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1
Lee, Kang Min, Keun Yeong Oh, Rui Li, Liu Yi Chen, and Woo Seok Kim. "The Analytical Study for Seismic Performance of Coupled Steel Plate Shear Wall." Advanced Materials Research 831 (December 2013): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.831.149.
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In the last several decades, coupled shear wall have become recognized as efficient lateral load resisting systems for high-rise structures, increasingly. Coupled shear walls give considerable lateral stiffness and strength as well as providing an architecturally practical structural system. In this paper, in order to observe seismic performance of coupled steel plate shear wall, models of previous study was verified, and coupled shear wall with steel plate was carried out with various parametric analysis. Parametric analysis was performed with various width of bay. As a result, model that aspect ratio of steel plate was close to 1 was the most structurally safe.
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Bai, Li, Yi Ran Zhang, and Jia Rui Chu. "Energy Conservation Analysis on Self-Thermal Insulation Walls Structural System in Cold Areas." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1778–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1778.
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Analysis of Chinese current development status of wall insulation technology, aim at the importance of building energy conservation in cold areas. Point out that developing energy-saving building wall is the key to development of building energy saving. In this paper, put a kind of an advanced self-thermal insulation walls as an example in Changchun area. Adopt Tsinghua university’s building thermal environmental simulation software DeST-c. Modeling analysis of building’s heating air conditioner operation consumption in the whole year under three different kinds of walls. Through the comparison we know that the structure adopting new self-thermal insulation wall has the most remarkable energy saving effect.
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Yee, Hooi Min, and Siti Isma Hani Ismail. "An Investigation on Bending Capacity of Support Stiffness Wall-Slab Structural System by Using Single Layer and Double Layer of Rebar for Residential Project." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 3670–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.3670.
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Wall-slab structural system is a system suitable for use in the field of high-rise building where the main load resisting system is in the form rigidly connected wall slab member. Concrete vertical walls may serve both architecturally partitions and structurally to carry gravity and lateral loading. Moment transfer of joint is an important aspect for proper structurally functioning of wall-slab system. Hence, the main aim of this study is to investigate experimentally the effect of reinforcement details in the wall on bending capacity for support stiffness in wall-slab system for residential project in Malaysia. A total of six wall specimens were tested based on the specification given by the project contractor. Three of this specimens consisted single layer of rebar while another three specimen consisted of double layer of rebar. The size of the wall-slab’s specimens is 1000mm in length (L), 1080mm in width (W), 1000mm in height (H) and 80mm in thickness (T). The average concrete strength was 23.49MPa with Grade 30N/mm2 and the average yield strength of R5 bar was 817MPa. The predicted bending capacity at failure is in the range from 5.36kNm to 7.12kNm, depending on actual concrete cover. The bending capacity at failure for single layered of rebar in wall for specimen 1, 2 and 3 were found to be 3.59kNm, 3.81kNm and 3.15kNm, respectively. The bending capacity at failure for double layered of rebar in wall for specimen 1, 2 and 3 were 5.50kNm, 6.31kNm and 7.00kNm, respectively. The average percentage difference in stiffness of double layered of rebar in wall based on load-deflection curve obtained is in the range from 116.17% to 289.88% higher than single layered of rebar in wall. Based on the experimental results, specimens consisted of double layered of rebar in wall is found to provide higher bending capacity to the joint of wall-slab structural system in the range from 56.25% to 98.86% compared with single layered of rebar in wall.
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Kui, Dai. "Research of Short-Leg Shear Wall Structure System Function in Multiple Coupled Field." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 2464–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.2464.
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Calculation of Short-leg shear walls structural system is a multi-field coupling problem. Through the research and application of short-leg shear wall structure calculation theory, based on the national codes,the short-leg shear wall design principles are established.It is discussed for the reason of the world's first short-leg shear wall structure design formation and development research. According to short-leg shear wall force characteristics, horizonal displacement is divided into destructive story drift and harmless story drift, the formula for calculating the destructive story drift is obtained, using destructive story drift angle parameters and the change of main section height to control the deformation, to control structural rigidity to ensure the structural design rational purpose.
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Aliaari, Mohammad, and Ali M. Memari. "Development of a Seismic Design Approach for Infill Walls Equipped with Structural Fuse." Open Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (December 28, 2012): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501206010249.
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Presented herein is a seismic design approach developed for a proposed infill wall “structural fuse” system for use in building frames. The purpose of this system is to prevent damage to frame or infill walls due to infill wall-frame in-teraction during potentially damaging earthquakes by isolating them through a “sacrificial” component or a structural fuse. The design approach includes a procedure for design and application of the fuse system in a multi-bay, multi-story build-ing with moment resisting frames. The empirical equation developed to predict the in-plane strength of masonry infill walls equipped with structural fuse is discussed. A calculation method is suggested to specify an appropriate fuse element capacity arrangement in a building frame in order to achieve desirable and controlled structural performance. The design procedure is shown through application to two buildings used for example, a low-rise (4-story) and a mid-rise (8-story) building. The result of the study demonstrates that the proposed isolation system has merits and can potentially improve the seismic performance of masonry infill walls by protecting the infill wall and the frame from damages due to their in-teraction.
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Chen, Liang, and Zhong Fan Chen. "Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Meshwork Cold-Formed Thin-Wall Steel RC Shear Wall." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 1943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1943.
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CTSRC structure is a new composite structural system for residential buildings and it consists of walls and floors which are made of the prefabricated steel skeleton and the infill of concrete. Four pieces of CTSRC shear wall specimens and one piece of RC shear wall specimen are tested under low cyclic lateral loads to study the final failure modes and analyze its structural seismic performance. It shows that the CTSRC shear wall structure possess adequate bearing capacity, fine seismic performance and ductility. CTSRC shear walls are better than RC shear walls in the seismic behavior, and it could replace traditional shear walls structure applying to practical engineering. Inserting ring used for connecting profile steel can transfer stress well and it is recognized as a reasonable construction measure.
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Nurchasanah, Yenny, Muhammad Ujianto, and Abdul Rochman. "Diagonal reinforcement as strengthening to increase the stiffness and strength of concrete frame." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 02033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819502033.
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Two test objects of concrete frame behavior against lateral loading were performed by applying structural analysis with the wall as diagonal reinforcement in modeling. The results of the structural analysis indicated that concrete frames with walls have better performance than concrete frames without walls. Twelve objects consisting of the frame without the wall, frame with the wall, and frames with a group of steel and bamboo as diagonal reinforcement at brick walls and concrete panel walls were tested at the laboratory with monotonic lateral forces that work parallel to the wall as the illustration of earthquake loads. The diagonal reinforcement elements can spread the force received by the wall and increase the strength of the wall as well as enhance the stiffness of the structural system at once. Bracing contributes to increasing the strength, especially in resisting the compressive forces due to the earthquake loads. Deformation occurs in the opposite direction between compression path and tension path at the diagonal area. The failure in the concrete frame can be caused by the in-plane force parallel to the wall. Bamboo is quite effective to be used as a substitute for steel reinforcement as bracing material despite its shortage of steel quality.
