Carcinogenesis." Biomarkers and Drug Discovery 1, no. 1 (2018): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2642-9799/010.
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State Department evacuates a number of Americans from the U.S. consulate in Guangzhou, China after they experienced unexplained health issues. A group of U.S. diplomats stationed in China have been brought back to the states after being inflicted by a mystery illness that reportedly resembles the brain injuries previously suffered by staff in Cuba. Heather Nauert, a State Department spokeswoman, said in a statement that the individuals from the U.S. office in Guangzhou were returned home for further evaluation. It was unclear if there was any connection to last year’s situation in Cuba where 24 U.S. government employees experienced a range of ailments after hearing an unusual sound.
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Bernas, Cindytia Selvina, Sagar Pandappa Kalahal, Domas Galih Patria, and Jenshinn Lin. "Effect of Die Temperature and Porang (Amorphophallus mulleri B.) Flour on the Physicochemical Properties, Nutritional Value, Estimated Glycemic Index, and Sensory Evaluation of Brown Rice Snack by a Collet Extruder." Chiang Mai Journal of Science 52, no. 1 (2025): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2025.003.
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Porang is an underutilized Indonesian tuber plant that exhibits potential as an ingredient in extrusion-based snacks. This study aims to develop brown rice snacks incorporating porang flour at various die temperatures using a collet extruder to enhance their physicochemical properties. The collet extruder used in this study is a cost-effective method for installation, maintenance, and operation. The effect of die temperature (90, 100, and 110 °C) and porang (0, 5, 15, and 25 %) as independent variables were studied on the physicochemical properties, nutritional value, and sensory evaluation of extrudates. According to the experimental results, higher die temperatures significantly (p < 0.05) increased ash content (1.33 - 2.11 %), crude fat (0.91 - 2.05 %), a* value (0.96 - 4.98), water absorption index (WAI) (5.84 - 9.27 g/g),water solubility index (WSI) (6.64 - 16.05 %), DPPH free radical scavenging ability (8.14 - 18.53 %), total phenolic content (TPC) (200.61 - 426.93 mg GAE/100g d.m.), and total flavonoid content (TFC) (407.20 - 1661.11 mg RE/100 g d.m.); decreased crude protein (9.85 – 7.11%), and L* value (82.37 - 69.25). The extrudate produced at 100 °C had the highest radial expansion ratio (1.57 – 2.79 mm/mm); lowest bulk density (0.21 - 0.14 g/cm3) and hardness (2.39 - 1.30 kgf). The increased addition of porang flour significantly increased (p < 0.05) moisture content (2.01 – 2.62 %), ash content, total carbohydrate (84.83 – 86.83 %), a* value, b* value (11.80 – 16.65), bulk density, hardness, WAI, WSI, DPPH free radical scavenging ability, TPC, and TFC, whereas decreased the crude protein, crude fat, L* value, radial expansion ratio. According to the sensory evaluation results, consumers preferred the extrudates with 5 % porang flour processed at a die temperature of 110 °C over the other extrudates. Incorporating porang flour into puffed snacks could serve as a potential component in developing snacks that meet consumer demand for nutritionally beneficial products because of its low glycemic index (40.604 - 44.789). Snacks made with porang flour could provide beneficial effects for both healthy individuals and those with health concerns, making them suitable for a wide range of consumers.
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Nugraha, Ridhoni Mirza, and Gilang Sandhubaya. "Ahlussunnah Wal Jama'ah Communication Forum is an Islamic Political Organizational Movement in Legal Studies." Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum 14, no. 2 (2023): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26905/idjch.v14i2.10174.
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Indonesia's democratic transition post-reformation has changed the pattern of Indonesian politics. There were fluctuations and dynamics of Islamic political power during the New Order era. At the beginning of the New Order, Islam was marginalized from the state. Meanwhile, Islam encountered difficulties developing socio-political ideas because of the repressive New Order regime. It is interesting to note that although the majority of Indonesia's population is Muslim, nationalist political parties dominate every election. This article discusses complex unifying issues causing political turmoil: religion and the state. Much of Indonesia's current research on political Islam focuses on the rise of Islam-based political parties in domestic politics and the significant role of long-standing Islamic organizations such as Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah. This topic is interesting to discuss because it is relatively new, discussing the fundamental issue, in this case, the problem of different understandings of the relationship between religion and the state. The research method used in this study is library research. Data obtained from literature research is used to understand the background, history, goals, and vision of FKAWJ and the political context of Islam in Indonesia.How to cite item: Nugraha, Ridhoni Mirza, and Gilang Sandhubaya. “Ahlussunnah Wal Jama'ah Communication Forum is an Islamic Political Organizational Movement in Legal Studies.” Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum 14 no. 2 (2023): 212-222. DOI: doi.org/10.26905/idjch.v14i2.10174.
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Bemji, M. N., O. A. Osinowo, M. O. Ozoje, A. M. Adebambo, and A. B. J. Aina. "Live weight changes during lactation and its relationship with milk off-take and yield in West African Dwarf and Red Sokoto goats intensively managed within the humid zone of Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 33, no. 1 (2021): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v33i1.2225.
