Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wall roughness

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Wall roughness'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Wall roughness"

1

HERWIG, H., D. GLOSS, and T. WENTERODT. "A new approach to understanding and modelling the influence of wall roughness on friction factors for pipe and channel flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 613 (October 1, 2008): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008003534.

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In this study, it is shown how the equivalent sand roughness required in the Moody chart can be calculated for arbitrarily shaped wall roughnesses. After a discussion of how to define the wall location and roughness height in the most reasonable way, a numerical approach based on the determination of entropy production in rough pipes and channels is presented. As test cases, three different two-dimensional roughness types have been chosen which are representative of regular roughnesses on machined surfaces. In the turbulent range, skin friction results with these test roughnesses can be linked
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Afzal, Noor. "Power Law Velocity Profile in the Turbulent Boundary Layer on Transitional Rough Surfaces." Journal of Fluids Engineering 129, no. 8 (2007): 1083–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2746902.

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A new approach to scaling of transitional wall roughness in turbulent flow is introduced by a new nondimensional roughness scale ϕ. This scale gives rise to an inner viscous length scale ϕν∕uτ, inner wall transitional variable, roughness friction Reynolds number, and roughness Reynolds number. The velocity distribution, just above the roughness level, turns out to be a universal relationship for all kinds of roughness (transitional, fully smooth, and fully rough surfaces), but depends implicitly on roughness scale. The open turbulent boundary layer equations, without any closure model, have be
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Anderson, William. "Amplitude modulation of streamwise velocity fluctuations in the roughness sublayer: evidence from large-eddy simulations." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 789 (January 26, 2016): 567–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.744.

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Recent studies have demonstrated that large- and very-large-scale motions in the logarithmic region of turbulent boundary layers ‘amplitude modulate’ dynamics of the near-wall region (Marusicet al.,Science, vol. 329, 2010, pp. 193–196; Mathiset al.,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 628, 2009a, pp. 311–337). These contributions prompted development of a predictive model for near-wall dynamics (Mathiset al.,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 681, 2011, pp. 537–566) that has promising implications for large-eddy simulations of wall turbulence at high Reynolds numbers (owing to the presence of smaller scales as the wall is
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Keirsbulck, L., L. Labraga, A. Mazouz, and C. Tournier. "Surface Roughness Effects on Turbulent Boundary Layer Structures." Journal of Fluids Engineering 124, no. 1 (2001): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1445141.

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A turbulent boundary layer structure which develop over a k-type rough wall displays several differences with those found on a smooth surface. The magnitude of the wake strength depends on the wall roughness. In the near-wall region, the contribution to the Reynolds shear stress fraction, corresponding to each event, strongly depends on the wall roughness. In the wall region, the diffusion factors are influenced by the wall roughness where the sweep events largely dominate the ejection events. This trend is reversed for the smooth-wall. Particle Image Velocimetry technique (PIV) is used to obt
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Liu, Yanming, Jiahe Li, and Alexander J. Smits. "Roughness effects in laminar channel flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 876 (August 15, 2019): 1129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.603.

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The effects of roughness on the frictional drag and pressure drop in laminar channel flow are investigated numerically. The inflow is fully developed smooth wall flow, and square rib roughness, aligned normal to the bulk flow direction, is introduced as a step change. The roughness height and spacing are systematically varied, and the flow is examined as it develops over the rough wall and becomes fully developed. The length of the development region depends primarily on the roughness height, although the effects of spacing become more important as the height decreases. In the fully developed
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NAPOLI, E., V. ARMENIO, and M. DE MARCHIS. "The effect of the slope of irregularly distributed roughness elements on turbulent wall-bounded flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 613 (October 1, 2008): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008003571.

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Wall roughness produces a downward shift of the mean streamwise velocity profile in the log region, known as the roughness function. The dependence of the roughness function on the height and arrangement of roughness elements has been confirmed in several studies where regular rough walls were analysed; less attention has been paid to non-regular rough walls. Here, a numerical analysis of turbulent flows over irregularly shaped rough walls is performed, clearly identifying the importance of a parameter, called the effective slope (ES) of the wall corrugations, in characterizing the geometry of
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Meng, Han, Jing Zhang, Xinfeng Ge, and Jinwei Huang. "Research on the influence of needle roughness of Pelton turbine on flow characteristics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2707, no. 1 (2024): 012072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2707/1/012072.

