Relevant bibliographies by topics / War crimes Rwanda

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'War crimes Rwanda'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "War crimes Rwanda"

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Askin, Kelly D. "Sexual Violence in Decisions and Indictments of the Yugoslav and Rwandan Tribunals: Current Status." American Journal of International Law 93, no. 1 (1999): 97–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2997957.

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The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was established in 1993 to prosecute war crimes committed during the Yugoslav conflict; the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) was established in 1994 to prosecute war crimes committed during the Rwandan civil war. The Yugoslav Tribunal has the competence to try alleged offenders for crimes enumerated in Articles 2-5 of its Statute, namely, grave breaches of the 1949 Geneva Conventions, violations of the laws or customs of war, genocide, and crimes against humanity. Similarly, the Rwandan Statute accords the Tr
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Fazi, Muhammad Abdullah, Pardis Moslemzadeh Tehrani, Mian Waqar Ahmed, and Sardar Ali Shah. "Bangladesh's Approach towards International Criminal Law: A Case Study of International Crimes Tribunal Bangladesh." Journal of Politics and Law 12, no. 3 (2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v12n3p80.

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The International Crimes Tribunal Bangladesh that has been found by the Bangladeshi Government to try war crimes during India Pakistan war of 1971. The tribunal is violating the fair trial rights as guaranteed by Constitution, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and International Humanitarian Law and the standard of the International Crimes Tribunal Bangladesh is far below than that setup by The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the International Criminal Court. These irregularities imply serious c
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Rudolph, Christopher. "Constructing an Atrocities Regime: The Politics of War Crimes Tribunals." International Organization 55, no. 3 (2001): 655–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/00208180152507588.

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From the notorious “killing fields” of Cambodia to programs of “ethnic cleansing” in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, the grizzly nature of ethnic and identity-centered conflict incites horror, outrage, and a human desire for justice. While the drive to humanize warfare can be traced to the writing of Hugo Grotius, current efforts to establish an atrocities regime are unparalleled in modern history. Combining approaches in international relations theory and international law, I examine the role political factors (norms, power and interests, institutions) and legal factors (precedent and proce
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Holá, Barbora, Catrien Bijleveld, and Alette Smeulers. "Consistency of international sentencing: ICTY and ICTR case study." European Journal of Criminology 9, no. 5 (2012): 539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370812453112.

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The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda are the first, post Cold War international criminal tribunals convicting perpetrators of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. Their sentencing practice has been largely criticized as inconsistent. This quantitative study addresses the criticism and empirically investigates the consistency of international sentencing. The extent to which the selected factors predict sentence length is tested in a multiple regression analysis. The analysis suggests that similar, legally r
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Popko, V. "THE "HAGUE" MODIFICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIME CONCEPT." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Legal Studies, no. 117 (2021): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2021/2.117-13.

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The article analyses the development of the concept of international crime in the "Hague" period, which covers the last decades of the last century and is closely related to the establishment of ad hoc international tribunals in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The article reveals the legal grounds for the establishment of these tribunals, the features of their activities, jurisdiction and principles of responsibility of persons who committed crimes in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The establishment of international justice bodies by UN Security Council decisions has provoked a number of
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Cissé, Catherine. "The End of a Culture of Impunity in Rwanda? Prosecution of Genocide and War Crimes before Rwandan Courts and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 1 (December 1998): 161–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1389135900000088.

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Following the death of Rwandan President Juvénal Habyarimana in a plane crash on 6 April 1994, Hutu extremists, members of the Presidential Guard, Rwandan army troops, theInterhamwe(‘Those who work together’) militia affiliated to the ruling party, the M.R.N.D. (Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour la Démocratie) and theImpuzamugambi(‘Those with a single purpose’) militia of the extremist CDR Party (Coalition pour la Défense de la République) began the systematic and widespread killings of Tutsi civilians in the capital Kigali. Hutu moderates were also targeted. Early victims of the violence
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Gadler, Alice. "The Protection of Peacekeepers and International Criminal Law: Legal Challenges and Broader Protection." German Law Journal 11, no. 6 (2010): 585–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200018745.

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The concern for the safety and security of personnel involved in peacekeeping missions has grown in the last two decades, mainly because of the increased risks deriving from deployment in volatile environments and mandates comprising multiple tasks. This article provides an overview of the developments of international law regarding the protection of peacekeepers, with a special focus on international criminal law and its role in enhancing the safety of the personnel and objects involved in peacekeeping missions. Indeed, starting in 2008, international and hybrid tribunals have issued their fi
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Rutagambwa, Elisee. "II. The Role of a Theologian in Genocide Prevention: Theology in Postgenocide Rwanda." Horizons 47, no. 1 (2020): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hor.2020.51.