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Osman, S. A., Zawawi Samba Mohamed, A. R. Sulaiman, and M. Fikri Ismail. "Experimental Analysis of Interlocking Load Bearing Wall Brickool System." Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (December 2013): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.439.
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This paper presents the results of investigation on structural behavior of the load bearing walls of interlocking bricks system called Brickcool. The model of Brickcool load bearing walls with and without reinforcement were tested in the laboratory until they failed. Both models were prepared with the same dimension of 1.3 m height, 1.0 m wide and 125 mm width. The influence of reinforcement on the deflection and strain of the load bearing walls were examined. Physical and mechanical tests of the individual brick were also been carried out. Results of this study proved that the model of load bearing wall with reinforcement have higher failure load with lower displacement at the top of the wall. The presence of reinforcement in strengthening the wall panel also increase the compression and tension strain compared to the wall panel without reinforcement. The physical and mechanical test results also found that the bricks have satisfied the minimum requirement values set by the British and American Standards.
9
Hanson, Robert D. "Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Members Damaged by Earthquakes." Earthquake Spectra 12, no. 3 (August 1996): 457–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585893.
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A number of building authorities have included or are proposing to include loss in lateral capacity of the structural system caused by earthquake damage as a basis for requiring specific degrees of seismic repair and upgrades of the damaged members or of the entire structural system. Attempts have been made to apply this criteria through the size of cracks in reinforced concrete walls. This paper reviews experimental results which demonstrate that size of wall crack is not directly related to a reduction in wall capacity. The effectiveness of various wall crack repair techniques on restoring wall characteristics is discussed.
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SEGURA-CASTILLO, Luis, Antonio AGUADO, Albert DE LA FUENTE ANTEQUERA, and Alejandro JOSA. "BI-LAYER DIAPHRAGM WALLS: STRUCTURAL AND SECTIONAL ANALYSIS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 22, no. 5 (September 4, 2015): 645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.914085.
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The bi-layer diaphragm wall, a new slurry wall type designed to cope with the problem of watertightness is studied in this paper. These walls consist of two bonded concrete layers, the first, a conventional Reinforced Concrete (RC) diaphragm wall, and the second, a Sprayed Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC). The main objective of this paper is to analyze the structural and sectional behaviour of these walls. A study in the form of an uncoupled structural-section analysis based on various hypothetical cases of bi-layer diaphragm walls was performed to fulfil the objective. It is concluded that there exists a potential of reduction in the reinforcement of the RC layer through the structural use of the SFRC layer. However, when the reduction is quantified, even though a reduction of between 3.2% and 1.7% in the RC reinforcement is confirmed, it appears insufficient to offer a cost-effective solution. Nonetheless, the system becomes a promising solution when particular conditions are taken into account, such as basement space limitations.
11
Wibowo, Leonardus Setia Budi, and Dermawan Zebua. "Analisis Pengaruh Lokasi Dinding Geser Terhadap Pergeseran Lateral Bangunan Bertingkat Beton Bertulang 5 Lantai." Ge-STRAM: Jurnal Perencanaan dan Rekayasa Sipil 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/jprs.v4i1.3490.
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Indonesia is one of the countries in the earthquake region. Therefore, it is necessary to build earthquake-resistant buildings to reduce the risk of material and life losses. Reinforced Concrete (RC) shear walls is one of effective structure element to resist earthquake forces. Applying RC shear wall can effectively reduce the displacement and story-drift of the structure. This research aims to study the effect of shear wall location in symmetric medium-rise building due to seismic loading. The symmetric medium rise-building is analyzed for earthquake force by considering two types of structural system. i.e. Frame system and Dual system. First model is open frame structural system and other three models are dual type structural system. The frame with shear walls at core and centrally placed at exterior frames showed significant reduction more than 80% lateral displacement at the top of structure.
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Zhang, Wei Jing, Yi Nan Du, and Jia Ru Qian. "Experimental Research on Seismic Performance of Cast-In Situ RC Grillage Shear Walls Formed with Heat Preservation Hollow Blocks." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 672–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.672.
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As a new type of structural system, the cast-in-situ reinforced concrete grillage shear wall system has functions of formwork, strength and heat preservation at the same time. It is suitable for residential buildings in seismic and non-seismic areas. The results of quasi-static tests on 20 specimens of small and large grid size grillage shear walls with different shear span ratios show that: both of small and large grid size grillage shear walls have excellent seismic performance; shear or bending deformation of horizontal and vertical limbs dissipate seismic energy so the elastic-plastic deformability of grillage shear walls meet the requirements of shear wall structure under strong earthquakes; the bearing capacity of grillage shear wall was calculated with formulas used for solid RC shear walls. The equivalent thickness of grillage shear wall equalized as solid shear wall is determined by elastic finite element analysis.
13
Yang, Wei Guo, and Xing Po Li. "Effects of Different Structural Systems on Lateral Rigidity of Steel Structural Frames." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 1877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.1877.
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To understand the effect of filler walls on lateral rigidity of steel frame, Some methods such as theoretical analysis, finite elements calculation and experiment study were carried out to do research on the resistant-lateral effectiveness and the steel consumption of the three different structural systems, namely steel frame, frame-bracing and frame-board. The results show that the frame-board system can improve the structural lateral rigidity effectively, and will enhance the structural fundamental natural frequency sharply as well as reducing the structural steel consumption. It is an effective method for improving structural lateral rigidity to utilize the frame filled with wall panel. Making fully use of lateral rigidity of the wall panel can reduce the size of beam and column cross-section, material consumption and project cost.
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Watkins, Jonathan, Sri Sritharan, Takuya Nagae, and Richard S. Henry. "Computational modelling of a four storey post-tensioned concrete building subjected to shake table testing." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 50, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 595–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.50.4.595-607.
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Prior research into low-damage wall systems has predominately focused on the walls behaviour in isolation from other building components. Although the response of these isolated walls has been shown to perform well when subjected to both cyclic and dynamic loading, uncertainty exists when considering the effect of interactions between walls and other structural and non-structural components on the seismic response and performance of entire buildings. To help address this uncertainty a computational model was developed to simulate the response of a full-scale four-storey building with post-tensioned precast concrete walls that was subjected to tri-axial earthquake demands on the E-Defence shake table. The model accurately captured the buildings measured response by incorporating the in-plane and out-of-plane non-linear behaviour of both the wall and floor elements. The model was able to simulate the deformation demands imposed on the floor due to compatibility with the post-tensioned walls, closely matching the behaviour and damage observed during the test. Dynamic loading and wall-to-floor interaction were shown to significantly increase the over-strength actions that developed when compared to the wall system considered in isolation.
