Academic literature on the topic 'War and society – Scotland'
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Journal articles on the topic "War and society – Scotland"
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Tierney, Darren. "Catholics and Great War Memorialisation in Scotland." Journal of Scottish Historical Studies 37, no. 1 (May 2017): 19–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jshs.2017.0201.
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This article explores the largely ignored phenomenon of Catholic memorialisation of the Great War in Scotland. Running parallel to the wider process of memorialisation that took place across Scotland both during and after the war, it argues that Catholics used the signs and symbols familiar to their religion to not only remember their dead but also to highlight the disproportionate contribution their community had made to the war effort. In doing so, Catholics sought to demonstrate that they were very much a part of Scottish and wider British society and not, as often argued, locked in a ‘ghetto’, unwilling to engage with wider society. Catholics, indeed, saw themselves as the ‘defenders’ of the nation fighting for the ‘highest ideals of justice and freedom’. To be Catholic was, indeed, to be proudly and loyally Scottish and British, loyal to pope and church as well as to king and country.
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Brown, Stewart J. "‘A Victory for God’: The Scottish Presbyterian Churches and the General Strike of 1926." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 42, no. 4 (October 1991): 596–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900000531.
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During the final months of the First World War, the General Assemblies of the two major Presbyterian Churches in Scotland - the established Church of Scotland and the voluntary United Free Church - committed themselves to work for the thorough re- construction of Scottish society. Church leaders promised to work for a new Christian commonwealth, ending the social divisions and class hatred that had plagued pre-war Scottish industrial society. Bound together through the shared sacrifice of the war, the Scottish people would be brought back to the social teachings of Christianity and strive together to realise the Kingdom of God. The Churches would end their deference to the laws of nineteenth-century political economy, with their emphasis on individualism, self-interest and competition, and embrace new impera- tives of collective responsibility and co-operation. Along with the healing of social divisions, church leaders also pledged to end the ecclesiastical divisions in Scottish Presbyterianism. The final months of the war brought a revival of the pre-war movement to unite the Church of Scotland and the United Free Church into a single National Church, and Scottish ecclesiastical leaders held forth to a weary nation the vision of a united National Church leading a covenanted Christian commonwealth in pursuit of social justice and harmony.
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Roxburgh, Kenneth Boyle Emery. "The Impact of the Great War on Scottish Christianity." Religions 13, no. 6 (May 31, 2022): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13060499.
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This paper explores the impact of the Great War (1914–1918) on Christianity in Scotland. This includes the attitudes of various denominations to the war, the rise and fall of religious attendance, and the impact of the war on Sabbatarianism, Sunday schools, church attendance, theology, and social and moral issues in Scottish society.
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Donaldson, Anni. "Working patriarchies? Police and criminal justice responses to domestic abuse in Scotland 1960–1990." Kriminologijos studijos 9 (June 14, 2022): 47–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/crimlithuan.2021.9.2.
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Post-war Scotland remained a deeply patriarchal country. Domestic abuse was common yet widely under-reported by the women it affected. This article argues that police and criminal justice agencies in Scotland 1960–1990 were ‘working patriarchies’ which created significant barriers to reporting. Oral history narratives from domestic abuse survivors, police and criminal justice professionals reveal deeply patriarchal workplaces and practices designed to maintain longstanding traditions of the patriarchal family. These inhibited reporting, denied women access to safety and justice in private life and contributed to women’s continuing inequality in post-war Scottish society.
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Novotny, Jennifer. "To 'take their place among the productive members of society': Vocational rehabilitation of WWI wounded at Erskine." Wellcome Open Research 2 (January 17, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.10581.1.
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In 1916, the foundation of the Princess Louise Scottish Hospital for Limbless Sailors and Soldiers (still in existence today as Erskine), on the banks of the River Clyde in Scotland, was a direct response to the need for specialised medical facilities to deal with the unprecedented number of injured service personnel returning from the Great War. At the hospital, the West of Scotland medical and industrial communities came together to mend broken bodies with prosthetic technology, as well as physical and mental rehabilitation to prepare the limbless to re-enter the job market. This paper explores the establishment of manual therapy workshops at Erskine and how such programmes of vocational rehabilitation were culturally informed by the concerns and anxieties of both the military and civilian populations of the First World War-era.
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Ralston, Ian, Jim Mearns, and Kenneth Brophy. "Archaeology in Scotland after the Second World War: The Glasgow Archaeological Society and John M Davidson." Scottish Archaeological Journal 46, no. 1 (March 2024): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/saj.2024.0201.
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The organisation and co-ordination of local and national archaeological societies in the United Kingdom has been a matter of discussion since the late 19th Century. These efforts resulted in an initially purely English and Welsh grouping – the Congress of Archaeological Societies – formed in July 1889. Glasgow Archaeological Society was the first, and perhaps the only, Scottish Society to join in 1922. In the middle of the Second World War discussion around how archaeological work could best be structured after the War was started and this time the coverage was UK wide involving both Glasgow Archaeological Society and the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. It led to the end of the Congress and the formation of the Council for British Archaeology and its various sections. This article reports on the nature of Scottish involvement in this work, rediscovering the key role of Glasgow Archaeological Society and its then President, John M Davidson, OBE, FCIS, FSA Scot.