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When the world came to its senses after the Second World War and reports of the horrors of the Holocaust began to spread, the international community reacted with disbelief. And when reality proved much worse than even the worst nightmare, the world community reacted unanimously with a general outcry: crimes of this magnitude must never happen again. It appeared quite clear that, in the future, the international community would never again remain inactive in the face of such appalling tragedy. Yet, the firm imperative “never again” has become “again and again,” and the same dreadful crimes hav
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Mollah, Md Awal Hossain. "War Crimes Trials in Bangladesh: Justice or Politics?" Journal of Asian and African Studies 55, no. 5 (2019): 652–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619890117.

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The aim of this paper is to examine the trial process and standard of the International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) in Bangladesh. The main aim of the paper is to explore whether the trial is about justice or politics. Two International Crimes Tribunals (ICTs) have been established following the amended ICT Act 2009 after 40 years of independence. To date, more than 30 verdicts have been delivered by the tribunals and most of the accused have been proved to be war criminals, as collaborators with the Pakistani army, and involved in the politics of Jamaat who have penalized for capital punishment. Ja
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Gabriele, Chiara, Kelly Matheson, and Raquel Vazquez Llorente. "The Role of Mobile Technology in Documenting International Crimes." Journal of International Criminal Justice 19, no. 1 (2021): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqab026.

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Abstract This article reflects on the landmark use of photo and video evidence in the Affaire Castro et Kizito. In 2018, a mobile military court in Kalehe, South Kivu, in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) tried two members of the Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda (FDLR) for crimes against humanity and war crimes. This case broke new ground not only in the DRC, but also globally. For the first time, a court of law admitted digital photography that had been captured with the eyeWitness app, a ready-for-court technology developed to streamline the documentation of international cr
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "War crimes Rwanda"

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Gassama, Diakhoumba. "Accountability and prosecution in the Liberian transitional society: lessons from Rwanda and Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_3458_1180416748.

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<p>In the aftermath of World War Two, the International Community has shown a renewed commitment towards the protection of human rights. However, whether during wars or under dictatorial regimes, numerous human rights abuses occurred everywhere in the world, from Latin America to Eastern Europe and from Southern Europe to Africa. Countries which experienced oppressive governance or outrageous atrocities has to address the legacies of their past on the return of democratic rule or peace. In other words, they had to emerge from the darkness of dictatorship or civil war in order to establish a de
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Finley, Briana Noelle. "The Destruction of a Society: A Qualitative Examination of the Use of Rape as a Military Tool." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4665/.

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This thesis explores the conditions under which mass rapes are more likely to be incorporated into the strategy of military or paramilitary groups during periods of conflict. I examine three societies, Rwanda , the former Yugoslavia , and Cambodia in a comparative analysis. To determine what characteristics make societies more likely to engage in rape as a military tool, I look at the status of women in the society, the religious cultures, the degree of female integration into the military institutions, the cause of the conflicts, the history of the conflict, and finally, the status of
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Gebreselassie, Yonas Debesai. "The United Nations and the African Union in the prevention of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide in Africa: lessons from Rwanda." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1084.

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"Although the concept of human rights is not new, it has never attracted more attention than today. However, contrary to the tremendous growth of concern for the international protection of human rights, Rwanda was visited by three main deplorable waves of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. Therefore, while the study is based on the premise that the primary duty of preventing these international crimes lies with the state, it will be argued that the secondary duty lies with international organisations like the UN and the AU. Both organisations could have averted or minimised the
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Paula, Luiz Augusto Módolo de. "Genocídio e o Tribunal Penal Internacional para Ruanda." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2135/tde-26032012-114115/.

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A presente dissertação de mestrado analisa a atuação do Tribunal Penal Internacional para Ruanda, corte com sede na Tanzânia, criada sob os auspícios da ONU e encarregada de processar as pessoas responsáveis por sérias violações ao Direito Internacional Humanitário cometidas durante o genocídio da população tutsi organizado por membros do governo e do exército de Ruanda em 1994, e que vitimou mais de 800.000 civis. Estuda-se a evolução do Direito Internacional Penal ao longo do século XX até a criação do Tribunal e a história e a organização política de Ruanda até a eclosão da guerra civil e d
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Le, Roux Elisabet. "The role of African Christian churches in dealing with sexual violence against women : the case of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Liberia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95826.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sexual violence against women (SVAW) has always been part of armed conflict. However, only recently has international law deemed it a crime against humanity and a genocidal crime, thus finally recognising that it is a strategy and weapon that is used extensively during conflict. SVAW and its consequences, however, also continue in the aftermath of conflict, with both ex-combatants and civilians perpetrating SVAW. The effectiveness of SVAW as a weapon and strategy relies on the existence of gender identities and relations that s
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Saint, Georges Marie-Eve. "Le traitement journalistique des crises politiques et des catastrophes naturelles : (les cas de la RdCongo et du Rwanda ; d’Haïti et du Japon)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020007.