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Kim, Han-Soo, Yi-Tao Huang, and Hui-Jing Jin. "Influence of Multiple Openings on Reinforced Concrete Outrigger Walls in a Tall Building." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (November 15, 2019): 4913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224913.
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Outrigger systems have been used to control the lateral displacement of tall buildings. Reinforced concrete (R.C.) outrigger walls with openings can be used to replace conventional steel outrigger trusses. In this paper, a structural model for an R.C. outrigger wall with multiple openings was proposed, and the effects of the multiple openings on the stiffness and strength of the outrigger walls were evaluated. The equivalent bending stiffness of the outrigger wall was derived to predict the lateral displacement at the top of tall buildings and internal shear force developed in the wall. The openings for the passageway in the wall were designed by the strut-and-tie model. The stiffness and strength of the outrigger wall with multiple openings was analyzed by the nonlinear finite element analysis. Taking into consideration the degradation in stiffness and strength, the ratio of the opening area to the outrigger wall area is recommended to be less than 20%. The degradation of stiffness due to openings does not affect the structural performance of the outrigger system when the outrigger has already large stiffness as the case of reinforced concrete outrigger walls.
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Ha, Yongsoo, Gichul Kweon, and Yuntae Kim. "Monitoring Technique Using a Vision-based Single-Camera System for Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 20, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2020.20.6.209.
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Reinforced soil retaining walls are widely applied, and their frequency of collapse increases along with their use. Safety inspections are regularly conducted to ensure the structural safety of such walls. However, unexpected collapses occur for different reasons, such as design and construction problems, maintenance issues, and natural disasters including intensive rainfall. In this study, a single-camera system is proposed to evaluate the behavior of a retaining wall based on a single-perspective image. Various feature matching methods were compared to determine the optimal method for monitoring the retaining wall structure. The behaviors of the retaining wall structure were analyzed using the optimal method. The results indicate that the KAZE method provides the best results for monitoring the behaviors of a retaining wall, with errors ranging from 0.03% to 7.37%. The proposed single-camera system is widely used to evaluate the stability of a structure with high accuracy.
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Shi, Yun, Mingzhou Su, Lu Jiang, Qiaoling Zhou, Lingyu Guan, Yukun Yang, and Lili Zhang. "Seismic Response Analysis and Connection Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Coupled PEC Wall System." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (January 31, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8139697.
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This paper proposes a hybrid coupled partially encased composite (PEC) wall system, obtained through the connection of two PEC walls by means of the shear critical steel coupling beams with an innovative welded connection. This structural solution is designed to take advantage of both the stiffness of the PEC walls (required to limit building damage under frequent earthquakes) and the ductility of the steel coupling beams (necessary to dissipate energy under medium-intensity and high-intensity earthquakes). The connection performance of an innovative rigid joint with different configurations in this system is studied through pseudostatic analysis, and the seismic performance of the proposed hybrid coupled PEC wall system is evaluated through multirecord nonlinear dynamic analysis of a set of case studies. Adopted finite element models are developed and validated against the available experimental results. A summary of the results is presented and discussed to highlight the potential of the proposed hybrid coupled PEC wall systems. The key feature of this system is development of a reasonable two-level yielding mechanism (the first level is the yielding of the coupling beams, and the second level is the yielding of the PEC wall) without damage to the welded joints.
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Zavala, Carlos, Luis Lavado, Jenny Taira, Lourdes Cardenas, and Miguel Diaz. "Comparison of Behaviors of Non-Engineered Masonry Tubular Block Walls and Solid Engineered Walls." Journal of Disaster Research 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2014): 1021–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2014.p1021.
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In Peru, the most commonly used structural system for housing construction is based on confined masonry walls. Solid engineered walls are regulated by the NTE-E070 standard, which lays down a required degree of earthquake resilience. However, around 60% of the population lives in non-engineered houses that use tubular blocks for their walls. This paper presents a comparison of the behaviors of non-engineered tubular block walls and solid engineered walls. Tests were performed on a tubular brick wall by subjecting it to horizontal cyclic loading to examine the effects under a constant axial load of 20 tf. Then, the test results were compared with those for walls in the CISMID Structural Lab database. The resistance of the tubular brick wall in terms of shear stress was found to be relatively low, having an average value of 4 kg/cm2, while the solid walls can withstand a shear stress in excess of 5.5 kg/cm2.
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Akmilah, Nur, and Ong Chong Yong. "Precast Concrete Soldier Pile System with Corrugated Section Post for Riverbank Protection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.457.
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Gabions, rubble stone walls, L-shape concrete retaining wall and revetments are commonly used for riverbank protection against base scouring and soil slope erosion. These conventional solutions for low retaining wall structures are relatively cheap and easy to execute. However, they are proven not lasting with high maintenance costs. Although steel sheetpile walls are structures with better performance for slope stabilization purpose, they are very expensive to build and maintain against corrosion. To address the problem, a new precast concrete soldier pile wall system was developed to provide a permanent and relatively economical solution with several innovative features. The system is comprised of a series of precast posts driven to the predetermined depth and secondary precast lagging elements secured between posts to support the retained earths. The structural capacity that resists lateral load is derived from passive earth pressure mobilized in front the embedded body to toe of the posts. The lagging elements are installed at 0.5m to 1.0m below the river invert levels to provide protection against base scouring. The precast posts and laggings take the efficient structural shape of corrugated section. They are jointed with a specially designed tongue and groove (T&G) slots to facilitate installation. A pilot project where such innovative solution is presented.
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Li, Bo, Guihe Wang, Cangqin Jia, Jun Ren, Gaofeng Lu, and Nannan Liu. "A Modified Elastic Foundation Beam Method for Analyzing Lateral Wall Deformation in Excavations with Cross Wall." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (July 23, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8838489.
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Cross walls have been used as alternative auxiliary measures to protect buildings in some areas of Asia. Realizing the inadequacy of the classical Winkler foundation to predict the deflection of the diaphragm wall with cross wall, a modified Winkler foundation of the finite element method (MEFB) was formulated in this paper. Then, the MEFB method was verified through two excavation cases and applied in a new well-documented excavation history. Results showed that the wall deflection by the proposed method was line with the 3D numerical analysis and field observations but smaller than that of classical Winkler’s elastic foundation (EFB) method. The maximum deformation calculated by the MEFB method was predicted to have a reduction of 40∼60% compared to those of the EFB method. Meanwhile, the wall deformation was minimum at the location of cross walls and reaches the maximum value at the midline between two cross walls. Besides, the plane strain ratio PSR d based on the MEFB method was defined to study the interval L , the embedded depth, and arrangement of cross walls. The results indicated the MEFB method was used successfully as a more accurate method than Winkler foundation and is simpler than 3D numerical analysis method for the engineering design of the diaphragm-cross wall system during excavation.