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Abstract The needle in the jetting mechanism of Pelton turbine may be uneven on the surface of the needle due to the knife marks in the cutting process or the erosion of the sediment in the water flow, resulting in the surface roughness of the needle, which affects the flow at the wall. In order to study the influence of the surface roughness of the needle on the jet flow characteristics, the jet flow characteristics and sediment characteristics of the jetting mechanism under different roughnesses were analyzed in this paper. The results show that the flow characteristics of the smooth wall an
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Mehdi, Faraz, J. C. Klewicki, and C. M. White. "Mean force structure and its scaling in rough-wall turbulent boundary layers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 731 (August 28, 2013): 682–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.385.

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AbstractThe combined roughness/Reynolds number problem is explored. Existing and newly acquired data from zero pressure gradient rough-wall turbulent boundary layers are used to clarify the leading order balances of terms in the mean dynamical equation. For the variety of roughnesses examined, it is revealed that the mean viscous force retains dominant order above (and often well above) the roughness crests. Mean force balance data are shown to be usefully organized relative to the characteristic length scale, which is equal or proportional to the width of the region from the wall to where the
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Raupach, M. R., R. A. Antonia, and S. Rajagopalan. "Rough-Wall Turbulent Boundary Layers." Applied Mechanics Reviews 44, no. 1 (1991): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3119492.

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This review considers theoretical and experimental knowledge of rough-wall turbulent boundary layers, drawing from both laboratory and atmospheric data. The former apply mainly to the region above the roughness sublayer (in which the roughness has a direct dynamical influence) whereas the latter resolve the structure of the roughness sublayer in some detail. Topics considered include the drag properties of rough surfaces as functions of the roughness geometry, the mean and turbulent velocity fields above the roughness sublayer, the properties of the flow close to and within the roughness canop
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Afzal, Noor, Abu Seena, and Afzal Bushra. "Power Law Turbulent Velocity Profile in Transitional Rough Pipes." Journal of Fluids Engineering 128, no. 3 (2005): 548–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2175161.

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Alternate power law velocity profile u+=Aζα in transitional rough pipe fully turbulent flow, has been proposed, in terms of new appropriate inner rough wall variables (ζ=Z+∕ϕ, uϕ=u∕ϕ), and new parameters Rϕ=Rτ∕ϕ termed as the roughness friction Reynolds number, Reϕ=Re∕ϕ termed as the roughness Reynolds number and ϕ termed as roughness scale (along with normal wall coordinate Z=y+ϵr where ϵr is the shift of the origin of boundary layer due to the rough wall, Z+=Zuτ∕ν and u+=u∕uτ). The envelope of the power law shows that the power law constants α and A depend on the parameter Rϕ (i.e., α=α(Rϕ)
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wall roughness"

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Alexander, William Nathan. "Normalization of Roughness Noise on the Near-Field Wall Pressure Spectrum." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33643.

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Roughness noise can be a significant contributor of sound in low Mach number, high Reynolds number flows. Only a small amount of experimental research has been conducted to analyze roughness noise because of its often low energy levels that are hard to isolate even in a laboratory setting. This study details efforts to scale the roughness noise while independently varying roughness size and edge velocity. Measurements were taken in the Virginia Tech Anechoic Wall Jet Facility for stochastic rough surfaces varying from hydrodynamically smooth to fully rough as well as deterministic rough surfac
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Alexander, William Nathan. "Sound from Rough Wall Boundary Layers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29246.

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Turbulent flow over a rough surface produces sound that radiates outside the near wall region. This noise source is often at a lower level than the noise created by edges and bluff body flows, but for applications with large surface area to perimeter ratios at low Mach number, this noise source can have considerable levels. In the first part of this dissertation, a detailed study is made of the ability of the Glegg & Devenport (2009) scattering theory to predict roughness noise. To this end, comparisons are made with measurements from cuboidal and hemispherical roughness with roughness Reynold
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Placidi, Marco. "An investigation of wall-bounded turbulence over regularly distributed roughness." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/388078/.

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Rasnick, Matthew Byron. "The Noise of a Boundary Layer Flowing Over Discrete Roughness Elements." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33202.

