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Journal articles on the topic 'War – Causes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

TRAWNY, PETER. "CAUSES OF WAR." HORIZON / Fenomenologicheskie issledovanija/ STUDIEN ZUR PHÄNOMENOLOGIE / STUDIES IN PHENOMENOLOGY / ÉTUDES PHÉNOMÉNOLOGIQUES 11, no. 1 (2022): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/2226-5260-2022-11-441-454.

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Since the beginning of its history philosophy deals with the question for the meaning of war. This question, however, was always understood as the question for the causes of war: Why is there war? Where does it come from? The article presupposes that only this question and the attempts to respond to it can shed light onto the interpretation of the historical reality of war, which is finally the only reason to reflect on its causation. The article refers to a set of notions and texts, which belong to a discourse on war unfolding through the centuries of European thinking. These notions are: contradictions (Heraclitus), body (Plato), justice (nature) (Cicero), nature (Hobbes), right (Hegel), politics (Clausewitz), and morals (C. Schmitt). Even if this sequence is only one possible sequence of the philosophical reflection on warfare, I consider it to be one of greater importance. We see, how a plurality of causes creates a context, in which we could try to analyze actual events: For it is evident that no war has only one reason. And the article has finally one other intention, namely to show that probably every possible sequence of causes of war will have the same consequence. This con-sequence will be the final destruction of the world, the coming of the ash.

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2

Strouts, E. A. "Causes of war." Medicine and War 4, no. 1 (January 1988): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07488008808408790.

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3

Schake, Kori. "What Causes War?" Orbis 61, no. 4 (2017): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2017.08.002.

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4

Russell, Bertrand. "Causes of War." Russell: The Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies 43, no. 1 (June 2023): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rss.2023.a904088.

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5

Keeney, W. "The Causes of War." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 19, no. 8 (June 1986): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-034915-2.50008-1.

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6

Cunliffe, Philip. "The causes of war." Acta Politica 45, no. 4 (November 6, 2010): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ap.2010.20.

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7

Matanle, Emma. "Just war: principles and causes." International Affairs 73, no. 2 (April 1997): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2623837.

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8

Holsti, K. J. "On the causes of war." International Affairs 72, no. 4 (October 1996): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2624139.

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9

RINGMAR, ERIK. "On the Causes of War." Cooperation and Conflict 32, no. 2 (June 1997): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836797032002005.

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10

Jorgensen, Knud Eric, and Hidemi Suganami. "On the Causes of War." International Journal 52, no. 1 (1996): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40203186.

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11

David, Steven R. "Internal War: Causes and Cures." World Politics 49, no. 4 (July 1997): 552–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887100008054.

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Since the end of the cold war internal conflicts have received unprecedented attention. Of special interest has been the effort of neorealists to employ an approach traditionally used to explain interstate conflict to make internal war understandable. While neorealism has been useful in explaining the behavior of groups in anarchic conditions, it is inadequate in explaining internal wars occurring in states that retain a strong government and that stem from motives other than power and security. Neorealism also does little to explain how anarchy is created in the first place and what can be done to restore central control. Another approach offers “bad leaders” as a proximate cause of internal war. There is much to this explanation, but more work needs to be done in understanding just what makes leaders “bad” and whether leaders have the latitude to be “good.” Finally, the diverse nature of internal wars has frustrated efforts to develop an overall means of settling them. At a point in which armed conflict has become almost exclusively an internal affair, useful generalizations for causes and cures remain elusive.

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12

WILKE, W. S., and S. D. FROST. "Gulf War syndrome: Proposed causes." Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 67, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.67.1.17.

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13

Fukuyama, Francis, and Hidemi Suganami. "On the Causes of War." Foreign Affairs 75, no. 5 (1996): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20047753.

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14

White, Ralph K. "The Causes of War, Updated." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 37, no. 1 (January 1992): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/031795.

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15

Hirshleifer, Jack. "The bioeconomic causes of war." Managerial and Decision Economics 19, no. 7-8 (November 1998): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1468(199811/12)19:7/8<457::aid-mde897>3.0.co;2-h.