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Das, Prabir K., Anthony L. Ricci, Huang Ni, and Paul Harrington. "Use of Soldier Pile–Tremie Concrete Slurry Walls as Permanent Tunnel Walls." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1541, no. 1 (January 1996): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154100120.
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The analysis and design of soldier pile–tremie concrete (SPTC) slurry walls for the Massachusetts Highway Department's (MHD) Central Artery/Tunnel (CA/T) Project in downtown Boston are discussed. Unlike most slurry walls, which are used as temporary support for excavation during construction, these SPTC walls are designed also as the permanent wall system for the tunnels. The CA/T includes more than 6.1 km (20,000 ft) of slurry walls. Most of the walls are designed and are to be constructed as SPTC walls. Steel wide-flange soldier piles are installed at 1.21- to 1.83-m (4- to 6-ft) spacings in a slurry trench, and the tremie concrete is placed to form the concrete wall. The steel wide-flange piles form the primary support system for the wall. In most of the locations, the concrete is designed to act as “lagging” spanning between the structural steel members. The concrete base slab is rigidly connected to the SPTC walls, and the composite roof is pin-connected to the walls to form the tunnel. The following topics are discussed after an introduction to the project: geotechnical conditions, design concept of the SPTC slurry walls, design consideration, underpinning of the existing Central Artery, and low head-room construction.
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Maehara, Kazuki, Akihiro Hamanaka, Takashi Sasaoka, Hideki Shimada, and Seiya Sakuma. "Study on Control of Wall Deflection in Earth Stepped-Twin Retaining Wall Using Anchor Method by means of Numerical Simulation." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (January 23, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2710954.
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The demand for specific earth retaining wall methods is increasing along with the advancement and overcrowding of underground space use such as the presence of adjacent structures in an urban area. To cope with this, the method named earth stepped-twin retaining wall is increasingly being applied. However, there is a concern about the workplace if the earth pressure causes a heaving and pressing phenomenon from both ends of the retaining wall in the earth stepped-twin retaining wall. Therefore, we proposed the application of an anchor method that contains the inner and outer walls by using numerical simulation. The effects of the difference in soil properties, the horizontal distance between the outer and inner walls, and the depth of the outer wall embedment on the anchor were investigated. The results of this study show that the wall deflection of the inner wall could improve by adopting the anchor support. Besides, it was found that the inner wall can be efficiently suppressed by adopting the hybrid system with anchors and struts according to the soil properties, horizontal distance, and the depth of the outer wall.
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Kim, Taewan, Douglas A. Foutch, James Wilcoski, and James M. LaFave. "Response Modification Factors for RC Case-Study Buildings with Structural Walls." Earthquake Spectra 25, no. 4 (November 2009): 803–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3240398.
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A rational approach for determining the response modification factor, [Formula: see text], has been applied to reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall buildings designed under current codes and standards of practice. The approach is founded upon the performance-based evaluation framework from the SAC project; however, new values for various parameters were derived specifically for RC shear wall buildings because the SAC parameters were for steel moment frame buildings. Typical RC shear wall buildings were designed consisting of solid, flexure-dominated structural walls for lateral load resistance and a flat plate floor system for gravity loads. The performance of each building was then evaluated by calculating the confidence level of achieving the design objective. The buildings designed per the current [Formula: see text]-value of 6 demonstrated good performances, meaning that the confidence levels of avoiding collapse were greater than the target value of 90%. The confidence levels for shear wall buildings with greater [Formula: see text]-values were also determined, suggesting that further study could provide the basis for justifying an [Formula: see text]-value of 7 for the special RC shear wall structural system.
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Pakizeh, Mohammad Rezaeian, Abdul Kadir Marsono, and Masine M. Tap. "Structural System of Safe House against Tornado and Earthquakes." Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (December 2013): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.449.
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Every year earthquakes, tornadoes and other extreme windstorm cause fatalities or even kill people, devastate and millions of dollars worth of property. The likelihood that a tornado will strike building is a matter of probability. The study describes the analysis and design, the engineering process the new type of tornado safe room (Fig. 1) according to the FEMA guidance. It also evaluates the effects of in-fill frames and the linear response of reinforced concrete braced frames and comparison with frames with shear wall. The main conclusion drawn from this study is to elaborate that the masonry in-fills, are strongly influence the structural seismic response and contribute to the overall stiffness and can decrease drifts and displacements. Infill walls have significant role in the strength and ductility of RC framed structures and should be considered in both analysis and design globally. These walls make the structure significantly stiffer, and reduce the natural period of the structure. Locally, infill walls changed the load path, the distribution of forces between different elements of the structure, and the change the demand of forces on their adjacent elements of the bounding frame. Due to the high relative stiffness of the infill frames, they act as the main lateral load-resisting system and attract larger portions of the earthquake and tornado induced inertia forces.
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Bedov, Anatoly, Azat Gabitov, Askar Gaysin, and Alexander Salov. "Engineering solutions for heart efficient exterior walls in climatic condition of the Republic of Bashkortostan." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 02039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199702039.
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Problems and disadvantages of some technical solutions concerning modern heat efficient exterior walls are considered herein under experience of engineering, construction and operation of residential and civil buildings in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Special attention is paid to defects in engineering and erection of three-layer walls, and functioning principles of all components of the wall are strictly fixed. Recommendation to increase maintenance-free service life by meeting special engineering requirements are given herein. Effect to increase buildings heat insulation is achieved by: reducing heat loss through separate enclosing structures and heat insulating shells of the building thereby enabling to reduce thermal power requirements; improving heat acceptability in rooms by decreasing rate of radiative and convective heat exchange in outer surface of enclosures; reducing environmental pollution due to air emissions reduction. Exterior wall insulation is the important element of the building heat balance. Many researchers in this field currently focus on analysis of series of residential buildings with different number of storeys made by engineering solutions for exterior walls to increase heat homogeneity thereof. Subject: main engineering solutions for heat efficient exterior walls. Objectives: three-layer wall constructed of masonry units; exterior three-layer wall within 121u panel series; three-layer wall of “Ventilated façade” system; façade heat insulation with plaster on lath; wall made of load-bearing structural insulating materials. Materials and methods: calculation of reduced total thermal resistance in exterior walls. Results: one of the most efficient methods to meet specific heat-shielding performance requirements is to increase heat homogeneity of the exterior wall. Conclusions: in the short term structural components of three-layer exterior walls are to be upgraded according to construction rules and regulations SNiP 23-02-2003 “Buildings Heat Insulation” thereby enabling the engineering solutions to meet the appropriate norms and rules.
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Braguim, T. C., and T. N. Bittencourt. "Design of reinforced concrete walls casted in place for the maximum normal stress of compression." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 7, no. 3 (June 2014): 498–533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952014000300008.
