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Journal articles on the topic 'Walvis Bay'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Voeltz, Richard A., and Lynn Berat. "Walvis Bay, Decolonization, and International Law." International Journal of African Historical Studies 23, no. 4 (1990): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219526.

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2

Grundy, Kenneth W., and Lynn Barat. "Walvis Bay: Decolonization and International Law." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 26, no. 3 (1992): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485296.

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3

Evans, Graham. "Walvis Bay: decolonization and international law." International Affairs 67, no. 1 (January 1991): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621300.

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4

Gerhart, Gail M., and Lynn Berat. "Walvis Bay: Decolonization and International Law." Foreign Affairs 70, no. 3 (1991): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20044902.

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5

Schmidt, Elizabeth, and Lynn Berat. "Walvis Bay: Decolonization and International Law." American Historical Review 96, no. 5 (December 1991): 1592. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2165405.

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6

Simon, David. "Namibia regains Walvis Bay at last." Review of African Political Economy 21, no. 59 (March 1994): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056249408704049.

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7

GUTTERIDGE, WILLIAM. "Walvis Bay: Decolonization and International Law." African Affairs 90, no. 359 (April 1991): 317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098428.

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8

Evans, Graham. "Walvis Bay: South Africa, Namibia and the question of sovereignty." International Affairs 66, no. 3 (July 1990): 559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2623074.

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9

Keil, Roger, and Anne-Marie Debbané. "Scaling discourse analysis: Experiences from Hermanus, South Africa and Walvis Bay, Namibia1." Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning 7, no. 3 (September 2005): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15239080500339786.

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10

Gutknecht, E., I. Dadou, B. Le Vu, G. Cambon, J. Sudre, V. Garçon, E. Machu, et al. "Nitrogen transfers and air-sea N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes in the upwelling off Namibia within the oxygen minimum zone: a 3-D model approach." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 2 (April 4, 2011): 3537–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-3537-2011.

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Abstract. As regions of high primary production and being often associated to Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs), Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) represent key regions for the oceanic nitrogen (N) cycle. Indeed, by exporting the Organic Matter (OM) and nutrients produced in the coastal region to the open ocean, EBUS can play an important role in sustaining primary production in subtropical gyres. Losses of fixed inorganic N, through denitrification and anammox processes and through nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions to the atmosphere, take place in oxygen depleted environments such as EBUS, and alleviate the role of these regions as a source of N. In the present study, we developed a 3-D coupled physical/biogeochemical (ROMS/BioBUS) model for investigating the full N budget in the Namibian sub-system of the Benguela Upwelling System (BUS). The different state variables of a climatological experiment have been compared to different data sets (satellite and in situ observations) and show that the model is able to represent this biogeochemical oceanic region. The N transfer is investigated in the Namibian upwelling system using this coupled model, especially in the Walvis Bay area between 22° S and 24° S where the OMZ is well developed (O2 < 0.5 ml O2 l−1). The upwelling process advects 24.2 × 1010 mol N yr−1 of nitrate enriched waters over the first 100 m over the slope and over the continental shelf. The meridional advection by the alongshore Benguela current brings also nutrient-rich waters with 21.1 × 1010 mol N yr−1. 10.5 × 1010 mol N yr−1 of OM are exported outside of the continental shelf (between 0 and 100-m depth). 32.4% and 18.1% of this OM are exported by advection in the form of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Matters (DOM and POM), respectively, however vertical sinking of POM represents the main contributor (49.5%) to OM export outside of the first 100-m depth of the water column on the continental shelf. The continental slope also represents a net N export (11.1 × 1010 mol N yr−1) between 0 and 100-m depth: advection processes export 14.4% of DOM and 1.8% of POM, and vertical sinking of POM contributes to 83.8%. Between 100 and 600-m depth, water column denitrification and anammox constitute a fixed inorganic N loss of 2.2 × 108 mol N yr−1 on the continental shelf and slope, which will not significantly influence the N transfer from the coast to the open ocean. At the bottom, an important quantity of OM is sequestrated in the upper sediments of the Walvis Bay area. 78.8% of POM vertical sinking at 100-m depth is sequestrated on the shelf sediment. Only 14% of POM vertical sinking reaches the sediment on the slope without being remineralized. From our estimation, the Walvis Bay area (0–100 m), can be a substantial N source (28.7 × 1010 mol N yr−1) for the eastern part of the South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. Assuming the same area for the South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre as the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, this estimation is equivalent to 3.7 × 10−2 mol N m−2 yr−1 for the Walvis Bay area, and 0.38 mol N m−2 yr−1 by extrapolating for the entire Benguela upwelling system. This last estimation is of the same order as other possible N sources sustaining primary production in the subtropical gyres. The continental shelf off Walvis Bay area does not represent more than 1.2% of the world's major eastern boundary regions and 0.006% of the global ocean, its estimated N2O emission (2.9 × 108 mol N2O yr−1), using a parameterization based on oxygen consumption, contributes to 4% of the emissions in the eastern boundary regions, and represents 0.2% of global ocean N2O emission. Hence, even if the Walvis Bay area is a small domain, its N2O emissions have to be taken into account in the atmospheric N2O budget.

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11

Brown, S. D., J. D. Wall, A. M. Kucken, C. C. Gilmour, M. Podar, C. C. Brandt, H. Teshima, et al. "Genome Sequence of the Mercury-Methylating and Pleomorphic Desulfovibrio africanus Strain Walvis Bay." Journal of Bacteriology 193, no. 15 (June 3, 2011): 4037–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.05223-11.

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12

Pokras, Edward M., and Amos Winter. "Variability of Holocene diatom assemblages in laminated sediments near Walvis Bay, southwest Africa." Marine Geology 76 (January 1987): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(87)90028-4.

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13

Gutknecht, E., I. Dadou, P. Marchesiello, G. Cambon, B. Le Vu, J. Sudre, V. Garçon, et al. "Nitrogen transfers off Walvis Bay: a 3-D coupled physical/biogeochemical modeling approach in the Namibian upwelling system." Biogeosciences 10, no. 6 (June 21, 2013): 4117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4117-2013.