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16

Shevtsov, Sergii. "ONTOLOGICAL DRIFT OF CAUSES." Doxa, no. 1(37) (July 5, 2023): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2410-2601.2022.1(37).281819.

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Russia’s military aggression in Ukraine has given rise to much speculation about its causes and aims. The accessibility of the modern media allows to freely hear the voices of both sides which creates a unique situation in many ways. Among the many theories and hypotheses about the causes and goals of this war, there is no consensus for any of the warring parties. The options and hypotheses expressed differ noticeably from each other even within each of the countries. This article attempts to classify the expressed points of view on the causes and goals of the war for the Russian and Ukrainian sides. It is noted that Russia, having started the war, has a lot more versions than Ukraine. For the Ukrainian side, the war is predominantly perceived through the formula ‘we have been attacked and we defend ourselves, our land, and our way of life’. Meanwhile, the question of why Russia carried out the attack is much more difficult. In this article, the author identifies six levels of social existence, into which the suggested versions can be distributed. These six levels are: individual, group, political, ideological, geopolitical, and civilizational. The article suggests that the cause cannot be limited to one level, it is important for the aggressor to justify its actions on all six levels. It is noteworthy that for Russia the economic level is not significant, in fact, most of the Russian war opponents are at this level, while for Ukraine the economic level matters a lot. According to the author of the article, only religion can unite six such different levels. Therefore, he suggests, for Russia, this war is of religious nature although it is not connected with religion and does not have a religious form. The author finds this situation paradoxical and ugly.

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17

Regan, Patrick M., and H. E. Goemans. "War and Punishment: The Causes of War Termination and the First World War." Journal of Military History 65, no. 2 (April 2001): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2677203.

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18

Cebotari, Svetlana. "The Russia-Ukraine war. Causes of emergence." International Relations Plus, no. 1(21) (2022): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52327/1857-4440.2022.1(21).11.

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The Russian-Ukrainian war is not just a regional war. It is the war that marks a rupture in relations between Russia and the West, a war that will have profound repercussions for both Europe and the world. The invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation tends to become the most important military conflict since the end of World War II. Thus, the actions of the Russian Federation in Ukraine become a topic of discussion not only in the chancelleries and in the speeches of Western leaders, but also constitute a topic worthy of consideration for the academic community. This article aims to highlight the causes of the emergence of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The article will highlight the actions taken by the Russian Federation in Ukraine over three decades.

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19

Sartin, Jeffrey S. "Gulf War Illnesses: Causes and Controversies." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 75, no. 8 (August 2000): 811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/75.8.811.

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20

Collier, P. "On economic causes of civil war." Oxford Economic Papers 50, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oep/50.4.563.

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21

Hyland, William G., and Seyom Brown. "The Causes and Prevention of War." Foreign Affairs 65, no. 5 (1987): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20043214.

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22

Bencivenga, Ermanno. "The Causes of War and Peace." Philosophy and Literature 30, no. 2 (2006): 484–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/phl.2006.0022.

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23

Jorgensen, Knud Eric. "Review: On the Causes of War." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 52, no. 1 (March 1997): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070209705200118.

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24

Hinde, R. A. "War: some psychological causes and consequences." Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 22, no. 3 (September 1997): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/isr.1997.22.3.229.

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25

Ohlson, Thomas. "Understanding Causes of War and Peace." European Journal of International Relations 14, no. 1 (March 2008): 133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066107087765.

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26

Kekes, John. "War." Philosophy 85, no. 2 (April 2010): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819110000045.

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AbstractThis article is an explanation of the causes of war. It shows the inadequacy of existing explanations in terms of competition for scarce resources, aggressiveness as a trait inherent in human nature, and struggle for power. It constructs a new explanation that combines the defensible elements of the inadequate explanations and adds to them conflicts between systems of value on which the identity of the warring parties depends as the most important of the causes of war. It concludes that since values are plural and conflicting, conflicts between systems of value are ineliminable. This has the consequence that war is a permanent adversity that is an unavoidable obstacle to the improvement of the human condition.

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27

Cohen, J. E. "War Stories: The Causes and Consequences of Public Views of War." Public Opinion Quarterly 75, no. 1 (September 15, 2010): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfq051.