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It is important to evaluate which designing models are safe and appropriate to structural analysis of buildings constructed in Concrete Wall system. In this work it is evaluated, through comparison of maximum normal stress of compression, a simple numerical model, which represents the walls with frame elements, with another much more robust and refined, which represents the walls with shells elements. The designing of the normal stress of compression it is done for both cases, based on NBR 16055, to conclude if the wall thickness initially adopted, it is enough or not.
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Barnet, Yann, and Faouzi Jabrane. "Conectores de extremidades de bambú para estructuras exploración de un sistema de incrustación en la pared interna del tallo." Campus 24, no. 27 (June 30, 2019): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24265/campus.2019.v24n27.05.
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Yang, De Jian, and Zong Chen. "Analysis to Earthquake Resistant Behavior of Composite Steel Plate Shear Wall Based on ABAQUS Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 1506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.1506.
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The structural system and seismic performance of the composite shear wall are analyzed based on the horizontal load model tests. The test models are three groups of combined shear walls with shear span of 1.5, including an ordinary shear wall, a shear wall with vertical steel plates and a shear wall with transverse steel plates. The finite element software ABAQUS is used to build the calculation model of the shear wall structure. And the analysis the influence of steel plates to bearing capacity, ductility, and stiffness of shear wall are carried out. The research results indicate that the combination shear wall has good seismic behaviors.
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Lee, Heonseok, Myunghwan Oh, Junwon Seo, and Woosuk Kim. "Seismic and Energy Performance Evaluation of Large-Scale Curtain Walls Subjected to Displacement Control Fasteners." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 6725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156725.
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Glass façade curtain walls in buildings is the façade system of choice in modern architecture of mid- to high-rise buildings. This study investigates the seismic and thermal insulation performance of curtain wall systems through structural analysis using the finite element method (FEM) and LBNL Window&Therm insulation analysis. The aim was to optimize the capability of the curtain wall module system and the fastener element technology to respond to displacement and vibration caused by dynamic seismic waves. Using the structural analysis of the optimization process, a curtain wall system capable of withstanding earthquake waves of 0.4 Hz, displacement of ±150 mm or more, and capable of responding to three-axis (X, Y, and Z-axis) dynamic earthquakes, was fabricated. Then, a curtain wall system that satisfies not only the evaluation of seismic performance, but also the desired airtightness, watertightness, wind pressure, and insulation, which are essential requirements for field applications, was verified through an experiment. Based on this study, it is expected that a curtain wall system capable of responding to three-axis dynamic seismic waves can be applied to mid- and high-rise buildings to prevent secondary damage in the event of an earthquake.
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Kim, Gwang Hee, Hyun Woo Joh, Young Do Lee, and Yoon Seok Shin. "A Case Study of Reinforced Self-Supported Retaining Wall (RSW)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2799.
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With increasing land prices and a lack of space in urban areas, urban construction sites are requiring deeper and larger excavations. For this reason, excavation is becoming more important. With deeper excavation, the retaining wall system needs to be adjusted, and a support system for retaining walls needs to be established so that the construction can resist the soil pressure. This can have potential problems depending on construction costs, the duration of construction, and the quality of structural frame. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the conventional retaining wall system with the use of a Reinforcement Self-Supported Retaining Wall (RSW). This study revealed that the construction costs of RSW are 4 percent lower than those for the conventional retaining wall system.
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Barcan, Mihaela, Ionel Chirica, and Elena-Felicia Beznea. "Numerical Vibro-Acoustic Analysis of a Ship Compartment Structure." ITM Web of Conferences 29 (2019): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20192902015.
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This paper investigates the vibro-acoustic problems of an elastic compartment structure (wheel house) belonging to a ship, coupled to the enclosed air. The excitations from the structural walls of the room by the sound source cause vibrations throughout the system and noise within the acoustic domain. Due to the coupling between the structural vibrations and acoustic pressure field, these systems are typically referred to as vibro-acoustic systems. The acoustic excitations and vibrations on the structural walls of a ship structure, however, are significantly larger and have a much more significant effect to the structural integrity of the ship. In order to determine whether coupled responses are needed, three frequency analyses have been performed: calculus of the first 5 natural frequencies of the fluid separately, the structure separately, and the fluid-structure coupled system. The wall thickness of the room walls is of 5 mm and made of layered composite. The stress analysis of the model at a highly participating structural mode is performed.
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Zhang, Jia Chao, Lei Ming Zhang, and Xi La Liu. "A Beam-and-Column Based Macro Model for Masonry Infill Walls in RC Frames under Cyclic Loading." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.193.
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Reinforced concrete (RC) frame with masonry infill walls is a very common structural system in low and medium rise buildings. The infill walls are usually considered as non-structural components in the design or assessment of buildings. However, many damages in earthquakes have shown that the infill walls can significantly change the structural response to seismic action. Consequently the evaluation of the seismic performance of RC frame with masonry infill walls becomes very important, and also turns to be a major challenge for structure engineers. In this paper a beam-and-column (BAC) macro model for walls is proposed to simulate the masonry infill walls in RC frames. In this model, the masonry panel is replaced by an equivalent rigid frame which is made up of some beam-and-column members. The geometric parameters of each member can be determined simply by equivalent stiffness combined with the original dimensions of wall panel. The physical characteristics are described directly by material properties of wall panel under investigation. To validate the rationality of proposed model, a masonry-infilled RC frame under cyclic reversed loading is analyzed by the proposed model. The results, including crack pattern, load versus displacement relation are then compared with the experiment response. Good agreements are found.
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Yee, Hooi Min, Rohamezan Rohim, and Ong Chong Yong. "Experimental Study on Bending Capacity of Plain Wall System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 187 (June 2012): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.187.157.
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Plain wall system is highly suitable to be used with reinforced concrete as its building material. Concrete vertical walls may serve both architecturally partitions and structurally to carry gravity and lateral loading. Moment transfer of joint is an important aspect for proper structurally functioning of plain wall system. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate experimentally the effect of reinforcement details in the wall on bending capacity for support stiffness in plain wall system in Malaysia. A total of six wall specimens were tested. Three of this specimens consisted single layer of rebar while another three specimen consisted of double layer of rebar. The size of the plain wall’s specimens is 1000mm in length, 1080mm in width, 1000mm in height and 80mm in thickness. The average concrete strength was 23.49MPa with Grade 30N/mm2 and the average yield strength of R5 bar was 817MPa. The bending capacity at failure for single layered of rebar in wall for specimen 1, 2 and 3 were found to be 3.59kNm, 3.81kNm and 3.15kNm, respectively. The bending capacity at failure for double layered of rebar in wall for specimen 1, 2 and 3 were 5.50kNm, 6.31kNm and 7.00kNm, respectively. Based on the results, specimens consisted of double layered of rebar in wall is found to provide higher bending capacity to the joint of plain wall system in the range from 56.25% to 98.86% compared with single layered of rebar in wall.
