Relevant bibliographies by topics / WAM-model

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'WAM-model'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "WAM-model"

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SOUKISSIAN, T. H., and A. M. PROSPATHOPOULOS. "The Errors-in-Variables approach for the validation of the WAM wave model in the Aegean Sea." Mediterranean Marine Science 7, no. 1 (2006): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.177.

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In previous studies, wave fi elds from the 3rd-generation wave model WAM-Cycle 4 have been validated by using in situ buoy measurements in the Aegean Sea within the framework of the POSEIDON project; however, limitations of the data sets, concerning mainly the short distance of the buoys from the shore and the short length of the data, render those validation studies incomplete. In this work, signifi cant wave height forecasts obtained from WAM-Cycle 4 wave model are validated by means of TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) data in specifi c offshore locations in the central part of the North Aegean Sea. The linear structural relationship between the two data sets has been modelled by implementing the Error- In-Variables approach, assuming that both T/P data and WAM results are subjected to errors. The underestimation of signifi cant wave height from WAM, which has been concluded from the comparison with buoys at near-shore points, is also observed from the WAM-T/P comparison at offshore locations, thus being considered of general validity for the Aegean Sea. In addition, a correction relation for the WAM model results, based on the linear structural relationship, is proposed and applied.
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A. B. Bottcher, B. J. Whiteley, A. I. James, and J. G. Hiscock. "Watershed Assessment Model (WAM): Model Use, Calibration, and Validation." Transactions of the ASABE 55, no. 4 (2012): 1367–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.42248.

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Padilla-Hernández, R., W. Perrie, B. Toulany, and P. C. Smith. "Modeling of Two Northwest Atlantic Storms with Third-Generation Wave Models." Weather and Forecasting 22, no. 6 (2007): 1229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007waf2005104.1.

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Abstract In this study, three state-of-the-art operational forecast wave models are implemented on nested grids in order to achieve fine-resolution wave simulations (0.1°) in the Gulf of Maine and related northwest Atlantic waters. These models are the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model, the Wave Action Model (WAM), and WAVEWATCH-III (hereafter WW3). Model performance is evaluated through comparisons with field measurements. Four composite model systems are compared: WAM and WW3 implemented on three nested domains, SWAN nested within WAM, and SWAN nested within WW3. Storm case studies include two intense midlatitude winter storms from January 2000 and January 2002. Although the models are comparable in terms of their overall performance and skill, it is found that WW3 provides a better statistical fit to the observed wave data compared with the other models, and that SWAN gives slightly better results if nested within WW3, rather than within WAM.
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Group, The Wamdi. "The WAM Model—A Third Generation Ocean Wave Prediction Model." Journal of Physical Oceanography 18, no. 12 (1988): 1775–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1988)018<1775:twmtgo>2.0.co;2.

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Bolaños, R., P. Osuna, J. Wolf, J. Monbaliu, and A. Sanchez-Arcilla. "Development of the POLCOMS–WAM current–wave model." Ocean Modelling 36, no. 1-2 (2011): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.10.004.

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de las Heras, M. M., G. Burgers, and P. A. E. M. Janssen. "Wave data assimilation in the WAM wave model." Journal of Marine Systems 6, no. 1-2 (1995): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-7963(94)00019-8.

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Hasan, Mohammad Kamrul, Shayla Islam, Muhammad Shafiq, et al. "Communication Delay Modeling for Wide Area Measurement System in Smart Grid Internet of Things Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (July 13, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9958003.