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This study focuses on measuring and normalizing the roughness noise of multiple roughness types across numerous layouts and flow speeds. Using the Virginia Tech Anechoic Wall Jet Facility, far field noise was recording for the flow of a turbulent wall jet boundary layer over cubes, hemispheres, and gravel, with element heights in the range of 14.3 - 55.2% of the boundary layer thickness. The sound radiated from the various layouts showed that the elements acted as independent sources when separated by three element diameters center-to-center or more. When the elements were placed shoulder
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Seddighi-Moormani, Mehdi. "Study of turbulence and wall shear stress in unsteady flow over smooth and rough wall surfaces." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=166096.

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Flows over hydraulically smooth walls are predominant in turbulence studies whereas real surfaces in engineering applications are often rough. This is important because turbulent flows close to the two types of surface can exhibit large differences. Unfortunately, neither experimental studies nor theoretical studies based on conventional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can give sufficiently accurate, detailed information about unsteady turbulent flow behaviour close to solid surfaces, even for smooth wall cases. In this thesis, therefore, use is made of a state of the art computational meth
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Sen, Mehmet Ali. "Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Methodology to Understand Underlying Physics of Rough-Wall Turbulent Boundary Layer." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SenMA2007.pdf.

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Hersberger, Daniel S. "Wall roughness effects on flow and scouring in curved channels with gravel bed /." Lausanne, 2002. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?display=detail&nr=2632.

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Thèse sciences techniques, EPF Lausanne, no 2632 (2002), Faculté Environnement naturel, architectural et construit ENAC, Domaine du génie civil. Directeur: A. Schleiss ; rapporteurs: M. Altinakar, G.-R. Bezzola, J. Gessler.
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Cabal, Antonio. "Stability of wall-bounded flow modified due to the presence of distributed surface roughness." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0010/NQ40248.pdf.

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Westbury, Philippa Sarah. "The effect of Reynolds number and wall roughness on bursts in turbulent boundary layers." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320742.

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George, Jacob. "Structure of 2-D and 3-D Turbulent Boundary Layers with Sparsely Distributed Roughness Elements." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27935.

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The present study deals with the effects of sparsely distributed three-dimensional elements on two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) turbulent boundary layers (TBL) such as those that occur on submarines, ship hulls, etc. This study was achieved in three parts: Part 1 dealt with the cylinders when placed individually in the turbulent boundary layers, thereby considering the effect of a single perturbation on the TBL; Part 2 considered the effects when the same individual elements were placed in a sparse and regular distribution, thus studying the response of the flow to a sequence
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Books on the topic "Wall roughness"

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Denier, James P. On the receptivity problem for Gortler vortices: vortex motions induced by wall roughness. Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, 1990.

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Denier, James P. On the receptivity problem for Görtler vortices: Vortex motions induced by wall roughness. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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E, Beckwith Ivan, Chen Fang-Jenq, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch., eds. Nozzle wall roughness effects on free-stream noise and transition in the pilot low-disturbance tunnel. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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E, Beckwith Ivan, Chen Fang-Jenq, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch., eds. Nozzle wall roughness effects on free-stream noise and transition in the pilot low-disturbance tunnel. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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Nozzle wall roughness effects on free-stream noise and transition in the pilot low-disturbance tunnel. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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Escudier, Marcel. Turbulent flow. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719878.003.0018.

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In this chapter the principal characteristics of a turbulent flow are outlined and the way that Reynolds’ time-averaging procedure, applied to the Navier-Stokes equations, leads to a set of equations (RANS) similar to those governing laminar flow but including additional terms which arise from correlations between fluctuating velocity components and velocity-pressure correlations. The complex nature of turbulent motion has led to an empirical methodology based upon the RANS and turbulence-transport equations in which the correlations are modelled. An important aspect of turbulent flows is the
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Book chapters on the topic "Wall roughness"

1

Birch, David M., and Jonathan F. Morrison. "Large Roughness Effects in Channel Flow." In IUTAM Symposium on The Physics of Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows on Rough Walls. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9631-9_23.

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Herwig, Heinz, and Tammo Wenterodt. "Wall Roughness Effects: A Second Law Analysis (SLA)." In IUTAM Symposium on The Physics of Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows on Rough Walls. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9631-9_21.