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Baetu, Sergiu Andrei, A. H. Barbat, and Ioan Petru Ciongradi. "Seismic damage evaluation of reinforced concrete slit walls." Engineering Computations 32, no. 2 (April 20, 2015): 424–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-04-2013-0106.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate a dissipative reinforced concrete structural wall that can improve the behavior of a tall multi-storey building. The main objective is to evaluate the damage of a dissipative wall in comparison with that of a solid wall. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, a comparative nonlinear dynamic analysis between a dissipative wall and a solid wall is performed by means of SAP2000 software and using a layer model. The solution to increase the seismic performance of a reinforced concrete structural wall is to create a slit zone with short connections. The short connections are introduced as a link element with multi-linear pivot hysteretic plasticity behavior. The behavior of these short connections is modeled using the finite element software ANSYS 12. In this study, the authors propose to evaluate the damage of reinforced concrete slit walls with short connections using seismic analysis. Findings – Using the computational model created in the second section of the paper, a seismic analysis of a dissipative wall from a multi-storey building was done in the third section. From the results obtained, the advantages of the proposed model are observed. Originality/value – A simple computational model was created that consume low processing resources and reduces processing time for a dynamic pushover analysis. Unlike other studies on slit walls with short connections, which are focussed mostly on the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the short connections, in this paper the authors take into consideration the whole structural system, wall and connections.
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Yoon, Seung Joe, Soo Yeon Seo, and Chang Sik Kim. "Seismic Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Frame Strengthened with In-Filled Wall Using Embedded Form." Applied Mechanics and Materials 236-237 (November 2012): 636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.236-237.636.
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This study includes the development of the seismic retrofit technology that structural frame of building is strengthened by installing additional wall with embedded form after demolition of the inner walls of unreinforced masonry wall including the exterior design walls. In addition, this paper involves the earthquake resistant performance evaluation of the system through an experimental work. From the test, it was turned out that as for the maximum strength of the specimens, the maximum load was similar regardless of whether using the embedded form. However, EF-IW-H1(embedded form) specimen with the form hardware embedded in the wall during retrofit resulted in ductile behavior of the, which shows the effect on the embedded form in a sense.
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Yang, Run Lin, Li Zhao, Juan Hua Zhou, and Yuan Li. "Study on Impact-Resistant Performance of Structural Wall with Different Protective Layers." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 618–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.618.
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Traditional design of structural members is considered less collision effects, so it may be possible to cause damage due to impact loads. In view of this, impact-resistant performance of the concrete wall with different protective layers was analyzed. In the process of the numerical simulation, the observed walls with three different measures including the unprotected, the rigid protective and the flexible protective one were considered separately. Protective effects of the different measures were compared and analyzed by observing the stress, the strain, the velocity and acceleration of the target wall. Numerical results show that the flexible protective system works better. The flexible protective layer of the wall may have a significant impact on the protective effect such as suppression of the peak impact response.
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Ren, Wen Jie, Zhi Cheng Ma, and Zhi Qiang Wang. "Research on Seismic Behavior of Infilled Frame Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 2148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.2148.
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The infilled frame structure is a kind of structural system used widely in the industrial and civil building. Although the infill walls are no-load-bearing components, the walls are also subjected to some earthquake actions. During some domestic and foreign large earthquakes in recent years, the infill wall were destroyed seriously and the frame were destroyed lightly. The damage of the infill wall not only influences the application of the building, but also increases repair costs for restoring the building, seriously, even endangers the life safety. This paper analyzes the influence of the connection method between the infill wall and the frame on the seismic behaviors of the infilled frame structure. Finally, some new technologies to protect the infill wall and the frame from damage under earthquake are introduced.
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Fernando, Dilum, JG Teng, Joseph Gattas, and Michael Heitzmann. "Hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber thin-walled structural members." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 9 (December 15, 2017): 1409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433217739709.
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The increasing interest in timber as a sustainable construction material has led to the development of a new type of structures referred to as ‘hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber thin-walled structures’. In these structures, thin layers of fibre-reinforced polymer are combined with timber veneers to create high-performance, lightweight and easy-to-construct structural members. This new type of structural members harnesses the orthotropic properties of both timber and fibre-reinforced polymer by appropriately orientating material fibre directions for optimal composite properties as well as efficient thin-walled cross-sectional shapes. Hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber thin-walled members can be used in many applications such as load-bearing walls, roofs, floor panels and bridge decks. This article describes several novel hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber structural member forms and presents results from a preliminary experimental investigation into the compressive behaviour of hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber wall panels. A comparison of behaviour between a hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber wall panel and a pure timber wall panel is presented to show that the hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber system significantly outperforms the pure timber system in terms of both load resistance and axial strain at failure.
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Wang, Yu Liang, Ming Xing He, and Xiao Jie Zhou. "Wall-Frame and Hollow Shear Wall Structural System and its Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.356.
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Wall-frame and hollow shear wall structure system is composited of Window hole wall designed wall-frame and horizontal wall designed hollow shear wall. The system is less weight and earthquake effect than the solid shear wall system, and has a good ductility. At the same time, the system has simple construction, high economic efficiency and good energy-saving emission reduction effect.
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Yuan, Quan, Meng Guo, Peng Fei Li, and Qian Feng Yao. "Calculation Method of the Horizontal Displacement on the Multi-Grid Composite Wall-Shear Wall Structure." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 706–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.706.
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The multi-grid composite wall-shear wall structure (the hybrid structure discussed in this paper) is a new dual structural system consisting of the multi-grid composite walls and the RC shear walls. Because of the shear deformation of the composite walls subject to arbitrary loads, it is not accurate to calculate the horizontal displacement of the hybrid structure by using the displacement formulations of the frame-shear wall structure. And therefore, a displacement calculation method for the hybrid structure subjected to horizontal loads should be proposed. In this paper, the composite walls are viewed as shear-flexural type cantilever walls and the shear walls as flexural type cantilever walls. Based on the Timoshenko beam theory, the displacement differential equation of the hybrid structure is proposed by the continuum method. The analytical solutions of the displacement equation for the hybrid structure subject to the inverse triangle load are obtained with boundary conditions. The example indicates that the lateral displacement curve of the hybrid structure from the proposed method exhibits a shear-flexural type characteristic in which the shear deformation should not be ignored.
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Paulay, T. "Seismic response of structural walls: recent developments." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): 922–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l01-054.