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We present communication frameworks, models, and protocols of smart grid Internet of Things (IoT) networks based on the IEEE and IEC standards. The measurement, control, and monitoring of grid being achieved through phasor measurement unit (PMU) based wide area measurement (WAM) framework. The WAM framework applied the IEEE standard C37.118 phasor exchange protocol to collect grid data from various substation devices. The existing frameworks include the IEC 61850 protocol and programmable logic controllers (PLCs) based supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. These protocols have been selected as per the smart grid configuration and communication design. However, the existing frameworks have severe synchronization errors due to the communication delays of IoT networks in the smart grid. Therefore, this article designs the timing mechanism and a delay model to reduce the timing delay and boost real-time measurement, monitoring, and control performance of the smart grid WAM applications. The result shows that the proposed model outperformed the existing WAM system.
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Monakov, A. A., and A. M. Mirolubov. "Compensation of Positioning Errors Caused by Tropospheric Wave Propagation in Wide-Area Multilateration Systems." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 23, no. 6 (2020): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2020-23-6-59-69.

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Introduction. Wide area multilateration (WAM) systems are the main competitors of secondary surveillance radar (SSR) systems used in air traffic control (ATC). The general principle of WAM operation is based on the assessment of pseudoranges between a signal source (an aircraft airborne transponder) and the ground receivers with precisely known geographical coordinates deployed over the ATC area. The aircraft position is estimated by measuring pseudoranges. A significant factor affecting the accuracy of aircraft positioning is tropospheric refraction, a phenomenon caused by the inhomogeneity of the earth's atmosphere and manifested in a deviation in the direction of the rays along which the signal of an aircraft transponder propagates. Refraction increases the lengths of ray paths, thus increasing the corresponding pseudoranges. As a result, the estimate of the aircraft position receives an additional bias. Altitude estimates produce unreasonably large errors.Aim. To develop a mathematical model for the signals received by a WAM system, which accounts for tropospheric wave propagation, as well as to derive an algorithm for aircraft positioning with compensated tropospheric errors.Materials and methods. Equations for the pseudorange estimation errors caused by wave propagation in a spherically stratified atmosphere were derived using the method of geometrical optics.Results. This paper proposed a mathematical model for pseudorange estimates in WAM systems, which accounts for the bias associated with the phenomenon of tropospheric refraction. An analysis of the proposed model showed that pseudorange errors depend linearly on the distance between the aircraft transponder and the receiver. This conclusion allowed an algorithm for aircraft positioning with compensated tropospheric errors to be developed. The proposed algorithm yields an unbiased estimate of the aircraft position. The standard deviation of altitude estimates increases by 60%, although remaining within the limits permissible for WAM systems.Conclusions. The developed mathematical model of WAM signals, which considers tropospheric propagation errors in pseudorange estimation, as well as the algorithm for aircraft positioning with compensated tropospheric errors, can be used in the development of spatially distributed navigation systems.
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Kebe, Ibourahima, Ismaila Diallo, Mouhamadou Bamba Sylla, Fernando De Sales, and Arona Diedhiou. "Late 21st Century Projected Changes in the Relationship between Precipitation, African Easterly Jet, and African Easterly Waves." Atmosphere 11, no. 4 (2020): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040353.

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The present study utilizes three high-resolution simulations from the Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4) to examine the late 21st century changes (2080–2099) in the West African Monsoon (WAM) features. A set of three Earth System Models are utilized to provide initial and lateral boundary conditions to the RegCM4 experiments. Our analysis focuses on seasonal mean changes in WAM large-scale dynamical features, along with their connections with the summer monsoon precipitation. In the historical period, the simulation ensemble means mimic reasonably well the intensity and spatial distribution of the WAM rainfall as well as the WAM circulation patterns at different scales. The future projection of the WAM climate exhibits warming over the whole West Africa leading to precipitation reduction over the Sahel region, and a slight increase over some areas of the Guinea Coast. The position of the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) is shifted southward and the African Easterly Waves (AEWs) activities are reduced, which affect in turn the WAM rainbelt characteristics in terms of position and strength. Overall the changes in simulated AEJ and AEWs contribute substantially to reduce the seasonal summer mean precipitation in West Africa by the late 21st century, with prevailing negative changes in the Savanna-Sahel region. To further explore the robustness of the relationships revealed in this paper, future studies using different high-resolution regional climate models with large ensemble are recommended.
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Castañeda, J. Alberto, Francisco Muñoz-Leiva, and Teodoro Luque. "Web Acceptance Model (WAM): Moderating effects of user experience." Information & Management 44, no. 4 (2007): 384–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2007.02.003.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "WAM-model"

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Berg, Caroline. "Validation of the WAM-model over the Baltic Sea." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9139.