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McKeon, Beverley J. "Turbulent Channel Flow over Model “Dynamic” Roughness." In IUTAM Symposium on The Physics of Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows on Rough Walls. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9631-9_12.

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Flack, Karen, and Michael P. Schultz. "Roughness Scaling Parameters in the Fully-Rough Regime." In IUTAM Symposium on The Physics of Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows on Rough Walls. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9631-9_14.

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Smits, Alexander, Sean C. C. Bailey, Rick L. Pepe, and Michael P. Schultz. "Turbulence in Pipe Flows with Small Relative Roughness." In IUTAM Symposium on The Physics of Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows on Rough Walls. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9631-9_5.

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Amir, Mohammad, and Ian Castro. "Turbulent Flow Over Urban-Type Roughness Using PIV." In IUTAM Symposium on The Physics of Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows on Rough Walls. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9631-9_9.

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Milici, B., M. De Marchis, G. Sardina, and E. Napoli. "Particle-Laden Turbulent Channel Flow with Wall-Roughness." In Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation IX. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14448-1_82.

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Liu, Y., and D. Yang. "Effect of Wall Roughness on Electroosmotic Flow in Microchannels." In Advanced Tribology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03653-8_190.

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Olmeda, R., P. Breda, C. Stemmer, and M. Pfitzner. "Large-Eddy Simulations for the Wall Heat Flux Prediction of a Film-Cooled Single-Element Combustion Chamber." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_14.

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Abstract In order for modern launcher engines to work at their optimum, film cooling can be used to preserve the structural integrity of the combustion chamber. The analysis of this cooling system by means of CFD is complex due to the extreme physical conditions and effects like turbulent fluctuations damping and recombination processes in the boundary layer which locally change the transport properties of the fluid. The combustion phenomena are modeled by means of Flamelet tables taking into account the enthalpy loss in the proximity of the chamber walls. In this work, Large-Eddy Simulations
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Lopez, Bruno, Gabriel Usera, Gabriel Narancio, Mariana Mendina, Maritn Draper, and Jose Cataldo. "Numerical ABL Wind Tunnel Simulations with Direct Modeling of Roughness Elements Through Immersed Boundary Condition Method." In Progress in Wall Turbulence 2. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20388-1_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wall roughness"

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Ren, Jing, and Sriram Sundararajan. "Microfluidic Channel Fabrication With Tailored Wall Roughness." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7328.

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Realistic random roughness of channel surfaces is known to affect the fluid flow behavior in microscale fluidic devices. This has relevance particularly for applications involving non-Newtonian fluids, such as biomedical lab-on-chip devices. In this study, a surface texturing process was developed and integrated into microfluidic channel fabrication. The process combines colloidal masking and Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) for generating random surfaces with desired roughness parameters on the micro/nanoscale. The surface texturing process was shown to be able to tailor the random surface roughnes
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Hossain, Khandkar, and Golam Kader. "Effect of Surface Roughness on Wall Jet." In 2nd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-5631.

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Hong, Jiarong, Joseph Katz, and Michael Schultz. "Near-Wall Stereo PIV Investigation of the Turbulent Channel Flow Over Rough-Walls." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55197.

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The near-wall turbulent flow in the rough-wall channel is of great significance in engineering applications, but remains a challenge for both experimental measurement and numerical modeling due to the complexity of the roughness geometry. For optical measurement techniques, e.g. PIV, obstruction by the roughness elements and reflection from the surface adversely affect the quality of near wall data. Our present study utilizes a facility containing a fluid with the same refractive index as the rough acrylic wall, making the interface almost invisible, and employs Stereo PIV to obtain the three-
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Chalmers, Heath, Xingjun Fang, and Mark F. Tachie. "Wall Roughness Effects on Turbulent Flow Past a Near-Wall Square Cylinder." In ASME 2022 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2022-86954.