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Abstract. Eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS) are regions of high primary production often associated with oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). They represent key regions for the oceanic nitrogen (N) cycle. By exporting organic matter (OM) and nutrients produced in the coastal region to the open ocean, EBUS can play an important role in sustaining primary production in subtropical gyres. However, losses of fixed inorganic N through denitrification and anammox processes take place in oxygen depleted environments such as EBUS, and can potentially mitigate the role of these regions as a source of N to the open ocean. EBUS can also represent a considerable source of nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere, affecting the atmospheric budget of N2O. In this paper a 3-D coupled physical/biogeochemical model (ROMS/BioEBUS) is used to investigate the N budget in the Namibian upwelling system. The main processes linked to EBUS and associated OMZs are taken into account. The study focuses on the northern part of the Benguela upwelling system (BUS), especially the Walvis Bay area (between 22° S and 24° S) where the OMZ is well developed. Fluxes of N off the Walvis Bay area are estimated in order to understand and quantify (1) the total N offshore export from the upwelling area, representing a possible N source that sustains primary production in the South Atlantic subtropical gyre; (2) export production and subsequent losses of fixed N via denitrification and anammox under suboxic conditions (O2 < 25 mmol O2 m−3); and (3) the N2O emission to the atmosphere in the upwelling area. In the mixed layer, the total N offshore export is estimated as 8.5 ± 3.9 × 1010 mol N yr−1 at 10° E off the Walvis Bay area, with a mesoscale contribution of 20%. Extrapolated to the whole BUS, the coastal N source for the subtropical gyre corresponds to 0.1 ± 0.04 mol N m−2 yr−1. This N flux represents a major source of N for the gyre compared with other N sources, and contributes 28% of the new primary production estimated for the South Atlantic subtropical gyre. Export production (16.9 ± 1.3 × 1010 mol N yr−1) helps to maintain an OMZ off Namibia in which coupled nitrification, denitrification and anammox processes lead to losses of fixed N and N2O production. However, neither N losses (0.04 ± 0.025 × 1010 mol N yr−1) nor N2O emissions (0.03 ± 0.002 × 1010 mol N yr−1) significantly impact the main N exports of the Walvis Bay area. The studied area does not significantly contribute to N2O emissions (0.5 to 2.7%) compared to the global coastal upwelling emissions. Locally produced N2O is mostly advected southward by the poleward undercurrent.

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14

Moberly, James G., Carrie L. Miller, Steven D. Brown, Abir Biswas, Craig C. Brandt, Anthony V. Palumbo, and Dwayne A. Elias. "Role of Morphological Growth State and Gene Expression inDesulfovibrio africanusStrain Walvis Bay Mercury Methylation." Environmental Science & Technology 46, no. 9 (April 20, 2012): 4926–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es3000933.

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15

Simmons, RE, and I. Cordes. "Why is shorebird density so high in Walvis Bay? Delayed blooming and Benguela upwellings." African Journal of Aquatic Science 25, no. 1 (January 2000): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/160859100780177721.

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16

Gridley, T., A. Nastasi, H. J. Kriesell, and S. H. Elwen. "The acoustic repertoire of wild common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Walvis Bay, Namibia." Bioacoustics 24, no. 2 (March 4, 2015): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2015.1014851.

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17

Lass, Hans Ulrich, and Volker Mohrholz. "On the fluctuations and vertical structure of the shelf circulation off Walvis Bay, Namibia." Continental Shelf Research 25, no. 12-13 (August 2005): 1473–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2005.04.012.

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18

Caputo, M., S. Elwen, T. Gridley, SA Kohler, JP Roux, PW Froneman, and JJ Kiszka. "Dietary plasticity of two coastal dolphin species in the Benguela upwelling ecosystem." Marine Ecology Progress Series 669 (July 8, 2021): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13755.

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Defining the trophic relationships of marine predators and their dietary preferences is essential in understanding their role and importance in ecosystems. Here we used stable isotope analysis of skin samples (δ15N values reflecting trophic level and δ13C values reflecting foraging habitat) to investigate resource partitioning and spatial differences of the feeding ecology of dusky dolphins Lagenorhynchus obscurus and Heaviside’s dolphins Cephalorhynchus heavisidii from 2 coastal study sites separated by 400 km along the coast of central (Walvis Bay) and southern (Lüderitz) Namibia in the Benguela upwelling ecosystem. Overall, isotopic niches of both predators were significantly different, indicating partitioning of resources and foraging habitats. Despite their smaller body size, Heaviside’s dolphins fed at a significantly higher trophic level than dusky dolphins. Stable isotope mixing models revealed that both species fed on high trophic level prey (i.e. large Merluccius spp., large Sufflogobius bibarbatus, and Trachurus t. capensis) at Walvis Bay. The diet of both dolphin species included smaller pelagic fish and squid at Lüderitz. Spatial differences highlight that Heaviside’s and dusky dolphins may exhibit dietary plasticity driven by prey availability, and that they likely form distinct population segments. Important prey for both dolphin species, specifically Merluccius spp. and T. t. capensis, are the main target of trawl fisheries in the Benguela upwelling ecosystem, highlighting potential resource overlap between dolphins and fisheries.

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19

Ufkes, Els, and Willem-Jan Zachariasse. "Origin of Coiling Differences in Living Neogloboquadrinids in the Walvis Bay Region, off Namibia, Southwest Africa." Micropaleontology 39, no. 3 (1993): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1485901.

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20

Wanjekeche, Tom. "Investigation into the Optimal Wind Turbine Layout Patterns for a Wind Farm in Walvis Bay, Namibia." American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 7, no. 3 (2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20180703.12.

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21

Hansen, FC, RR Cloete, and HM Verheye. "Seasonal and spatial variability of dominant copepods along a transect off Walvis Bay (23°S), Namibia." African Journal of Marine Science 27, no. 1 (January 2005): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/18142320509504068.

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22

Flynn, BA, and MJ Gibbons. "A note on the diet and feeding ofChrysaora hysoscellain Walvis Bay Lagoon, Namibia, during September 2003." African Journal of Marine Science 29, no. 2 (August 2007): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/ajms.2007.29.2.15.197.