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Walker, Graham. "The Orange Order in Scotland Between the Wars." International Review of Social History 37, no. 2 (August 1992): 177–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000111125.
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SummaryThis paper focuses on the theme of religious conflict within the working class in inter-war Scotland. It pays particular attention to the Protestant working class of the industrial lowlands and to the role of the exclusively Protestant secret society of Irish origin, the Orange Order. It attempts to explain why the inter-war period saw an upsurge in membership of sectarian organisations like the Orange Order and their activities; and at the same time was notable for a broadening of Labour Party support among the working class which transcended religious divisions. It argues that sectarian and class loyalties often went together and in some ways reinforced each other. The Orange Order leadership's Conservative politics is stressed but it is contended that the Order's appeal to the working class was to a large extent based on issues such as education and mixed marriages and perceived Irish Catholic immigration, issues which did not break down neatly into party political terms. It is argued that the Orange Order's social role was of great significance in this period of economic austerity and mass unemployment.
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Mackenzie, Angus. "‘Public-spirited men’: Economic Unionist Nationalism in Inter-War Scotland." Scottish Historical Review 96, no. 1 (April 2017): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2017.0315.
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The prolonged economic slump which overshadowed much of the inter-war period encouraged a small number of Clydeside industrialists to intervene with bold plans to restructure and revive the Scottish economy. Key figures like Sir James Lithgow and Lord Weir exploited their business, banking and political connections, in Scotland and in London, to produce a uniquely Scottish response to the inter-war crisis. Championing the existing Union and imperial relationships, they nevertheless articulated a new sense of Scottish exceptionalism. Convinced that any revival in trade was dependent on rationalisation of the heavy industries and an ambitious programme of diversification, Lithgow, Weir and their associates promoted distinctive Scottish solutions. Building on the work of Graeme Morton, the article suggests that what emerged was an economic Unionist Nationalism which built alliances between business and civic Scotland to secure Scottish interests while acknowledging the primacy of Union. The mechanism used to achieve their aims was based upon the associational culture of Scottish business, ‘self-help’ voluntary bodies which carefully steered an independent path, avoiding, where possible, direct state involvement. Yet the depth and persistence of the global depression, and the urgency of the task at hand in Scotland itself, encouraged the business community to moderate its hostility to interventionism and economic planning and engage with new partners. The founding of the Scottish National Development Council in the early 1930s, bringing business and civil society together to help foster economic revival, was a crucial staging post on the journey towards corporatism. Motivated by a mix of public-spiritedness and self-interest, there was, however, a strong defensive element to their actions as the essentially conservative industrialists sought to ward off social, political and economic threats from within Scotland. Their willingness to step forward suggests a traditional sense of patrician responsibility, but there was also an acute awareness of the need to adapt; a progressive quality missing from other actors.
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Emslie-Smith, D. "Great Doctors and Medical Worthies." Scottish Medical Journal 33, no. 3 (June 1988): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693308803300315.
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After Harvey's visits to Scotland with Charles I the formation of a united Caroline University in Aberdeen was thwarted by the Civil War. In Oxford Harvey instituted a group of medical scientists, forerunners of the Royal Society, who almost explained the physiology of respiration. Harvey had several things in common with Dr Samuel Johnson. Johnson's medical knowledge and contacts are emphasised, examples of 17th and 18th century health regimens are given and Johnson's friendship with Scottish medical men and some others connected with the Royal College of Physicians and the Harveian Society of Edinburgh are described.
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Catháin, Máirtin Ó. "‘No longer clad in corduroy’? The Glasgow University Irish National Club, 1907–1917." Scottish Historical Review 99, no. 2 (October 2020): 271–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2020.0464.
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Unique among university clubs in Britain, the Glasgow University Irish National Club emerged before the first world war among mainly second generation, Scots-born Irish students to assist in the campaign for Irish home rule. It was a useful adjunct to the home rule movement and helped the Irish and mainly catholic students at the university carve out a niche for themselves firstly within the institution and thereafter in wider society. This reflected a growing Irish catholic middle class desirous of playing a greater role in Scottish public life during a time of great transition for the Irish in Scotland.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "War and society – Scotland"
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Carney, Don. "The analysis, presentation and sustainability of a past Northeast of Scotland "way of life" through video capture." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2601.