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It is postulated that for purposes of seismic design, the ductile behaviour of lateral force-resisting wall components, elements, and indeed the entire system can be satisfactorily simulated by bilinear forcedisplacement modeling. This enables displacement relationships between the system and its constituent components at a particular limit state to be readily established. To this end, some widely used fallacies, relevant to the transition from the elastic to the plastic domain of behaviour, are exposed. A redefinition of stiffness and yield displacement allows more realistic predictions of the important feature of seismic response, component displacements, to be made. The concepts are rational, yet very simple. Their applications are interwoven with the designer's intentions. Contrary to current design practice, whereby a specific global displacement ductility capacity is prescribed for a particular structural class, the designer can determine the acceptable displacement demand to be imposed on the system. This should protect critical components against excessive displacements. Specific intended displacement demands and capacities of systems comprising reinforced concrete cantilever and coupled walls can be estimated.Key words: ductility, displacements, reinforced concrete, seismic design, stiffness, structural walls.
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Correal, Juan Francisco, and Sebastian Varela. "Experimental Study of Glued Laminated Guadua Bamboo Panel as an Alternative Shear Wall Sheathing Material." Key Engineering Materials 517 (June 2012): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.164.
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Wood frame buildings have shown good performance on past earthquakes mainly because the lateral system of those buildings was able to dissipate energy without significant loss of lateral capacity. Typically, the lateral load resisting system is provided by wood shear walls, which consist of a wood frame sheathed with wood or wood-based composites, such as Plywood or OSB panels. Taking into account the increasing forest demand for wood, there is a global need to find alternative energy-efficient, renewable and eco-friendly construction materials. Giant bamboo like Guadua Angustifolia kunt emerges as an interesting construction material, since it has a fast growing rate (3 to 4 years), high strength to weight ratio and high carbon (CO2) capture capabilities. Results of a past study conducted at the Universidad de los Andes in Bogotá-Colombia reported that Glued Laminated Guadua Bamboo (GLG) has mechanical properties comparable to those of the best structural timbers in Colombia. Potential applications of GLG include not only laminated beams and columns, but also structural panels to be used as a sheathing material for wood frame shear walls. A comprehensive experimental study has been performed on GLG sheathed shear walls in order to find an alternative sheathing material for wood frame buildings as well as to explore their possible application for residential and/or commercial construction in Colombia. A series of tests were conducted on full-size shear wall specimens in order to study the influence of the wall aspect ratio and the edge nail spacing on the shear wall performance. Based on cyclic tests on shear walls, it was found that the stiffness and maximum load carrying capacity of the wall increases as edge nail spacing decreases. In contrast, the displacement ductility capacity decreases, since the rotation of the panels is restricted when the edge nail spacing is reduced. Experimental results also revealed that stiffness, maximum load capacity, and ductility of the GLG sheathed shear walls are not affected by the aspect ratio of the wall. The final stage of the present study included dynamic shake-table tests on full-size one and two-story housing units using GLG sheathed shear walls. Results showed that the units had similar performance characteristics to those of OSB and Plywood sheathed shear walls, and it was concluded that wood-GLG combination could be a viable construction alternative from a structural point of view.
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Celik, Ozan Cem, Haluk Sucuoğlu, and Ugurhan Akyuz. "Forced Vibration Testing and Finite Element Modeling of a Nine-Story Reinforced Concrete Flat Plate-Wall Building." Earthquake Spectra 31, no. 2 (May 2015): 1069–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/091212eqs287m.
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Tunnel form buildings, owing to their higher construction speed and quality, lower cost, and superior earthquake resistance over that of conventional reinforced concrete buildings, have been widely used for mass housing, urban renewal, and post-earthquake reconstruction projects all over the world as well as in Turkey. However, there have been few dynamic tests performed on existing buildings with this structural system. This study investigates the dynamic structural properties of a typical nine-story reinforced concrete flat plate-wall building by forced vibration testing and develops its three-dimensional (3-D) linear elastic finite element structural model. The finite element model that uses the modulus of elasticity for concrete in ACI 318 predicts the natural vibration periods well. Mode shapes are also in good agreement with the test results. Door and window openings in the shear walls, and the basement with peripheral wall emerge as modeling considerations that have the most significant impact on structural system dynamic properties.
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Eusuf, Muhammad Abu, Khairuddin Abdur Rashid, Wira Mohd Noor, and Abdullah Al Hasan. "Shear Wall Construction in Buildings: A Conceptual Framework on the Aspect of Analysis and Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 706–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.706.
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This study describes the analysis and design process of shear wall construction, which is applied in various types of building construction. Shear walls resist lateral forces viz. earthquake force and wind force for high-rise structure and gravity load for all type of structure. Besides, Buildings with cast-in-situ reinforced concrete shear walls are widely used in earthquake-prone area and regions in the world. Research methods were confined to library research and employed software for analysis. The analytical accuracy of complex shear wall system have always been of concern to the civil and structural Engineering system. The software of this system is performed on the platform of modelling and then, the system models are usually idealized as line elements instead of continuum elements. Single walls are modelled as cantilevers and walls with openings are modelled as pier/ spandrel systems. In order to find the stiffness, the simple systems models can provide reasonable results. It has always been accepted that a scale based model in the FEM is exact and justifiable.
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Osman, Bashir H., and Zhongfan Chen. "Experimental Studies on the Behaviors of New Energy-Saving Concrete Self-Insulating Load-Bearing Block Wall under Low-Cycle Cyclic Loading." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (October 4, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4214532.
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Masonry walls are usually designed to resist the effect of lateral and gravity loads resulting from wind or earthquake excitations. This research aimed at investigating the inelastic behavior of a new energy-saving concrete self-insulating load-bearing block wall (ECSLBW) under in-plane cyclic loading. To provide stronger bond between the concrete block units better than the ordinary concrete masonry units, a new masonry system of concrete blocks with special configurations was made. In this experiment, three new self-insulated block wall specimens were designed, manufactured, and tested. Furthermore, self-supporting structural column-ring beam structure system was used to observe the failure mode of the walls. Moreover, the mechanical properties and seismic indexes of the walls under lateral low-cyclic loading were analyzed, including hysteretic and skeleton curves, stiffness degradation, ductility, and energy losses. The results showed that the new energy-saving block wall can meet the seismic shear calculation under 8-degree rare earthquake and meet the antiseismic fortification target in 8-degree area. Furthermore, self-contained system can greatly improve the seismic shear capacity of the wall. Finally, the seismic shear capacity of the concrete column block masonry was calculated, and the technical application method of block masonry structure was recommended.
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Kabantsev, Oleg, and Karomatullo Umarov. "Features of Elastic-plastic Deformation of Reinforced Concrete Shear-wall Structures under Earthquake Excitations." Earthquake Engineering. Construction Safety, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37153/2618-9283-2020-1-18-28.
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The article provides the results of studies the process of formation and development of plastic deformations in reinforced concrete structures with shear-wall under earthquake excitations. The studies are carried out by numerical methods using nonlinear dynamic analysis. The results of the research shown: that in the shear-wall elements of reinforced concrete structures the level of plastic deformations should be significantly reduced in relation to the normative level of plastics in other structural elements of the carrier system. The completed studies substantiated the introduction of differentiated values seismic-force-reduction factor for different types of structural elements on shear-walls reinforced concrete structures of earthquake-resistant buildings.
