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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Walls'
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1
Likens, Kevin. "Walls with Presence." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31249.
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This thesis is an investigation in taking the architectural element â wallâ and celebrating it in the design of a building.
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Walls are necessary elements in the urban fabric, and as such, should be celebrated. They enrich the space that they surround and enrich that which surrounds them as part of the urban fabric.
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The project involves first creating walls with presence, then enclosing them in a manner that reveres them, that preserves their significance and emphasizes their presence.<br>Master of Architecture
2
Bhawsar, Priya. "Urban Walls." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23297.
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"Edge. a. The line of intersection of two surfaces. b. A rim or brink. c. The point at which something is likely to begin. d. The area or part away from the middle; an extremity. e. A dividing line; a border."
Edges are linear elements that create boundaries between two entities and linear breaks in continuity: shores, railroad cuts, walls. They act as lateral references rather that coordinate axes. "Those edges seem strongest which are not only visually prominent but also continuous in form and impenetrable to cross movement. An edge may be more than simply a dominant barrier if some visual or motion penetration is allowed through it then it becomes a seam rather than a barrier, a line of exchange along which two areas are sewn together."
In our built environment an edge is defined and made permanent by the presence of a wall just as a line defines an edge on paper. Walls are the physical as well as the metaphorical representation of an edge. This thesis will examine the edge at the urban-suburban threshold of a city and private-public threshold of a neighborhood.<br>Master of Architecture
3
Ebert, Doreen. "4 walls +." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33424.
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A higher level of complexity is possible by combining more than one idea as long as the order of the elements is readable in each built condition.
Order is possible at any level of complexity. The more complex the greater the need of order.
Order can be the relationship of a limited set of elements that inform and reform each other.<br>Master of Architecture
4
Morel, Caroline Monique. "Walls || Memory." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54032.
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We are all influenced by memories when we pursue acts of creation. However, these reminiscences are often fleeting and elusive; they rarely are formalized, nor are they explicit in the final artifact.
This work is based on a concrete representation of a childhood memory: the map of a city. The thesis explores ways to design and construct a place where others could, in turn, create their own memory. This place is located in Alexandria, VA, on South Fairfax Drive. It is an integrated mixed use program (Retails on the lower and ground levels, and residences on the 2 upper levels).
This experimentation invites further questions. How strictly should the concrete representation of the memory guide the design? What are the qualities of the spaces resulting of such rules? How to engage in the tension between the explicit memory's realm and the contemporary world? How to express their respective materiality?
|From| Memory of Walls |to| Walls of Memory<br>Master of Architecture
5
El-Darwish, Leia. "Four Walls." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3870.
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Vermeulen, Susan E. "Penetrable walls." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09092008-063009/.
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M-Afrika, Andile Ernest. "Walls and remembrance." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011940.
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This is a story of a quest that begins on a wall of history at a cemetery where Steve Biko was buried. The main character is the writer, who is partly the author, partly a fictionalised everyman. He is on a journey of self-discovery, while at the same time questioning contemporary South Africa.
8
Dombrosky, Marc Robert. "Floors and walls." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1326998927.
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Marshall, Bradley. "Hearing Through Walls." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3391.
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The photographer discusses work in “Hearing Through Walls”, a Masters of Fine Arts thesis exhibit held at downtown Tipton Gallery from February 19th through March 2nd, 2018. The exhibition consists of 15 archival inkjet prints and one two-channel video piece, representing the artists three-year exploration into narrative forms in image making. Using non-traditional approaches to photographic portraiture and experimental exhibition layout, the artist forms questions around themes of domesticity, lost youth, and American masculinity. Among these themes is an investigation into photographic issues, including the cultural role that photographs play in perpetuating, miming, and disrupting the facades of everyday life. Non-photographic influences are listed, including the paintings of Edward Hopper and the filmmaking of Paul Thomas Anderson. Historic and contemporary photographic influences included are Garry Winogrand, William Eggleston, Philip-Lorca Dicorcia, and Katy Grannan.
10
Dwyer, Edward J. "Reading the Walls." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1997. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3396.
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Riley, Benjamin. "Concrete living walls." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2027/document.