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The research upon which the outputs submitted as part of this thesis are based examines the socio-cultural environment of the Northeast of Scotland, from Aberdeen to Cabrach and from Portsoy to Laurencekirk. In total, five hundred and twenty hours of research data were collected as part of a project that began in 1987. This thesis investigates and visualises aspects of cultural identity representing the historical lifestyles of the "ordinary people" within rural Aberdeenshire circa 1890s-1950s. A unique feature of this research is the use of video as a tool for data gathering and presentation. The key themes are direct observations of the "ordinary people" and the author's rural ancestors. The use of the visual dynamic and the Doric dialect capture the ordinary person's testimony what a "past way of life" was like within Aberdeenshire. The research was initiated as a response to the author's cultural pride in his ancestors. It was not initially envisaged as a formal piece of academic research; the author conducted the research from a simplistic "desire to know". However, through reflective analysis of the research it can clearly demonstrate a rigorous research methodology, which has been replicated within the thesis. The procedures and methods engage with ordinary people in the real world, and help visualise and communicate material heritage. Through the identification of suitable topics, respondent selection, data capture, data analysis, critical review, post-production, archive management and research funding, aspects of the past are sustained. This new data has the potential to be future-proof and is unique in its content. The six topic videos, refereed conference papers, television features, and press articles have captured and sustained irreplaceable data. The research output has been utilised and subjected to critical peer review by diverse user groups locally, nationally and internationally. The work has credible and diverse endorsements and has also been accepted as authentic by the host community, going a long way to developing greater cultural pride. It captures a lost cultural identity in an innovative manner and presents output in a way which is both significant to user groups and also capable of furthering greater knowledge and understanding. This practitioner-based research has the potential to enhance future developments within the field of study through the embracing of modern visual technology in its widest sense.
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Harris, Eleanor M. "The Episcopal congregation of Charlotte Chapel, Edinburgh, 1794-1818." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/19991.
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This thesis reassesses the nature and importance of the Scottish Episcopal Church in Edinburgh and more widely. Based on a microstudy of one chapel community over a twenty-four year period, it addresses a series of questions of religion, identity, gender, culture and civic society in late Enlightenment Edinburgh, Scotland, and Britain, combining ecclesiastical, social and economic history. The study examines the congregation of Charlotte Episcopal Chapel, Rose Street, Edinburgh, from its foundation by English clergyman Daniel Sandford in 1794 to its move to the new Gothic chapel of St John's in 1818. Initially an independent chapel, Daniel Sandford's congregation joined the Scottish Episcopal Church in 1805 and the following year he was made Bishop of Edinburgh, although he contined to combine this role with that of rector to the chapel until his death in 1830. Methodologically, the thesis combines a detailed reassessment of Daniel Sandford's thought and ministry (Chapter Two) with a prosopographical study of 431 individuals connected with the congregation as officials or in the in the chapel registers (Chapter Three). Biography of the leader and prosopography of the community are brought to illuminate and enrich one another to understand the wealth and business networks of the congregation (Chapter Four) and their attitudes to politics, piety and gender (Chapter Five). The thesis argues that Daniel Sandford's Evangelical Episcopalianism was both original in Scotland, and one of the most successful in appealing to educated and influential members of Edinburgh society. The congregation, drawn largely from the newly-built West End of Edinburgh, were bourgeois and British in their composition. The core membership of privileged Scots, rooted in land and law, led, but were also challenged by and forced to adapt to a broad social spread who brought new wealth and influence into the West End through India and the consumer boom. The discussion opens up many avenues for further research including the connections between Scottish Episcopalianism and romanticism, the importance of India and social mobility within the consumer economy in the development of Edinburgh, and Scottish female intellectual culture and its engagement with religion and enlightenment. Understanding the role of enlightened, evangelical Episcopalianism, which is the contribution of this study, will form an important context for these enquiries.
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Goodare, Julian Mark. "Parliament and society in Scotland, 1560-1603." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329917.
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Johnson, Alfred Isaac. "Civility and Godly Society: Scotland 1550-1672." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18065.
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This thesis aims to answer the following question – What was the significance of civility in a Calvinist ‘godly society’? Historians have identified a growing concern with civil behaviour as one of the defining characteristics of early modern Europe. Works on religion and civility have mainly claimed that Protestant religious leaders endorsed civility uncritically. In Scotland, however, where Calvinism governed church and kingdom, the ideas of godliness and godly society dominated the concerns of parliament and the kirk sessions (church discipline) when they discussed the government of social behaviour. Civility held some place in the thinking of James VI and in some kirk session records from the 1640s. Nevertheless, it mattered less than ‘godly society’ and concerns over unchristian behaviour. Moreover, the clergy, in particular, had a somewhat sceptical view of the motivations people had for displaying civil behaviour.
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Faugstad, Jesse A. "Ike's Last War: Making War Safe for Society." Chapman University Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/war_and_society_theses/5.
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This thesis analyzes how Eisenhower defined war and its utility in his New Look defense policy and the ramifications for America’s interactions with the world through its foreign policy. It argues that Eisenhower redefined the relationship between war and society as he executed his grand strategy, further removing society from the decision for war. To avoid what he believed to be the inevitable global destruction of a general war turned nuclear, Eisenhower broadened the scope of ‘war” to balance domestic opinion for containing communism while also avoiding the devastating consequences of war in American society. By authorizing coups in Iran and Guatemala, Eisenhower blurred the line between coercive diplomacy and violent political warfare. President Eisenhower’s reliance on covert action to achieve political outcomes prevented general or nuclear war but it strengthened an emerging model for society’s relationship with war. Political warfare and covert action increased the gap between society and the commitment of American power during the Cold War. In his effort to prevent war, Eisenhower expanded presidential power and set a precedent that continues today.