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23

Maillard, Jean-Claude. "BillaVer Hungiree Wilson et Samé Ekobo Muriel, 2002 - A human Geography of Walvis Bay. Beyond the Reintegration." Cahiers d'Outre-Mer 55, no. 219 (July 1, 2002): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/com.2340.

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24

Morgan, Eric J., Jost V. Lavric, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Hermann W. Bange, Tobias Steinhoff, Thomas Seifert, and Martin Heimann. "Air–sea fluxes of greenhouse gases and oxygen in the northern Benguela Current region during upwelling events." Biogeosciences 16, no. 20 (October 21, 2019): 4065–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4065-2019.

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Abstract. Ground-based atmospheric observations of CO2, δ(O2∕N2), N2O, and CH4 were used to make estimates of the air–sea fluxes of these species from the Lüderitz and Walvis Bay upwelling cells in the northern Benguela region, during upwelling events. Average flux densities (±1σ) were 0.65±0.4 µmol m−2 s−1 for CO2, -5.1±2.5 µmol m−2 s−1 for O2 (as APO), 0.61±0.5 nmol m−2 s−1 for N2O, and 4.8±6.3 nmol m−2 s−1 for CH4. A comparison of our top-down (i.e., inferred from atmospheric anomalies) flux estimates with shipboard-based measurements showed that the two approaches agreed within ±55 % on average, though the degree of agreement varied by species and was best for CO2. Since the top-down method overestimated the flux density relative to the shipboard-based approach for all species, we also present flux density estimates that have been tuned to best match the shipboard fluxes. During the study, upwelling events were sources of CO2, N2O, and CH4 to the atmosphere. N2O fluxes were fairly low, in accordance with previous work suggesting that the evasion of this gas from the Benguela is smaller than for other eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS). Conversely, CH4 release was quite high for the marine environment, a result that supports studies that indicated a large sedimentary source of CH4 in the Walvis Bay area. These results demonstrate the suitability of atmospheric time series for characterizing the temporal variability of upwelling events and their influence on the overall marine greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the northern Benguela region.

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25

Haimbala, Tangeni, Helmine Egokom, and Agulaba Ambi. "A Comparison of Waste Management Systems in the Towns of Walvis Bay and Limbe: Experience from Vienna, Austria." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 10, no. 7 (July 12, 2020): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.10.07.2020.p10345.

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26

Elwen, SH, RH Leeney, and T. Gridley. "Abundance estimates of an isolated population of common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in Walvis Bay, Namibia, 2008–2012." African Journal of Marine Science 41, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/1814232x.2019.1572538.

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27

Simmons, Rob, Neil Baker, Rod Braby, Tim Dodman, Oliver Nasirwa, Stephanie Tyler, Wilferd Versfeld, Keith Wearne, and Marius Wheeler. "The Chestnut-banded Plover is an overlooked globally Near Threatened Species." Bird Conservation International 17, no. 3 (September 2007): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270907000779.

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AbstractSpecies that show obvious population declines are relatively easy to categorize as globally threatened under IUCN Red List criteria. However, species whose populations are highly concentrated at a few inaccessible sites that are unprotected or habitat-threatened and then disperse are more difficult to pigeon-hole. Here we re-assess the conservation status of one such species – the Chestnut-banded Plover Charadrius pallidus – that occurs across Africa in specialized, inaccessible and arid habitat. Wetland bird counts from 1991 to the present allow us to determine a new world population estimate of about 17,830 birds. This allows us to determine a new 1% level and we identified only eight sites in southern and East Africa where these plovers congregate in numbers >1% when non-breeding. There are only five other sites that hold more than 100 birds, indicating that the species is not simply widely dispersed across suitable habitats. Simultaneous counts across southern and East Africa indicate that just three sites – Walvis Bay and Sandwich Harbour in Namibia and Lake Natron in Tanzania – can hold 87% of the world population during non-breeding periods. Since two of these sites are under threat from pollution, siltation and water abstraction, and the eight sites in total comprise just 30% of the area criteria set by IUCN, the bird meets one of the two qualifiers for globally Vulnerable status. Despite this, we cannot detect any long-term declines in population size, partly because of wide variations in population numbers over decadal time periods (itself an IUCN qualifier). It is clear that this bird should move from its present Least Concern status to Near Threatened and conservation measures be enacted at two of the top three sites – Walvis Bay and Lake Natron.

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28

Fontanier, C., E. Metzger, C. Waelbroeck, M. Jouffreau, N. LeFloch, F. Jorissen, H. Etcheber, et al. "Live (Stained) Benthic Foraminifera Off Walvis Bay, Namibia: A Deep-Sea Ecosystem under the Influence of Bottom Nepheloid Layers." Journal of Foraminiferal Research 43, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.43.1.55.

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29

Dugard, John. "Walvis Bay. Decolonization and International Law. By Lynn Berat. New Haven, London: Yale University Press, 1990. Pp. x, 219. Index. $25." American Journal of International Law 85, no. 4 (October 1991): 751–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203295.

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30

Byerley, Andrew. "The Rise of the Compound–Hostel–Location Assemblage as Infrastructure of South African Colonial Power: The Case of Walvis Bay 1915–1960." Journal of Southern African Studies 41, no. 3 (May 4, 2015): 519–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2015.1032724.

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31

Savela, Nina, Jarkko Levänen, Sara Lindeman, Nnenesi Kgabi, Heikki Koivisto, Meri Olenius, Samuel John, Damas Mashauri, and Minna M. Keinänen-Toivola. "Rapid Urbanization and Infrastructure Pressure: Comparing the Sustainability Transition Potential of Water and Energy Regimes in Namibia." World 1, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/world1020006.

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This article presents a comparative study of the urban water and energy sectors in the coastal city of Walvis Bay in Namibia, where the rapid urbanization places pressure on public infrastructure development. A multidata approach is used to study the ability of the energy and water sectors to adapt to this pressure. Theoretically, the analysis is guided by the systems transition framework. A comparison between the two regimes is made on four dimensions: (1) regime dynamics, (2) level of complexity, (3) level of coordination, and (4) multiplicity of perceptions. The energy regime was found to be more capable of transitioning towards more sustainable practices due to better outcomes in multi-stakeholder engagement, a higher level of transparency, and differing landscape and niche development. The energy regime is also more open for new service providers. The water regime, on the other hand, suffers from overlapping roles and practices as well as non-existent monitoring authorities, which together negatively affect the regime’s transition potential. Both regimes suffer from lack of funding and weak institutional capacities. In conclusion, the transition potential of the studied regimes is found to increase when cross-sectoral governance is strengthened.