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Bâtir de villes face à la surpopulation tout en prenant en compte les changements climatiques, demandera de faire appel à des solutions concrètes pour répondre aux besoins sanitaires, sécuritaires et biophiliques de leurs habitants. Le but de cette thèse est d'évaluer la possibilité d'avoir un système de mur vivant qui soit durable, écologiquement juste, non limité par la localisation et la typologie du bâtiment et plus abordable que les systèmes actuellement disponibles. L'hypothèse de cette thèse est le béton, en raison de sa durabilité, son coût et son ubiquité, a le potential pour être utilisé comme un moyen de croissance pour la vie végétale et qu'il s'agit actuellement du matériau le plus réaliste pour étendre la portée de la nature dans le milieu urbain.La thèse est pluridisciplinaire et il faudra combiner les connaissances des sciences de la botanique et des matériaux, connaissances qui seront appréhendées au travers d'un prisme architectural. Ce point de vue influencera la trajectoire de la conception future du système, par exemple pour déterminer si le système pourrait être structurel et utilisé pour l'intérieur et l'extérieur des bâtiments bas, moyens et hauts, ou encore quelles ambiance architecturales et urbaines il est susceptible de créer. Cette thèse de doctorat déterminera la faisabilité des systèmes de murs vivants en béton et, si elle est validée, fournira la base pour des solutions durables de murs vivants en béton<br>Cities facing overpopulation amid shifting climates will require practicable solutions to meet the biophilic, health, and safety needs of city dwellers. The goal of this thesis is to determine the possibility of having a living wall system which is durable, environmentally sustainable, unlimited by location and building typology, and more affordable than currently available systems. The hypothesis of this thesis is that concrete,due to its durability, cost, and ubiquity, is capable of being used as a growing medium for plant life and is currently the most realistic material choice to significantly extend nature’s reach into the urban milieu. The thesis is multi-disciplinary and combines botany and material science, but architecture is the lens throughwhich the inter-disciplinary work is validated. This architectural lens will influence the trajectory of future system design, e.g., in determining if the system would have the potential of being structural and used for the interiors and exteriors of low, mid, and high-rise buildings. This doctoral thesis would determine the feasibility of concrete living wall systems and if validated provide the foundation for sustainable concrete living wall solutions
12
Riley, Benjamin. "Concrete living walls." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2027.
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Bâtir de villes face à la surpopulation tout en prenant en compte les changements climatiques, demandera de faire appel à des solutions concrètes pour répondre aux besoins sanitaires, sécuritaires et biophiliques de leurs habitants. Le but de cette thèse est d'évaluer la possibilité d'avoir un système de mur vivant qui soit durable, écologiquement juste, non limité par la localisation et la typologie du bâtiment et plus abordable que les systèmes actuellement disponibles. L'hypothèse de cette thèse est le béton, en raison de sa durabilité, son coût et son ubiquité, a le potential pour être utilisé comme un moyen de croissance pour la vie végétale et qu'il s'agit actuellement du matériau le plus réaliste pour étendre la portée de la nature dans le milieu urbain.La thèse est pluridisciplinaire et il faudra combiner les connaissances des sciences de la botanique et des matériaux, connaissances qui seront appréhendées au travers d'un prisme architectural. Ce point de vue influencera la trajectoire de la conception future du système, par exemple pour déterminer si le système pourrait être structurel et utilisé pour l'intérieur et l'extérieur des bâtiments bas, moyens et hauts, ou encore quelles ambiance architecturales et urbaines il est susceptible de créer. Cette thèse de doctorat déterminera la faisabilité des systèmes de murs vivants en béton et, si elle est validée, fournira la base pour des solutions durables de murs vivants en béton<br>Cities facing overpopulation amid shifting climates will require practicable solutions to meet the biophilic, health, and safety needs of city dwellers. The goal of this thesis is to determine the possibility of having a living wall system which is durable, environmentally sustainable, unlimited by location and building typology, and more affordable than currently available systems. The hypothesis of this thesis is that concrete,due to its durability, cost, and ubiquity, is capable of being used as a growing medium for plant life and is currently the most realistic material choice to significantly extend nature’s reach into the urban milieu. The thesis is multi-disciplinary and combines botany and material science, but architecture is the lens throughwhich the inter-disciplinary work is validated. This architectural lens will influence the trajectory of future system design, e.g., in determining if the system would have the potential of being structural and used for the interiors and exteriors of low, mid, and high-rise buildings. This doctoral thesis would determine the feasibility of concrete living wall systems and if validated provide the foundation for sustainable concrete living wall solutions
13
Rajbhandari, Anila. "Computation of the Rigidities of Shear Walls with Openings." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/763.
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The main objective of the study is to verify the accuracy of the approximate hand calculation method used extensively by the engineers for the calculation of the rigidity of shear walls with openings. Different types of shear walls are considered varying in the dimensions and positions of the opening, however, maintaining the same basic material properties. The results obtained by the hand calculation are compared to the finite element approach to check for the discrepancy. The finite element analysis software NISA/DISPLAY IV and SAP2000 is considered for the purpose.
14
Stav, Yael. "Transfunctional living walls-designing living walls for environmental and social benefits." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/94086/1/Yael_Stav_Thesis.pdf.