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Gledhill, Jonathan. "Political society in South-East Scotland 1094-1434." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517874.
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Taylor, David Vaughan. "A society in transition : Badenoch 1750-1800." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2015. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/a-society-in-transition(7a69845d-9d22-4512-b273-9f98076c5090).html.
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This thesis explores how social and economic change within the the distinctive region of Badenoch compares with similar developments in other parts of the Highlands. It demonstrates that the Highlands were not an isolated periphery by placing localised issues not just within the wider dimension of the British state and empire, but also within the ideological framework that shaped and influenced contemporary thought. Society in Badenoch was divided into three clearly demarcated but inter-woven ranks: the aristocratic Dukes of Gordon, the gentry and the peasantry. The peasant economy operated at subsistence level, primarily pastoral and heavily dependent on a complex system of transhumance. But there was also a thriving cattle-based commercial economy driven by the indigenous tacksmen, who further demonstrated their entrepreneurship through diversification into agricultural improvement, sheep, textiles and timber. The conflicting demands for land, particularly the hill grazings, inevitably created tensions between the social ranks. The Badenoch economy suffered badly from climatic problems and fluctuating market prices, with two major famines occurring before the end of the century. These apart, however, the economy, and the lives of the entire community, experienced gradual improvement, not just through increasing commercialism, but also through the government's military requirements for its imperial and European wars – a massive economic boost across the social spectrum. Change inevitably caused friction between the social classes over issues like rising rents, the appropriation of land (particularly for sheep) and clearances, which, along with the pressures of commercialism and government policy, had almost completely destroyed traditional clan society by 1800. The tacksman class, however, remained dominant despite the challenge to their traditional authority from both the Dukes of Gordon and the increasingly assertive commonalty.
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Moore, John Ingram. "The war on the open society /." Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=66967.
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Tange, Hanne. "Writing the nation : four inter-war visions of Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5189/.
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This thesis examines the visions of Scotland that come across in the inter-war writings of Hugh MacDiarmid, Neil Gunn, Lewis Grassic Gibbon and Edwin Muir in relation to the ideas of the Scottish Literary Renaissance as a whole. The initial part, "Into the Renaissance", consists of a historical account of Scottish political and cultural nationalism in the 1920s and 1930s, followed by an examination of the ways in which the authors associated with the Scottish Renaissance participated in the construction of Scotland as an imagined community. Geography, history, religion, language and literature are identified as the five predominant themes in the inter-war tradition, on the basis of which the intellectuals created an image of the nation that could express their twin philosophies of nationalism and modernism. The second part, "Four visions of Scotland", is composed of close readings to the work of High MacDiarmid, Neil Gunn, Lewis Grassic Gibbon and Edwin Muir in that order of appearance. The MacDiarmid chapter begins with a discussion of the poet's call for a Scottish Renaissance in the 1920s and 1930s. It is argued that MacDiarmid set out with a strong belief in his own ability to awaken the nation, but that he became increasingly disappointed with the Scot's lack of response to his programme towards the end of the 1920s. This disillusionment resulted in a change of strategy in the 1930s when, on the one hand, he exchanged the politics of the National Party for his personal ideology of Scottish Republicanism, while, on the other, he abandoned previous attempts to reform the Scottish nation favour of an idealised vision that was more compatible with his poetic aims.
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Peters, Lorraine. "Scotland and the American Civil War : a local perspective." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22553.
Full textBooks on the topic "War and society – Scotland"
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M, Macdonald Catriona M., and McFarland E. W, eds. Scotland and the Great War. East Lothian, Scotland: Tuckwell Press, 1999.
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Nimmo, Ian. Scotland at war. Runcorn: Archive Publications in association with The Scotsman Publications, 1989.
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Brown, Alice, David McCrone, and Lindsay Paterson. Politics and Society in Scotland. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14960-5.
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David, McCrone, and Paterson Lindsay, eds. Politics and society in Scotland. 2nd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press, 1998.
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M, Devine T., Mitchison Rosalind, and Economic and Social History Society of Scotland., eds. People and society in Scotland. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers in association with the Economic and Social History Society of Scotland, 1988.
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M, Devine T., ed. People and society in Scotland. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers, in association with the Economic and Social History Society of Scotland, 1988.
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Brown, Alice. Politics and society in Scotland. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.
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David, McCrone, and Paterson Lindsay, eds. Politics and society in Scotland. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press, 1996.
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1941-, Fraser W. Hamish, Morris R. J. 1943-, and Economic and Social History Society of Scotland., eds. People and society in Scotland. Edinburgh: John Donald in association with The Economic and Social History Society of Scotland, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "War and society – Scotland"
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Leith, Murray Stewart, and Duncan Sim. "Scotland." In The Routledge Handbook of British Politics and Society, 228–43. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge international handbooks: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315559247-16.
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Christie, Donald. "Primary Education in Scotland." In Children in Society, 151–59. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-24714-8_16.