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28

Demina, Svetlana S. "The Causes of the Civil War (49–45 BC) in the Thoughts of Roman Authors (1st Century BC – 1st Century AD)." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Historical Studies 7, no. 2 (26) (October 8, 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2312-1300.2020.7(2).7-13.

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This article investigates the thoughts of Roman authors about the causes of the civil war (49-45 BC). Caesar, Cicero and Velleius Paterculus consider the passions and the immorality of the persons as the causes of this war. According to Seneca and Lucan, the political ambitions of Caesar, Pompey, their supporters, as well as the passions of the whole society caused the civil war. But Lucan paid attention also to objective conditions.

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29

Shirkey, Zachary C. "Which wars spread? Commitment problems and military intervention." Conflict Management and Peace Science 37, no. 2 (November 30, 2017): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894217740875.

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This article argues that wars caused by commitment problems are more likely to experience outside military intervention than are wars with other causes. Wars caused by commitment problems are more likely to draw in outside states because they tend to be more severe and produce larger war aims. These larger stakes create both threats and opportunities for non-belligerent states thereby prompting military intervention. The greater stakes also generate incentives for belligerent states to seek outside aid. This relationship between commitment problems and intervention implies that while certain types of wars may be more likely to experience intervention, the same causes can explain both intervention and war initiation. The argument is tested on the Correlates of War Interstate War dataset using logit-based generalized linear models. The findings support the commitment problem hypothesis and have implications for the bargaining framework and for theories about the causes of multilateral and general wars.

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30

Bell, Curtis, and Jun Koga Sudduth. "The Causes and Outcomes of Coup during Civil War." Journal of Conflict Resolution 61, no. 7 (September 22, 2015): 1432–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002715603098.

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Though approximately one in four coup attempts takes place during an ongoing civil war, scholars have not yet analyzed how the incidence of civil war affects coup attempts and outcomes. We conduct the first empirical analysis of the relationship between ongoing civil war and coup activity, finding (1) war increases the risk of a coup attempt, though (2) war-time coup attempts are significantly less likely to be successful, and (3) the risk of war-time coup is much higher when states face stronger rebel groups that pose greater threats to the political survival of the incumbent government. We attribute these findings to the pernicious effect of ongoing war on the welfare of the military elites and soldiers who have the greatest capacity to execute a coup attempt. As war diminishes their welfare and creates uncertainty about the future of the state, potential plotters become more willing to accept riskier coup attempts than they might plot during peace-time. Coup motivations are greatest when incumbents are more likely to lose their wars, and this causes coup plotters to attempt more and riskier coups when rebels are relatively strong.

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31

Lu, Xiaosheng. "Causes of the Falklands War, A Historiography." BCP Education & Psychology 7 (November 7, 2022): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpep.v7i.2608.

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This essay seeks to understand the historical debate around the causes of the Falklands War by exploring, chronologically, three main families of explanations --diversionary strategy, rationalist war, and rally around the flag effect. In separate sections dedicated to each one of these theories, there is an overview of the theory, a detailed explanation of a representative work of that theory, and a brief explanation of the theory's significance to historical debates.

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32

Greaves, Richard L., and Ann Hughes. "The Causes of the English Civil War." Sixteenth Century Journal 24, no. 3 (1993): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2542142.

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33

Underdown, David, and Conrad Russell. "The Causes of the English Civil War." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 23, no. 2 (1992): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/205291.

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34

James, Patrick. "Structural Realism and the Causes of War." Mershon International Studies Review 39, no. 2 (October 1995): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/222750.

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35

Ahmed, Niaz. "YEMENI CIVIL WAR: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND PROSPECTS." JDP (JURNAL DINAMIKA PEMERINTAHAN) 2, no. 2 (August 16, 2019): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36341/jdp.v2i2.943.