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Greater attention is being directed towards incorporating greenery into the built environment as increasing global urbanisation drives the search for sustainable urbanism. This research takes a parametric approach to studying living wall dynamics using three methods to cover a diversity of design parameters and performance criteria. The findings led to a functional typology for living walls based on a range of design, context and performance parameters wider than previously identified. Such parametric studies offer valuable insights into 'transfunctional' living walls for homes, schools and public spaces.
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Tasligedik, Ali Sahin. "Damage mitigation strategies for non-structural infill walls." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering Department, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9462.
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In most design codes, infill walls are considered as non-structural elements and thus are typically neglected in the design process. The observations made after major earthquakes (Duzce 1999, L’Aquila 2009, Christchurch 2011) have shown that even though infill walls are considered to be non-structural elements, they interact with the structural system during seismic actions. In the case of heavy infill walls (i.e. clay brick infill walls), the whole behaviour of the structure may be affected by this interaction (i.e. local or global structural failures such as soft storey mechanism). In the case of light infill walls (i.e. non-structural drywalls), this may cause significant economical losses. To consider the interaction of the structural system with the ‘non-structural ’infill walls at design stage may not be a practical approach due to the complexity of the infill wall behaviour. Therefore, the purpose of the reported research is to develop innovative technological solutions and design recommendations for low damage non-structural wall systems for seismic actions by making use of alternative approaches.
Light (steel/timber framed drywalls) and heavy (unreinforced clay brick) non-structural infill wall systems were studied by following an experimental/numerical research programme. Quasi-static reverse cyclic tests were carried out by utilizing a specially designed full scale reinforced concrete frame, which can be used as a re-usable bare frame. In this frame, two RC beams and two RC columns were connected by two un-bonded post tensioning bars, emulating a jointed ductile frame system (PRESSS technology). Due to the rocking behaviour at the beam-column joint interfaces, this frame was typically a low damage structural solution, with the post-tensioning guaranteeing a linear elastic behaviour. Therefore, this frame could be repeatedly used in all of the tests carried out by changing only the infill walls within this frame. Due to the linear elastic behaviour of this structural bare frame, it was possible to extract the exact behaviour of the infill walls from the global results. In other words, the only parameter that affected the global results was given by the infill walls.
For the test specimens, the existing practice of construction (as built) for both light and heavy non-structural walls was implemented. In the light of the observations taken during these tests, modified low damage construction practices were proposed and tested. In total, seven tests were carried out:
1) Bare frame , in order to confirm its linear elastic behaviour.
2) As built steel framed drywall specimen FIF1-STFD (Light)
3) As built timber framed drywall specimen FIF2-TBFD (Light)
4) As built unreinforced clay brick infill wall specimen FIF3-UCBI (Heavy)
5) Low damage steel framed drywall specimen MIF1-STFD (Light)
6) Low damage timber framed drywall specimen MIF2-TBFD (Light)
7) Low damage unreinforced clay brick infill wall specimen MIF5-UCBI (Heavy)
The tests of the as built practices showed that both drywalls and unreinforced clay brick infill walls have a low serviceability inter-storey drift limit (0.2-0.3%). Based on the observations, simple modifications and details were proposed for the low damage specimens. The details proved to be working effectively in lowering the damage and increasing the serviceability drift limits. For drywalls, the proposed low damage solutions do not introduce additional cost, material or labour and they are easily applicable in real buildings. For unreinforced clay brick infill walls, a light steel sub-frame system was suggested that divides the infill panel zone into smaller individual panels, which requires additional labour and some cost. However, both systems can be engineered for seismic actions and their behaviour can be controlled by implementing the proposed details. The performance of the developed details were also confirmed by the numerical case study analyses carried out using Ruaumoko 2D on a reinforced concrete building model designed according to the NZ codes/standards. The results have confirmed that the implementation of the proposed low damage solutions is expected to significantly reduce the non-structural infill wall damage throughout a building.
16
Wong, Sze-man. "Seismic performance of reinforced concrete wall structures under high axial load with particular application to low-to moderate seismic regions." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B34739531.
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Diakoumi, Maria. "Relative soil/wall stiffness effects on retaining walls propped at the crest." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439349.
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Amer, Hetham A. Ramadan. "Effect of Wall Penetration Depth on the Behavior of Sheet Pile Walls." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1366765763.
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Gabar, Mohamad G. Mohamad. "Effect of Soil and Bedrock Conditions Below Retaining Walls on Wall Behavior." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1335367086.
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Asp, Onsjö Isabella. "The Walls We Build." Thesis, Konstfack, Keramik & Glas, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6371.