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Abstract Separated turbulent flows induced by two-dimensional square cylinder with different gap heights from a solid wall submerged in a thick turbulent boundary layer are investigated using a time-resolved particle image velocimetry system. Two different upstream wall conditions are implemented to investigate the effects of upstream wall roughness on gap flow. The examined gap ratios between the cylinder and the wall include 0.0, 0.5, and 2.0. The incoming Reynolds number based on the cylinder height and freestream velocity is 12, 750 and the boundary layer thicknesses are 3.6 and 7.2 times
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Kim, Daejoong, and Eric Darve. "Interactions of Wall Roughness and Electroosmotic Flows Inside Nanochannels." In ASME 3rd International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2005-75237.

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We are reporting electroosmotic flows in nanochannels having different surface roughness. Molecular dynamics simulation technique has been applied to understand microscopic or molecular aspects of solid-liquid interactions. The surface roughness in this study was modeled as a succession of expanding and contracting steps along the flow direction, determined by the electric field direction. Water and sodium ion density profiles for the smooth wall show strong layering of water molecules near the solid wall. For rough walls, the density profiles are very similar for all cases except where the st
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Varnik, Fathollah, Dierk Raabe, Michio Tokuyama, Irwin Oppenheim, and Hideya Nishiyama. "Can Microscale Wall Roughness Trigger Unsteady∕Chaotic Flows?" In COMPLEX SYSTEMS: 5th International Workshop on Complex Systems. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2897868.

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Di Francesco, S., A. Zarghami, C. Biscarini, and P. Manciola. "Wall roughness effect in the lattice Boltzmann method." In 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2013: ICNAAM 2013. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4825852.

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Fang, Jun, Dillon Shaver, Aleksandr Obabko, and Milorad Dzodzo. "Direct Resolution of Wall Roughness in Pipe Flow." In Advances in Thermal Hydraulics (ATH 2022). American Nuclear Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/t126-38021.

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ATTENBOROUGH, K. "INFLUENCE OF PORE WALL ROUGHNESS ON SOUND ABSORPTION." In Acoustics 2024. Institute of Acoustics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.25144/23672.

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Langendorf, Samuel J., and Mitchell L. R. Walker. "Effects of wall material, wall temperature, and surface roughness on the plasma sheath." In 2014 IEEE 41st International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS) held with 2014 IEEE International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams (BEAMS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2014.7012222.

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Reports on the topic "Wall roughness"

1

Bowersox, Rodney D. W. Experimental Investigation of High-Speed Boundary Layers with Wall Roughness. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada387235.

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Christensen, Kenneth T. 3D Velocimetry Equipment for Evaluation of Real Roughness Effects in Wall Turbulence. Defense Technical Information Center, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada456833.

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Mejia-Alvarez, Ricardo, and Kenneth T. Christensen. YIP-Low-Order Representations of Irregular Surface Roughness and Their Impact on Wall Turbulence. Defense Technical Information Center, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada528559.

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Christensen, Kenneth T., and Yanhua Wu. Studies of Real Roughness Effects for Improved Modeling and Control of Practical Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows. Defense Technical Information Center, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada480800.

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Hawley. L52363 Ultrasonic Meter Accuracy Shifts Resulting From Grime on the Meter Body and Acoustic Transducers. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010021.

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Similar to most metering technologies, ultrasonic meters are known to be affected by the buildup of material on the inside of the meter and surrounding pipe due to common pipe contaminants. The buildup affects the metering accuracy by reducing the flow area and causing an increase in the gas velocity through the meter, by changing the shape of the velocity profile through the creation of additional roughness elements on the pipe wall, and by altering the ability of the ultrasonic signal to transmit between the transducers. A need existed to investigate accuracy shifts resulting from the grime
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Adrian, R. J., and S. Balachandar. Vortex Packets in Turbulent Boundary Layers with Application to High Reynolds Number Effects, Isolated and Patterned Roughness, Near Wall Modeling and Strategies for Drag Reduction. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada390542.

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Grimley. PR-015-08606-R01 Assessment of Dirty Meter Performance. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010977.

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Like most metering technologies, ultrasonic meters are known to be affected by the buildup of material inside the meter and surrounding pipe due to common pipeline contaminants. The buildup affects the metering accuracy by reducing the flow area sampled by the ultrasonic transducers and by changing the shape of the velocity profile through the creation of additional roughness elements on the pipe wall. The goal of this project was to relate the contamination level to the measurement error. The approach was to evaluate the flow measurement performance of two commercially-available ultrasonic fl
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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Wall roughness' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses
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