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32

Koppelmann, Rolf, Björn Kullmann, Niko Lahajnar, Bettina Martin, and Volker Mohrholz. "Onshore–offshore distribution of Thecosomata (Gastropoda) in the Benguela Current upwelling region off Namibia: species diversity and trophic position." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 6 (March 26, 2013): 1625–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315413000052.

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Many Thecosomata (Gastropoda) produce an aragonite shell and are potentially threatened by the increasing ocean acidification. Information about these species is very important for future monitoring of the fate of this group. This paper investigates the distribution, species composition and trophic role of Thecosomata along a transect from the coast into the open ocean off Walvis Bay, Namibia, in September 2010 and January/February 2011. Twenty species were detected, but three taxa (Limacina bulimoides, Limacina inflata and Desmopterus papilio) dominated the community with more than 80% of the total standing stock. Diel vertical migration was observed for both Limacina taxa with higher concentrations in surface waters during night. Desmopterus papilio revealed almost no day/night differences. The highest diversities and abundances were detected at the slope and offshore stations, indicating the oceanic preference of this group; some taxa aggregated at the shelf–open ocean interface. δ15N measurements confirmed the first trophic level of this group; however, significant differences were detected between seasons with higher values in February 2011. This can be related to differences in seston values as the primary food source. Possible biogeochemical causes for these differences like an exhaustion of the nitrate pool or denitrification processes under suboxic conditions are discussed.

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33

Paillou, Philippe, Sylvia Lopez, Eugene Marais, and Klaus Scipal. "Mapping Paleohydrology of the Ephemeral Kuiseb River, Namibia, from Radar Remote Sensing." Water 12, no. 5 (May 19, 2020): 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051441.

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The Kuiseb River is one of the major ephemeral rivers of Western Namibia, setting the northern limit of the Namib Sand Sea and outflowing in the Atlantic Ocean at Walvis Bay. Such ephemeral rivers are of the highest importance for the country since they are related both to recent past climatic conditions and to potential water resources. Using high-resolution radar images from the Japanese ALOS-2 satellite, we mapped for the first time the numerous channels hidden under the surface aeolian sediments: while the non-permanent tributaries of the Kuiseb River appear north of its present-day bed, a wide paleochannel system running westward, assumed by previous studies, could be clearly observed in the interdune valleys in the south. Radar-detected channels were studied during fieldwork in May 2019, which produced both subsurface ground-penetrating radar profiles and high-resolution drone-generated digital elevation models. It allowed us to confirm the existence of the “Paleo–Kuiseb” drainage system, a remnant of the Holocene history of the Kuiseb River, moving northward under the progression of the Namib Sand Sea. Our observations also contribute to the explanation of the young age of the linear dunes at the northern edge of the Namib Sand Sea, which are currently active and are pushing the Kuiseb River course toward the north.

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34

Ebert, David A., Leonard J. V. Compagno, and Paul D. Cowley. "Reproductive biology of catsharks (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) off the west coast of southern Africa." ICES Journal of Marine Science 63, no. 6 (January 1, 2006): 1053–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.04.016.

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Abstract This study presents information on the reproductive biology of five southern African catshark species: Apristurus microps, A. saldanha, Apristurus sp., Galeus polli, and Scyliorhinus capensis. They were caught between Walvis Bay, Namibia, and Cape Agulhas, South Africa, from 50 to 1016 m deep. The reproductive mode of four species was oviparous, whereas G. polli exhibited aplacental viviparity. Males of all species attained first maturity slightly larger than females, and males of the four oviparous species attained a larger LTmax than females. The length at 50% maturity was similar for males and females in most species. All species matured at an LT > 75% of LTmax except for male Apristurus spp. and female G. polli, which matured at 71.2% and 68.8%, respectively, of LTmax. The egg case of A. microps has minute tendrils, whereas those of S. capensis were quite long, suggesting different egg-laying habitats. Fecundity in G. polli ranged from 5 to 13, and litter size increased in relation to increased female length. Embryos of G. polli were large, each measuring approximately 30% of female LT. Neonates of G. polli were common and appear to have a demersal lifestyle; those of the four oviparous species were entirely absent from the study. Gravid A. microps were found in summer and winter, indicating a protracted breeding cycle, but reproductively active S. capensis were caught only in winter. Prior to this study, reproductive information on these catsharks was largely lacking.

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35

Longden, Emma G., Simon H. Elwen, Barry McGovern, Bridget S. James, Clare B. Embling, and Tess Gridley. "Mark–recapture of individually distinctive calls—a case study with signature whistles of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)." Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 5 (August 17, 2020): 1289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa081.

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Abstract Robust abundance estimates of wild animal populations are needed to inform management policies and are often obtained through mark–recapture (MR) studies. Visual methods are commonly used, which limits data collection to daylight hours and good weather conditions. Passive acoustic monitoring offers an alternative, particularly if acoustic cues are naturally produced and individually distinctive. Here we investigate the potential of using individually distinctive signature whistles in a MR framework and evaluate different components of study design. We analyzed signature whistles of common bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, using data collected from static acoustic monitoring devices deployed in Walvis Bay, Namibia. Signature whistle types (SWTs) were identified using a bout analysis approach (SIGnature IDentification [SIGID]—Janik et al. 2013). We investigated spatial variation in capture by comparing 21 synchronized recording days across four sites, and temporal variation from 125 recording days at one high-use site (Aphrodite Beach). Despite dolphin vocalizations (i.e., echolocation clicks) being detected at each site, SWTs were not detected at all sites and there was high variability in capture rates among sites where SWTs were detected (range 0–21 SWTs detected). At Aphrodite Beach, 53 SWTs were captured over 6 months and discovery curves showed an initial increase in newly detected SWTs, approaching asymptote during the fourth month. A Huggins closed capture model constructed from SWT capture histories at Aphrodite Beach estimated a population of 54–68 individuals from acoustic detection, which overlaps with the known population size (54–76 individuals—Elwen et al. 2019). This study demonstrates the potential power of using signature whistles as proxies for individual occurrence and in MR abundance estimation, but also highlights challenges in using this approach.