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En quoi le traitement journalistique contribue-t-il à une construction de l’Histoire, quand il se confronte à la barbarie du genre humain ou aux pires déchaînements de Mère Nature ? De quels éléments de compréhension dispose-t-on dans la mémoire de ces événements ? La place occupée par le journaliste sur ces terrains en crise est intenable. Il est comme coincé dans une crise perpétuelle qu’il ne vit qu’au présent. Avec des archives conservées ou non, les traces disponibles sont très aléatoires. Je souhaite décortiquer ce que l’on appelle parfois la machine médiatique. Par une recherche approfo
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Mahony, Christopher. "International crimes prosecution case selection : the ICC, ICTR, and SCSL." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a390aead-46cb-42bb-baa7-431540692d9d.

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International crimes prosecutions have become more common since 1993, both domestically and at international courts and tribunals. The advance of this norm confronts realist state interests causing debate about the norm's status. Kathryn Sikkink views a norm as cascading when enough states adopt it to cause international influence, without domestic pressure, to procure levels of conformity. This thesis considers the degree of conformity by observing the level of case selection independence to determine whether this norm is cascading. By identifying the jurisdictional and functional elements of
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Devouèze, Nelly. "Le droit à l'intégrité physique et mentale dans la jurisprudence internationale pénale." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05D008.

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Le droit international pénal est né de l'engagement de la responsabilité pénale individuelle des principaux criminels de la Seconde guerre mondiale. Aux Tribunaux de Nuremberg et de Tokyo, ont succédé dans les années 1990 les deux juridictions ad hoc pour l'ex-Yougoslavie et le Rwanda, créées par le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies, avant l'avènement d'une juridiction indépendante, permanente et à vocation universelle en 1998 : la Cour pénale internationale. Parmi les actes sous-jacents constitutifs de crimes de guerre, de crimes contre l'humanité et de génocide, une constante apparaît :
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Bharthapudi, Kiran K. "SAVE `US' AND LET `THEM' DIE: CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF HOW NEW YORK TIMES SOLD U.S. POLICIES TOWARD RWANDAN GENOCIDE AND KOSOVO CRISIS." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/618.

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My critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the New York Times' front-page and editorial articles, within the framework of Herman and Chomsky's (1988) propaganda model, shows that the newspaper constructed the intervention in Rwanda as suicidal for the United States and beyond the capacity of the international community. On the other hand, U.S. and NATO intervention and military airstrikes against Serbia were represented as surgical and the only options available to save ethnic Albanian lives in Kosovo. My analysis finds that the New York Times' constructions of the two conflicts, conflict actors
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Mulinda, Charles Kabwete. "A space for genocide: local authorities, local population and local histories in Gishamvu and Kibayi (Rwanda)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3491_1363784144.

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Books on the topic "War crimes Rwanda"

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F, Maimouni, ed. Rwanda tribunal: Selected documents. ICA Press, 2011.

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Rwanda: Crimes, mensonges et étouffement de la vérité. Les Intouchables, 2007.

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Rakita, Sara. Rwanda, lasting wounds: Consequences of genocide and war on Rwanda's children. Human Rights Watch, 2003.

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Freeman, Charles. Crisis in Rwanda. Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1999.

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Pearson, Keir. Hotel Rwanda: [screenplay]. United Artists, 2005.

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Oppenheim, J., and Willem-Jan van der Wolf. Global war crimes tribunal collection. Global Law Association, 1997.

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Genocide: Rwanda and Burundi. Schenkman Books, 1998.

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Rwanda, un génocide oublié?: Un procès pour mémoire. Complexe, 2004.

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Dojčinović, Predrag. Propaganda, war crimes trials, and international law from speakers' corner to war crimes. Routledge, 2012.

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Rwanda: Le dessous des cartes. L'Harmattan, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "War crimes Rwanda"

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Buss, Doris. "Expert Witnesses and International War Crimes Trials: Making Sense of Large-Scale Violence in Rwanda." In Narratives of Justice In and Out of the Courtroom. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04057-8_2.

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Moghalu, Kingsley Chiedu. "Image and Reality: Perceptions of War Crimes Justice." In Rwanda's Genocide. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403978387_9.

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"Chapter 10. The Genocide in Rwanda." In Judging War Crimes and Torture. Brill | Nijhoff, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004153295.i-378.60.

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Melvern, Linda R. "The Security Council: Behind the Scenes in the Rwanda Genocide." In Genocide, War Crimes and the West. Zed Books Ltd, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350220324.ch-014.