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<p>In order to understand how waves influence the exchange of momentum, latent heat and other parameters, between the ocean surface and the atmosphere, one can use models. A coupling between a wave model and an atmospheric regional climate model, for the Baltic Sea, will be performed at the Meteorology Institute in Uppsala University. The wave model is a state of the art, third generation wave model called WAM.</p><p>The new version of the WAM model (cycle 4) needs to be validated. The aim of this thesis is to perform this validation and also to investigate what meteorological forcing one should use to achieve best results. Two different types of forcing are analyzed, ERA40 reanalysis and the RCA climate model. In order to do this, observations from six different buoys in the Baltic Sea will be compared with the model output from WAM. The parameters that will be compared in this study are significant wave height, direction and peak period.</p><p>A consistent phenomenon for all the buoys is a slightly overestimation by the model of what the rate of this increases with increasing wave height. If one compares the model output when WAM are forced with the RCA climate model and when it is forced with ERA40 reanalysis, the differences between them are notable but not large. ERA40 is slightly better.</p><p>Significant wave height is quite good and gives a reasonably result. Some buoys and periods are better and some are worse. There are some differences for the significant wave height between the east coast and the west coast of Sweden, when forcing the model with RCA. It is slightly better on the west coast. On the contrary, the results from ERA40 are very coherent. The quality of the hindcast for the direction and the peak period, in contrast to the significant wave height, is not that good. The results are not bad, but it only gives a rough picture of the sea state.</p>
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Semedo, Alvaro. "Atmosphere-ocean Interactions in Swell Dominated Wave Fields." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geovetenskapliga sektionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-130650.