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Simon-Agolory, Katrina Michelle. "From Botswana to Namibia: getting the Trans-Kalahari railway on track." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 9, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-03-2018-0047.

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Learning outcomes By the end of the case and class discussion, students will be able to estimate project costs and benefits, both tangible and intangible, analyse enterprise environmental factors that may impact a project, identify the complexities of managing a multinational project and evaluate a project status and determine if continuation or cessation is the best option. Case overview/synopsis This case narrates the story to connect landlocked Botswana’s rich coalfields with the Namibian coast. In 2005, the Governments of Botswana and Namibia started discussions to bring forth a 1,500-km railway that traverses the two countries to the Port of Walvis Bay. In total, 10 years and many lengthy negotiations later, the Trans-Kalahari Railway (TKR) Project Management Office finally opened in Windhoek in April 2015. The project is expected to cost US$14.2bn and will be developed via a public-private partnership approach based on a DBOOT contractual arrangement, whereby a developer undertakes the financing, design, construction, operation and maintenance of the project. This case illustrates the complexities of managing a multinational project. After much slower than expected progress, the viability of the project is questioned. Complexity academic level This case is intended for post-graduate business students and MBA students who are studying in a management curriculum. It is primarily written for students in a project management course but may also be used for other courses, such as a negotiation class. The case can be used with undergraduate students by modifying the case questions. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 7: Management science.

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Pistone, Kristina, Jens Redemann, Sarah Doherty, Paquita Zuidema, Sharon Burton, Brian Cairns, Sabrina Cochrane, et al. "Intercomparison of biomass burning aerosol optical properties from in situ and remote-sensing instruments in ORACLES-2016." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 14 (July 18, 2019): 9181–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9181-2019.

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Abstract. The total effect of aerosols, both directly and on cloud properties, remains the biggest source of uncertainty in anthropogenic radiative forcing on the climate. Correct characterization of intensive aerosol optical properties, particularly in conditions where absorbing aerosol is present, is a crucial factor in quantifying these effects. The southeast Atlantic Ocean (SEA), with seasonal biomass burning smoke plumes overlying and mixing with a persistent stratocumulus cloud deck, offers an excellent natural laboratory to make the observations necessary to understand the complexities of aerosol–cloud–radiation interactions. The first field deployment of the NASA ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) campaign was conducted in September of 2016 out of Walvis Bay, Namibia. Data collected during ORACLES-2016 are used to derive aerosol properties from an unprecedented number of simultaneous measurement techniques over this region. Here, we present results from six of the eight independent instruments or instrument combinations, all applied to measure or retrieve aerosol absorption and single-scattering albedo. Most but not all of the biomass burning aerosol was located in the free troposphere, in relative humidities typically ranging up to 60 %. We present the single-scattering albedo (SSA), absorbing and total aerosol optical depth (AAOD and AOD), and absorption, scattering, and extinction Ångström exponents (AAE, SAE, and EAE, respectively) for specific case studies looking at near-coincident and near-colocated measurements from multiple instruments, and SSAs for the broader campaign average over the month-long deployment. For the case studies, we find that SSA agrees within the measurement uncertainties between multiple instruments, though, over all cases, there is no strong correlation between values reported by one instrument and another. We also find that agreement between the instruments is more robust at higher aerosol loading (AOD400>0.4). The campaign-wide average and range shows differences in the values measured by each instrument. We find the ORACLES-2016 campaign-average SSA at 500 nm (SSA500) to be between 0.85 and 0.88, depending on the instrument considered (4STAR, AirMSPI, or in situ measurements), with the interquartile ranges for all instruments between 0.83 and 0.89. This is consistent with previous September values reported over the region (between 0.84 and 0.90 for SSA at 550nm). The results suggest that the differences observed in the campaign-average values may be dominated by instrument-specific spatial sampling differences and the natural physical variability in aerosol conditions over the SEA, rather than fundamental methodological differences.

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Pistone, Kristina, Paquita Zuidema, Robert Wood, Michael Diamond, Arlindo M. da Silva, Gonzalo Ferrada, Pablo E. Saide, et al. "Exploring the elevated water vapor signal associated with the free tropospheric biomass burning plume over the southeast Atlantic Ocean." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 12 (June 29, 2021): 9643–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9643-2021.

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Abstract. In southern Africa, widespread agricultural fires produce substantial biomass burning (BB) emissions over the region. The seasonal smoke plumes associated with these emissions are then advected westward over the persistent stratocumulus cloud deck in the southeast Atlantic (SEA) Ocean, resulting in aerosol effects which vary with time and location. Much work has focused on the effects of these aerosol plumes, but previous studies have also described an elevated free tropospheric water vapor signal over the SEA. Water vapor influences climate in its own right, and it is especially important to consider atmospheric water vapor when quantifying aerosol–cloud interactions and aerosol radiative effects. Here we present airborne observations made during the NASA ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) campaign over the SEA Ocean. In observations collected from multiple independent instruments on the NASA P-3 aircraft (from near-surface to 6–7 km), we observe a strongly linear correlation between pollution indicators (carbon monoxide (CO) and aerosol loading) and atmospheric water vapor content, seen at all altitudes above the boundary layer. The focus of the current study is on the especially strong correlation observed during the ORACLES-2016 deployment (out of Walvis Bay, Namibia), but a similar relationship is also observed in the August 2017 and October 2018 ORACLES deployments. Using reanalyses from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), and specialized WRF-Chem simulations, we trace the plume–vapor relationship to an initial humid, smoky continental source region, where it mixes with clean, dry upper tropospheric air and then is subjected to conditions of strong westward advection, namely the southern African easterly jet (AEJ-S). Our analysis indicates that air masses likely left the continent with the same relationship between water vapor and carbon monoxide as was observed by aircraft. This linear relationship developed over the continent due to daytime convection within a deep continental boundary layer (up to ∼5–6 km) and mixing with higher-altitude air, which resulted in fairly consistent vertical gradients in CO and water vapor, decreasing with altitude and varying in time, but this water vapor does not originate as a product of the BB combustion itself. Due to a combination of conditions and mixing between the smoky, moist continental boundary layer and the dry and fairly clean upper-troposphere air above (∼6 km), the smoky, humid air is transported by strong zonal winds and then advected over the SEA (to the ORACLES flight region) following largely isentropic trajectories. Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT) back trajectories support this interpretation. This work thus gives insights into the conditions and processes which cause water vapor to covary with plume strength. Better understanding of this relationship, including how it varies spatially and temporally, is important to accurately quantify direct, semi-direct, and indirect aerosol effects over this region.