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Yemeni conflict reflects the failure of the Yemeni government to address the common needs to its citizen, the uprising of politically marginalized Houthis and the corrupt state, which bring the country into civil war. This article is an attempt to know the causes, consequences, and the role of foreign powers and also the entire situation of Yemeni civil war. Yemen is the poorest Arab country in the world. Due to the effect of the Arab Socialist Movement, Yemen’s Imamate ruling system disintegrated in 1970 and the country divided into two nations, North Yemen and South Yemen. Again in 1990 under the leadership of Ali Abdullah Saleh, both have been united into one nation. The corrupt rule of government, the unhealthy treatment of Houthi minority and the internal conflict made the country more unstable. Political transition happed in 2011 for the stabilization of the country, but it fails to bring peace and finally in 2015 Yemen faces a devastating civil war. Different attempts have been taken by the international community for normalizing the conflict, but all fail to bring peace. The country is suffering the worst humanitarian crisis. Saudi Arabia and Iran is the main player in the conflict. This qualitative study will try to highlight the different scenario of Yemen and also provide an overview of the civil conflict. Keywords: Yemen, Houthis, Civil War, Humanitarian Crisis

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36

Levy, Jack S. "Organizational Routines and the Causes of War." International Studies Quarterly 30, no. 2 (June 1986): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2600676.

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37

Hirst, Derek, and Conrad Russell. "The Causes of the English Civil War." American Historical Review 97, no. 1 (February 1992): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2164590.

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38

Ushakov, V. V., and A. V. Gadeev. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II." Вестник Керченского государственного морского технологического университета, no. 3 (2020): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47404/2619-0605_2020_3_141.

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39

Lischer, Sarah Kenyon. "Causes of Communal War: Fear and Feasibility." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 22, no. 4 (November 1999): 331–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/105761099265676.

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40

Jervis, Robert. "Arms Control, Stability, and Causes of War." Political Science Quarterly 108, no. 2 (1993): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2152010.

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41

Beck, Ethan. "The Winter War: Its Causes and Effects." Channels 2, no. 2 (2018): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15385/jch.2018.2.2.4.

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42

Mendle, Michael, Ann Hughes, and R. C. Richardson. "The Causes of the English Civil War." Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies 31, no. 4 (1999): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4053146.

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43

Jones, W. J. "The Causes of the English Civil War." History: Reviews of New Books 20, no. 2 (January 1992): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1992.9949558.

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44

ASHBY, A. W. "ECONOMIC CAUSES OF WAR AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANISATION." Journal of proceedings of the Agricultural Economics Society 6, no. 2 (November 5, 2008): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.1940.tb01903.x.

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45

King, Charles. "Book Review: On the Causes of War." War in History 5, no. 3 (July 1998): 377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096834459800500311.

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46

Strachan, Hew. "The First World War: Causes and Course." Historical Journal 29, no. 1 (March 1986): 227–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00018719.

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47

Kapustina, Larisa, Ľudmila Lipková, Yakov Silin, and Andrei Drevalev. "US-China Trade War: Causes and Outcomes." SHS Web of Conferences 73 (2020): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207301012.

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The article reviews the chronology and analyses the causes and possible consequences of the trade war between the US and China. The authors identify four main reasons that led to the greatest trade conflict between the two economies in history associated with intentions of the US: a) to reduce the deficit of bilateral trade and increase the number of jobs; b) to limit access of Chinese companies to American technologies and prevent digital modernization of the industry in the PRC; c) to prevent the growth of China’s military strength; and d) to reduce the federal budget deficit. It is confirmed and concluded that trade wars have no winners. Taking into account the two countries’ GDP scale and export volumes, the US-China trade war will come amid a slowdown in the global production and international trade. The article analyses the outcomes of the trade confrontation based on the scenario methodology. The authors identify 4 scenarios by making assumptions about the response pattern and conjectural variation in the bilateral economic relations. The US protectionist policy has its political dimension. The constraints of the bilateral trade is one of the tools for slowing China's military and economic power growth.

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48

Prugl, Elisabeth. "Gender and War: Causes, Constructions, and Critique." Perspective on Politics 1, no. 02 (June 2003): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592703000252.

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49

SCHNEIDER, MARY ELLEN. "Federal Report Recognizes Gulf War Illness, Causes." Family Practice News 38, no. 23 (December 2008): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(08)71408-7.

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50

Van Evera, Stephen. "Offense, Defense, and the Causes of War." International Security 22, no. 4 (April 1998): 5–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.22.4.5.

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