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Fradenburg, Louise O. "Scotland: Culture and Society." In A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages, 521–40. Malden, MA, USA: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470998786.ch26.
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Mayhew, Nicholas J. "Scotland: Economy and Society." In A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages, 107–24. Malden, MA, USA: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470998786.ch6.
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Bingham, Madeleine. "The Organization of Society." In Scotland under Mary Stuart, 29–48. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003206095-2.
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Meek, Jeffrey. "Wolfenden and Scotland." In Queer Voices in Post-War Scotland, 39–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137444110_3.
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Brown, Alice, David McCrone, and Lindsay Paterson. "Policy-Making in Scotland." In Politics and Society in Scotland, 97–123. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14960-5_5.
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Brown, Alice, David McCrone, and Lindsay Paterson. "Party Politics in Scotland." In Politics and Society in Scotland, 124–50. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14960-5_6.
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"7 ‘Scotland’s Fighting Fields’: The Transformation of Rural Scotland." In Scottish Society in the Second World War, 225–55. Edinburgh University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781399522557-013.
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"4 ‘We Here in Scotland Can Also Take It’: Morale in Scotland, 1939–45." In Scottish Society in the Second World War, 125–59. Edinburgh University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781399522557-010.
Full textConference papers on the topic "War and society – Scotland"
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Rossi Rognoni, Gabriele, Marie Martens, Arnold Myers, and Jen Schnitker. "CIMCIM Call for Papers ‘Global Crises and Music Museums: Representing Music after the Pandemic’." In Global Crises and Music Museums: Representing Music after the Pandemic, edited by Mimi Waitzman and Esteban Mariño. CIMCIM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46477/seca7941.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has arguably caused the biggest disruption to the museum and heritage sector since the Second World War. All over the world, museums have had to close, some never to reopen, and many have had to suspend their operations for prolonged periods. However, the disruption has also invited – sometimes forced – substantial changes in the way museums perceive themselves and their interactions with their audiences. This has included an increased focus on digital offers, a reconsideration of the human relationships with external as well as internal stakeholders, new ways to guarantee the preservation, documentation and availability of collections and revised financial and sustainability planning. Some of these changes will be transitory, while others are likely to leave permanent footprints on the identity of museums and the way they operate even after the emergency has passed. This conference will highlight and discuss some of the initiatives and innovations that emerged from the past year, with particular attention to curatorship, conservation, learning and participation, and documentation and research. Critical perspectives, as well as case studies are invited to focus on the long-term impact of the pandemic and on the way the identity of music museums, their value and relevance to society and research, and their ways of operating internally and externally may have been transformed. CIMCIM 2021 Conference Organising Committee Gabriele Rossi Rognoni (Royal College of Music, London, UK) Mimi Waitzman (Horniman Museum and Gardens, London, UK) Marie Martens (The Danish Music Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark) Arnold Myers (University of Edinburgh and Royal Conservatoire of Scotland, Glasgow, UK) Jen Schnitker (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA)
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Savin, Cristina, Florica Moldoveanu, and Alin Moldoveanu. "SIMULATION AND VISUALIZATION TOOL TO EXPLORE THE IMPACTS OF COMPLEX AND CROSS-RELATED ENVIRONMENT CHANGES." In eLSE 2015. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-15-083.
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The current trend concerning global climate conditions is one of change and is negatively affecting all major sectors of society and environment at all levels, from the national to the local and continental. As a consequence of the strong impact that climate change has on future society, the need of an e-learning tool to raise awareness on the effects of these changes appears more than necessary. The solution presented in this paper (CLIMSAVE IAP - Integrated Assessment Platform) is a user friendly interactive web-based tool intended for free use that simulates an extensive range of impact indicators at European and local scale (Scotland) based on a series of interactive climatic and socio-economic scenarios. The simulated impact indicators cover a wide range of sectors: agriculture, biodiversity, coasts, forests, water and urban and are displayed as a geospatial map that allows users to evaluate and understand the climate impacts. The tool is a web software based on the Client/Server architecture having on the Client side the Client Interface Module that collects the input information needed to run the user's simulation and displays the outputs on interactive geospatial maps. The Server Side is comprised of the project's main database, a series of 12 meta-models to simulate the above mentioned sectors and a main Running Module that links the Client and the Server side. The tool was developed with the help of representative stakeholders that have also contributed to its calibration and testing. The novelty of this platform is that it allows users to explore and understand the interactions between various sectors rather than viewing a sectorial area in isolation.
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"Mortgage Repossessions in Scotland." In 9th European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2002. ERES, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2002_147.
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Perez, Rovin, and Slaveya Abadzhieva. "Design challenges, and outcomes of building a satellite the size of a soda can." In Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.070.