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Ocean wind waves represent the atmosphere-ocean boundary, playing a central role in the air-sea exchanging processes. Heat, mass and momentum are transferred across this boundary, with waves mediating the exchange of principally the momentum between the winds and the ocean surface. During the generation process waves are called wind sea. When they leave their generation area or outrun their generating wind they are called swell. The wave field can be said to be dominated either by wind sea or swell. Depending on the wave regime the momentum and energy exchanging processes and the degree of coupling between the waves and the wind is different. During the growing process, waves act as a drag on the surface wind and the momentum flux is directed downward. When swell dominates the wave field a reverse momentum flux mechanism occurs triggered by swell waves traveling considerably faster than the surface winds. The momentum transfer is now directed from the waves to the atmosphere, and takes place because swell waves perform work on the atmosphere as part of their attenuation process. This upward momentum transfer has an impact on the lower atmosphere dynamics, and on the overall turbulence structure of the boundary layer. A detailed qualitative climatology of the global wind sea and swell fields from wave reanalysis data, is presented, revealing a very strong swell dominance of the World Ocean. The areas of larger potential impact of swell on the atmosphere, from a climatological point of view, are also studied. A model that reproduces the swell impact on the lower atmosphere dynamics, conceptually based on the energy transfer from the waves to the atmosphere, is presented – a  new parameterization for the wave-induced stress is also proposed. The model results are compared with field observations. A modeling simulation, using a coupled wave-atmosphere model system, is used to study the impact of swell in a regional climate model, by using different formulations on how to introduce the wave state effect in the modeling system.<br>Gränsen mellan hav och atmosfär beskrivs av vågor, dessa spelar en central roll i utbytesprocesser mellan hav och atmosfär. Värme, massa och rörelsemängd överförs vid ytan och utbytet av rörelsemängd mellan vind och havsyta styrs i stor utsträckning av vågorna. Då vågor skapas kallas de för vinddrivna vågor. När vågorna sedan lämnar området där de genererats eller rör sig fortare än den vind som genererat dem kallas de dyning. Ett vågfält kan sägas vara dominerat av antingen vinddrivna vågor eller dyningsvågor. Beroende på vilken vågregim som råder så är kopplingen mellan vågor och vind olika och därmed också utbytesprocesserna för rörelsemängd och energi. Då vågorna genereras fungerar de som en bromsande kraft för vinden och impulsutbytet är nedåtriktat. När dyning dominerar vågfältet inträffar en mekanism för omvänt impulsutbyte som sätts igång av dyningsvågor som färdas avsevärt snabbare än vinden. Rörelsemängd överförs då från vågorna till atmosfären, eftersom dyningsvågorna utför arbete på atmosfären då de dämpas. Den uppåtriktade transporten av rörelsemängd har en stor effekt på dynamiken och turbulensstrukturen i lägre delen av atmosfären. En detaljerad kvalitativ klimatologi av globala vågfält (vinddrivna och dyning) från återanalysdata presenteras och visar att dyning dominerar vågfältet på världshaven. Områden där man kan förvänta sig störst effekt av dyning på atmosfären har identifierats. En konceptuellt baserad modell som reproducerar effekten av dyning på dynamiken i lägre delen av atmosfären presenteras. Modellen styrs av överföring av energi från vågor till atmosfären. I modellen föreslås även en ny parameterisering för våginducerad kraft på havsytan. Modellresultaten är utvärderade mot fältmätningar. En regional klimatmodell, med ett kopplat våg-atmosfärssystem, har använts för att studera den långtida effekten av dyning vid klimatsimulering. Olika formuleringar för beskrivningen av vågornas effekt på atmosfären har använts, beroende på om vinddrivna vågor eller dyning dominerar vågfältet.
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Hwang, Hwa-Shing, and 黃華興. "Temporal and Spatial Variations of East Asian Wave Field - hindcasted from 1986 to 1995 with WAM Wave Model." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05985700977317071780.

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Books on the topic "WAM-model"

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Traynor, Janice. WAM watershed assessment model: Final project report. Alberta Environmental Protection, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "WAM-model"

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Yang, Le, and Yongsun Choi. "A Flexible Access Control Model for Dynamic Workflow Using Extended WAM and RBAC." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92719-8_44.

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Sugano, S., J. Nakagawa, Y. Tanaka, and I. Kato. "Keyboard Playing by an Anthropomorphic Robot: Fingers and Arm Model and its Control System of WAM-7R." In Theory and Practice of Robots and Manipulators. Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9882-4_17.

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Dajuma, Alima, Siélé Silué, Kehinde O. Ogunjobi, et al. "Biomass Burning Effects on the Climate over Southern West Africa During the Summer Monsoon." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_86.

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AbstractBiomass Burning (BB) aerosol has attracted considerable attention due to its detrimental effects on climate through its radiative properties. In Africa, fire patterns are anticorrelated with the southward-northward movement of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Each year between June and September, BB occurs in the southern hemisphere of Africa, and aerosols are carried westward by the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) and advected at an altitude of between 2 and 4 km. Observations made during a field campaign of Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) (Knippertz et al., Bull Am Meteorol Soc 96:1451–1460, 2015) during the West African Monsoon (WAM) of June–July 2016 have revealed large quantities of BB aerosols in the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) over southern West Africa (SWA).This chapter examines the effects of the long-range transport of BB aerosols on the climate over SWA by means of a modeling study, and proposes several adaptation and mitigation strategies for policy makers regarding this phenomenon. A high-resolution regional climate model, known as the Consortium for Small-scale Modelling – Aerosols and Reactive Traces (COSMO-ART) gases, was used to conduct two set of experiments, with and without BB emissions, to quantify their impacts on the SWA atmosphere. Results revealed a reduction in surface shortwave (SW) radiation of up to about 6.5 W m−2 and an 11% increase of Cloud Droplets Number Concentration (CDNC) over the SWA domain. Also, an increase of 12.45% in Particulate Matter (PM25) surface concentration was observed in Abidjan (9.75 μg m−3), Accra (10.7 μg m−3), Cotonou (10.7 μg m−3), and Lagos (8 μg m−3), while the carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratio increased by 90 ppb in Abidjan and Accra due to BB. Moreover, BB aerosols were found to contribute to a 70% increase of organic carbon (OC) below 1 km in the PBL, followed by black carbon (BC) with 24.5%. This work highlights the contribution of the long-range transport of BB pollutants to pollution levels in SWA and their effects on the climate. It focuses on a case study of 3 days (5–7 July 2016). However, more research on a longer time period is necessary to inform decision making properly.This study emphasizes the need to implement a long-term air quality monitoring system in SWA as a method of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
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Conference papers on the topic "WAM-model"