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Morawiecka, Iwona, Ian Slipper, and Peter Walsh. "A palaeokarst of probable Kainozoic age preserved in Cambrian marble at Cemaes Bay, Anglesey, North Wales." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 40, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/40/1996/47.

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Azevedo, Alexandre F., Simone C. Viana, Alvaro M. Oliveira, and Monique Van Sluys. "Group characteristics of marine tucuxis (Sotalia fluviatilis) (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in Guanabara Bay, south-eastern Brazil." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, no. 1 (February 2005): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315405011082h.

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Thirty-six boat surveys were conducted in Guanabara Bay, south-eastern Brazil, from October 2002 to June 2004 in order to investigate marine tucuxi group characteristics. The average and the range of tucuxis group size in the Guanabara Bay are similar with areas where small group sizes have been recorded. Group size ranged between one and 40 individuals (13·0±9·5; median=10·0). Groups of two to ten dolphins were the most common (53·9% of observations). Group size and the maximum number of dolphins sighted in each survey day did not vary between seasons (Kruskal–Wallis test, H3,36=3·249; P=0·355). Spatial geometry varied with group size and mixed groups were the largest (Kruskal–Wallis test, H3,218=57·149; P<0·001). The presence of calves had a great effect on group size, and nursery groups (mean =14·3±9·1; median=13·0) were twice as large than non-calf groups (mean=7·1±5·2; median=6·0). It is suggested that larger groups may aid in the calves development and learning. Group size changed frequently, resulting in 82·2% of observations with no constant size. Group size of marine tucuxi was not affected by the dolphins' behaviour (Kruskal–Wallis test, H2,215=5·626, P=0·06) neither by water depth (R2=0·012; F1,219=2·82; P=0·094).

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Santos, Urânia Amaral dos, Martin Roberto Alvarez, Ana Cristina Schilling, Gil Marcelo Reuss Strenzel, and Yvonnick Le Pendu. "Spatial distribution and activities of the estuarine dolphin Sotalia guianensis (van Bénédén, 1864) (Cetacea, Delphinidae) in Pontal Bay, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil." Biota Neotropica 10, no. 2 (June 2010): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032010000200007.

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We analyzed the influence of time, tide and water depth on the activity and spatial distribution of estuarine dolphins Sotalia guianensis in Pontal Bay, Ilhéus, Brazil. Direct observations were carried out at four fixed points from January to December of 2006. Estuarine dolphins were sighted in 11 out of 12 months and in 30% of 181 sampling periods. The average group size, which was 3.75 ± 1.59 (n = 64), did not vary significantly by month (Kruskal-Wallis, H = 10.6729; p = 0.3836). Infants and adults represented 18 and 82% of the individuals whose age we were able to determine, respectively. Estuarine dolphins were more frequently present than expected in areas deeper than 3 m (regression GLM, z = 3.773; p = 0.0002). The animals were more frequently observed between 7:00 and 8:00 AM and between 3:00 and 5:00 PM (X² = 83.815; p < 0.0001). Their presence in the bay tripled between the fourth hour of the flood and high tide, remaining elevated during the ebb tide (X² = 22.152; p = 0.02). The tide also influenced the animals' feeding and travelling direction, mainly toward the open see during the flood and to the back of the bay during others stages. Further studies are necessary to analyze the influence of the hydrographic characteristics of Pontal Bay on the spatio-temporal distribution of estuarine dolphins and their prey.

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Mulyanti, Rita Yuni. "PERBEDAAN NILAI-NILAI KERJA GENERASI BABY BOOMER, GENERASI X DAN GENERASI Y (Survey Pada Karyawan Hotel Provinsi Jawa Barat)." Jurnal Ekobis : Ekonomi Bisnis & Manajemen 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37932/j.e.v11i1.251.

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Setiap generasi memiliki nilai-nilai yang dibentuk oleh peristiwa-peristiwa penting dalam sejarah yang mengubah arah perkembangan masyarakat tempat generasi itu dibesarkan secara fundamental. Peristiwa ini memengaruhi nilai, preferensi, dan perilaku saat bekerja. Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang perbedaan nilai yang dianut oleh generasi baby boomer, generasi X, dan generasi Y di tempat kerja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kausatif, dengan data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui survei pada 400 orang karyawan hotel di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Sebanyak 55 orang karyawan generasi baby boomer, 144 karyawan generasi X dan 201 karyawan generasi Y telah mengisi kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskall Wallis dan dilanjutkan dengan uji post hoc dengan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nilai-nilai antara generasi baby boomer, X dan Y. Generasi baby boomer memiliki kepatuhan yang berbeda dengan generasi X dan generasi Y. Generasi baby boomer dan generasi Y juga memiliki perbedaan nilai-nilai yang berkaitan dengan work life balance. Selain itu juga ditemukan perbedaan antara generasi X dengan generasi Y pada nilai-nilai yang berkaitan dengan kepatuhan, work life balance dan pengaruh. Perbedaan nilai-nilai generasi perlu dikelola dengan baik agar dapat bersinergi dalam mencapai tujuan perusahaan.Kata kunci: Nilai-nilai generasi, generasi X, generasi Y, baby boomer, uji beda, Kruskall Wallis ABSTRACTEach generation has values shaped by important events in history that fundamentally changed the direction of the development of the society in which that generation was raised. These events affect your values, preferences, and on-the-job behavior. This article describes the different values held by the baby boomer generation, generation X, and generation Y in the workplace. The research method used in this research is descriptive causative, with primary data collected through a survey of 400 hotel employees in West Java Province. A total of 55 employees of the baby boomer generation, 144 of the X generation and 201 of the Y generation employees have filled out the questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using the Kruskall Wallis test and followed by the post hoc test with the Mann Whitney test. The results of data analysis show that there are differences in values between the baby boomer generations, X and Y. The baby boomer generations have different obedience from generation X and generation Y. The baby boomer generation and Y generation also have different values related to work life balance. In addition, differences were also found between generation X and generation Y on values related to compliance, work life balance and influence. The differences in the values created need to be managed properly in order to synergize in achieving company goalsKeywords: generation values, generation X, generation Y, baby boomers, different test, Kruskall Wallis