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In The Walls We Build, the wall acts as a metaphor for the walls we build within ourselves and outside of our selfs. Walls creating separation and alienation, leading to an increasingly polarized society. In this thesis I will be investigating the wall from a material as well as a non-material standpoint. By building a wall out of glass I hope to be able to activate thoughts about what a wall is and what it does to us, and how the inner and outer walls are influencing each other.
21
Jiang, Wang. "It Doesn't Take Walls." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79486.
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The thesis takes the form of a residential house, exploring different ways of separating a space while answering different needs for solitude. It experimented with a diversity of architectural devices designed to demarcate functional units in the house with respect to their varying demands for solitude. Individual spaces are examined based on where they fall on the spectrum: from the most secluded to the most inclusive. Efforts are made to refrain from resorting to full size walls when not necessary. The actual means of separation used for a certain space is usually a balance between the desire for seclusion and the urge to evade walls.
The form of the house unfolds from the order of an overarching cruciform structure, dividing the space into four quadrants, which are further bisected by a horizontal plane producing a total of eight cubic spaces. Each space is shaped with different dimensions suitable to their respective functions assigned, but all fit into a spatial matrix of two-foot spacing points. A featuring cross is brought out and made visible on the roof, plan and each of the four facades.<br>Master of Architecture
22
Taylor, Luca F. "Intramural: Within Four Walls." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1557366339698542.
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Gavula, Michael E. "A dwelling among walls." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52052.
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Siegfried Giedion wrote that the basic aim of the modern movement was to “win the split of thought and feeling” which is characteristic of modern man; that despite his power of scientific thought, modern man has lost a true relationship to the world in which he lives,and that what is lacking in our time is a satisfactory development of man’s emotional faculties.
This thesis is the record of an architectural project which was allowed to depend upon the impetus of emotion for the development of its language and program. The written portion of this record is in part a history and in part an interpretation of the project.
The project begins in pursuit of the desire to dwell upon a particular site.<br>Master of Architecture
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Berglund, Alexander, Fredrik Herbai, and Jonas Wedén. "Sound Propagation Through Walls." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för beräkningsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444632.
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Infrasound is undetectable by the human ear and excessive exposure may be a substantial health risk. Low frequency sound propagates through walls with minimal attenuation, making it difficult to avoid. This study interprets the results from both analytical calculations and simulations of pressure waves propagating through a wall in one dimension. The wall is thin compared to the wavelength; the model implements properties of three materials commonly used in walls. The results indicate that the geometry of the wall, most importantly the small ratio between wall width and wavelength, is the prime reason for the low levels of attenuation observed in transmitted amplitudes of low frequency sounds, and that damping is negligible for infrasound. Furthermore, a one-dimensional homogeneous wall model gives rise to periodicity in the transmitted amplitude, which is not observed in experiments. Future studies should prioritize the introduction of at least one more dimension to the model, to allow for variable angles of incidence.
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Bailey, Charles W. "Libraries with Glass Walls." University of Houston Libraries, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105475.
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Fantasies of "virtual libraries," where users transparently access needed information regardless of location, depend on no-cost, unrestricted access to electronic information. In the real world, ownership and access are interwoven, library materials are usually in print form, and libraries are not usually high funding priorities for their parent institutions. If electronic information is obtained from commercial sources, libraries may need to restrict remote access to it. Ironically, print information in remote libraries may be more accessible than electronic information.
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Gibson, Trish J. "Embedded in These Walls." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5642.
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Embedded In These Walls uses photographic imagery, archival ephemera, and written text to examine a specific history of generational trauma through the lens of a singular family of a southern tradition to point to a larger systemic breakdown of accountability and truthfulness regarding abuse
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Sanchez, Monica Mercedes, and Monica Mercedes Sanchez. "Kinetic Green Wall System Applications on Reducing Carbon Emissions in Hot-Arid Climates." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626722.
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The goal of this work was to apply an operable green façade wall system in order to analyze
the benefits of vegetative surfaces in relation to hot arid urban climates. A second layer of
information was also analyzed to provide an alternative to electricity. This method was
used to actuate the operable green façade passively to enhance sustainable environmental
strategies. Carbon emissions, temperature and relative humidity were evaluated in a hot
arid climate on a kinetic green wall system physical scale model. Computer simulation
provided insight to daylight, shading and solar irradiance within a mock up building. The
results of these factors may be a useful tool to implement in building design for these
climatic zones.
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Cheung, Kwong-chung. "Reinforced earth wall design & construction in northern access road for Cyberport Development /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3676288X.
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Bong, Felix Nyuk Poh. "Fire Spread on Exterior Walls." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8252.
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This report describes methods of predicting heat flux exposure to external walls due to the impingement of flame issuing through a window opening. A heat transfer model was set up for the purpose of predicting the geometry of the emerging flame and the resultant heat flux exposure to the wall surface.