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This study focused on changes in doe live weight during lactation in West African dwarf (WAD) and Red Sokoto (RS) goats intensively managed within the humid zone of South-western Nigeria. The data analysed was based on 202 weekly records. from 17 lactations of 8 WAD and 9 RS goats from year 2000-2002. Mean live weight for RS does (21.16+0.34 kg) was higher (P<0.001) than the estimate (18.15+0.34 kg) for WAD does. Live weight decreased (P>0.05) from parturition up to fourth week and increased (P> 0.05) thereafter till the 12th week of lactation. There was no significant interaction between breed and week of lactation. Cumulative mean weight changes of 0.16+4119 kg for WAD and 0.38+0.22 kg for RS were not significantly different, Does had higher (P<0.001) body weights during the late- wet and early-dry seasons than during late-thy and early-wet seasons.. Live weight increased .significantly (P<0.001) with parity of doe, the trend being maintained with regards to cumulative weight change. Does that suckled male kids were less superior in body weights. This was reflected by a negative cumulative weight change. Live weight was positively con-elated with milk yield (rp = 0.24; P<0.05,4 estimated at 270.61+13.48 ml and 281.98+ 13. 17 ml respectively for RS and WAD goats (P>0.05). Corresponding values for milk off-take were (.14.09+3.64 and 16,45+3.56 ml; P>0.05), Milk off-take was lowly correlated with live weight (rp= 0_06; P>0.05) while its relationship with milk yield was positive and significant (rp= 0.40: P<0.001).
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Odero, Dennis C., and Alan L. Wright. "Critical Period of Weed Control in Snap Bean on Organic Soils in South Florida." HortScience 53, no. 8 (2018): 1129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12536-17.
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Field studies were conducted in 2011 and 2012 in Belle Glade, FL, to evaluate the critical period of weed control (CPWC) in snap bean grown on organic soils in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) of South Florida. Treatments consisting of increasing duration of weed interference and weed-free period were imposed at weekly intervals from 0 to 7 weeks after emergence (WAE) of snap bean. The beginning and end of the CPWC based on 2.5%, 5%, and 10% snap bean acceptable yield loss (AYL) levels were determined by fitting log-logistic and Gompertz models to represent increasing duration of weed interference and weed-free period, respectively. Based on 2.5% yield loss, the CPWC was 7.2 weeks long, beginning 1.2 (cotyledon and unifoliate leaf) and ending 8.4 WAE (mid-pod set, 50% of pods reached maximum length). At 5% yield loss, the CPWC was 5.0 weeks, beginning 1.7 (first to second trifoliate leaf) and ending 6.7 WAE (mid-flower to early pod set, 50% of flowers open and one pod reached maximum length). At 10% yield loss, the CPWC was 3.0 weeks, beginning 2.2 (second trifoliate leaf) and ending 5.2 WAE (early flowering, one open flower). Based on these results, the beginning of CPWC was hastened, whereas the end was delayed at different yield loss levels showing that acceptable weed control in snap bean on organic soils in the EAA is required throughout much of the growing season to minimize yield loss.
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Al-Ahmadi, Masoud, and Ali Subyani. "Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Quality in Wadi Ranyah, Saudi Arabia." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Earth Sciences 21, no. 2 (2010): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/ear.21-2.2.
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Puissant, M., K. Herrick, D. Meyer, T. Strout, and S. Haydar. "212 Wait, What? Oral Midodrine Instead of Pressors for Septic Shock?" Annals of Emergency Medicine 80, no. 4 (2022): S94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.237.
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Zhang, Benqing, Hansong Sun, Shengshou Hu, et al. "Predictive value of different scoring systems for early postoperative mortality in patients with a second coronary artery bypass grafting." Chinese Medical Journal 127, no. 4 (2014): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20132024.
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Background Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) has been developed over many years. Recently, an increasing number of patients need a second surgery for relapse of symptoms. In consideration of the high surgical risk, accurate preoperative evaluation is needed. The aim of the study was to assess the predictive value of three different risk scoring system for early postoperative mortality rate in patients with redo-CABG. Methods Seventy-seven patients who underwent redo-CABG in Fu Wai Hospital from January 1997 to June 2013 were enrolled. All patients were retrospectively scored for early postoperative mortality rate using EuroSCORE, STS score and SinoSCORE. Overall expected mortality rates were compared with observed mortality rates. Discrimination was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under a ROC curve (AUC). Results Four patients died after a redo-CABG 5%. The mortality rates predicted by EuroSCORE, STS score and SinoSCORE were 5.0%, 2.2% and 1.4%, respectively. The AUC of the three kinds of score were 0.465, 0.543 and 0.528, respectively, indicating a poor correlation between the observed and predicted mortality rates. Conclusion The predictive value of EuroSCORE, STS score and SinoSCORE is poor for early postoperative mortality rate in patients with redo-CABG.