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Dwiyanti, Ratih Dewi, Rion Dediq, and Anny Thuraidah. "Daya Bunuh Ekstrak Air Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) terhadap Larva Aedes sp." Medical Laboratory Technology Journal 3, no. 1 (July 3, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31964/mltj.v3i1.151.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">edes sp is known as a mosquito that transmits various diseases. In addition to spreading dengue fever and chikungunya, these mosquitoes also spread the virus zika is quite dangerous. One of the effort to controlling these diseases is to eradicate the vector by using materials that can be taken from plants one of them is bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum). The purpose of this study is to determine the kills power of Syzygium polyanthum water extract against Aedes sp larvae. This research uses true experiment with Posttest Only With Control Group Design design. Data were obtained from the number of larval deaths in the Syzygium polyanthum extract in each control group and treatment group for 24 hours. The results showed that the percentage of bayleaf water extract which has the largest number of larval deaths was at 32% concentration with 55% death percentage. It was concluded that each concentration of aqueous bay leaf water extract given had a killing power against Aedes sp larvae with the lowest percentage of 2.5% and the highest 55%. Based on the result of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that water extract of the bay leaf was able to kill Aedes sp larvae at each treatment with the value of sig 0,001. Suggestion for the next researcher to test the power of killing the water extract of Syzygium polyanthum to Aedes sp larvae by increasing the concentration of salted bay water extract.

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Fortunato, Caroline S., David B. Carlini, Evan Ewers, and Karen L. Bushaw-Newton. "Nitrifier and denitrifier molecular operational taxonomic unit compositions from sites of a freshwater estuary of Chesapeake Bay." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, no. 3 (March 2009): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-124.

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Temporal and spatial changes in the molecular operational taxonomic unit (OTU) compositions of bacteria harboring genes for nitrification and denitrification were assessed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), clone-based DNA sequencing of selected PCR products, and analyses of ammonium and organic matter concentrations. Sediment, overlying water, and pore-water samples were taken from different vegetated sites of Jug Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Maryland, during spring, summer, and fall 2006. OTU richness and the diversities of nitrifiers and denitrifiers were assessed by the presence of bands on DGGE gels, both ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were seasonally dependent. AOB OTU richness was highest in the summer when NOB richness was decreased, whereas NOB richness was highest in the spring when AOB richness was decreased. The OTU diversities of nitrifiers did not correlate with ammonium concentrations, organic matter concentrations, or the presence of vegetation. The OTU diversities of denitrifiers possessing either the nirK or nosZ genes were not seasonally dependent but were positively correlated with organic matter content (p = 0.0015, r2 = 0.27; p < 0.0001, r2 = 0.39, respectively). Additionally, the presence of vegetation significantly enhanced nosZ species richness (Wilcoxon/Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.008), but this trend was not seen for nirK OTU richness. Banding patterns for nirK OTUs were more similar within sites for each season compared with any of the other genes. Over all seasons, nirK OTU richness was highest and AOB and nosZ OTU richness were lowest (Wilcoxon/Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.0001). High levels of sequence divergence among cloned nirK PCR products indicate a broad diversity of nirK homologs in this freshwater estuary.

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Widiyastuti, Lina, Widyasari Putranti, Moch Saiful Bachri, and Wilda Nur Hijriati Aslama. "Diuretic Effect on Combination of Celery Herb (Apium graveolens L.) and Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum W.) Ethanol Extract towards Wistar Male Mice (Rattus norvegicus L.)." Advanced Materials Research 1162 (April 2021): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1162.129.

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Celery (Apium graveolensL.) and Bay (Syzygium polyanthumWight) contain active compound of flavonoid which can obstruct reabsorbsion of Na and water until increase diuretic effect. This research aims to know diuretic effect combinations from celery herb and bay leaf ethanol extract 70% toward Wistar Male Mice using Lipschitz test. The research design is experimental withposttest only control group designby deviding the mice into normal group, hydrochlorothiazide group 25 mg/kg, control CMC-Na 0.5%, and combinations of celery herb (CHEE) and bay leaf ethanol extract(BLEE) treatment group. Those were made in 3 variances combinations doses which are; 1.125 mg/kg:6.25 mg/kg (combination-1), 2.25 mg/kg:12.5 mg/kg (combination-2), and 4.5 mg/kg:25 mg/kg (combination-3) and also 2 single doses of CHEE 4.5 mg/kg and BLEE 25 mg/kg. Diuretic effect is determined by a diuretic index and Lipschitz value. Urine volume is analyzed with ANOVA and continued analyzing with non parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney. The results of diuretic effect combinations from CHEE and BLEE showed that the three combinations have diuretic effect with value index in series from the smallest dose combinations are; 1.83, 1.86, 2.09 at 5 hours and 1.73, 1.75, 2.02 at 24 hours. Lipschitz values are 0.78, 0.79, 0.89 at 5 hours observation and 0.79, 0.79, 0.913 at 24 hours. Diuretic energy are ; 69.84%, 72.48%, 94.12% at 5 hours and 65.79%, 67.79%, 93.15% at 24 hours. Based on the test results of diuretic effects, combinations of CHEE and BLEE have diuretic effect and combination-3 which is the closest to hydrochlorothiazide.

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Natalia Erzalinda Mendrofa, Fransisca, Nurcahyo Widyodaru Saputro, and Lutfi Afifah. "Induction Shoots From Callus of Cucumber Apple (Cucumis sp.) Using a Combination of Benzil Amino Purine and Naphtalene Acetic Acid Concentrations In Vitro." Mangifera Edu 5, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v5i2.102.