An existing flame spread model implemented in the BRANZFIRE model was selected for characterising the flame spread on exterior wall cladding materials, as a function of the heat flux exposure (from the projecting flame to the wall) and the material flammability properties of the wall material. Modifications were made to the flame spread model. The result was a prediction of rate and extent of the upward flame spread as a function of time and the heat release rate of the burning cladding material.
It is concluded that the flame spread model has the potential to determine the flame spread characteristics associated with four different cladding materials. The flame spread model gave conservative prediction for three of the tested cladding materials.
Overall, the heat transfer model seems to predict the total heat flux density received by the exposing wall with reasonable accuracy. Further validation of the heat transfer model is needed before it can be successfully integrated into the flame spread model to provide a useful tool for characterising flame spread and estimating the heat flux exposure conditions.
30
Wilson, Robin. "Sound transmission through double walls." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1312.
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Konstantakos, Dimitrios C. (Dimitrios Christos) 1975. "Measured performance of slurry walls." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8376.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 355-361).<br>This thesis evaluates the measured performance of 29 slurry wall supported excavations in Boston, Chicago, Washington DC, and San Francisco - most of which have been constructed since 1980. Each of these case studies includes data on the initial site conditions (soil profile and properties, groundwater conditions and location of adjacent facilities etc.) and designs for support of the excavations. The main goal is to relate construction records to the measured performance of the lateral earth support systems. The principal parameters of interest are the induced ground deformations (and their effects on adjacent structures) and observations of groundwater flows. The actual monitoring data always include inclinometer measurements of lateral deflections within the diaphragm wall and/or adjacent soil. However, other information such as surface settlements, building settlements, heave of the sub-grade or piezometric data were only archived for some of the projects (nearly all in Boston). Even fewer projects contain measurements of structural forces in either the diaphragm wall or bracing system. These data have been grouped according to the soil profile, toe fixity of the wall and type of bracing system (tie-back anchors, prestressed cross-lot and top-down). Most of the projects have succeeded in allowing only small wall deflections, often less than 0.2% to 0.3% of the total excavation depth, and similar magnitudes of the maximum surface settlements. Larger wall movements did occur in several projects but have been linked to either inadequate bracing (poor tieback design or inadequate pre-stressing of rakers), lack of toe embedment or ground softening inside the excavation (installation of drilled caissons or load bearing elements). Unexpectedly large surface settlements in one project (Dana Farer) were clearly linked to ground loss during tieback installation. Several other reported cases of leakage (through panel joints and/or tiebacks) have been repaired by grouting. Given the limited availability of archival data, the thesis has focused on the interpretation of lateral deflections. Wall deformations have been sub-divided into rigid body translation, rigid body rotation and bending modes. Empirical correlations have been proposed for estimating each of these components.<br>b y Dimitrios C. Konstantakos.<br>M.Eng.
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McNair, Neil. "Domain walls in supersymmetric QCD." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250017.
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Wang, Yudong. "Magnetoresistance in constrained domain walls." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/350881/.
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In magnetic materials, domains of magnetic orientation in opposite direction are often alternated. The transition in orientation between these domains, the domain wall, is not abrupt but spatially extended. When a current is passed through the magnetic material, the resistance of the material is dependent on whether such domain wall exists, which in its turn depends on the external magnetic field. This magneto-resistance is larger for smaller domain walls. Although the domain wall width is in principle a materials parameter, by patterning the magnetic sample into certain nanostructures, it is possible to constrain the domain wall such that its width is smaller than its natural unconstrained width. We have measured domain wall magnetoresistance in a single lithographically constrained domain wall. An H-shaped Ni nanobridge was fabricated by either e-beam lithography or a combination of e-beam lithography and helium ion milling. The two sides of the device are both single magnetic domains showing independent magnetic switching. The connection between the sides constrains the domain wall when the sides line up antiparallel. The magnetoresistance curve clearly identifies the magnetic configurations that are expected from a spin-valve like structure. The room temperature domain wall measurements give a magneto-resistance ratio of 0.1 % for the 94 nm and 0.2 % for the 32 nm constriction. Although these values are in itself small, they are the first results on lithographically prepared single domain spin valves. The single-layered device might allow for easier fabrication and space savings for high dense storage applications as compared to giant magneto-resistance and tunneling magneto-resistance. Also, the research of spin-based logic devices will benefit from the physical understanding that follows from measurements of magneto-resistance devices without material interface.
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Robson, Michael Robert. "Suburban housing: living between walls." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53425.