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A Mach contest is part of an annual event, organized by UKLSL, which combines both CanSat and rocket competitions. The first Mach event in 2021 was focused on the design of “Simple and Advance CanSats”, and culminated on a 3-day activity at Machrihanish Airbase in Scotland. It involved setup, pre-flight checks, and system adjustments. This paper focuses on the design challenges, and outcomes from building a satellite the size of a soda can by reviewing the event, the mission designed for the competition, and students’ feedback on what could have been improved to prepare the next team competing in Mach-22 which would involve developing a Rocket design and launching an “Advance CanSat”. The competition allowed undergraduate students at The University of Nottingham to experience a practical learning style by solving real engineering problems and practicing professional development skills through design review presentations and providing a flight readiness review to the launch providers of the competition. The proposed mission statement was part of the “PEAK” category, which involved atmospheric studies, where it acts as a simulation model for measuring the atmosphere on different planets and as a deployable probe from rovers to measure varying atmospheric levels. The competition exposed students to perform AITV (Assembly, Integration, Testing, Verification) processes to their CanSat and constructed procedures to test and validate the recovery system. Results from the first Mach event prove a solid starting point for future CanSat competition and space activities within our university. In the future, there are aspirations to grow a student space society and get students involved in extra-curricular STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) projects, and allow them to apply the theory and concepts learned in their academics
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Sheerman-Chase, A., A. Veitch, and J. L. Hinks. "Dams for Small Hydropower in Scotland." In 20th Biennial Conference of the British Dam Society. ICE Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/sdar.64119.301.
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Mezentsev, Victor Fedorovich. "THE SECOND WORLD WAR AS A “PEOPLE'S WAR”: BRITISH SOCIETY AND THE SECOND WORLD WAR." In Историческая наука и историческое образование в условиях глобальных трансформаций. Екатеринбург: [б.и.], 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54351/978-5-7186-1774-0_2021_25_15.
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Mezentsev, Victor Fedorovich. "THE SECOND WORLD WAR AS A “PEOPLE'S WAR”: BRITISH SOCIETY AND THE SECOND WORLD WAR." In Историческая наука и историческое образование в условиях глобальных трансформаций. Екатеринбург: [б.и.], 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26170/978-5-7186-1774-0_2021_25_15.
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Kusuma, Manisha, Vikram Mohanty, Marx Wang, and Kurt Luther. "Civil War Twin." In AIES '22: AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3514094.3534141.
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Bakens, Jessie, and Gwilym Pryce. "Ethnic Mover Flows and Neighborhood Change in Scotland." In 22nd Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2015_184.
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"Access to Social Housing in Scotland and The Netherlands." In 10th European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2003. ERES, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2003_251.
Full textReports on the topic "War and society – Scotland"
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Brophy, Kenny, and Alison Sheridan, eds. Neolithic Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.196.
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The main recommendations of the Panel report can be summarised as follows: The Overall Picture: more needs to be understood about the process of acculturation of indigenous communities; about the Atlantic, Breton strand of Neolithisation; about the ‘how and why’ of the spread of Grooved Ware use and its associated practices and traditions; and about reactions to Continental Beaker novelties which appeared from the 25th century. The Detailed Picture: Our understanding of developments in different parts of Scotland is very uneven, with Shetland and the north-west mainland being in particular need of targeted research. Also, here and elsewhere in Scotland, the chronology of developments needs to be clarified, especially as regards developments in the Hebrides. Lifeways and Lifestyles: Research needs to be directed towards filling the substantial gaps in our understanding of: i) subsistence strategies; ii) landscape use (including issues of population size and distribution); iii) environmental change and its consequences – and in particular issues of sea level rise, peat formation and woodland regeneration; and iv) the nature and organisation of the places where people lived; and to track changes over time in all of these. Material Culture and Use of Resources: In addition to fine-tuning our characterisation of material culture and resource use (and its changes over the course of the Neolithic), we need to apply a wider range of analytical approaches in order to discover more about manufacture and use.Some basic questions still need to be addressed (e.g. the chronology of felsite use in Shetland; what kind of pottery was in use, c 3000–2500, in areas where Grooved Ware was not used, etc.) and are outlined in the relevant section of the document. Our knowledge of organic artefacts is very limited, so research in waterlogged contexts is desirable. Identity, Society, Belief Systems: Basic questions about the organisation of society need to be addressed: are we dealing with communities that started out as egalitarian, but (in some regions) became socially differentiated? Can we identify acculturated indigenous people? How much mobility, and what kind of mobility, was there at different times during the Neolithic? And our chronology of certain monument types and key sites (including the Ring of Brodgar, despite its recent excavation) requires to be clarified, especially since we now know that certain types of monument (including Clava cairns) were not built during the Neolithic. The way in which certain types of site (e.g. large palisaded enclosures) were used remains to be clarified. Research and methodological issues: There is still much ignorance of the results of past and current research, so more effective means of dissemination are required. Basic inventory information (e.g. the Scottish Human Remains Database) needs to be compiled, and Canmore and museum database information needs to be updated and expanded – and, where not already available online, placed online, preferably with a Scottish Neolithic e-hub that directs the enquirer to all the available sources of information. The Historic Scotland on-line radiocarbon date inventory needs to be resurrected and kept up to date. Under-used resources, including the rich aerial photography archive in the NMRS, need to have their potential fully exploited. Multi-disciplinary, collaborative research (and the application of GIS modelling to spatial data in order to process the results) is vital if we are to escape from the current ‘silo’ approach and address key research questions from a range of perspectives; and awareness of relevant research outside Scotland is essential if we are to avoid reinventing the wheel. Our perspective needs to encompass multi-scale approaches, so that ScARF Neolithic Panel Report iv developments within Scotland can be understood at a local, regional and wider level. Most importantly, the right questions need to be framed, and the right research strategies need to be developed, in order to extract the maximum amount of information about the Scottish Neolithic.