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Research on indirect organogenesis of cucumber apple (Cucumis sp.) was conducted from March to May 2020. This study aims to find the best combination between Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) on the growth of cucumber apple (Cucumis) sp.) on Gamborg media (B5) by organogenesis. The callus used came fromcucumber seeds explants with a concentration of NAA 2,0 mg/l + BAP 0,2 mg/l using Murashige and Skoog media. The research method used is an experimental method with nonparametric statistics with 24 treatments repeated three times and analyzed descriptively using the Kruskal Wallis test. The results showed that the best treatment of cucumber apple shoots was the combination of NAA and BAP, namely the B4N2 treatment (2,5 ppm BAP + 0,20 ppm NAA) with shoot height (0,45 cm). At a single concentration, a concentration of 1 ppm BAP was able to provide a faster effect on shoot formation time, namely at 24 days after initiation (hsi) and the best response to shooting height (0,5cm).

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Gerold, Philipp. "Waldbrandmanagement im Kanton Wallis und Lehren aus dem Brand von Visp im Jahr 2011." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 170, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2019.0251.

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Fire management in the canton of Valais and lessons learnt from the Visp fire 2011 Long-lasting dry weather conditions without precipitation in the Valais make the area very prone to forest fires. Following the large fire in Leuk in summer 2003, the cantonal authorities developed between 2006 and 2008 a fire management concept mainly focusing on prevention activities and on completing the water points net on the whole territory. A very important outcome of this concept is the definition of priority regions where a detailed fire prevention and control concept should be implemented. Concerning the fire danger rating, the canton of Valais acquired the “Incendi” system from the canton of Grisons, which uses meteorological data from the MeteoSwiss weather stations network to provide a daily calculation of several fire weather indices. In case of high fire danger, a fire ban in the open can be decreed basing on the cantonal fire law. The 110 ha large forest fire in Visp (2011) represented a very good test for the new cantonal fire management concept, especially for what concerns the impact on the forest protection functions. The very dry 2018 summer and the forecasted climatic change will in the future give a very central role to the fire prevention activities.

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Anhoque, Carolina Fiorin, Simone Cristina Aires Domingues, Thiago Carvalho, Antônio Lúcio Teixeira, and Renan Barros Domingues. "Anxiety and depressive symptoms in clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 69, no. 6 (December 2011): 882–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2011000700006.

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Depression and anxiety have been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). However, the precise mechanisms that lead to depressive and anxiety symptoms in these patients are still unclear. In this study we evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) patients with MS and CIS and compared them to controls. We also correlated BDI and BAI scores with clinical parameters. Kruskall-Wallis followed by Dunn's Multiple Comparison Test, Chi-square and Spearman test were used. Patients with MS had higher depressive and anxiety scores than controls. The BDI and BAI scores of patients with CIS were not significantly different from controls. There was a positive correlation between BDI, BAI and EDSS. Our results corroborate the view that MS patients have higher depression and anxiety levels than control subjects. Anxiety and depressive symptoms also seem to progress according to the severity of the disease.

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Massaccesi, Daniele, Emiliano Treré, Regine Buschauer, Liz Millward, Chandra D. Bhimull, Debojyoti Das, Tracy Nichols Busch, Anindyo Roy, and Carmelo Busceme. "Book Reviews." Transfers 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2013.030313.

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Rodney Wai-chi Chu, Leopoldina Fortunati, Pul-Lam Law, and Shanhua Yang, eds., Mobile Communication and Greater China Review by Daniele MassaccesiPui-Lam Law, ed., New Connectivities in China: Virtual, Actual and Local Interactions Review by Emiliano TreréCara Wallis, Technomobility in China: Young Migrant Women and Mobile Phones Review by Regine BuschauerJames Fallows, China Airborne: The Test of China’s Future Review by Liz MillwardKatherine Boo, Behind the Beautiful Forevers: Life, Death and Hope in a Mumbai Undercity Review by Chandra D. BhimullRila Mukherjee, ed., Pelagic Passageways: The Northern Bay of Bengal Before Colonialism Review by Debojyoti DasJamal J. Elias, On Wings of Diesel: Trucks, Identity and Culture in Pakistan Review by Tracy Nichols BuschArundhati Roy, Walking with the Comrades Review by Anindyo RoyRuchira Ganguly-Scrase and Kuntala Lahiri-Dutt, eds., Rethinking Displacement: Asia Pacific Perspectives Review by Carmelo Buscema

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Mladina, Nada, Devleta Hadzic, Elvira Konjic, and Zarko Mladina. "EFFECT OF URINE SAMPLE COLLECTION METHOD ON CONTAMINATION RATE OF URINE CULTURE." Acta Medica Saliniana 38, no. 1 (February 3, 2009): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5457/ams.v38i1.29.

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Introduction: Urine sample for biochemical analysis must fulfill certain criterions. The sample collection must be done by following established standards so that the results of analysis are reliable. In children of various age, especially during serious disease, adequate consideration must be devoted to this procedure.Aims: To evaluate contamination rate of the urine sample according to the methods of obtaining samples and collecting specimens in seriously sick children of various age during their intensive treatment.Methods: Urine culture findings in children treated in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Children’s Hospital in Tuzla in period from January 2007 to the end of December 2007 were included in retrospective analysis according to the method of collecting (bag collection, urethral catheterization, clean catch). In all of the three groups the percentage of positive findings and percentage of contaminated specimens as well as sex related distribution was analyzed. The urine sample was obtained from urethral catheter only in patients with indication for urethral catheterization. Kruskal-Wallis test and regression model were used in statistical analysis. Results: A total of 662 children were treated in ICU during the observed period. The urine sample for routine biochemical tests was obtained from all patients. In 107 patients (16.2 %) urine culture examination was indicated. In 48 (44.9%) patients urine sample was obtained by bag collection, in 41 (38.3%) by clean catch, and 18 (16.8%) by urethral catheterization. In 7 patients or 6.5% urine was contaminated. The majority of contaminated specimens were collected by bag (12.5%). In 20 (18.7%) patients urine culture was positive with significant number of etiologic agents and 80 (74.8%) specimens were negative. Difference in results in three monitored groups was statistically significant which was confirmed by Kruskal-Wallis test and stepwise regression model.Conclusion: Obtaining urine sample by bag collection brings the highest risk for contamination.

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