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"Watershed Assessment Model (WAM): Florida Applications." In 21st Century Watershed Technology Conference and Workshop Improving Water Quality and the Environment. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/wtcw.2014-006.

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Bolanos, Rodolfo, Judith Wolf, Jennifer Brown, Pedro Osuna, Jaak Monbaliu, and Agustin Sanchez-Arcilla. "COMPARISON OF WAVE-CURRENT INTERACTION FORMULATION USING THE POLCOMS-WAM WAVE-CURRENT MODEL." In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814277426_0044.

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Violante-Carvalho, Nelson, and Ian S. Robinson. "On the Performance of the MPI Algorithm for the Retrieval of Significant Wave Height From ERS Synthetic Aperture Radar." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37070.

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Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is to date the only source of two dimensional directional wave spectra with continuous and global coverage when operated in the so-called SAR Wave Mode (SWM). Since the launch in 1991 of the first European Remote Sensing Satellite ERS-1 and more recently with ENVISAT millions of SWM imagettes containing detailed spectral information are now available in quasi-real time. This huge amount of directional wave data has opened up many exciting possibilities for the improvement of our knowledge of the dynamics of ocean waves. However the retrieval of wave spectra from SAR images is not a trivial exercise due to the nonlinearities involved in the mapping mechanism. The Max-Planck Institut (MPI) scheme was the first ever proposed and most widely used algorithm to retrieve directional wave spectra from SAR images. In this work significant wave height retrieved from SAR images using the MPI scheme are compared against one year of directional buoy measurements obtained in deep water and against WAM spectra. Our results show that for periods shorter than 12 seconds the WAM model performs better than the MPI method, even considering the fact that the model is used as first guess to the MPI scheme. However, for periods longer than 12 seconds (the part of the spectrum directly observed by SAR) the MPI method performs better than WAM. This is in contrast with the results obtained by Voorrips et al. (2001), who found that the performance of the WAM model is superior even when only the low wavenumber part of the spectrum is considered.
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Li, Xiao-Ming, Thomas Koenig, Susanne Lehne, and Johannes Schulz-Stellenfleth. "Measurement of extreme wave height by ERS-2 SAR and numerical wave model (WAM)." In 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4422943.

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Bento, A. Rute, Marta Gonçalves, Ricardo Campos, and C. Guedes Soares. "Comparison Between Two Forecast Systems Implemented With WAM and WaveWatch 3 for the North Atlantic." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54464.