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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research. Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices. Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed. Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data. Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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Hadida, Avraham E. The Reflection of Israeli Society in Popular War Songs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1012786.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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Meyer, Bruce, and James Sullivan. Winning the War: Poverty from the Great Society to the Great Recession. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18718.
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Shapovalova, Daria, Tavis Potts, John Bone, and Keith Bender. Measuring Just Transition : Indicators and scenarios for a Just Transition in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire. University of Aberdeen, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57064/2164/22364.
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The North East of Scotland is at the forefront of the global energy transition. With the transformation of the UK’s energy sector over coming decades, the lives of communities and workers in the North East will be directly affected as we collectively transition to a Net Zero economy. A Just Transition refers to a fair distribution of the burdens and benefits as society and the economy shifts to a sustainable low-carbon economy. It calls for action on providing decent green jobs, building community wealth, and embedding participation. While it is a well-established concept in the academic literature and in policy there is a notable lack of approaches and data on measuring progress towards a Just Transition. In Scotland, with Just Transition planning underway, there are calls for clarity by the Scottish Parliament, Just Transition Commission, and many stakeholders on how to evaluate progress in a place-based context. The project ‘Just Transition for Workers and Communities in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire’ brought together an interdisciplinary team from the University of Aberdeen Just Transition Lab to identify and collate the relevant evidence, and engage with a range of local stakeholders to develop regional Just Transition indicators. Previous work on this project produced a Rapid Evidence Assessment on how the oil and gas industry has shaped our region and what efforts and visions have emerged for a Just Transition. Based on the findings and a stakeholder knowledge-exchange event, we have developed a set of proposed indicators, supported by data and/or narrative, for a transition in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire across four themes: 1) Employment and skills, 2) Equality and wellbeing, 3) Democratic participation, and 4) Community empowerment, revitalisation and Net Zero. Some of the indicators are compiled from national/local data sets, including data on jobs and skills, fuel poverty or greenhouse gas emissions. Other indicators require further data collection and elaboration, but nevertheless represent important aspects of Just Transition in the region. These include workers’ rights protection, community ownership, participation and empowerment. We propose four narrative scenarios as springboards for further dialogue, policy development, investment and participation on Just Transition in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire. Indicators, as proxies for evaluating progress, can be used as decision support tools, a means of informing policy, and supporting stakeholder dialogue and action as we collectively progress a Just Transition in the North East. There are no shortcuts on a way to a Just Transition. Progress towards achieving it will require a clear articulation of vision and objectives, co-developed with all stakeholders around the table. It will require collaboration, trust, difficult conversations, and compromise as we develop a collective vision for the region. Finally, it will require strong political will, substantive policy and legal reform, public and private investment, and building of social licence as we collectively build a Net Zero future in the North East.
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Hall, Mark, and Neil Price. Medieval Scotland: A Future for its Past. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.165.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings. Underpinning all five areas is the recognition that human narratives remain crucial for ensuring the widest access to our shared past. There is no wish to see political and economic narratives abandoned but the need is recognised for there to be an expansion to more social narratives to fully explore the potential of the diverse evidence base. The questions that can be asked are here framed in a national context but they need to be supported and improved a) by the development of regional research frameworks, and b) by an enhanced study of Scotland’s international context through time. 1. From North Britain to the Idea of Scotland: Understanding why, where and how ‘Scotland’ emerges provides a focal point of research. Investigating state formation requires work from Medieval Scotland: a future for its past ii a variety of sources, exploring the relationships between centres of consumption - royal, ecclesiastical and urban - and their hinterlands. Working from site-specific work to regional analysis, researchers can explore how what would become ‘Scotland’ came to be, and whence sprang its inspiration. 2. Lifestyles and Living Spaces: Holistic approaches to exploring medieval settlement should be promoted, combining landscape studies with artefactual, environmental, and documentary work. Understanding the role of individual sites within wider local, regional and national settlement systems should be promoted, and chronological frameworks developed to chart the changing nature of Medieval settlement. 3. Mentalities: The holistic understanding of medieval belief (particularly, but not exclusively, in its early medieval or early historic phase) needs to broaden its contextual understanding with reference to prehistoric or inherited belief systems and frames of reference. Collaborative approaches should draw on international parallels and analogues in pursuit of defining and contrasting local or regional belief systems through integrated studies of portable material culture, monumentality and landscape. 4. Empowerment: Revisiting museum collections and renewing the study of newly retrieved artefacts is vital to a broader understanding of the dynamics of writing within society. Text needs to be seen less as a metaphor and more as a technological and social innovation in material culture which will help the understanding of it as an experienced, imaginatively rich reality of life. In archaeological terms, the study of the relatively neglected cultural areas of sensory perception, memory, learning and play needs to be promoted to enrich the understanding of past social behaviours. 5. Parameters: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches should be encouraged in order to release the research potential of all sectors of archaeology. Creative solutions should be sought to the challenges of transmitting the importance of archaeological work and conserving the resource for current and future research.