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The site, located in Alexandria, Virginia, is three acres and bounded by a road to the north, existing single family homes to the east and west, and a wooded area to the south. The slope falls away from the road and there is a swale running down the center of the site. The site strategy has three elements. The first is a private drive running along the western site boundary which will allow access to all six dwellings. Large site walls, dividing the site for each dwelling, comprise the second element. The third element is building walls set perpendicular to the site walls which begin to establish each dwelling.
Following the site strategy, the dwellings are composed of three basic areas. The public side includes a carport which is set close to the drive, and alongside of it the beginning of the major axis leading through each dwelling. The dwelling itself exists in the space created by the walls established upon the site. The living rooms are composed of indoor and outdoor space separated by large glass walls set into and between building walls. On the private side outside rooms are established, between and beyond the frames created by the building walls, which terrace down the slope.
The materials, concrete masonry units and poured in place concrete are utilized as different building elements so the walls reveal their purpose through their form.<br>Master of Architecture
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Sun, Zhuying. "The Walls of Dongshuiguan Island." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95206.
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Walls are important elements in architecture design history. Walls have been used as barriers and as structural elements as well. The biggest scale of a wall is a city wall which can protect the whole city area as a fortification--boundary. Another scale is the wall around buildings, which can define a site, a landscape, and separate a building from its surroundings. At a smaller scale, walls divide spaces in buildings. From ancient times to modern times, the wall was developed into various shapes and functions with different kinds of materials. This thesis is a study of walls of different scales and their harmonious whole. I am very interested in the city walls of Nanjing, a famous Chinese old city very close to where I was born. These city walls were built more than 200 years ago. These old walls are combined with new walls to make a space for communication and a new public attraction for the city. People can see the walls, feel the walls and then know much about the walls and architectural space. Wall gallery, visitor center and cafe/gift shop are located in this wall garden that I call "Paradise Island".<br>Master of Architecture
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Deorio, Stephen M. "Intra muros "within the walls"." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1304002437.
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Hoque, Md Zaydul Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Civil. "Seismic response of retaining walls." Ottawa, 1992.
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Oviedo, David A. "National Museum of Film and Photography, Washington, D.C." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31269.
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The origins of this project lie in a desire to understand the relationship that exists between light and architecture.
Natural light has always played a role in the evolution of architecture, helping us make countless decisions about the things we build.
From their siting to their plan, to the nature of their openings, our buildings have to a great extent been shaped by the sun and the moon.
The project became a search for new ways for architecture to express the concious relationship that needs to exist among light, material, structure, and space....<br>Master of Architecture
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Wong, Sze-man, and 黃思敏. "Seismic performance of reinforced concrete wall structures under high axial load with particular application to low-to moderate seismicregions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B34739531.
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Ho, Yin Bon. "Enhancing the ductility of non-seismically designed reinforced concrete shear walls /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202006%20HO.
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Howard, Laura Lynn. "The nature of Thomas Hardy's walls." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23067.
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Hachouf, Kamel. "Geotextile soil reinforcement in retaining walls." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283366.
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Balachandran, S. "Modelling of geosynthetic reinforced soil walls." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596295.
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The modern forms of reinforced soil walls were introduced by Henri Vidal. Since then design theories have been developed alongside an increasing database of full scale, small scale and centrifuge model tests. However, very little data is available on the mechanisms of deformation for a wrap-around wall. In order to understand these mechanisms, reinforced soil walls were tested under different conditions, by varying reinforcement stiffness, backfill material, external loading and type of construction. Seven centrifuge model tests on reinforced soil models were carried out with three different types of model reinforcements and a choice of two granular backfill materials. The external loading was imposed by a strip surcharge of 100 kPa, to represent the worst load experienced on a highway or railroad. This research programme includes the development of testing methods to obtain stress-strain behaviour of the model reinforcement using fixed or roller clamps, and improvement of the construction of the Cambridge strip load cells for measuring the tension along the model geosynthetic reinforcement, and in particular to the most sensitive, weakest reinforcement. Strip load cells have successfully yielded experimental data of reinforcement tension for all the geomaterials used. The tension measurement along the reinforcement confirms that the facing of a geosynthetic wrap-around reinforced soil wall does not serve a major structural function. Boundary relaxation occurs requiring the reinforcement simply to retain the fill. The deformation of the reinforced soil walls was identified by a simple displacement mechanism which included constant shear strain and dilation in the deforming zone. A non-dimensional horizontal deflection chart was derived based on this assumption. The prediction of the front wall deformation of centrifuge model walls using such a non-dimensional chart indicated that this would offer a useful serviceability design method to designers.
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Wijanto, Ludovikus Sugeng. "Seismic Assessment of Unreinforced Masonry Walls." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1680.