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"The challenges of understanding Kinyarwanda key terms used to instigate the 1994 genocide in Rwanda MATHIAS RUZINDANA." In Propaganda, War Crimes Trials and International Law. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203180921-14.

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Cryer, Robert. "24. International Criminal Law." In International Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198791836.003.0024.

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This chapter examines the material and mental aspects of four offences that are directly criminalized by international law: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and aggression. The discussions also cover some of the general principles of liability and defences that are of particular relevance to international crimes. Firstly, joint criminal enterprise, co-perpetration, command responsibility, and the defence of obedience to superior orders are considered. The chapter then looks at international and national prosecution of international crimes, including the Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials, the International Criminal Tribunals for former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, and the International Criminal Court. As prosecution is not the only, or predominant, response to international crimes, the chapter concludes with a discussion of alternatives and complements to prosecution, such as amnesties, and truth and reconciliation commissions.
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Atiba-Davies, Gloria. "Justice for Children Affected by Political Violence." In Handbook of Political Violence and Children. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190874551.003.0018.

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This chapter catalogs the list of crimes against and affecting children during conflict and situations of war over which the International Criminal Court (ICC) has jurisdiction. It provides information on the mandate of the International Criminal Tribunals of Yugoslavia and Rwanda as well as the Special Court of Sierra Leone and how they addressed issues relating to crimes against children. The chapter describes the structure and functioning of the ICC. In addition, significant information is presented about the work of the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) of the ICC relating to investigations and cases including crimes against children. Lastly, it gives an overview of the Sexual and Gender-based Crimes Policy and the Policy on Children of the OTP, which were launched in 2014 and 2016, respectively. Both policies provide the framework within which the OTP will conduct the preliminary examinations, investigations, and prosecutions of those crimes.
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Scicluna, Nicole. "13. International criminal justice." In The Politics of International Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198791201.003.0013.

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This chapter assesses whether international politics can be conducted in the courtroom. It begins with an analysis of the post-Second World War Nuremberg tribunal. While flawed in many ways, these proceedings marked a significant change in thinking about international crimes and individual responsibility. Though the onset of the Cold War prevented the translation of the Nuremberg legacy into more permanent, treaty-based international institutions, the ideas Nuremberg incubated were to have a lasting impact on international law. As in so many other areas of international law and international politics, the end of the Cold War was a watershed. The 1990s saw the revival of ad hoc international criminal tribunals, most notably the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. The chapter then examines the International Criminal Court, which is, in many ways, the culmination of efforts to institutionalize international criminal justice.
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Krulisova, Katerina. "A Mother’s Violence in Global Politics." In Troubling Motherhood. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190939182.003.0002.

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Analyzing the cases of Biljana Plavšić and Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, two prominent female politicians accused of perpetrating political violence in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, respectively, this chapter focuses on the ways violent women represent themselves when accused of crimes against humanity, genocide, and genocidal rape. Employing the concepts of twisted motherhood, maternal love, and monstrous mothering, together with maternal naivety about realities of war-fighting, the work first traces the feminist theorization of politically violent womanhood and motherhood; second, the chapter discusses the conceptualization of female violence in relation to the dominant motherhood narratives; and, finally, it offers an alternative critical reading of mothering as connected representation of oneself when politically violent. Studying representation of the violent self through feminist lenses enable one to critically analyze the importance of motherhood narratives in global politics. Both women employ a motherhood narrative as a way to humanize themselves in response to accusations of violent crimes. A mother’s violence, in their narratives, is completely unintelligible and impossible, or becomes an unfortunate yet understandable result of a mothering instinct that dictates to protect one’s own mythical child. In both cases, the defense rests on narrating themselves as good mothers, disabling other potential narratives to be employed.
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Thorne, Benjamin, and Julia Viebach. "Human Rights Reporting on Rwanda’s Gacaca Courts: A Story of Stagnation and Failure." In Rwanda Since 1994. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941992.003.0004.

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Building on legal anthropology and performance studies, this chapter analyses the Gacaca law talk and performances to evidence the wider context of changes in Rwanda post-1994 due to national and international pressures. The Rwandan government legally mandated Rwandans to actively participate in the gacaca courts from 2004 to 2012 for crimes committed during the 1994 Genocide against Tutsi. Every citizen was required to attend the local level courts to provide testimony and to serve as judge, witness and testifier on a weekly basis. In total, 15,300 courts ruled over nearly two million cases. Based on a 'kaleidoscopic' reading of optical illusions, or a slight shift in perspective to integrate the multiplicity of performances within the gacaca system, we demonstrate the dramaturgic nature of gacaca through gacaca law, policy and practices. Ultimately, such visual metaphors provide important interpretative tools to grasp how gacaca scripts were performed for different audiences with different effects and functions depending on micro to macro politics, and the resulting performances of competing narratives and the variances within the gacaca system.
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