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Dalglish, Chris, and Sarah Tarlow, eds. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.163.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: HUMANITY The Panel recommends recognition that research in this field should be geared towards the development of critical understandings of self and society in the modern world. Archaeological research into the modern past should be ambitious in seeking to contribute to understanding of the major social, economic and environmental developments through which the modern world came into being. Modern-world archaeology can add significantly to knowledge of Scotland’s historical relationships with the rest of the British Isles, Europe and the wider world. Archaeology offers a new perspective on what it has meant to be a modern person and a member of modern society, inhabiting a modern world. MATERIALITY The Panel recommends approaches to research which focus on the materiality of the recent past (i.e. the character of relationships between people and their material world). Archaeology’s contribution to understandings of the modern world lies in its ability to situate, humanise and contextualise broader historical developments. Archaeological research can provide new insights into the modern past by investigating historical trends not as abstract phenomena but as changes to real lives, affecting different localities in different ways. Archaeology can take a long-term perspective on major modern developments, researching their ‘prehistory’ (which often extends back into the Middle Ages) and their material legacy in the present. Archaeology can humanise and contextualise long-term processes and global connections by working outwards from individual life stories, developing biographies of individual artefacts and buildings and evidencing the reciprocity of people, things, places and landscapes. The modern person and modern social relationships were formed in and through material environments and, to understand modern humanity, it is crucial that we understand humanity’s material relationships in the modern world. PERSPECTIVE The Panel recommends the development, realisation and promotion of work which takes a critical perspective on the present from a deeper understanding of the recent past. Research into the modern past provides a critical perspective on the present, uncovering the origins of our current ways of life and of relating to each other and to the world around us. It is important that this relevance is acknowledged, understood, developed and mobilised to connect past, present and future. The material approach of archaeology can enhance understanding, challenge assumptions and develop new and alternative histories. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present vi Archaeology can evidence varied experience of social, environmental and economic change in the past. It can consider questions of local distinctiveness and global homogeneity in complex and nuanced ways. It can reveal the hidden histories of those whose ways of life diverged from the historical mainstream. Archaeology can challenge simplistic, essentialist understandings of the recent Scottish past, providing insights into the historical character and interaction of Scottish, British and other identities and ideologies. COLLABORATION The Panel recommends the development of integrated and collaborative research practices. Perhaps above all other periods of the past, the modern past is a field of enquiry where there is great potential benefit in collaboration between different specialist sectors within archaeology, between different disciplines, between Scottish-based researchers and researchers elsewhere in the world and between professionals and the public. The Panel advocates the development of new ways of working involving integrated and collaborative investigation of the modern past. Extending beyond previous modes of inter-disciplinary practice, these new approaches should involve active engagement between different interests developing collaborative responses to common questions and problems. REFLECTION The Panel recommends that a reflexive approach is taken to the archaeology of the modern past, requiring research into the nature of academic, professional and public engagements with the modern past and the development of new reflexive modes of practice. Archaeology investigates the past but it does so from its position in the present. Research should develop a greater understanding of modern-period archaeology as a scholarly pursuit and social practice in the present. Research should provide insights into the ways in which the modern past is presented and represented in particular contexts. Work is required to better evidence popular understandings of and engagements with the modern past and to understand the politics of the recent past, particularly its material aspect. Research should seek to advance knowledge and understanding of the moral and ethical viewpoints held by professionals and members of the public in relation to the archaeology of the recent past. There is a need to critically review public engagement practices in modern-world archaeology and develop new modes of public-professional collaboration and to generate practices through which archaeology can make positive interventions in the world. And there is a need to embed processes of ethical reflection and beneficial action into archaeological practice relating to the modern past.
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Ulinskaitė, Jogilė, and Rosita Garškaitė-Antonowicz. The populist Far Right in Lithuania during Russia’s war against Ukraine. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0024.
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In Lithuania, centrist populist parties have been challenging the stability of the party system since 2000. Yet Far Right populist parties have not yet managed to enter the parliament. As Russia’s war against Ukraine has unfolded, the Far Right has had to reorient itself in a changing political landscape. On the one hand, the economic and energy crisis resulting from the war seems to provide the perfect conditions for populist mobilization in a low-trust and low-participation society. On the other, the Lithuanian government has benefited from a rally-around-the-flag effect. Lithuanian society has been particularly active in supporting Kyiv and welcoming refugees from Ukraine. In this article, we analyse the rhetoric of the Lithuanian populist Far Right, focusing on how these parties position themselves in light of changing circumstances due to the war and how they reframe criticism of national and international elites.