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This thesis focuses on the seismic performance of unreinforced masonry wall perforated with
a door opening representing typical URM walls of many aged masonry buildings in
Indonesia. To obtain a test result that will be able to represent the local conditions, the
experiments have been conducted in the Research Institute for Human Settlements (RIHS)
laboratory in Bandung-Indonesia.
Two 75 % unreinforced masonry (URM) walls with a 1½-wythe of solid clay-brick were
constructed in Dutch bond configuration and tested until failure under quasi-static-reversed
cyclic loading. Both units were loaded vertically by constant loads representing gravity loads
on the URM wall’s tributary area. Both models were constructed using local materials and
local labours. Two features were taken into account. First, it accommodated the influence of
flanged wall and second, the URM wall was built on the stone foundation. The first URM
wall represent the plain existing URM building in Indonesia and second strengthened by
Kevlar fibre.
It was observed from the test results that the URM wall Unit-1 did not behave as a brittle
structure. It could dissipate energy without loss of strength and had a post-elastic behaviour in
terms of “overall displacement ductility” value of around 8 to 10. As predicted, the masonry
material was variable and non homogeneous which caused the hysteresis loop to be non
symmetrical between push and pull lateral load directions. It can be summarized that Kevlar
fibre strengthening technique is promising and with great ease of installation. Although
Kevlar material is more expensive when compared to other fabrics as long as it was applied at
the essential locations and in limited volumes, it can significantly increase the in-plane URM
wall capacity. With appropriate arrangements of Kevlar fibre, a practicing engineer will be
able to obtain a desired rocking mechanism in the masonry structure. Another advantage for
the architectural point of view, very thin Kevlar fibres do not reduce the architectural space.
Studies have also been undertaken to analyze the in-plane response of plain URM wall before
and after retrofiting using the current seismic standard and the Finite Element Method (FEM).
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Cambridge, Jason Esan. "The Sound Insulation of Cavity Walls." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7332.
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Lightweight building materials are now commonly employed in many countries in preference to heavyweight materials. This has lead to extensive research into the sound transmission loss of double leaf wall systems. These studies have shown that the wall cavity and sound absorption material placed within the cavity play a crucial role in the sound transmission through these systems. However, the influence of the wall cavity on the sound transmission loss is not fully understood.
The purpose of this research is to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the role played by the wall cavity and any associated sound absorption material on the sound transmission loss through double leaf wall systems. The research was justified by the fact that some of the existing prediction models do not agree with some observed experimental trends.
Gösele’s theory is expanded and used in the creation of an infinite and finite vibrating strip model in order to acquire the desired understanding. The sound transmission loss, radiated sound pressure and directivity of double leaf systems composed of gypsum boards and glass have been calculated using the developed model. A method for calculating the forced radiation efficiency has also been proposed. Predictions are compared to well established theories and to reported experimental results.
This work also provides a physical explanation for the under-prediction of the sound transmission loss in London’s model; explains why Sharp’s model corresponds to Davy’s with a limiting angle of 61° and gives an explanation for Rindel’s directivity and sound transmission loss measurements through double glazed windows. The investigation also revealed that a wide variety of conclusions were obtained by different researchers concerning the role of the cavity and the properties of any associated sound absorption material on the sound transmission loss through double wall systems. Consequently recommendations about the ways in which sound transmission through cavity systems can be improved should always be qualified with regard to the specific frequency range of interest, type of sound absorption material, wall panel and stud characteristics.
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Fairless, G. J. "Seismic performance of reinforced earth walls." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Engineering, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7562.
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Previous seismic testing of reinforced earth walls, and present design methods, are outlined.
Six one metre tall model reinforced earth walls were tested under normal gravity on a shaking table. Accelerations, displacements and reinforcing strip forces were measured. A series of simple sinusoidal single-pulse wave forms, and the El Centro 1940 north-south recorded earthquake motion were used as input to the shaking table.
Permanent outward displacement of a block consisting of the facing, part of the reinforced block, and a wedge of retained soil behind the reinforced block occurred when a limiting or yield acceleration was exceeded. The wall facing remained essentially vertical. The critical (minimum) yield acceleration was found to occur when and after the failure surface outcropped at the fill surface. This critical yield acceleration was calculable using a limiting equilibrium formulation, within the variability of the observed results. A sensitivity analysis of the formulation is presented.
The apparent soil friction angle is found to reduce during repeated seismic shaking, while the apparent soil-strip friction coefficient is found to increase probably to a limiting value. In design, the peak value of the friction coefficient found from direct shear tests between the soil and reinforcing can be used. To calculate design strip forces, an upper bound seismic earth pressure coefficient based on the Mononobe-Okabe dynamic earth pressure coefficient KAE is proposed.