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The performance of two operational forecasting systems implemented for the North Atlantic area is compared. One forecast system runs the WAM model and the other using the WaveWatchIII model, both driven by GFS wind fields and with the same resolutions for time and space. The GFS wind fields used to drive the models have a spatial resolution of 0.5° by 0.5° and a time resolution of 3h. Regarding the geographical grids implemented, they cover the North Atlantic from the longitude of 90° West to 33° East and from the latitude of 80° North to 2° South, with a fine grid resolution of 0.5 by 0.5 degrees. The wave spectrum is discretized using 30 frequencies, being the lowest frequency equal to 0.0418 Hz, and 36 directions. A 4-days warm up was implemented and a 4-days forecast was calculated. In general both models performed well, as forecasting systems, presenting the same behavior and magnitude of values, when compared to the in-situ measurements.
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Cortesa˜o, Rui, Brian Zenowich, Rui Arau´jo, and William Townsend. "Robotic Comanipulation With Active Impedance Control." In ASME-AFM 2009 World Conference on Innovative Virtual Reality. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/winvr2009-724.

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The paper presents active impedance control for robotic comanipulation tasks, enabling virtual contact interactions. Computed torque control in the task space powered by multiple-output active observers (AOBs) is proposed, enhancing haptic perception. Forces and force derivatives are artificially measured from position data around an equilibrium point that can move with time. Control techniques to deal with critical impedances are introduced, taking into account the noise distribution along the system. Stochastic design is discussed. A dynamic model of the redundant lightweight 7-DOF WAM™ arm is derived and evaluated, playing a key role in the control design. Experiments for small and high impedances are presented, highlighting merits and limitations of the approach. A comparative study between active and non-active impedance control is made.
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Rasheed, Adil, Jakob Kristoffer Süld, and Mandar Tabib. "Effect of Uni- and Bi-Directional Coupling of Ocean-Met Interaction on Significant Wave Height and Local Wind." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61681.

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Accurate prediction of near surface wind and wave height are important for many offshore activities like fishing, boating, surfing, installation and maintenance of marine structures. The current work investigates the use of different methodologies to make accurate predictions of significant wave height and local wind. The methodology consists of coupling an atmospheric code HARMONIE and a wave model WAM. Two different kinds of coupling methodologies: unidirectional and bidirectional coupling are tested. While in Unidirectional coupling only the effects of atmosphere on ocean surface are taken into account, in bidirectional coupling the effects of ocean surface on the atmosphere are also accounted for. The predicted values of wave height and local wind at 10m above the ocean surface using both the methodologies are compared against observation data. The results show that during windy conditions, a bidirectional coupling methodology has better prediction capability.
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Sterl, Andreas, and Sofia Caires. "Climatology, Variability and Extrema of Ocean Waves: The Web-Based KNMI/ERA-40 Wave Atlas." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92568.

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The European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has recently finished ERA-40, a reanalysis covering the period September 1957 to August 2002. One of the products of ERA-40 consists of 6-hourly global fields of wave parameters like significant wave height and wave period. These data have been generated with the Centre’s WAM wave model. From these results the authors have derived climatologies of important wave parameters, including significant wave height, mean wave period, and extreme significant wave heights. Particular emphasis is on the variability of these parameters, both in space and time. Besides for scientists studying climate change, these results are also important for engineers who have to design maritime constructions. This paper describes the ERA-40 data and gives an overview of the results derived. The results are available on a global 1.5° × 1.5° grid. They are accessible from the web-based KNMI/ERA-40 Wave Atlas at http://www.knmi.nl/waveatlas.
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Soukissian, Takvor, Ioannis Morfis, and Alexakis Stylianos. "An Integrated Wave Monitoring Network for the Hellenic Seas." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-58030.

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In this paper, an integrated wave monitoring network for the Hellenic Seas is presented and its components are described. The network is comprised from wave buoys and nautical X-band radars covering most of the important areas of the Hellenic seas as regards complicated wave propagation patterns. The buoy wave monitoring network is part of the POSEIDON system for the monitoring, information and forecasting of the state of the Hellenic Seas. The X-band wave radar network is under development within the context of the OKEANOS project in co-operation with the Hellenic Navy Hydrographic Service. The measuring techniques and principles of both types of devices (buoys and X-band radars) are also described. The wave measurements from the network are mainly used for improving the operational wave forecasts provided by the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), for individual planning purposes and in the design and construction of coastal and offshore structures. Two experimental coastal sites have been selected for comparing the radar wave data with data from directional wave buoys and the WAM wave model.
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Bitner-Gregersen, Elzbieta M., and Odin Gramstad. "Potential Changes in the Joint Probabilistic Description of the North Atlantic Wave Climate." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77592.