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Liu, Yang, Hao Wu, Qiao Yu, Yun Li, Jianan Li, and Lingzhi Li. "Seismic Performance of Grille-Type Steel Plate Concrete Composite Walls with Application in a Super-High-Rise Building." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 7580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167580.
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The grille-type steel plate concrete composite wall (GSPCW) is an innovative shear wall system that mainly consists of steel faceplates, steel tie plates and infilled concrete. Compared to traditional steel plate concrete composite shear walls, the advantages of GSPCW walls include: (1) relatively high lateral and buckling resistance; and (2) simple structural measures for convenient construction and implementation. This paper presents the results of extensive numerical investigations regarding GSPCW systems, examining both GSPCW wall components and their application in a super-high-rise building as a case study. First, typical GSPCW wall models are established using DIANA software, and the numerical models are validated on the basis of comparison with results from previously reported experimental tests. The verified models are further used to perform parametric analyses with the aim of further understanding the effects of various design parameters on the seismic performance of GSPCW systems, including steel ratio, axial load ratio, height-to-width ratio, aspect ratio of the grille steel plate, and concrete compressive strength. Second, a super-high-rise building was selected for application to perform a case study of a GSPCW system. The seismic performance of the tall building in the case study was comparatively evaluated on the basis of both nonlinear time history analysis and modal pushover analysis (MPA), and the results from both of these methods validated the use of GSPCW is an efficient structural wall system appropriate for use in super-high-rise buildings. Finally, a simple economic assessment of the GSPCW building was performed, and the results were compared with those obtained for conventional reinforced concrete wall buildings.
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Salonvaara, Mikael, Philip Boudreaux, Andre Desjarlais, Florian Antretter, and Eric Werling. "Validation of Hygrothermal Simulations with Wall Performance Experiments in an Environmental Chamber." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017204010.
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Oak Ridge National Laboratory is developing a web tool, built on a rule-based expert system, that aids stakeholders in designing energy-efficient moisture-durable walls. Currently, the tool’s expert system database is mostly populated with expert opinion, but work is being done to incorporate durability assessment based on stochastic hygrothermal modeling. Chamber experiments have been conducted to validate the hygrothermal models. The measured temperature and humidity have been compared with those predicted by the hygrothermal model. Experiments and comparison to one-dimensional hygrothermal modeling results were completed with two walls, a Structural Insulated Panel (SIP) based wall and a Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU) based wall. The two walls were succumbed to typical Chicago weather in ORNL’s Heat, Air and Moisture chamber. The walls were sequentially exposed to different scenarios, including diffusion, wetting, air leakage and solar radiation. For the most part, the hygrothermal simulations can be successfully used to predict the performance of these wall systems for the moisture transport phenomenon. Errors between measured and simulated values decreased as measurements got closer to the interior side of the wall. The root mean square error was larger for relative humidity (up to 17.5%-RH for CMU) than for temperature (up to 4.5°C for CMU wall). The errors were larger for the CMU wall than the wood frame wall. The phenomenon, including liquid water, caused large discrepancies between measurement and simulation results, and simulated results showed slower drying of materials than measured results. The one-dimensional nature of the simulation model made simulating air leaks difficult but not impossible.
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Budi Utomo, Mochammad Surya. "PENGARUH RASIO TINGGI-LEBAR (Hw/Lw) TERHADAP KAPASITAS BEBAN LATERAL, DAN POLA RETAK DINDING GESER BERTULANGAN RINGAN AKIBAT BEBAN SIKLIK." Jurnal Media Teknik Sipil 15, no. 2 (February 20, 2018): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jmts.v15i2.4472.
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The shear wall is a vertical structural element of a structural system that serves to withstand lateral loads, whether caused by wind or earthquake. In Indonesia is still often found structural system in old buildings that still use a minimal reinforcement ratio or in this case the lightly shear wall. The lightly sliding wall is believed to have a low lateral load capacity, but in some cases in many countries, the lightweight sliding wall is sufficiently resistant to earthquakes. The height-width ratio is an important aspect in the shear wall structure. Therefore, further research is needed on the effect of high-width ratios. This study discusses the effect of high-width ratios on shear lightly shear walls due to cyclic loads. In this study, the shear wall used as a test specimen with many test specimens was 9 shear wall walls with variations of height-width ratios (2.0, 1.3, and 1.0) or with sizes: (800x400mm), (800x600mm), and (800x800mm) . The test is carried out by providing cyclic load and axial load constant of 3% of axial capacity (Pn) of each specimen until the specimen is collapsed by the drift control method. Data in the form of loads and deviations per cycle are recorded for the analysis of collapse mechanisms. While the picture taken as a reference pattern of cracks. The results of the test show that with increasing height-width ratios can produce the smallest lateral load capacity, or vice versa. The lateral load capacity generated by each test object is SW 2.0 (1), SW 2.0 (2), SW 2.0 (3), SW 1.3 (1), SW 1.3 (2), SW 1.3 (3), SW 1.0 1), SW 1.0 (2), and SW 1.0 (3) are 1593kg, 1503 kg, 1592 kg, 3296 kg, 3388 kg, 3286 kg, 4772 kg, 4771 kg, and 4778 kg. Crack patterns that occur on each specimen have the same result that is the same occurrence of opening (gap opening) at the bottom of the wall.
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Munthe, Agyanata Tua, and Muklish Nalahuddin. "COUPLING BEAM DESIGN WITH SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME AND SPECIAL REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS." Neutron 18, no. 2 (January 31, 2019): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/neutron.v18i2.75.
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An Earthquake is on of the natural phenomena that cannot be avoided or cannot be prevented by its appearance which is very difficult to accurately predict both from the time and place of its occurrence. Shear wall system is used to increase the sitffness of many multi-storey building, in this case building that have more than 20 floors. Building structures with shear wall as retaining element of lateral force generally have good performance during an earthquake. Coupling beam is an connecting beam betweem two shear walls, this beam makes a series of shear walls works as a system that is able to withstand earthquake force. Coupling beam also make the working structure rigid and absorbs energy due to the very high rigidity of the coupling beam with shear wall behaving link two free cantilevers. Coupling beam is considered to be able to transmit shear force from one wall to another so that it can withstand large structural deformation. Structure design material strenght for concrete fc’ 35MPa ~ fc 55’MPA and rebar (D10 & D13) using fy 520MPa and fy 420MPa for diameter >16mm. While the regulations used are SNI 1726: 2012, SNI 1727: 2013, and SNI 2847: 2013. Structural loading is given according to loading rules which are then analyzed using ETABS 2016 software.