Measured displacements are plotted on charts for three sliding block displacement prediction methods. One approach, using random vibration and probability theory, is more rational and complete than the others, and provides an estimate of the prohability of exceedence of the calculated displacement. The method is quite complicated, however, and for everyday design a simple upper bound on a chart derived from an equivalent pulse technique is recommended.
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Gammage, Paul J. "Centrifuge modelling of soil nailed walls." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262723.
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Kirsten, Julius. "Viscous-inviscid interaction on moving walls." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/60591.
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This thesis consists of two parts. In part I, the viscous-inviscid interaction in su- personic flows over down- and upstream moving walls is analysed. The separation is assumed to be provoked by an impinging shock or expansion wave. For large val- ues of the Reynolds number and under the assumption that the speed of the wall is [Mathematical equation appears here. To view, please open pdf attachment], the interaction is described by the classical triple deck theory. For the case [Mathematical equation appears here. To view, please open pdf attachment], the Navier-Stokes equations are analysed in a vicinity of the separation point using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. In chapter 2, the linearised interaction problem for a downstream moving wall is stud- ied and the upstream influence of small perturbations is shown to be exponentially decaying. Moreover, it is found that small perturbations to the skin friction decay alge- braically downstream. The focus then shifts towards the fully non-linear problem, when the strength of the impinging shock wave is of [Symbol appears here. To view, please open pdf attachment], and it is shown numerically that a singularity, indicative of separation, develops at the outer edge of the viscous sublayer. In chapter 3, supersonic flow over an upstream moving wall is considered for which the development of a singularity is observable in the non-linear problem, when the imping- ing shock wave is replaced by an expansion wave. Part II consists of chapter 4, in which hypersonic flows are investigated. In this case the viscous-inviscid interaction extends over the entire body surface and is described by a two-layer model. On motionless and downstream moving walls, the solution to the interaction problem near the leading edge is not unique and there exists an alge- braic upstream influence of perturbations. The associated eigenvalue problem near the leading edge is solved numerically using an iterative procedure and it is shown that the upstream influence becomes smaller as the speed of the wall is increased.
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Adib, Fadel. "See through walls with Wi-Fi." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82183.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-64).<br>Wi-Fi signals are typically information carriers between a transmitter and a receiver. In this thesis, we show that Wi-Fi can also extend our senses, enabling us to see moving objects through walls and behind closed doors. For example, we can identify the number of people in a closed room and their relative locations. We can also identify simple gestures made behind a wall. Further, by combining a sequence of gestures, a human can communicate messages to a wireless receiver without carrying any transmitting device. The thesis introduces two main innovations. First, it shows how one can use MIMO interference nulling to eliminate reflections off static objects and focus the receiver on a moving target. Second, it shows how one can track a human by treating the motion of a human body as an antenna array and tracking the resulting RF beam. We demonstrate the validity of our design by building it into USRP software radios and testing it in office buildings.<br>by Fadel Adib.<br>S.M.
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Malcolm, Christopher J. Jr. "Yarditecture : new walls for trench town." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87545.
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Thesis: M. Arch., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2014.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 114-115).<br>"The yard" -- the typical housing typology of low-income downtown, Jamaica where multiple households are contained within a surrounding wall. This thesis envelops itself in Trench town, Jamaica, the epicenter of what is known internationally as Jamaican culture, and to reinterpret the "yard" as a viable solution for sustainable urban growth. The housing type stems from historical times of slavery, where the 1744 Act of Jamaica was created in as a means to control slaves within large regions. This dictated that a seven-foot wall was required to be built around 6-9 shanties, leaving one entrance point as the sole access to inside the perimeter. This was intended to be a method of control, but instead became a way of cultural concealment from owners. As a yard, Trench town has undergone several transformations between a formal and informal social/spatial construct, but all the while retaining the yard typology of a surrounding wall. During violence on the streets in the 70s, the government yards' concrete walls have been broken in certain points, allowing a new internalized circulation, and creating a fluid labyrinthine field of not only living, but also a menagerie of working , and recreational spaces within the confines of the walls. Instead of restricting access, the watts of the Jamaican yard acts as a membrane, a negotiator between yards. Thus, this thesis seeks to provide a new intervention for the two blocks of trench town that were destroyed in the 70s, in the forms of infrastructural walls as the essential framework for autonomous informal growth. Instead of traditional holistic social housing plans or site-and-services upgrading, this thesis seeks to provide the in-between--providing walls which enable urban growth via different typologies of walls and their relations to one another. In this way, new density, spatial intent, and overall better living conditions can be informed by providing the minimal resolution of autonomous urban structure-- the quintessential wall, to be manipulated and expanded by the needs of the inhabitant.<br>by Christopher J Malcolm.<br>M. Arch.