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Climate changes include natural climate variability and anthropogenic climate change. The latter is leading to global warming and causes changes in metocean conditions. For most marine structures waves represent the dominant environmental load. Therefore, projections of changes of wave characteristics in the 21st century are crucial with respect to design and marine operations. The study investigates potential changes in simultaneous occurrence of significant wave height and spectral wave period in twelve North Atlantic locations by comparing the past and future wave climate. Two IPCC emission scenarios, with radiative forcing of 4.5 and 8.5 W/m2 by the end of the 21st century, have been selected to project future wave conditions. The third generation (3G) wave model WAM with a resolution of 50 km is used to simulate waves. The model has been forced with winds obtained from six CMIP5 climate models for the historical period 1971–2000 and the future period 2071–2100 for the two emissions scenarios. Wave climate projections obtained from one climate model and one ensemble member are presented herein to indicate potential changes in extreme wave characteristics derived from the long-term joint probabilistic model of significant wave height and spectral wave period. Deviations between the past and future wave climate are shown, given attention to the shape of the joint distribution and wave steepness. Uncertainties associated with the presented results are discussed.
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Reports on the topic "WAM-model"

1

Chapman, Ray, Phu Luong, Sung-Chan Kim, and Earl Hayter. Development of three-dimensional wetting and drying algorithm for the Geophysical Scale Transport Multi-Block Hydrodynamic Sediment and Water Quality Transport Modeling System (GSMB). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41085.

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The Environmental Laboratory (EL) and the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) have jointly completed a number of large-scale hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport studies. EL and CHL have successfully executed these studies utilizing the Geophysical Scale Transport Modeling System (GSMB). The model framework of GSMB is composed of multiple process models as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows that the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) accepted wave, hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport models are directly and indirectly linked within the GSMB framework. The components of GSMB are the two-dimensional (2D) deep-water wave action model (WAM) (Komen et al. 1994, Jensen et al. 2012), data from meteorological model (MET) (e.g., Saha et al. 2010 - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/2010BAMS3001.1), shallow water wave models (STWAVE) (Smith et al. 1999), Coastal Modeling System wave (CMS-WAVE) (Lin et al. 2008), the large-scale, unstructured two-dimensional Advanced Circulation (2D ADCIRC) hydrodynamic model (http://www.adcirc.org), and the regional scale models, Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three dimensions-Multi-Block (CH3D-MB) (Luong and Chapman 2009), which is the multi-block (MB) version of Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three-dimensions-Waterways Experiments Station (CH3D-WES) (Chapman et al. 1996, Chapman et al. 2009), MB CH3D-SEDZLJ sediment transport model (Hayter et al. 2012), and CE-QUAL Management - ICM water quality model (Bunch et al. 2003, Cerco and Cole 1994). Task 1 of the DOER project, “Modeling Transport in Wetting/Drying and Vegetated Regions,” is to implement and test three-dimensional (3D) wetting and drying (W/D) within GSMB. This technical note describes the methods and results of Task 1. The original W/D routines were restricted to a single vertical layer or depth-averaged simulations. In order to retain the required 3D or multi-layer capability of MB-CH3D, a multi-block version with variable block layers was developed (Chapman and Luong 2009). This approach requires a combination of grid decomposition, MB, and Message Passing Interface (MPI) communication (Snir et al. 1998). The MB single layer W/D has demonstrated itself as an effective tool in hyper-tide environments, such as Cook Inlet, Alaska (Hayter et al. 2012). The code modifications, implementation, and testing of a fully 3D W/D are described in the following sections of this technical note.
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